2019级高一英语学案
新高考英语作文新题型——概要写作
一. 概要写作题型特点
概要写作（summary），《牛津高阶英语词典》（第8 版）对它的定义如下:“A summary is a brief statement that gives only the main points of something not the details”。也就是要求考生在整体把握原文的前提下，用自己简洁、精练的语言，对原文的主旨大意进行高度的浓缩，写出一篇语义连贯的短文，也可称之为摘要。这一题型一方面考查学生通过阅读获取文章主旨大意和关键词的能力，另一方面也考查学生的写作能力即用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达的，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
从《考试说明》上对概要写作的评分原则以及各档次的给分范围和要求的规定中，我们可以发现概要写作有以下特点：
客观性：概要写作其实是一种客观的复述，在正确理解原文的基础上，用自己的语言忠实地再现作者的思想，写作内容要全面，既不能漏掉任何要点，也不能随意增加内容；写作时要尽可能避免使用原文中的字句。考生应通过释义的方式，用自己的语言呈现原文主要内容。需要注意的是，考生不能对原文进行解释和评论，也不能掺杂任何个人想法，或做出任何评判，因此不能出现“I believe”, “I think”等字句。
简洁性：简洁是概要写作的一个显著特点。概要写作是一种对原文“浓缩”后产生的新语篇，通过删除原文中的细节减少例证，简化描述内容以及去除重复来实现语言的简洁性，但是简洁的同时还要做到意义的完整。
连贯性：概要写作并不是写提纲那样只是要点的罗列。写概要时，必须在各要点之间增加一些体现逻辑的关系词，使概要衔接紧密、脉络清晰。写出的概要读起来要完整连贯、独立成篇。
二. 评分原则
《考试说明》中关于概要的评分原则中第一条：本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分；评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。其中最高档次第五档（21-25分）的给分描述如下：理解准确，涵盖全部要点；能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇；有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑；完全使用自己的语言。
三. 解题思路
1. 通读全文，确定文体，明确文章结构，标出关键信息。（注意区分事实和观点，重要和次要，普遍与特殊，相关和不相关信息，原因和结果等逻辑关系）
2. 改写，重组关键词。用同义表达替换；分词短语，从句，语态转换整合信息；关键词可以不变。（注意语言简练，客观）
3. 润色全文，连句成篇。（尽可能恰当使用功能连接词）
从不同文体入手，解题思路如下：
记叙文：
1. 通读全文，寻词，摘句，定要素。
把握六要素who,when,where,what,how,why (5w1h) 和故事情节plot (引入---发展---高潮---结局---尾声)
引入（Exposition）: 作为故事的开端，主要交代故事的背景（时间，地点，人物，矛盾冲突）；
发展（Rising action）: 故事矛盾不断变化发展的过程；
高潮（Climax）：故事矛盾冲突的转折点，故事最紧张的部分;
结局（Falling action）: 故事发展的结局，矛盾最终的解决；
尾声（Resolution）: 故事结局的影响以及作者的总结思考。尾声不是情节发展的必要部分，并非所有文章都必备。
2. 明确文章结构，整合信息。保留改写重要信息，删减次要信息。注意人称的转述，一般会把第一人称转述为第三人称。记叙文一般是过去式。但如若有体悟到的“启示，意义”时，一般用一般现在时。语句的连贯性要强，如果事件按时间顺序发展，注意时间点的改写，如two years later，after two weeks…
3. 润色全文，连句成篇。注意语句逻辑关系，功能连接词的恰当使用。一般3，4个句子即可。
Meet The Member Who Quit Sugar
When I was 15, I weighed 100 kg.
I was a size 20+ and hated the way I looked. I was a serial big eater and quite depressed. I would sit in front of the fridge, eat something, move to the cupboard, eat a packet of chips, and move back to the fridge.
It was a heartbreaking cycle of hate and food. I didn’t feel confident, pretty, or worthwhile. Shopping made me cry, I avoided mirrors, and my social life came to an end. I actually lost friends because they told me I was antisocial. It became so bad that I wanted to abuse myself; my skin and
my mind became my enemy.①引入部分
But then, I turned my life around. I quit sugar.
It started with my mum. She staged an intervention (干预) that made me cry. I wanted to change - I needed to change - and she could see how unhappy I was.
She put me onto a diet that mostly aimed to schedule meals, and - to my shock horror - cut out all processed sugar. It was so hard at first. I remember the shame of sneaking chocolate and candies when the three o’clock hunger hits.②发展部分
But the weeks kept coming and it just got easier. I stopped eating sugar, and I stopped loving it; simple as that.
I substituted chips and biscuits for fruit and nuts, and had cup-of-soups after school when I was hit by the desire. I also had more energy, having a 20-minute walk with my dog into my everyday routine;
I began to love that personal time.
Cutting out sugar gave me so much more control over my body, and my outlook on life improved. So many people are intimidated by the words “quit sugar”. It’s not true. Fruit, honey, et cetera are natural sugars, and believe me, they fuel you better than chocolate bars ever could.③高潮部分
Now I’m 17, turning 18, and I weigh 70 kg. I still struggle with my weight, but this is where I sit naturally, and I am very proud of myself. I never thought I would be confident enough to wear dresses or skirts, and take leadership roles to put myself out there and develop my social skills.④结尾部分
I could never have done it without the support of my friends and family, and I urge everyone who wants to do right by themselves and change their diet - quitting sugar or otherwise - to share their decision with people. Develop a support network, online or offline, which can offer you advice or pick you up when you’re down. And I can assure you, from my own per sonal experience, your body will thank you, and you will thank yourself too.（446 words）⑤尾声部分
第一步：通读，划关键词
第二步：明确结构改写
①引入部分用due to或because of改写为
____________________________________________________________________________
②发展部分用with the help of her mom 改写为
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③高潮部分用despite 和get used to 改写为
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④结尾部分用比较级改写为
____________________________________________________________________________
⑤尾声部分改写为
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第三步润色全文，连句成篇（Summary）
_______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
实战演练:
A shop owner placed a sign above his door that said: “Puppies For Sale.”
Signs like this always have a way of attracting young children, and to no surprise, a boy saw the sign and approached the owner; “How much are you going to sell the puppies for?” he asked.
The store owner replied, “Anywhere from $30 to $50.”
The little boy pulled out some change from his pocket. “I have $2.37,” he said. “Can I please look at them?”
The shop owner smiled and whistled. Out of the kennel came Lady, who ran down the aisle of his shop followed by five teeny, tiny balls of fur. One puppy was lagging considerably behind. Immediately the little boy singled out the lagging, limping pu ppy and said, “What’s wrong with that little dog?”
The shop owner explained that the veterinarian had examined the little puppy and had discovered it didn’t have a hip socket（膝盖骨）. It would always limp. It would always be lame. The little boy became excite d. “That is the puppy that I want to buy.”
The shop owner said, “No, you don’t want to buy that little dog. If you really want him, I’ll just give him to you.”
The little boy got quite upset. He looked straight into the store owner’s eyes, pointing his fin ger, and said; “I DON’T WANT YOU TO GIVE HIM TO ME. THAT LITTLE DOG IS WORTH EVERY BIT AS MUCH AS ALL THE OTHER DOGS AND I’LL PAY FULL PRICE. IN FACT, I’LL GIVE YOU $2.37 NOW, AND 50 CENTS A MONTH UNTIL I HAVE HIM PAID FOR.”
The shop owner countered, “You really don’t want to buy this little dog. He is never going to be able to run and jump and play with you like the other puppies.” To his surprise, the little boy reached down and rolled up his pant leg to reveal a badly twisted, crippled left leg supported by a big metal brace. He looked up at the shop owner and softly replied, “Well, I don’t run so well myself, and the little puppy will need someone who understands!”
summary:
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论说类文章：
1. 通读全文，明话题，划关键词，主旨句。主旨句或句首，或句末，尤其注意转折连词后。
In the past a lot of people were reluctant to shop online. Many were worried about the security of entering their card details on the Internet and the reliability of the Internet. But with shopping online becoming more widespread, it hasn’t slowed down the increasing numbers of online shoppers. As the BBC reports ,average spending online this Christmas in America will rise to $240 or so.
Topic sentence:_________________________________________________________ We shouldn’t judge a person by their appearance but we do. In fact, the experts say that when we meet someone for the first time we make a decision about what that person is like in three seconds. But what do we look at? One of the most important things is clothes, but it isn't the brand of clothes that people wear that is important. The important thing is to wear the right clothes for the occasion.
Topic sentence:_________________________________________________________
2.明确文章结构，整合信息。论说类文章一般以自然段为基础，结构一般为：
topic（论点）---supporting sentences（论据）---结论（conclusion）
phenomenon (现象)—reasons（原因）
phenomenon (现象)—effects （影响）
phenomenon (现象)—solutions（解决办法）
3. 润色全文，连句成篇
We shouldn’t judge a person by their appearance but we do. In fact, the experts say that when we meet someone for the first time we make a decision about what that person is like in three seconds. But what do we look at? One of the most important things is clothes, but it isn't the brand of clothes that people wear that is important. The important thing is to wear the right clothes for the occasion.
Schools have always understood this and a lot of them ask their students to wear a uniform. Why?
A lot of teachers think a uniform makes students feel that they are part of their school and that their uniform helps them to be serious about their studies. Teachers say that uniforms can help in other ways too. If all the students wear uniforms, they can't judge each other because of their clothes. It also avoids arguments about who or what is fashionable.
However, it is not only schools that want people to dress in a certain way. We all have fixed ideas about what the people in a certain profession should wear. If we visit a doctor, we expect to see respectable clothes under the doctor’s white coat. When we go into a bank we expect the staff to wear suits or dresses. Police officers wear uniforms to deter crime by establishing a visible presence while on patrol, to make themselves easily identifiable to non-police officers or their colleagues who require assistance, and to quickly identify each other at crime scenes for ease of coordination. In fact, a lot of
companies have dress codes for their staff because they know that the customers expect to see them dressed in certain types of clothes.
But can our clothes really tell people what we are like? Maybe not, but they can show our attitude to what we are doing at the moment. When people see us in the right clothes, they think we are serious about what we are doing. Furthermore, if we are clean, smart and polite, people will have confidence in us.
第一步通读全文，明话题，划关键词，主旨句。
第二步明确文章结构，整合信息。
第三步润色全文，连句成篇。
______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________
实战演练:
Shyness
If you suffer from shyness, you arenot alone, for shyness is a universal phenomenon. It is not surprising that social scientists are learning more about its causes.
The first environmental cause ofshyness many be a child’s home and family life. Today’s children are growing upin smaller and smaller families, with fewer and fewer relatives living nearby.Growing up in homes in which both parents work full time, children may not have the socializing experience of frequent visits by neighbours and friends.Because of their lack of social skills, they may begin to feel sociallyinhibited, or shy, when they start school.
A second environmental cause ofshyness in an individual may be one’s culture. In a larg e study conducted inJapan,57 percent of participants rated themselves as shy. Researchers Henderson and Zimbardo say, “One expectation is that inJapanan individual performancesuccess is credited externally to parents, teachers, and others, while failureis entirely blamed on the person.” Therefore Japanese learn not take risks inpublic and rely instead on group-shared decisions.
Technology may also play a role. In the United States,the number of young people who report being shy has risen from 40 percent to 50percent in recent years .Due to our huge advances in technology, watching television, playing video games, and surfing the Web have replaced recreational activities that involve social interaction for many young people. Adults, too,are becoming more isolated as aresult of technology. Face-to-face interactions with bank clerks, gas
station attendants, and shop assistants are no longer necessary because people can usemachines to do their banking, fill their gas tanks, and order goods. In short,they become shy.
It appears that most people have experienced shyness at some time in their lives. Therefore, if
you are shy, you have lots of company. （307words）
summary:
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清单二概要写作常用关联词
清单三方法技巧
概要写作是对考生综合能力的考查。它既考查考生对文章的理解和概括能力,又考查在限定词汇内的表述能力。所以,要做好概括写作,
考生必须:
一、读懂原文,把握各段要点
概要写作所提供的文章,一般是结构比较清楚明晰的议论文或说明文。这样的文章,各段的段意很明确,而概括写作就是对这些段意的概括。在写概要之前,一定要认真阅读文章,确保理解文章的主旨、文章的结构以及各段的段意。在阅读文章的时候,要善于发现核心词和高频词。这些词汇是概要写作的基础和核心。
二、以自然段为概括的基础
概要写作的特点决定了自然段的重要性。各段的要点明确。大多数情况下,一个自然段自成一个要点。以自然段为基础概括会帮助我们不遗漏信息,判断主要信息。当然,以自然段为基础概括并不是说一个自然段一定是一个要点。有时几个自然段说明一个要点。有时一个自然段包含数个要点。
三、细节信息可以略过
说明文和议论文中,为了表达观点和说明信息,文章需要提供一些具体的支持性的细节信息,如例举数字、举例、过渡句等。这些属于补充和辅助信息。在概要写作中不必一一列出。
四、核心词不必替换
说明文和议论文,尤其是说明文,会有一些核心词,这些词是文章的核心,概要时不要替换。我们要清楚,核心词是文章的心脏,一般不宜换成其他词。
五、使用正确的时态
概要写作的体裁一般是说明文和议论文,因此一般的概括都要用现在时、完成时或将来时。慎用过去时。
六、写作时句式要多样化
概要写作是书面化程度比较高的考查题目,因此其表述句式也要多样化。因此可以酌情选择使用从句、非谓语等结构,合适的语法结构和丰富的词汇,将原文的要点连贯地组织起来。尽管有字数的限制,但是,作为一段文字,在组织的过程中还是要注意应用合适的连接词。在组织句子的时候,也要注意使用比较书面化的句子结构,如从句、分词词组、特殊结构等。但句子结构不可过长,也不要使用太过复杂的句子结构。
七、努力扩充词汇量
尤其要注意积累同根词的不同形式。用不同词性的同根词替代原词是概要写作的重要手段。在概要写作中,有一条标准,即“对各要点表达的独立性情况”,也就是说,首先,各个要点要用独立的句子表述;其次,要使用自己的语言总结,不能照搬文章中的句子和结构。这对词汇的要求很高。因此,我们平时要注意词汇的积累。
八、合理使用句式转换
有时候,概要写作中会出现主旨句。那么这种情况下,就要使用相应的句式替换方式。如主动被动的互换、反向转换(主语和宾语互换)、从句和非谓语动词的转换等。
中考英语作文专项训练 一、考点分析： 在中考中，写作占20分，分值所占比例大，而写作考察学生的英文综合运用能力，因此非常关键。 【中考英语作文的评分标准】 比较为学生所熟悉的就是“8+8+4”结构，即： （一）内容： 7-8分：内容切题，意思连贯，表达清楚、完整。 5-6分：内容基本切题，意思大致连贯，表达基本清楚、但不够完整。 2-4分：内容不够切题，意思不够连贯，表达不够清楚、有些离题。 0-1分：文不对题，表达不清。 （二）语言： ①词数：每少5个字扣0.5分，以此类推。只写出个别单词、词不成句不给分。 ②拼写：每错扣0.5分，同一错误不重复计数。 ③语法：同② ④标点符号、大小写：每两处错误扣0.5分，但扣分总和不超过1分。 （三）组织结构： ①内容充实、上下文连贯、用语规范、表达准确、无语法错误；词汇和句型句式运用恰当，多 见好句型和习惯表达用语者，可给3-4分。 ②内容充实、不写废话；上下文连贯、用语规范、表达准确、无或少见语法错误；词汇和句型 句式运用恰当，多见好句型和习惯表达用语者，可给2分。 ③一般情况下，内容和语言累计得分在15分以上者（含），方可得到1-2分组织结构分。 ④内容和语言在15分以下者，如文中有值得肯定的好句型和表达，可酌情考虑给1分组织结 构分。 ⑤通篇句型、句式单一、词汇贫乏者，即使无语法错误，一般也不予给组织结构分。 二、写作中常见问题：
①内容空洞，没有清晰的思路，表达能力不强，表达生硬呆板，甚至中式英语翻译思维。 ②议论过多，描写不足。大多数情况下，把议论当成的作文的重点，常常跑题。 ③句式单一，都是简单句，缺少复合句。 ④结构散漫，思维跳跃，文章缺乏条理性。 ⑤连词的使用较少，并且使用单一，句子之间的连接很生硬。 ⑥文章平淡，无亮点短语和句型，连接词等。 三、写作技巧分析： 【高分作文的必备元素】 1. 书写工整，书面整洁，很少有涂改痕迹。 2. 不出现语法，拼写，标点，大小写等错误。 3. 文章字数最好控制在80-100字之间，切记过长或者过短，8-10句即可。 4. 要点齐全。为了避免遗漏要点，可以将题目中给出的要点标注出来。 5. 开头言简意赅，不啰嗦，不偏题，迅速引入主题。 6. 连接词使用恰当，不重复，上下文有连贯性，使之自然成一体。 7. 应用词汇: 高级词汇的合理使用、同义词的变化使用、短语的恰当使用。 8. 多用亮点短语，并且使短语多样性，尽可能使用多种表达方式。 比如：同一个意思“帮助”，假如你就用一个动词“help”，显得词汇贫乏。如果能在作文中不断 地变换方式，用help、give sb. a hand、do sb. a favor、be in need of 等以表达“帮助”，表达更灵 活生动。 9.句式多样性，可适当使用陈述句，疑问句，祈使句及感叹句，强调句，倒装句，定语从句， 状语从句，宾语从句等。 10. 能够恰当使用谚语、格言、名言等给文章添彩。 11. 语法结构多样性,主动被动交叉用，原级比较级灵活用，非谓语动词恰当用。 12.灵活使用万能句型，增添文章亮点。 四、中考经典范文解读： VII. Writing (作文) （共20分） 94. Write at least 60 words on the topic “I want to invent_____” (以“我想要发明________”为题，写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格)
2019全国8套高考英语作文真题及范文指导 1.全国Ⅰ卷 【题目要求】 假定你是李华，暑假在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括： 1．写信目的：2．个人优势：3．能做的事情。 注意： 1．词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．结束语已为你写好。 【参考范文】 Dear Sir/Madam, I’m Li Hua, an exchange student from China during this summer vacation. I’m delighted to learn that volunteer students are wanted for a Chinese painting exhibition to be held in the local art gallery. Now I’m writing to apply for the position. The reasons for my application are as follows. First of all, having been exposed to foreign teachers since a young age, I can communicate freely with others in English. What’s more, years of being monitor makes me a brilliant organizer, which will help a lot to keep the exhibition in order. The most important factor is that my related knowledge will undoubtedly help the audience learn more about the unique Chinese art form. All in all, my sense of responsibility will make me a qualified volunteer. I’d appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration. Yours, 1
写作题型分类 （一）对立观点型 2000年6月 Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? The First sentence has already been written for you. You should write at least 120 words, and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1. 很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是...... 2. 也有人持不同意见，...... 3. 我的看法和打算 1999年6月 Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Reading Selectively or Extensively? You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1.有些人认为读书要有选择 2.有些人认为应当博览群书 3.我的看法 1998年6月 Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck? You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1.有些人认为某些数字会带来好运 2.我认为数字和运气无关...... 1997年6月 Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My View on Job-Hopping. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1. 有些人喜欢始终从事一种工作，因为...... 2. 有些人喜欢经常更换工作，因为...... 3. 我的看法 1996年1月 Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the title: Why I Take College English Test Band 6. You should base your composition on the
2016年浙江新高考英语题型变化一一阅读和写作 随着《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明（高考综合改革试验省份 试用）（第一版）》的公布，酝酿已久的高考英语改革终于拉开了大幕。高考英 语考试怎么 改，改了多少，对于试点地区浙江省的英语教学与考试又会产生哪些 影响小编今天从题型变化解读入手，分享一下自己对于新高考考试说明的认识。 希望能帮助各位老师尽快熟悉新题型。 | |一、题型变化 相比2015年浙江省高考英语真题，新高考阅读部分考查题型有如下变化: 第二部分：阅读理解 第一节阅读理解题 篇幅会减少，但是设题难度有可能升高，因此不能掉以 备注 轻 心。 第二节新题型阅读 第一节完形填空 题量不变，分值从1分每题增加为分每题。 完形填空考试题型不变。考查考生在阅读理解的基础上运用词汇知识的能 力。在一 篇约250词（2015浙江高考真题完形词数为350左右）的短文中留出 20个空白，要求考生从每题所给的 4个选项中选出最佳选项，使补足后的短文 意思通顺、前后连 贯、结构完整。 第二节语法填空 对浙江省的高中生来说，语法填空是一个新题型，代替原来的单项选择题。 考查考生 篇幅与题量 总数 分值 字数 2015浙江高考真题 阅读A: 5道 阅读B: 4道 阅读C: 5道 阅读D: 6道 20道 2016高考新题型 阅读A: 3道 阅读B: 3道 阅读C: 4道 10道 20X 2=40 10X =25 不少于1800 不少于800 考查学生理解主旨和要义、获取事实细节、根据上下文 猜 测词义、作出简单的判断和推理、分析文章的基本结 构、 理解作者的意图、观点和态度。虽然最新高考阅读 题型 分值 考点位置 考查能力 第三部分：语言运用 2015浙江高考真题 阅读6选5 5X 2=10 句首 概括 2016高考新题型 阅读7选5 5X 2=10 段首、段中、段尾 概括、上下文推理
2016年中考英语《书面表达》专题练习1 假如你班要就“如何为中考做准备”开一个主题班会, 请你根据以下内容写一篇发言稿, 谈谈你认为在中考准备过程中要注意的事项以及理由: 1. 保持良好情绪。不要焦虑和紧张, 否则会没有面对困难的勇气; 2. 制订合适的目标。太低的目标使人懒散, 太高的目标使人失去信心; 3. 不要熬夜, 以确保上课时精力旺盛, 注意力集中; 4. 多与父母、老师、同学交流沟通, 以便走出困境; 5. 谈谈你自己的观点。 注意: 1. 词数80～100个, 开头和结尾已为你写好(不计入总词数); 2. 可适当增加细节, 使行文通顺连贯。 参考词汇: aim v. /n. 目标confidence n. 信心 Boys and girls, the final exams are coming. ____________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ With these done, I believe we can be successful in the exams. 书面表达试题(二) 假设你是九年级一班的李明, 你将代表班级参加学校举行的“感恩父母”英语演讲比赛。演讲内容包括: 1. 讲述一件你和父母之间难忘的事情; 2. 你对“感恩父母”的认识; 3. 具体的感恩行动(至少两点); 4. 表达祝福与愿望。 注意: 1. 语言通顺, 意思连贯, 条理清楚, 书写规范; 2. 文中不得出现真实的姓名和学校名称; 3. 词数80个左右。文章开头已给出, 不计入总词数。 Hello, everyone! I’m Li Ming from Class1, Grade9. Today the topic of my speech is love
2014-2017年全国卷高考英语作文真题范文汇总 笔者最近认真研读了2014-2017年高考英语全国卷作文真题范文以及高考英语作文评分标准，通过反复斟酌，笔者决定根据高考英语作文评分标准对这些作文真题进行重新创作，真诚希望广大考生可以利用这些原创范文积累写作素材，同时也希望广大考生可以根据作文评分标准认真分析这些原创范文并最终提高英语写作的能力。 1.2017年全国卷Ⅰ作文真题： 第二节书面表达(满分25分) 假定你是李华，正在教你的英国朋友Leslie学习汉语。请你 写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。内容包括： （1）时间和地点； （2）内容：学习唐诗； （3）课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史。 注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 原创范文： Dear Leslie, I hear about the news that you are now keen on Tang poems. Because of this, I’m writing to inform you of the detailed plan for the next class.
Undoubtedly, Tang poems is an indispensable part of Chinese culture, which is worth learning very well. As expected, we’ll meet on this Sunday morning in the local park, which provides an environmentally---friendly atmosphere for many learners, especially language learners. In addition to this, I want to give you a suggestion that you can find some information about the history of the Tang Dynasty on the Internet prior to the arriving lesson we will have altogether. I am looking forward to your early reply as soon as possible. Yours, Li Hua 2.2017年全国卷Ⅱ作文真题： 第二节书面表达（满分25分） 假定你是李华，想邀请外教Henry一起参观中国剪纸（paper-cutting）艺术展。请给他写封邮件，内容包括： 1.展览时间、地点； 2.展览内容。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 原创范文：
高考英语的10种类型 高考作文分为实用文和应用文。 实用文包括：1.提纲作文；2.图表作文； 3.图画作文； 4.开放作文； 应用文包括：5.书信； 6.通知；7简历；8.日记；9.便条；10.电子邮件。1.提纲作文：在英语课堂上，你喜欢你的老师授课时只用英语，还是英语、汉语 兼用？某英语杂志社就此话题邀请中学生发表看法。请围绕“How do you prefer your English classes to be taught? In English only,or in both English and Chinese?”这个问题，参考所给要点，选择一种授课形式，写一篇英语短文。 授课形式一：只用英语 优点：有助于提高听说能力等 缺憾：不易听懂等 结论：…… 授课形式二：英语、汉语兼用 优点：易于理解等 缺憾：英语氛围不浓等 结论：…… 注意：1.词数100~120，短文开头已给出(不计词数)。 2.参考词汇：atmosphere氛围 满分文(一) I prefer my English classes to betaught in both English and Chinese, whose advantage is that it is easy for usto understand what the teacher talks about. The teacher first teaches the classin English, and then she explains those that are hard to understand to us sothat we get a better knowing of the passage. That will be good for us. However, teaching the class in twolanguages will make the English atmosphere not so strong. Some studentswhowish to be taught in English will be disappointed. Except for the disadvantage, I thinkit is really good to hear two languages in classes. It can make us morefamiliar with the foreign culture. 名师指导： 审题是作文的第一要素，本文的审题准确无误。无论是要点的把握还是结构的组织都证明了这一点。本文运用多种复杂句式，整体看来是不错的。文中的一个复合句式显示了作者的英语功底。其他出彩短语的使用也很地道，可以参看好句中的分析。 背诵内容： 1.advantage n.优点 2.be familiar with，对某人熟悉 3. atmosphere n.气氛 满分文(二) I prefer my English classes to betaught only in English because it is helpful for us to improve the ability ofspeaking and listening in a very short time. I have strong
新高考英语题型功能与题型创新 2014年，浙江省根据国务院关于深化高考改革的意见，结合本省的实际情况，对高考英语进行了实际的变革，语文、数学、外语每门课程均是150分，得分多少计入最后考试的总体成绩。其中，外语课程的考试每年安排两次，其中一次在6月份与语文、数学的考试同时进行。英语高考的分值是150分，每年考试两次，取其中最好的一次成绩作为高考纳入成绩。这次英语高考是1977年高考改革以来，最大程度的改革，在社会各界引起了剧烈的反向。本文将从浙江高考英语改革的原因以及可能造成的影响等方面，对浙江英语新高考进行全面的、细致的分析与思考。 一、浙江进行英语改革的原因 1977年，高考恢复，英语考试随之恢复，1983年，英语被纳入到中考的考试科目，1994年，英语被正式列入到高考的科目中，1987年，大学英语四级考试的相关政策出台，1989年，英语六级出台，1992年，英语正式成为三大主科之一，一直到2012年，各地的英语高考改革正在逐步的实施与进行。随着新中国的成立，我们国家考试制度逐渐的完善，一直到最后，英语成为与数学、语文同等地位的主科，由此可见，我国教育中对英语教育教学的重视，既然英语教学具有重要的作用与悠久的历史，那么我们为什么要实施新的高考呢？笔者认为，有以下几点原因：首先，为了提升学生对学习汉语的热情。随着社会的发展与时代的进步，人们对自己国家的语言的学习与书写逐渐的弱化，各种高科技产品的出现，人们对于自己母语的学习以及对自己国家的文化失去了兴趣。笔者就所在的学校进行调查研究，发现学生每天要花费个把小时的时间进行英语学习，每天至少有一节课的时间是要学习英语的。由此可见，学生花费在英语上的时间往往是多于汉语的。为了提升学生学习汉语的热情，需要相对的降低英语教学的地位，加强学生对汉语学习的热爱。其次，英语学习的重要性，
2021年中考英语作文专项练习 A 回想这三年的初中生活也是感慨万千．在初中毕业典礼上，学校将举行"感恩教育仪式"，请你根据下表提示的要点，用英语为该活动写一篇短文，简述这三年来要感恩的人和事，以及你的感想和未来打算． 注意： 1．表达中必须包含所给要点，可以适当发挥，不要简单翻译． 2．词数100左右．开头已经写好，不计入总词数． 3．表达中请勿提及真实校名及姓名． How time flies!Three years has passed since I came to the secondary school．During the past three years，I have gained a lot and grown a lot． First，I should say thanks to my dear parents．． 【解答】How times flies! Three years has passed since I came to the secondary school．During the past three years，I have gained a lot and grown a lot． First，I should say thanks to my dear parents．They take good care of me without any complaint．They work hard to support the whole family．They are always trying their best to make me live a better life．（感恩父母） Second，I'm thankful to all my teachers for their great help and support．They are patient enough to spend lots of time explaining problems to me．【高分句型】Besides，They always encourage me when I am in trouble．It's unselfish of them to devote their time to education．（感恩老师）【高分句型】 Finally，I also feel very grateful to my classmates．We work together and share things with each other．We often help each
近十年高考全国卷英语作文真题 （一）06年全国卷I 假定你是李华。应英国朋友Bob的要求，写一封短信介绍你校图书馆的基本情况。内容须包括下面两幅图中的相关信息。 注意： 1. 词数100左右; 2. 可以适当增减细节，以使行文连贯; 3. 开头语已为你写好。 June 8 Dear Bob, Thank you for your last letter asking about our library. __________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Best wishes, Li Hua 内容要点： 1. 图书馆的位置：前有花园，后有教学楼 2. 内部环境：宽敞、有书架、报刊、书籍等 3. 图书馆功能：借阅、借阅数量和借期 4. 开放时间 5. 合适的结尾
（二）06年全国卷II 假定你是李华, 亚洲冬季运动会将在你居住的地方举办, 现在正在招募志愿者, 你希望成为其中一员。请按要求用英文给组委会写一封申请信. 内容应包括: 1．个人情况：年龄、性别、学历 2．个人条件：英语好、爱好体育、善于交往、乐于助人、熟悉本地情况 3．承诺：提供最佳服务 注意： 1．词数100左右，开头语已为你写好 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯 3．生词：申请–apply (v.), application (n.)；志愿者–volunteer Dear Sir or Madam, My name is Li Hua. I would like to work as a volunteer for the Winter Asian Games. ________________________________________________________________________ （三）07年全国卷I 假定你是李华，希望通过外籍教师Peter找一个英语笔友。请写一封短信，描述一下你理想中笔友的条件，并说明为什么选这样的笔友。具体条件包括： 1.年龄； 2.性别； 3.爱好（旅游、运动、宠物等）。 注意：1．词数100 左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．开头语已为你写好。
高考英语新题型语法填空的考查分析及应考策略陕西省英语试题从2016年开始使用全国II卷，新增了听力，语法填空和七选五阅读。其中语法填空是同学们认为比较难的一个题，但同时也是这三个新题型里最容易提分的一个题，所以本人就此题的考查特点及应考策略谈谈自己的看法。 语法填空的考查目的和要求： 语法填空考查考生的语言基本功和在具体的语境下准确运用语言的能力。要求考生挖掘语境信息，运用逻辑语义、语篇衔接等手段，辨析各题、各个选项在语义、语用价值上的差异。其创新的意义在于体现“突出语篇、强调应用、注重实际”的精神。体现了语言测试的交际性原则，体现了高中课程改革的教学理念，与课程标准所提出的英语课程性质相吻合。 语法填空的核心是语言基本功，所以要求关注基础。教师在教学中重视语法的使用情境，体现语法的语用要求和交际功能，把握好语法复习的度。考纲中规定的语法项目都要复习到位，既要保证语法知识复习的系统性、完整性，又要结合高考试题，做到重点突出、详略得当。学生在语法复习时一定要注意语法的基本使用规则，通过语境了解语法，学习语法，亦运用语法。语法复习最好以练固讲，精讲精练，让考生在练中归纳，在练中感悟和提高。切忌面面俱到，耗时耗力地讲解语法规则和条文而削弱实践和练习，忽视其交际功能和语用功能。 语法填空题型特点和要求: 要求: 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 一般十个题里有七个是给提示词的，主要考查实词，例如考查名词的单复数，代词的变化，动词的时态语态，形容词副词比较级最高级，以及各个词性之间的转化。三个是无提示词的，主要考查连词，包括并列连词和从属连词，介词的搭配和运用，冠词等，这就要求学生们对文章句意，整体内容和结构的把握。 语法填空新题型对英语教学的启示： 1. 转变传统的语法教学理念 改变“重识记，轻运用”的语法教学理念，适当减少较繁琐复杂的语法知识的讲解，指导学生在具体语境中学得和习得语法。
一、大作文 1.用英语以Learn to Smile 为题写一篇短文 注意：1. 词数80-100个。短文的开头已给出，不计入总数。 2.参考词：自信(confidence n.) (confident adj.) 打败beat (beat、beaten)v. 3.短文包括所有内容要点，不可逐词翻译，可适当发挥。文中不得出现真实的人名、校名等。Learn to Smile Smiling is an attitude（态度）to life. 二．小作文 1.你要参加“爱心俱乐部”（Helping Hands Club）。根据表格内容用英语写一封自荐信。（30个词）
只有恰当使用了语句之间的连接成分，才能使全文结构紧凑。 连词： 表示并列 and;either…or; neither…nor; both…and; not only…but also; 表示另外,还有what’s more, besides, also, in addition, still, as well as 结束陈述finally……; lastly……; to sum up 1. First cut up three bananas，three apples and a watermelon. Next put the fruit in a bow 提供例子 1. like Some champions, like the golfer Tigerwoods, make billions of dollars a year. 2. such as All the restaurants have famous food from Holland, such as cheese. 3. for example Lillian Li, for example, said that the best way to learn new words was by reading English magazines. 4. for instance It’s true that some ads can be very useful. For instance, they can help you to c ompare two different products. 5. let’s say （过于口语） A nd receiving gifts isn’t always easy, either. Let’s say your grandmother give you an orange sweater 信的格式 称呼： 称呼是书信的开头部分，是写信人对收信人的称谓。无论是私人信件、还是公务信件，一般都以“Dear”作为开头引出收信人的姓名和头衔。称呼的后面一般都要求加逗号。 在私人信件中，一般都是“Dear”后面直接加人名，如“Dear Anna, Dear Tom”等；或者“Dear”后面加长辈的称呼，如“Dear Papa, Dear Aunt”；如果关系不是非常亲密，则要称呼对方的姓，写做“Dear Mr. Smith, Dear Mrs. Smith, Dear Miss Smith, Dear Ms Smith”。注意，在不知道女士的婚嫁状况的时候，宜用“Ms.”。 不知对方姓名：Dear Sir/Sirs, Dear Madam/Madams, Dear Sir or Madam, To Whom It May Concern 正文： 正文一般包括三个部分。第一部分是开头，需要开门见山地说明写信的原因和目的。如果是写给不认识的人，还要加上一个简单的自我介绍。如果是回信，还要说明何时收到对方关于什么内容的信。第二部分是信的核心和主要内容，把开头提出的问题进行充分的说明和解释。第三部分是信的结尾，通常以礼貌的祝福或者愿望来结束。如： I am looking forward to your reply. Please pass my best wishes to all your family. 结束语 结束语是写信人对于收信人的谦称和致敬。 在私人信件中，一般可以用“Best wishes, Best regards, Best, Regards, Warmest Regards, Yours, Yours ever, Yours sincerely, Cordially”。如果是用于关系非常亲密的朋友或者亲人，则还可以用“Yours affectionately, Affectionately, Love, Lovingly, Cheers,除了以上结束语外还可以采用以下形式：Truly yours, Sincerely yours, Faithfully yours, etc. 英文信件结束语形式非常多，对于考生来说如果能够掌握各种情况下的不同结束语自然最好，但是对于应试来说，考生掌握一个“Yours sincerely”就可以以不变应万变，因为这个结束语普遍适用于私人和公务信件。
【题目01】CET-4 (2006.1) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1、名校校园正成为旅游热点； 2、校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同； 3、我认为…… 【范文】 Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? Nowadays, with the development of society and economy and the improvement of people’s living standard, tourism has grown to be a new booming industry. Places with different styles of tourist resources have become tourist destinations, among which the campuses of prestigious universities turn out to be a new focus. Opinions on whether university campuses should be open to tourists vary from individual to individual.Proponents consider it beneficial to both the university and the tourist. The university may be better understood by the visitor, which may enhance its reputation and help attract more talented applicants. On the other hand, young children, when absorbed in the noble atmosphere, may be stimulated to work even harder to realize their dream of attending universities. Opponents argue that the inflow of tourists may be a disturbance to normal teaching activities. Every advantage has its disadvantage. In my viewpoint, the benefits outweigh the drawbacks on the condition that proper visiting time is scheduled. Anyway, universities should not only be an ivory tower to college students, but also a tourist attraction to all people. 【题目02】模拟题目 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Overseas Study. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1、有人认为出国留学是个人发展的最佳选择； 2、也有人坚持在国内也能实现自己的理想； 3、我的看法 【范文】 On Overseas Study With the deepening of reform and opening-up of our country, many people dream of going abroad for further study. They insist that the modern research facilities, world famous professors and excellent environment in those foreign colleges and universities can help lay a perfect foundation for their future developmen t. However, there are still many people who favor studying at home. They argue that studying abroad is too expensive and therefore doesn’t pay. They also point out that there are no language and cultural barriers of they study in our country. Jus as the old saying goes, “Every advantage has its disadvantage.”Both opinions are acceptable in some sense. If students have the chance and financial resources, they should seize the opportunity to go abroad and broaden their eyes. On the other hand, if conditions don’t permit, they can pursue their studies in top universities at home. What counts is not the place where they
Ⅰ.阅读理解 阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。 When the natural climate changes due to global warming, it can surely affect seals. The majority of them live in the Antarctic region, so as the ice is melting, their natural habitat can be seriously affected. These changes don't take place overnight. They can be the result of many years of additional temperatures in the area. Seals then have to find ways to adapt. Seals depend on the cool air currents to bring plenty of food for them. When the temperatures get higher, there is less and less food and the seal population starts to shrink. Mothers aren't healthy enough to feed their babies. Many of them end up abandoned as their mothers have to leave to find their own source of food. The fact that their desire to produce young can be changed by the warmer temperatures is frightening too. It is also believed that the warmer temperatures can allow different diseases and viruses to attack seals. This is a huge concern as they can rapidly wipe out huge numbers of seals out there. However, these changes in climate and temperature aren't all bad for other species of seals. Scientists have found that those living in warmer climates are producing more young due to the changes. Research also shows that the females are moving further to find food and water. When they are out of the reach of the governing males, they are more willing to accept the moves of other males in the group. This is good news too because it means that there will be more selection in the gene pool(基因库)for future generations. It can help seals as a species adapt to change in their natural environment more easily.