Module 4 Carnival I. 模块教学目标
II. 目标语言
Ⅲ.教材分析与教材重组
1. 教材分析
本模块以Carnival为话题，介绍狂欢节的历史、发展、种类及人们的活动、饮食和习俗，并由此引导学生联想、讨论中国的节日，旨在通过学习本模块使学生掌握有关节日和食物的词汇、句型，从而不但了解外国的狂欢节，而且对我国的节日也有进一步了解，进而拓展社会文化背景、增加跨国文化知识；使学生巩固表达喜好的方式，复习并掌握被动语态的用法；能够根据要求描写一个中国的节日,能表达自己的观点和想法。
1.1 INTRODUCTION Speaking 以五幅关于外国著名节日的图片和它们的简要描述切入话题，使学生通过讨论激活关于节日话题的背景知识,了解这五个著名节日的习俗及意义，以激起学生的学习兴趣; 第二个活动引导学生列出中国节日的名称和日期; 第三个活动以一幅图画和几个问题引导学生回顾节日期间的特殊着装; 第四个活动是选出节日期间做的事情,为本模块的学习作好铺垫。
1.2 READING AND VOCABULARY 课文以Carnival为话题，介绍了狂欢节的由来和发展、威尼斯狂欢节和美洲狂欢节的特点及异同。通过课文前后的四个相关练习，使学生了解、学习相关词汇和课文主旨。
与课文相关的练习：Task 1是要求学生浏览课文后选出文中涉及话题，潜移默化中培养学生skimming 这一重要阅读技巧；Task 2是考察对文章细节的理解，有助于学生从微观的角度来理解课文；Task 3 && 4词汇、短语练习，找出文中一些较为复杂的词汇和短语的解析，从而为近一步的阅读理解扫除障碍。
1.3 GRAMMAR (Review of the passive voice) 通过一系列语法练习，旨在使学生复习并掌握被动语态在各种时态中的使用。
1.4 VOCABULARY AND LISTENING 该部分有两项任务，一是复习关于食物的一些词语，为下一步的听力作铺垫。二是听关于四种节日的材料，然后完成与录音内容相关的练习，训练学生听和理解各种节日的能力。
1.5 EVERYDAY ENGLISH 通过选择8个短语的正确的意思而掌握这些日常用语。
1.6 FUNCTION（Expressing likes, dislikes and preferences）通过三步训练掌握表达喜好的方式。
三步练习逐步递近,环环相扣。
1.7 READING AND WRITING 读一封电子邮件，划出其中用来描述氛围、音乐和食物的形容词，并从这三个方面来描述一个中国节日。
1.8 CULTURAL CORNER 通过阅读有关狂欢节意义的文章，拓宽学生有关这一节日的知识面和相关词汇量，从而让学生了解任何一个节日都是由其历史渊源的。
1.9 TASK 让学生在小组讨论的基础上，写一段文字介绍一个中国节日。
1.10 MODULE FILE 部分简要总结了本模块的重点词汇、语法、重点句型、短语及日常用语。总之，通过本模块的系统学习，让学生了解狂欢节以及世界各国的节日及民俗，学习有关节日和食物的词汇，并能够丰富语言知识，提升用英语表达观点的能力。
2. 教材重组
2.1口语课将INTRODUCTION、EVERYDAY ENGLISH和FUNCTION三
部分形成一节口语课。在讨论所给图片上五个著名外国节日的基础上，补充讨论中国节日的来历、意义和风俗。激活学生尽可能多的关于节日的词汇，为后面的读、听、写作铺垫，同时激发学生的学习热情。
2.2阅读课VOCABULARY AND READING两部分可以整合为一体，设计成一节阅读课。
2.3语法课本节课前十五分钟用来复习课文内容，复习被动语态结构，练习WORKBOOK 中相关题目，并链接高考题中对此语法项目的考查点。
2.4听力课将课文中的VOCABULARY AND LISTENING和WORKBOOK 中的Listening and Speaking整合为一节听力课。
2.5泛读课将CULTURAL CORNER与WORKBOOK中Reading 部分放在一起，再加入课外阅读材料，扩大节日这一话题信息量,上一节泛读课。
2.6 写作课把READING AND WRITING, TASK 与WORKBOOK 中Speaking and writing 放在一起，上一节写作课。
3. 课型设计与课时分配(经分析教材, 本模块可以用六课时教完)
1st Period Speaking
2nd Period Reading
3rd Period Grammar
4th Period Listening
5th Period Extensive Reading
6th Period Writing
（以上课时分配与教材重组，仅供参考，教师可因时因地因人而异，不必拘泥于此。)
IV. 分课时教案
The First Period Speaking
Teaching goals教学目标
1. Target language目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
carnival, Christian, ghost
b. 交际用语
1. This is a ... festival which comes in...
2. The festival is at the end of ..., when...
3. Have you ever dressed up in special clothes?
4. Expressing likes, dislikes and preferences:
—Do you like fish?
—No, I don?t. I hate it.
Yes, I do. I quite like it.
I hate it. I love it.
It?s OK. I quite like it.
I really like it. I don?t think much of it.
2. Ability goals能力目标
Enable the students to talk about some foreign festivals and customs.
3. Learning ability goals学能目标
Help the Ss learn how to talk about festivals with the target language.
Teaching important &difficult points教学重难点
How to talk about festivals and customs at festivals and how to express likes, dislikes and preferences.
Teaching methods教学方法
Elicitation, discussion, listening and pair work.
Teaching aids教具准备
A computer, a projector and a tape recorder.
Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式
Step I Lead-in
Show the word “FESTIVALS” on the screen and then encourage the students to talk about as much about festivals in China as possible.
T: Hello, everybody! As we all know, China, our great motherland, has a long history. So we have various festivals today. Look at the screen, please. What do you think of after you read the word “festivals”? Why do you think so?
Ss: We like festivals very much. That’s because we can get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our daily life.
Step II Speaking 1
T: Who can talk something about festivals in China? V olunteers!
S1: The Spring Festival is the most important festival in our country, when I usually get much lucky money from my parents, grandparents and my relatives. At the Spring Festival I needn’t go to school and there is lots of delicious food to eat. How great it is! What’s more, I can meet my cousins and old friends who I haven’t seen for a long time and we can have a very good time together.
T: Excellent work! Now let?s talk more about FESTIV ALS, which are meant to celebrate important events and persons. Please think about other Chinese festivals and when they are celebrated.
FESTIV ALS
S2: New Year (January 1st), Yuanxiao Festival (15 days after the Spring Festival).
S3: That’s also called the Lantern Festival. It’s the 15th day of the first lunar month, when we eat special sweet dumplings called Yuanxiao and enjoy displayed lanterns. And we enjoy beautiful fireworks, too.
T: You have done a good job. What are the other festivals?
S4: International Women’s Day. It is on March 8.
S5: Arbor Day on March 12th.
S6: International Labor Day and Chinese Youth Day.
S7: International Children’s Day.
T: Yes. Do you know other Chinese festivals?
S8: Army Day is on August 1st and Teachers’ Day is on September 10th.
S9: National Day on October 1st.
T: Excellent work! Those are mostly the legal holidays in our country. There are also some traditional Chinese festivals celebrated according to the lunar calendar. Do you know some other traditional festivals? List some of them, please.
S10: Qingming Festival in memory of the dead or the heroes on April the fifth.
T: It?s called Tomb Sweeping Festival. Another one?
S11: Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month in memory of the great poet - Qu Yuan.
S12: Mid-Autumn Festival on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month.
T: You?ve done a good job, boys and girls! You have named so many festivals. I?m proud of you for you are so well-informed. Look at the screen and I?ll show you a table:
Step III Speaking 2
T: Ok! We have got lots of information about Chinese festivals. Would you like to
know something about some foreign festivals?
Ss: Yes! Of course!
T: What?s the most important festival in western countries?
Ss: Christmas!
T: That?s right! Please look at the pictures on page 31, and then match the festivals with the descriptions. If you know some information about the festivals, please talk about them with your partners.
S1: Christmas is both a legal and religious holiday, which observes the anniversary of the birth of Jesus. All states and all those of the Christian faith celebrate this holiday on which people give each other presents and best wishes while the children believe that the presents come from Father Christmas. So I think the first description can be matched with the festival of Christmas.
S2: Yes. I can’t agree with you more. I guess Holi is a festival with color, which marks the beginning of spring in India. That’s because the people in the picture are colored heavily. But I know no more about it.
T: That?s Ok. The festival of Holi is celebrated on the day after the full moon in early March every year. Apart from the usual fun with colored powder and water, Holi is marked by vibrant processions that are accompanied by folk songs, dances and a general sense of abandoned vitality. Who?d like to say something else about other festivals and their descriptions?
S3: There is so much delicious food on Thanksgiving Day, so it must be when Americans remember the hard times when they first arrived in the country. T: The food is turkey(火鸡), corn and pumpkin pies(南瓜派). Thanksgiving Day is a traditional American festival on the fourth Thursday in November, when families get together and have a big dinner. How about the next one?
S4: Judging from the pictures, there are two festivals for which people love wearing special clothes. So I’m not sure which one is suitable for the description.
S5: Have you paid attention to the fifth description? I’m sure Halloween(万圣节) is the festival at the end of October, when “ghosts”come out, for it’s said that witches
(女巫) ride through the air on broomstick.
T: Yes! Halloween is a time to have fun and it comes on October 31st. It?s one of the most favorite holidays for children. Parties are very popular, too. People wear scary clothes and masks(面具), for example, dress up like a witch(巫婆).
S6: Then for Carnival people love wearing special clothes and it seems that people usually dress up and wear a mask at this festival.
T: That?s true. People walk on the street wearing masks, doing what they want to do without being recognized. Look at the picture lower in this page. What is the person wearing?
S7: The person is wearing so special clothes and a mask that it’s hard to say it is male or female.
T: Have you ever dressed up in special clothes?
Ss: No. At the Spring Festival we usually wear beautiful and new clothes but there are no special clothes. Maybe the Chinese minorities wear special clothes on their festivals.
T: Yes. As we all know, different countries have different culture and social customs. Then what do you usually do during festivals? Let?s come to part four of this page, and please check out the thing you do.
S8: We eat special food at different festivals. For example, on Mid-Autumn Day we usually eat moon cakes and other delicious food, Zongzi is the traditional food for the Dragon Boat Festival and jiaozi for the Spring Festival.
S9: We give and receive gifts, have holidays from school and enjoy ourselves with friends and family at the Spring Festivals. On Lantern Festival and the Dragon Boat Festival we take part in different traditional ceremonies, such as enjoying displayed lanterns, rowing dragon boats and so on. S10: We sometimes dance and listen to music at festivals, but usually we enjoy all kinds of entertainment programs.
T: I am very proud of you because you know so much about festivals at home and abroad.
Step IV Everyday English
Expressing likes, dislikes and preferences.
T: Now please turn to page 37. Let?s come to the function of this module. Task 2: Number the phrases from the most negative (1) to the most positive (6).
Ss: In my opinion, No.1 should be “I hate it”; No. 2 should be “I don?t think much of it”; the third one should be “It?s OK”; next might be “I quite like it”; the fifth one “I really like it”; the most positive one must be “I love it”.
T: Yes. What you said is quite right. Now please work in pairs and discuss your preferences for food to eat at festivals, using the phrases in Activity 2 of page 37 and following the example.
Sa: Do you like pork?
Sb: Yes, I do. I really like it, especially the dumplings with pork. How about you? Sa: No, I don’t. I don’t think much of it. I prefer chicken to pork.
...
Step V Summary and homework
T: Boys and girls you did very well today. We have talked about festivals around the world, so I believe all of us have broadened our horizon. Here is your homework today:
1. If you have a chance to decide a new holiday that is most likely to be necessary in your opinion, please create a new holiday and give your reasons.
2. Do Everyday English on page 37.
The Second Period Reading
Teaching goals教学目标
1. Target language目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
carnival, Christian, ghost, costume, confusion, firearm, empire, memory, council, elegant, magic,hide, extend, pretend, book (v.), revive, wander, come to an end, dress up
b. 重点句式
The sounds and sights change from ... to another but ... is the same...
As time passed, however, so that it...
For weeks on end people walked round the street wearing masks, doing what wanted
without being recognized.
Ordinary people could pretend to ..., while famous people could have romantic... Many crimes went unpunished.
If they broke the laws, they were put in prison for up to two years.
2. Ability goals能力目标
Enable the students to talk about the origins of carnivals and two different kinds of carnivals.
3. Learning ability goals学能目标
Help the Ss learn how to talk about the development of carnivals.
Teaching important points教学重点
Get to know the customs of carnivals.
Teaching methods教学方法
Fast reading, task-based method && discussion.
Teaching aids教具准备
A computer, a projector and a tape recorder.
Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式
Step I Revision
Check the students? homework —creating a new holiday.
T: Boys and girls, as we all know, all the festivals are created for certain reasons and needs. I have given you the opportunity to create a new holiday. Now it?s time for you to present your holiday and give us your reasons. Who?d like to tell us your creation? Sa: In my opinion, the new holiday should be Nature Day. It should be celebrated on March 13th, when people should persuade the people around to protect environment and wildlife by delivering papers and giving lectures and no pollution or destruction of nature is allowed. I think this is the most necessary because our surroundings are being polluted faster than nature and man’s present effort can prevent it and it is high time we did what we could to protect our home.
Sb: I think the new holiday should be Peace Day. On this day, no fighting or conflicts are allowed. People will learn and talk about peace and send olive (橄榄枝) and doves. That’s because the world is full of wars, killings and terrorism and some
countries start wars in the name of freedom and democracy, so many people died, many are homeless and the world economy is influenced. On the country, most people long for peace.
Sc: In my personal opinion, the new holiday should be Relaxation Day, when people can do what they want to, as long as they don’t break the law. As most of us, old and young, live a busy life under certain pressure, we need the holiday to relax ourselves and to make the friends and relatives happy.
Sd: I think the new festival should be the Students’ Day, which will be held on the first Sunday after June 9 every year. On that day no students need to study just doing what they like to without homework, without papers or orders of parents’ and teachers’. You know, we are so tired under great pressure. On June 9 the entrance exam is over, the school-leavers can hold a party to celebrate their graduation.
T: Wonderful ideas! I can?t agree with you more. We need some way to relax ourselves indeed. There happens to be a festival called Carnival when people can do what they want to without being recognized. Would you like to know more about it? Ss: Yes.
T: OK. Let?s come to the passage on page 32. Please skim through the passage and then check the topics it mentions. This time, read just for the general ideas of the passage. Six minutes for you to complete the 450 words.
Step II Revision
T: I think you must know something about Carnival. Carnival is a traditional time of celebration before the Christian season of Lent. Lent is a forty-day period of spiritual renewal before the holiday of Easter. Carnival ends with a wild celebration on Mardi Gras, the Tuesday before the start of Lent. Each year, hundreds of thousands of people gather in the city. They enjoy a series of lively parties and parades. Carnival today is an international, multicultural experience. It has become a celebration of life itself. But how did it become so? And do you know what the symbol of Carnival is?
Ss: People always wear masks at Carnival. But I want to know why people wear masks at carnival. ...
T: Today we are going to learn more about Carnival. Now please read The Magic of
the Mask and then answer my questions.
Skimming
Ask the Ss to skim through the questions and then read the text silently. Get the Ss comprehend the passage quickly and accurately and at the same time help them to form a good habit of reading. Show the questions on the screen.
1. What do you think of when you think of carnival?(We think of crowds, costumes, masks, and confusion.)
2. Where and why does the word “carnival” come from? Where does Carnival originate from? What did people see Carnival as? (“Carnival”comes from two Latin words, meaning “no more meat”. In Europe, where it began, carnival was followed by forty days without meat, as people prepared for the Christian festival of Easter. People saw Carnival as a last chance to have fun at the end of the winter season. Having fun meant eating, drinking, and dressing up.)
3. How was the Carnival in Venice?(It was the most famous carnival in Europe. The first carnival in Venice lasted for just one day. As time passed, the carnival period was extended, so that it began just after Christmas. For weeks on end people walked round the streets wearing masks, doing what they could without being recognized.)
4. How did the different kinds of people behave in the carnival in Venice? (Ordinary people could pretend to be rich and important, while famous people could have romantic adventures in secret. Many crimes went unpunished.)
5. Why were masks banned when Venice became part of the Austrian empire, at the end of the eighteenth century? (Because the government realized that wearing masks had become a problem. Their use was limited by laws. First men were not allowed to wear masks at night, and they were not allowed to dress up as women in the fourteenth century. In later times more laws were passed. People who wore masks could not carry firearms; and no one could enter a church wearing a mask. If they broke the laws, they were put into prison for up to two years. Finally, masks were banned and carnival became just a memory.)
6. When and why was the tradition wearing masks revived? And by whom? (In the late 1970s the tradition was revived. The idea to start the carnival again came from
students. They began making masks and organizing parties, and threw bits of brightly coloured paper at tourists. The town council realized that carnival was good for business, and the festival was developed for tourists.)
7. How long and when is carnival in Venice celebrated today? (For five days in February.)
8. Is the spirit of Venice carnival the same as the great American carnivals? (No. The spirit of Venice carnival is not quite the same as the great American carnivals. If the key to Rio is music and movement, then in Venice it is the mystery of the mask. If the masks come off, the magic is lost.)
Give the Ss six minutes to look through the text, allow them to discuss with their partners encourage them to express themselves with their own words.
Step III Intensive Reading
Let the Ss have enough time to read the passage carefully this time to understand the main ideas of each paragraph and get the details.
T: Read the text loudly for a second time and then complete the sentences with the correct words and phrases. At the same time underline the important phrases and sentences and make a mark where you have problems.
Five minutes later, talk about Exercise 2 with the students, meanwhile encouraging the students to analyse some long and complex sentences.
T: Time is up. Which is the correct answer of the first sentence?
S: European.
T: Yes. How did you get the answer?
S: According to the sentence: In Europe, where it began, Carnival was followed by forty days without meat, as people prepared for the Christian festival of Easter.
T: You are quite right. Can you analyze the sentence?
S: Sure. There are two clauses in this sentence, the former used as attributive clause and the other as adverbial clause of reason.
...
T: Now it?s time for you to complete tasks 3 and 4 and then read the text once more to check your answers. After you have finished them you can also discuss them with
your partners.
Language points
In this part try to help the students to analyze the difficult, long and complex sentences and talk about the meaning of the new words and ask them to deal with the language points in the context.
T: Well, please look at the screen and I?ll show you some important sentences and phrases in the passage. Now look at these sentences and pay attention to the boldface words. I?ll ask you about their part of speech, meaning in the context and the important usages of them. Let?s talk about them together.
1. As time passed, however, the carnival period was extended, so that it began just after Christmas. P32
⑴as：when; while “当……之时”(此处表示两个渐进的动作)“随着……”As he grew older, he became less active.
As the society develops, the living conditions get better and better.
= With the development of the society, the living conditions get better and better.
⑵so that 引导结果状语从句
2. Ordinary people could pretend to be rich and important, while famous people could have romantic adventures in secret. P32
⑴pretend: make oneself appear ( to be sth., to be doing sth.) 佯装，伪装
He pretended / to be reading the book / to have read the book / to be asleep / that he was reading / when his mother came in.
⑵while “而，却”并列连词，表对比之意一般连接两个句式结构一致，而意义相对或相反的两个句子。
(04?广西35.) I do every single bit of housework ______my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.
A. since Ｂ. while Ｃ. when Ｄ. as
⑶in secret (表情况或状态) = secretly
in despair 在绝望中in poverty 在贫困中in wonder 惊奇地in public公开地in love 恋爱中in tears在哭泣in a trouble state 在烦恼in poor health健康不佳3. If they broke the laws, they were put in prison for up to two years. P33
⑴put / keep somebody in prison= send somebody to prison把某人关进监狱（无冠词）
be in / go to prison 坐牢（表动作）
go to school / church / hospital
上学/ 去做礼拜/ 去看病（表动作）
go to the school / the church / the hospital
去学校/ 去教堂/ 去医院（表地点）
at table 在吃饭（无冠词表动作）at the table在桌旁（有冠词表地点）
⑵up to = as far as 直到
up to now / then 到现在/ 那时
reach up to 多达
add up to 总计
4. The town council realized that carnival was good for business, and the festival was developed for tourists.
good: adj.有益的，有利的
e.g. be good for 对……有益
Milk is good for children.
n. 利益，好处，
e.g. do good to
Fruit does good to you.
5. If the masks come off, the magic is lost.
come off: become separated (from) （从某物上）脱落，分离，掉下
e.g. One of my buttons has come of
f.
我的一粒扣子掉了。
Step IV Listening
T: Now I will play the tape for you. You can just listen with your books closed or look at your books or read in a low voice together with the tape. It?s up to you. While listening, please pay attention to the pronunciation and intonation.
Step V Discussion
T: This text is made up of six paragraphs. Who can tell us the main idea of each
paragraph? Now you can discuss in groups.
S1: The first paragraph tells us the whole impression of Carnival.
S2: Paragraph 2 tells us the meaning of the word "carnival".
S3: Paragraph 3 tells us the most famous carnival in Europe was in Venice.
S4: Paragraphs 4 && 5 tell us the history of masks which were banned completely and the tradition was revived by students.
S5: The last paragraph tells us today's carnival in Venice.
T: Good. We know there are all kinds of festivals around the world and different festivals have different reasons. It is not difficult to understand there are common human deeds and desires that are met in different ways around the world. We should enlarge our knowledge about the social customs of the English-speaking countries and the history of festivals. We should love our colorful life and work hard to make the world more beautiful. Festivals are meant to celebrate important events. Different countries have different festivals. Here I have several questions for you to think about.
1. How does your family celebrate the Spring Festival?
2. Why do we celebrate the Spring Festival and other festivals? Do festivals help us understand our history and culture?
3. What kinds of gifts and things do people buy during major festivals like Christmas and the Spring Festival?
4. Many festivals around the world are celebrated around the same time. Why do we celebrate these festivals at these times?
Let the Ss work in groups and discuss them.
S1: Before the Spring Festival, my whole family begin to prepare for it. We are busy to have houses thoroughly cleaned, debts repaid, and new clothes purchased. On the day, we let off fire-crackers, eat dumplings, fish and meat, and my parents gives us children luck money.
S2: When we celebrate the Spring Festival, we can get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other. It lets us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our daily life for a little while. It can also help us understand our history and culture.
S3: First I want to say that we Chinese people go shopping to buy new clothes,
firecrackers, all kinds of food before the Spring Festival. And after the Spring Festival they buy wines, cakes and other gifts to visit relatives. But at Christmas people buy all kinds of colorful cards to post them to good friends and teachers to show best wishes. S4: I think many holidays celebrate the arrival of a new season or a new harvest. I think these festivals are all the international festivals to celebrate the same history and the same culture in order that we keep our international culture alive. For example, May Day is celebrated because it is the day when the working people get their legal rights.
T: That?s right. Some of the festivals like Christmas are getting to become international. Because people from all over the world love to get together to have fun with each other and enjoy life, and some to give people all over the world a warning. For example, the Environment Day is celebrated to protect the earth, water and air from pollution.
Step VI Summing up and homework
T: In this class we have learned about Carnival and the usage of some words and phrases. All right, boys and girls, that?s all for today. Here is your homework:
Go over the text after class and try to write a summary of the text (about 100 words) and retell the test according to the summary.
Underline the sentences with the passive voice in the passage.
If possible try to find out as much information as possible about festivals around the world. You can surf the Internet or refer to the books.
The Third Period Grammar
Teaching goals教学目标
1. Target language目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
era, the Christian calendar
b. 重点句子
In the late 1970s the tradition was revised by students.
Today, carnival in Venice is celebrated for five days in February.
2. Ability goals能力目标
Enable the Ss to learn to use the passive voice.
3. Learning ability goals学能目标
Let the students lean how to use the passive voice.
Teaching important points教学重点
Discovering the passive voice structures.
Teaching methods教学方法
Practicing independently & explanation.
Teaching grammar in real situations.
Teaching aid教具准备
A multiple-media computer & a blackboard.
Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式
Step I Revision
T: Good morning, class! Yesterday we learned a passage on Carnival. So I?d like some of you to introduce this festival with your books closed. You may use you own key words or refer to the summary on the slide.
The suggested key words:
1. The origins of carnival: European, followed by, prepared for, as last chance to
2. Different carnivals: in Venice, the mystery of the masks, in American, music and movement
3. Carnival in Venice: one day, limited, banned, revised, developed for tourists, masks The suggested summary:
When Carnival began in __________, people saw it the last chance to have ______. Having fun meant ______, drinking and ______. The most famous carnival was in ______. At first, it ______ for just one day. ______ time passed, the Carnival period was ______. People walking round the streets wearing ______, doing ______ they wanted without being recognized. Later, wearing masks was ______ by law. Finally, at the end of the 18th century, masks were ______ completely. But in the late 1970s, the tradition was ______ by students and the festival was ______ for tourists. Today, Carnival in Venice is ______ for five days in February. Hotels are fully ______ and
外研版高中英语必修4 全册教学设计教案
目录 Module1 Period1 Introduction Reading and Vocabulary Module1 Period2 Function Listening and Speaking Module1 Period3 Grammar Pronunciation Module1 Period4 Writing Everyday English Module2 Period1 Introduction;Reading and Vocabulary Module2 Period2 Function;Listening and Speaking Module2 Period3 using language Module2 Period4 Speaking;Writing;Everyday English Module2 Period5 Cultural Corner;Task;Module File Module3 Period1 Introduction Module3 Period2 Module3 Period3 Module3 Period4 Module3 Period5 Module4 Period1 Introduction and writing Module4 Period2 Vocabulary and Reading Module4 Period3 Function;Grammar 1，2 Module4 Period4 Listening;Pronunciation；Speaking Module5 Period1 introduction; Vocabulary and Reading Module5 Period2 Grammar;Function;Pronunciation
O v/m·s -1 t/s 4 6 2 4 6 2 课前预习案 请在课前进行预习完成下列问题 一、加速度 加速度是描述 的物理量，是一个 （标量或矢量），定义式： ，方向： ，单位： 。 练习1、下列说法正确的是： A.加速度是物体增加的速度 B.加速度反映速度变化的大小 C.加速度反映速度变化的快慢 D.加速度的方向不能由速度方向确定，要由速度变化的方向来确定 二．加速度方向与速度方向的关系 当 时，物体加速运动；当 时，物体减速运动。 加速度的正负 在变速直线运动中,若取初速度v0 的方向为正方向,则 (1) 当vt > v0 时, a>0, a 与v0 方向相同;反之也成立 (2) 当vt < v0 时, a<0, a 与v0 方向相反.反之也成立 思考：由加速度为2 /2s m 可知： ；物体将 （加速、减速或无法确定）。 三、根据v-t 图象分析加速度 通过速度――时间图象不但能够了解物体运动的速度随时间的变化情况，还能够知道物体的加速度。 如图1所示：OA 段物体做 运动，AB 段物体做 运动。 前2秒内的加速度 2s —4s 的加速度 4s —6s 的加速度 V 图1 B t A V m O
1.5加速度 【课堂探究案】 1． 探究：用什么物理量表示速度的变化快慢 加速度与速度大小有关吗？ 加速度与速度的变化量有关吗？ 加速度与速度的变化率有关吗？ 2.探究：加速度方向与速度方向的关系 例如：一个物体沿水平直线运动，考查某一段时间间隔t ?，其初速度1v 方向向右，而末速度2v 方向也向右（且12v v ?），即加速情况：那么速度矢量的变化量v ?＝2v （矢量）－1v （矢量）如何表示呢？ 那么，换一种情况：1v 、2v 同方向，但12v v ?，即减速情况。都是v ?＝2v －1v 只不过后者是负值 ３.探究：如何从ｖ－ｔ图象看加速度？速度一时间图象描述了什么问题? 例1足球以水平速度v=10m/s 击中球门横梁后以v / =8m/s 的速度水平弹回，与横梁接触的时间为0.1s ，求足球在此过程中的平均加速度？ 例2从ｖ－ｔ图象看加速度 如1—5—3图是某质点做直线运动的v 一t 图象，从图上求出各段的速度变化及加速度． 例3猎豹由静止开始起跑，经2s 的时间，速度达到70km/h, 猎豹的加速度是多大？是正值还是负值，是加速还是减速运动？ 例4列车以30m/s 的速度行驶，司机发现前方路段给出低速行驶的信号后，采取自动措施，在10s 内使列车的速度减少到10m/s ，求列车的加速度。列车是加速还是减速运动？ 课堂内容小结 课后巩固案 1关于速度和加速度的关系，下列说法中正确的是（ ） A ．速度越大，速度的变化就越大，加速度就越大 B ．速度变化越快，加速度就越大 C ．加速度方向保持不变，速度方向也保持不变 （举例：竖直上抛运动） D ．加速度大小不断变小，速度大小也不断变小 2关于速度、速度变化量和加速度，正确的说法是（ ） A.物体运动的速度改变量越大，它的加速度一定越大。 B.速度很大的物体，其加速度可以很小，可以为零。 C.某时刻物体速度为零，其加速度不可能很大。 1 v 2 v v ?1 v 2 v v ?a a
最新人教版高中政治必修一教案（全册） 课题揭开货币的神秘面纱课时 1 课型新授课 教学理解货币的其基本职能依据：高考常考点，从实际上来说， 重点现实生活中方方面面都离不开货币， 不了解的货币的职能，就不能真正懂 得货币，就无法适应现代市场经济的 需要 教学货币的本质和纸币的含义依据：货币的产生本身就是一个很复杂的 难点问题，并且纸币代替金银成为价值符号这 一知识点比较抽象，学生理解较困难， 1. 知识目标：理由：学习本框， 牢记：学生能透过现象 商品的含义及其基本属性，货币的本质；看本质，从而为其 货币的基本职能，货币的基本职能；更好地参与经济 纸币的含义及其优点，纸币的发行规律；生活，正确认识经学习 2. 能力目标：济现象；同时也能目标初步培养透过现象看商品货币本质的能力，提高正确判为其学习后续知断、识别有关商品与货币的经济现象的能力；识乃至整本教材 打下良好基础。 教具多媒体课件、教材、练习册 教学教学内容教师行为学生行为设计意图时间环节 课前抽查背诵 1.检查抽背诵 1. 认真背知识点强化记忆 3 分钟三分商品的含义及其查情况 2. 接受抽查检验考纲规定 钟基本属性，货币的 2. 评价总结抽的知识点本质；查结果 货币的基本职能； 纸币的含义及其 优点，纸币的发行
规律； 承接 1.核对自主学习 1. 巡视检查学 1. 学生自己展示验收学生 5 分钟结果中练习册的知识生完成情况，进预习习题完成情自主学习 环节点和例题答案行及时评价。况。的结果并 2.小组同学或同 2. 补充相应知 2. 其余学生互相加强记忆 桌检查识记情况识。补充并学生对所 3. 解决学生的展示习题进行评 问题，并达成共价。 识。 3. 提出质疑，相 互解答。 做议 1. 理解商品的含 1. 展示课件的 1. 学生根据课件 1. 通过丰20 分讲评义及其基本属性材料、事例和问上的问题，完成富多媒钟 环节 2. 了解货币产生题，让学生进行对材料的分析、体、材料的历史必然性思考总结和整理等展示， 3. 并从中理解货 2. 通过材料和 2. 牢记给学生直 币的本质事例进行知识商品的含义及其观的感 4. 理解货币的基点讲解基本属性，货币受，增强 本职能，并知道货 3. 指出书本中的本质；学生思考 币的其它职能；要求背的知识货币的基本职的主动 5. 理解纸币的含点能，货币的基本性。 义及其优点，知道 4. 评价总结学职能；纸币的含 2. 完成能 纸币的发行规律；生所答，并补义及其优点，纸力目标 充。币的发行规律； 3. 训练学 3. 学生以小组或生整合分 同桌为单位讨论析文本的 并总结老师提出能力。 的问题 4. 书上记录相关 补充知识点。
Unit 1 Women of achievement 1． Target language a. achieve, achievement, condition, welfare, institute, connection, campaign, organization, entertainment, inspire, support, devote ... to b. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. P2 Everybody sits and waits while the animals in the group begin to wake up and move. P2 But the evening makes it all worthwhile. P2 ... we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. P2 2． Ability goals a. Learn Warming Up, and know how to tell the great women and the famous women. b. Learn the way to describe a person from what the person did, what she/he looks like and so on. 3． Learning ability goals Teach Ss how to describe a person. Teaching important points a. By reading A protector of African wildlife, students can learn from Jane Goodall in at least two aspects: b. Ask students to answer these questions: 1) What made her a great success? 2) What should we learn from Jane Goodall? Teaching difficult points Let everyone believe that all of us can become Jane Goodall. Teaching methods Inspiration, Questioning and Discussion. Teaching aids A computer, a projector and a recorder.
求纸带的加速度及速度 一、公式：S 1-S 2=△X=aT 2 注意；△X 指的是两段位移的差值，T 代表每段时间，以为每段时间只能是相等的。同理可得，S m -S n =(m-n)aT 2 二、某段时间内中间时刻的瞬时速度等于这段时间内的平均速度：。 证明：由v t =v 0＋at 可知，经后的瞬时速度为： 1、某同学用如图10所示的装置测量重力加速度g ，打下如图11所示的纸带.如果在所选纸带上取某点为0号计数点，然后每隔4个点取一个计数点，相邻计数点之间的距离记为x1、x 2、x 3、x 4、x 5、x6. 图10 图11 (1)实验时纸带的 端应和重物相连接.(选填“A”或“B”) (2)该同学用两种方法处理数据(T 为相邻两计数点间的时间间隔)： 方法A ：由g1＝x2－x1T2，g2＝x3－x2T2，…，g5＝x6－x5T2 取平均值g ＝9.767 m/s2； 方法B ：由g1＝x4－x13T2，g2＝x5－x23T2，g3＝x6－x33T2 取平均值g ＝9.873 m/s2. 从数据处理方法看，在x1、x2、x3、x4、x5、x6中，对实验结果起作用的数据，方法A 中有 ；方法B 中有 .因此，选择方法 (填“A”或“B”)更合理.
2、在“研究匀变速直线运动的规律”实验中，小车拖纸带运动，打点计时器在纸带上打出一系列点，从中确定五个记数点，每相邻两个记数点间的时间间隔是0.1s，用米尺测量出的数据如图12所示。则小车在C点的速度V C = m/s，小车在D点的速度 V d = m/s，小车运动的加速度a =______________m/s2． 3、在做“研究匀变速直线运动”的实验中，取下一段如图所示的纸带研究其运动情况.设O点为计数的起始点，在四个连续的计数点中，相邻两计数点间的时间间隔为0.1 s，若物体做理想的匀加速直线运动，则计数点A与起始点O之间的距离x1为cm，打计数点O时物体的瞬时速度为m/s，物体的加速度为m/s2(结果均保留三位有效数字). 4、在“研究匀变速直线运动规律”的实验中，小车拖纸带运动，打点计时器在纸带上打出 一系列点，如图11所示，选定五个计数点，每相邻两个计数点间的时间间隔为0.1s，用米尺测量出的数据如图所示。则小车在C点的速度v= m/s，小车运动的加速度a m/s。（结果保留三位有效数字） 参考答案 1、解析：(1)与重物相连接的纸带一端点间距较小，故为A端. (2)从表面上看，方法A中六组数据均得到利用，实际上只用了x1和x6两组数据，而 方法B采用的是逐差法，六组数据均得到利用，故方法B更合理. 答案：(1)A(2)x1、x6x1、x2、x3、x4、x5、x6 B 2、解析；V C =S BD除以2T 解得V C =1.9 m/s V D =S CE除以2T 解得V D =2.1 m/s S BC-S AB=△X=aT2 解得a =2.0 m/s2 答案1.9 2.1 2.0
人教版高中政治必修一第二课教案 第二课多变的价格 全课概述 本课从分析影响价格的因素和价格变动对生活、生产的影响两个角度入手，让学生初步认识市场形成价格，价格反过来影响市场、引导市场的辩证关系，让学生通过感受市场、价格、生活、生产之间的相互制约、相互影响，认识价值规律及其作用等经济现象、经济规律。 本课分为2个框题：一影响价格的因素。二、价格变动的影响。 新课标要求：归纳影响价格变化的因素，理解价格变动的意义，认清价格与价值的关系，评价商品和服务价格的变化对生产、生活的影响。 新课程学习 2.1 影响价格的因素 【新课标要求】 （一）知识目标 1、识记买方市场和卖方市场、社会必要劳动时间、劳动生产率、价值规律的基本含义。 2、理解价格变动的影响、价格与价值关系、价值量与劳动生产率关系、价值规律表现形式。 3、运用有关知识解释生活中某些商品价格变动的原因，寻找并解释生活中某些处于买方市场和卖方市场的商品、服务。 （二）能力目标 1、懂得价格的不断变动是一种正常的经济现象，是市场发挥资源配置作用的表现。 2、知道价格的变动不是任意的，是围绕价值变动的，市场交易的本质和核心是等价交换。 （三）情感、态度与价值观目标 培养学生积极参与日常经济生活的自主性和独立精神，尊重他人劳动、平等待人
的精神。 【教学重点】理解供求、价值、价格之间的关系，价值规律。 【教学难点】劳动生产率与价值量的关系。 【教学方法】教师启发、引导，学生自主阅读、思考，讨论、交流学习成果。【教学过程】 （一）引入新课 教师活动：指导学生阅读教材设置的镜头一至四，并回忆生活中商品价格变动情况，提出问题：日常生活中，商品的价格是不是固定不变的？为什么？ 学生活动：通过阅读教材，回忆生活活动，得出商品价格是经常变动的结论，思考讨论它为什么变动，从而引发探究欲望和兴趣。 （二）进行新课 影响价格的因素 1、供求影响价格 教师点评：影响价格的因素很多，气候、时间、地域、生产、文化、生活习俗等，都可以引起价格变动。 因为这些因素的变化，往往会引起某种商品供应量或者需求量的变化，也就是改变供求关系，从而引起商品价格变化。供求关系是怎样引起价格变化的呢？（1）各种因素对价格的影响是通过改变商品的供求状况来实现的。 学生活动：思考问题，讨论后发言。 教师活动：引导学生讨论，并进行点评。 （2）商品供不应求，买者争相抢购，价格上涨，形成卖方市场 教师活动：引导学生阅读教材，了解卖方市场含义。 （3）商品供过于求，卖者争相出售，价格下降，形成买方市场 教师活动：引导学生阅读教材，了解买方市场含义。 教学过渡：供求变化会引起价格变动，但是，价格的涨落不是无限的，请看教材13页的例子。为什么会出现这一结论？ 2、价值决定价格 教师活动：指导学生思考，什么是商品的价格？ 学生活动：学生回答所提问题。
【加速度教学设计】 【教材选择】 普通高中课程标准实验教科书粤教版《物理》必修1，第一章第五节---《速度变化的快慢加速度》.广东教育出版社（14-16页）。【教学设计】 一．教材分析 加速度是物理教学中的一个重要概念，也是一个较难的知识点。在日常生活中，学生虽接触一些生活实例，但却少有提及这一概念，对它了解甚少。加上高一学生对抽象概念的学习还存在一定的难度，所以它就成了教学中的一个难点。 教材把本节安排到位移、时间和速度之后，同学们掌握了这些直线运动的基础再学习这一节就会相对容易。这一节的内容教学主要分为三个部分：第一部分讲授加速度概念，初步认识加速度定义、公式、单位；第二部分讲授加速度的矢量性，在学习概念的基础上，进一步学习加速度在直线运动中的矢量性；第三部分讲授加速度与速度、速度变化量的关系，更深一步学习加速度在直线运动中的变化规律和实际应用。 二．教学目标 1.知识与技能 （1）理解加速度的概念，知道加速度是表示速度变化快慢的物理量。知道它的定义、公式、符号和单位，能用加速度公式进行定量计
算。 （2）知道加速度是矢量。知道加速度与速度、速度变化量的区别和联系，会根据加速度与速度的方向关系判断物体是加速运动还是减速运动。 2.过程与方法 （1）将生活中的实际上升到物理概念，理解物理与生活的联系，初步了解如何描述运动。通过事例，引出生活中物体运动的速度存在加速和减速的现实，提出了描述物体运动速度变化的快慢，引入了加速度的必要性，激发学生学习的兴趣。 （2）帮助学生学会分析数据，归纳总结得出加速度。 3.情感态度与价值观 （1）利用生活实例激发学生的求知欲，激励其探索精神。 （2）理解加速度的意义，培养学生区分事物的能力及学生的抽象思维能力。 （3）通过加速度的教学引导学生从现实的生活经历与体验出发，激发学生的学习兴趣。 三．教学的重点和难点 1.教学重点： （1）加速度的概念及物理意义； （2）加速度是速度的变化率，它描述速度变化的快慢和方向。 （3）区别速度、加速度、速度变化量。 2.教学难点：
人教版高中英语必修4《Unit5Themeparks》教案 教学准备 教学目标 (1)阅读文章后，大部分学生能够归纳出三大主题公园的主题并列出园内的主要活动。 (2)阅读文章后，学生能够匹配图片与相应的主题公园，并恰当使用课文中的关键词汇和句型陈述理由。 (3)通过拓展阅读与小组合作，学生能够制定出一个简单的主题公园一日游计划 (4)通过本节课的学习，学生能够有较强的自信心自如陈述自己的观点。 教学重难点 (1)阅读文章后，大部分学生能够归纳出三大主题公园的主题并列出园内的主要活动。 (2)阅读文章后，学生能够匹配图片与相应的主题公园，并恰当使用课文中的关键词汇和句型陈述理由。 (3)通过拓展阅读与小组合作，学生能够制定出一个简单的主题公园一日游计划 (4)通过本节课的学习，学生能够有较强的自信心自如陈述自己的观点。 教学过程 Step1Warming-upandlead-in(5mins) (1)导入
教师提问学生“Haveyoubeentoathemepark?”与“Whatcanyoudoinathemepark?”，以此导入到本课的课题。然后通过图片介绍主题公园内常见的游乐设施，为文本阅读做好铺垫。 T:Hello,class.Todaywearegoingtotalkaboutthemeparks.First ,Iwouldliketoaskyou: ①IsourWestLakeParkathemepark?WhataboutJingqiWaterPark? ②Haveyoubeentoathemepark? ③Whatcanyoudoinathemepark? S1:Westlakeisnotathemepark.JingqiWaterParkisathemepark. S2:IhavebeentoHongkongDisneyland.Inathemeparkwecandoalot ofactivities. T:Exactly,inthethemeparkwecantakeroller-coaster,free-falldrop,swingingship,Ferriswheel,merry-go- roundandsoon.Inaword,therearevariousrideswecantakeinathemep ark.Well,whatdoes“ride”mean? S3:游乐设施 T:Yes.Hereitisanoun,meaning“供乘骑的游乐设施”. (2)揭题 教师引导学生对课文题目进行预测。 T:Withtheserides,thereisnodoubtthatwewillhavegreatfunina themepark,right?Justlikethetitleofthisarticlesuggest:Themep arks– fun.Butwhatabout“morethanfun”?Whatdoesitmeaninyouropinion? S4:“morethanfun”meansyoucanalsogetalotofinformation.
§4.2 实验：探究加速度与力和质量的关系 一、教学目标： 1、知识与技能 （1）学会用控制变量法探究加速度与力和质量之间的关系 （2）能利用纸带计算小车在运动的过程中的加速度 （3）从实验中得出加速度与力成正比，与质量成反比 2、过程与方法 （1）体验科学探究的基本步骤 （2）学会使用常见的研究方法——控制变量法 3、情感态度与价值观 （1）使学生在互相协作中，发扬团队精神 （2）培养学生尊重事实，实事求是的科学研究作风 二、教学重点、难点 1、教学重点 重点：用控制变量法探究加速度与力和质量之间的关系 2、教学难点 难点：如何平衡摩擦力 三、设计思路 本课题设计思路旨在让学生体验科学研究的基本步骤。 通过复习牛顿第一定律等已经学过的知识引出课题——探究加速度与力和质量的关系。在教师的引导下，学生通过讨论、交流，，设计实验方案，给出所需的实验器材,进行实验验证。 教学策略：通过教师的讲解和演示以及学生亲自动手操作,使学生能够相互合作,同时又有教师指导的情况下.正确处理数据,得出实验结论.体验科学探究的乐趣. 四、教学资源 演示实验器材：光滑的水平板（一端带有定滑轮）;钩码，细绳，打点计时器,学生电源,纸带,复写纸,小车. 五、教学过程 引入新课 教师提问:我们知道物体的运动状态是用速度描述的呢?那么物体运动状态改变的快慢,其实也就是支物体速度改变的快慢.我们是用加速度来描述. 那么大家想想看,影响物体速度改变的快慢的因素有哪些呢? 学生回答: 物体的质量和物体所受的力 进一步引导学生,提问:那么在其他因素相同的情况下:质量大的物体速度改变的快,还是质量小的物体速度改变的快呢? 学生通过思考,根据牛顿第一定律知道:质量是物体惯性的量度,质量大的物体惯性大,运动状态难改变. 让学生尝试利用日常生活事例说明:相同牵引力的情况下,同一辆车,空车时速度增大的快,而满载时速度增大的慢.说明其他因素相同的情况下,质量小的物体速度容易改变.也就是质量小的物体加速度大. 再次提问: 那么在其他因素相同的情况下;物体受力大速度改变的快呢?还是受力小的物体速度改变的快呢? 学生通过思考,根据生活经验:物体受力小,运动状态难改变.加速度就小.反之也成立.
教学过程 一、复习预习 1、速度的定义：位移与发生这个位移所用时间的比值。 2、速度的定义式：v= t x ?? 3、速度的单位：m/s 常用单位：km/h 、cm/s 。 4、平均速度：运动物体的位移和时间的比值叫做这段时间的平均速度。 5、定义式：v = t s ?? 二、知识讲解
考点1 一、匀变速直线运动 物体在一条直线上运动，如果在相等的时间内速度的变化相等，这种运动就叫做匀变速直线运动。 分析：怎样理解“相等的时间内速度的变化相等”？ （1）某一时刻，物体甲的速度为3m/s ，经1s 后速度为 5m/s ，又经1s 后速度为7m/s ，则这个物体每经过1s 速度增加2m/s 。 （2）某一时刻，物体乙的速度为20m/s ，经1s 后速度为15m/s ，又经1s 后速度为10m/s ，则这个物体每经过1s 速度减小5m/s 。 考点2 二、加速度 提问：上面两个实例，物体都做匀变速运动，它们的不同之处在哪？ 得出：在相等的时间内速度的变化不同。 分析：物体甲在1s 内速度增加2m/s ，2s 速度增加4m/s …；物体乙在1s 内速度减小5m/s ，2s 内速度减小10m/s …。 恒量所用时间速度的变化甲====s s m s s m s s m 3/62/41/2: 恒量所用时间速度的变化乙====s s m s s m s s m 3/152/101/5: 比较甲、乙这两个恒量可看出：比值大表示速度变化的快，比值小表示速度变化的慢。 （1）定义：在匀变速直线运动中，速度的变化和所用时间的比值，叫做匀变速直线运动的加速度。 （2）物理意义：描述速度变化的快慢。 根据上述实例，同学思考得出加速度公式。 （3）公式：t v v a 0 1-=
高中英语必修4 unit 1 a student of African wildlife 说课教案 李春莲Unit 2 Women of achievement ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRST Analysis of teaching material Analysis of the students Teaching and learning approaches Teaching procedures Teaching reflection 1.Analysis of teaching material (1)Status and function of the text The topic of this unit is women of great achievements. This period plays a very important role in the learning of this unit. It will help the Ss get to know more great women in world and how to describe people. It will be helpful for them to learn the rest of this unit.
(2).Teaching aims To get the Ss to learn something about Jane ’s research and his achievements. Knowledge aim ：Ability aim ：To develop the Ss ’reading ability and reading skills 。Emotional aim ：To learn Jane Goodall ’s bravery and perseverance in achieving his goals. To reinforce the sense of wildlife protection. 1.Analysis of teaching material (3).Important and difficult points Important points: Get the Ss to know more about Jane ’s research and his achievements.Difficult points:Enable the Ss learn to describe a person by using some key words and phrases. 1.Analysis of teaching material
物理必修一加速度教案 TTA standardization office【TTA 5AB- TTAK 08- TTA 2C】
教学过程 一、复习预习 1、速度的定义：位移与发生这个位移所用时间的比值。 2、速度的定义式：v= t x ?? 3、速度的单位：m/s 常用单位：km/h 、cm/s 。 4、平均速度：运动物体的位移和时间的比值叫做这段时间的平均速度。 5、定义式：v = t s ?? 二、知识讲解 考点1 一、匀变速直线运动 物体在一条直线上运动，如果在相等的时间内速度的变化相等，这种运动就叫做匀变速直线运动。 分析：怎样理解“相等的时间内速度的变化相等”
（1）某一时刻，物体甲的速度为3m/s ，经1s 后速度为 5m/s ，又经1s 后速度为7m/s ，则这个物体每经过1s 速度增加2m/s 。 （2）某一时刻，物体乙的速度为20m/s ，经1s 后速度为15m/s ，又经1s 后速度为10m/s ，则这个物体每经过1s 速度减小5m/s 。 考点2 二、加速度 提问：上面两个实例，物体都做匀变速运动，它们的不同之处在哪 得出：在相等的时间内速度的变化不同。 分析：物体甲在1s 内速度增加2m/s ，2s 速度增加4m/s …；物体乙在1s 内速度减小5m/s ，2s 内速度减小10m/s …。 比较甲、乙这两个恒量可看出：比值大表示速度变化的快，比值小表示速度变化的慢。 （1）定义：在匀变速直线运动中，速度的变化和所用时间的比值，叫做匀变速直线运动的加速度。 （2）物理意义：描述速度变化的快慢。 根据上述实例，同学思考得出加速度公式。 （3）公式：t v v a 0 1-= 0v ：开始时刻物体的速度；t v ：经过一段时间t 的速度。 （4）在国际单位制中加速度的单位是m/s 2 ，加速度的单位还可以是cm/s 2 。 读作：米每二次方秒，厘米每二次方秒。 让我们动手计算甲、乙两物体的加速度： （5）加速度是矢量，既有大小又有方向。 （6）加速度的方向：就是速度变化量的方向 分析：匀变速直线运动有两种形式： 匀加速运动：速度随时间均匀增加，0v v t >，a 为正，加速度方向与速度方向相同 匀减速运动：速度随时间均匀减小，0v v t <，a 为负，加速度方向与速度方向相反 这是判断物体做加、减速运动的唯一依据。 【注意】 、在运算中必须规定正方向，通常以初速方向为正方向。则与正方向同向的物理量取为正，与正方向相反的物理量取为负。 、速度变化量Δv=v-v 0的运算一定是末速v 减去初速v 0。 、要注意分析加速度的方向及计算结果中的正、负符号的物理意义。 3、平均加速度 （1）、物理意义：粗略地描述物体在某段时间△t 内的平均速度变化快慢程度。 （2）、定义：速度变化量与发生这一所用变化所用时间的比值，叫做物体在这段时间（或这段位移）内的平均加速度。 （3）、定义式： （4）、 矢量性：平均加速度是矢量，与该段时间内的速度变化量方向相同。 4、瞬时加速度 （1）、定义： 运动物体在某一时刻（或某一位置）的加速度。
篇一：人教版高中政治必修1高上全册全套教案教学设计 篇二：人教版高中政治必修1教案 人教版高中政治必修1精品教案全集 第一章神奇的货币全章概述 本章从学生最熟悉的商品、货币入手，让学生初步认识货币的产生、本质、基本职能、纸币、信用工具、外汇等经济现象及相关经济知识。让学生通过感受生活提高认识、分析经济现象的能力。在教学过程中，要引导学生注意学习和领会政治学研究问题的思想和方法，这对今后的学习是十分重要和有益的。 本章可分为2个框题 一、揭开货币的神秘面纱二、信用工具和外汇 新课标要求分析货币在商品交换中的作用及其基本职能；解释几种常见的信用工具的用途；理解金钱在现代经济生活中的意义。新课程学习 1.1 揭开货币的神秘面纱 ★新课标要求（一）知识目标1、识记货币的本质、基本职能、价格、纸币等概念。 2、理解货币产生的必然性、两种基本职能的原因与区别、商品流通的含义、纸币与货币的关系、纸币发行规律。 3、运用货币知识说明如何正确对待金钱。 （二）能力目标1、从具体材料入手，逐步学会从感性到理性，从现象到本质的能力。 2、用纸币知识认识假币的违法性，提高辨别假币的能力。 （三）情感、态度与价值观目标 确立与市场经济相适应的商品货币观念，树立正确地金钱观，正确地认识金钱、使用金钱。★教学重点理解货币的本质及其基本职能、纸币。 ★教学难点纸币。 ★教学方法教师启发、引导，学生自主阅读、思考，讨论、交流学习成果。 ★教学建议本框题是经济生活的入口课，涉及的新概念、新原理较多，知识容量较大，学生理解起来有比较大的难度，建议用2课时时间学习。 ★教学过程（一）引入新课 教师活动：指导学生回顾、讨论，日常生活中衣食住行等活动都离不开金钱，提出问题：金钱就是经济学中的货币，本节课将从货币的产生与本质、货币的职能、纸币等方面去了解货币，从而揭开货币的神秘面纱。学生活动：通过教师引导，回忆生活活动，感知生活离不开金钱，从而引发探究欲望和兴趣。 （二）进行新课揭开货币的神秘面纱 1、货币的本质 教师活动：指导学生仔细阅读第一段，同时提出问题：要了解货币，首先要了解商品。（1）、商品及其价值商品是用来交换的劳动产品。 教师活动：引导学生讨论，是不是一切物品都是商品？什么样的东西才能成为商品？ 学生活动：思考p2两个问题，讨论后作出进行点评。 商品必须是劳动产品，不是劳动产品不叫商品；劳动产品只有用来交换才是商品。 教师活动：商品既然是劳动产品，它里面就消耗了人类劳动，凝结在商品中的人类劳动叫商品的价值。 （2）、货币的产生与本质 教师活动：指导学生思考，购买商品是需要货币的，商品和货币是不是一起产生的？ 学生活动：学生就所提问题展开讨论，并发表见解， 教师活动：针对学生的见解作点评，对学生可能提出的问题进行解答。 货币的产生比商品晚的多，是商品交换发展到一定阶段的产物。 教师活动：指导学生阅读课本，了解货币的产生过程，并思考p3三个思考题。 学生活动：阅读课本，讨论问题。
人教版新课标普通高中◎物理① 必修 1 1.5 速度变化快慢的描述——加速度 教案 A 备课资源 1. 加速度与糖尿病患者 前不久，一名由昆明飞往武汉的旅客，刚下飞机就一头栽倒在候机楼大厅门口，昏了过去。由于患者系独自外出，身边没有同伴，病史无从询问，给诊断救护工作带来非常大的困难，在医护人员的努力下，终于明确诊断其为病死率十分高（40％～70％的死亡率）的“糖尿病高渗性昏迷”，经过抢救患者才脱离危险。这是怎么回事呢？ 原来，该患者平常仅出现多饮多尿，并没发现自己患有糖尿病。在乘机前几天一直腹泻，在飞机上由于晕机发生剧烈呕吐，从而导致身体严重脱水。我们知道，在飞机起飞和降落以及气流导致的飞机颠簸时，人体会出现一定程度的重力和加速度作用的变化。实验证明，在加速度作用下，血糖浓度升高，糖原含量降低。动物试验证明，在高空气压降低缺氧时，糖的异生作用增强，血糖升高。患者在以上多因素的作用下，血糖较正常高出近5倍，从而出现高渗性昏迷，差点危及生命。 因此，糖尿病患者在选择航空旅行时一定要多加注意。 2. 冲击性加速度或过载对全身作用的机制 冲击性加速度或过载对人体的影响与持续性加速度不同，它主要不是引起血液动力学改变，而是引起疼痛，短暂意识丧失和各种机械性损伤，如组织器官变形、撕裂及破坏等，严重时可致死亡。其影响的程度除了与冲击过载峰值、作用时间、过载速率3个基本参数有关外，还与过载作用的方向、人的体位、束缚状况等因素有关。 载人飞船在各个不同的飞行阶段中，加速度的变化很大。火箭起飞时，加速度很小，随着火箭不断上升，推进剂逐渐消耗，加速度就越来越大，在火箭熄火瞬间达到最大值。在飞船返回时，脱离轨道，再入大气层时，又将遇到巨大的峰值减速度。在加速度或减速度值超过一个重力加速度（g =9.8m/s 2）时，因惯性力而受到很大的过载，人变重了，这种现象称为超重。60年代的载人飞船，在上升段的最大加速度是8g ，返回舱的最大减速度约10g 。超重对人体的影响与它的作用方向有关。在飞船上升时，主要影响是头部血压降低，下肢血压升高，视觉减退。返回舱进入大气层时，会导致航天员头部充血。 教学目标 一、知识与技能 1.理解加速度的概念，知道加速度是表示速度变化快慢的物理量，知道它的定义、公式、符号和单位。 2.知道加速度是矢量，能判断加速直线运动和减速直线运动的加速度方向，理解变速直线运动加速度正负的意义。 3.知道加速度的定义式v a t ?=?，知道加速度方向始终跟速度的改变量的方向一致，知道加速度跟速度改变量的区别。
(完整版)人教版高中 英语必修4全册教案-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
Unit 1 Women of achievement 1． Target language a. achieve, achievement, condition, welfare, institute, connection, campaign, organization, entertainment, inspire, support, devote ... to b. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. P2 Everybody sits and waits while the animals in the group begin to wake up and move. P2 But the evening makes it all worthwhile. P2 ... we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. P2 2． Ability goals a. Learn Warming Up, and know how to tell the great women and the famous women. b. Learn the way to describe a person from what the person did, what she/he looks like and so on. 3． Learning ability goals Teach Ss how to describe a person. Teaching important points a. By reading A protector of African wildlife, students can learn from Jane Goodall in at least two aspects: b. Ask students to answer these questions: 1) What made her a great success? 2) What should we learn from Jane Goodall? Teaching difficult points Let everyone believe that all of us can become Jane Goodall. Teaching methods Inspiration, Questioning and Discussion. Teaching aids A computer, a projector and a recorder. 2
最新人教版高中政治必修一教案（全册共158页） 第一课神奇的货币 第一框揭开货币的神秘面纱 1．知道商品的含义和基本属性。2.了解商品交换的发展过程。3.理解货币的本质。4.理解货币的基本职能，知道货币的其他职能。5.理解纸币的优点，知道纸币的发行量必须以流通中所需要的货币量为限度。重点：货币在商品交换中的职能和作用。难点：纸币的特点及其发行规律。 [基础·初探] 一、货币的本质 1．商品 (1)含义：用于交换的劳动产品。 (2)基本属性：商品是使用价值与价值的统一体。 2．货币 (1)产生：货币是商品交换发展到一定阶段的产物。 (2)产生的原因：生产力和社会分工的发展。 (3)含义：从商品世界中分离出来固定地充当一般等价物的商品。 (4)本质：一般等价物。 二、货币的基本职能
1．货币职能的含义：货币在经济生活中所起的作用，是货币本质的体现。2．价值尺度 (1)含义：货币所具有的表现和衡量其他一切商品价值大小的职能。 (2)价格：通过一定数量的货币表现出来的商品价值。 3．流通手段 (1)含义：货币充当商品交换媒介的职能。 (2)商品流通：以货币为媒介的商品交换。其公式是：商品－货币－商品。4．货币的其他职能：贮藏手段、支付手段和世界货币等。 三、纸币 1．产生：金银条块→铸币→不足值的铸币→纸币。 2．地位：纸币成了世界各国普遍使用的货币。 3．含义：当今，纸币是由国家(或某些地区)发行并强制使用的。 4．发行规律：纸币的发行量必须以流通中所需要的货币量为限度。 [预习·提升] 1．判断 (1)商品和货币是一对孪生兄弟，是同时产生的。(×) (2)有使用价值的东西，不一定有价值。(√) (3)当金银充当一般等价物时，就成了货币。(×) (4)货币的基本职能是价值尺度和支付手段。(×) (5)商品交换就是商品流通。(×) (6)国家有权发行纸币，也有权规定纸币的实际购买力。(×) 2．选择 对于纸币的发行，下列理解正确的是：①②③ ①国家不可以任意发行纸币 ②纸币的发行量必须以流通中所需要的货币量为限度 ③纸币是由国家(或某些地区)发行并强制使用的 ④纸币发行量越多越有利于提高人民的生活水平 先思考再核对答案
人教版必修一《实验探究加速度与力质量的》WORD 教案2
教学活动 [新课导入] 利用多媒体投影图4—2—1； 分组定性讨论 组I：物体质量一定，力不同，物体加速度有什么不同? 组2：力大小相同，作用在不同质量的物体上，物体加速度有什么不同? 师：请组1的代表回答一下你们讨论的结果． 组1生：当物体质量一定时，物体的加速度应该随着力的增大而增大． 师：请组2的代表回答你们组讨论的问题， 组2生：当力大小相同时，物体质量越大，运动状态越难以改变，因此质量越大， 加速度越小． 师：物体运动状态改变快慢取决于哪些因素?定性关系如何? 生l：应该与物体的质量和物体所受的力有关系．力越大，加速度越大；质量越 大，加速度越小． 生2：那个地点指的力应该是物体所受的合力，以上图为例，物体所受的重力和 支持力相等，不参与加速度的提供． 师：刚才进行多媒体演示时一次是固定力不变，一次是固定质量不变，如此做有 什么好处呢? 生：方便我们的研究． 师：这是研究多个变量之间关系的专门好的方法，我们把它称作操纵变量法．我 们往常在什么地点学到过这种方法? 生1：在初中我们在探究物体的密度与质量、体积之间的关系时 生2：在研究电流与电压、电阻的关系时． 师：好，我们这节课就用这种方法进行探究加速度和力、质量之间的关系． [新课教学] 一、加速度与力的关系 师：设计一个实验，保持物体的质量不变，测量物体在各个不同的力的作用下的 加速度，分析加速度与力的关系．大伙儿分组讨论同时每组设计一个实验方案，并说 明实验的原理． 分组讨论 组l生1：我们是依照课本上的参考案例设计实验的(在投影仪上展现实验装置如 图4—2—2)． 学生活动