2013年10月英语阅读二真题

2013年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试卷（课程代码00015）本试卷共8页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。

考生答题注意事项：1．本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。

答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。

2．第一部分为选择题。

必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。

3．第二部分为非选择题。

必须注明大、小题号。

使用0. 5毫来黑色字迹签宇笔作答。

4．合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。

第一部分选择题一、阅读判断（第1-10题，每题1分，共10分）下面的短文后刊出了10个句子，请报据短文内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。

在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。

未涂、错涂、多涂或少涂均无分。

Farms Appear in CitiesWhen you hear the word‘‘farm”, you may imagine the countryside with cows and crops.（1）But scientists say the farms of the future could be built in tall buildings in some large cities.It may be difficult to believe but in fact the technology for growing crops indoors already exists. Farming in the city is already happening. （2）Some vegetables are already grown in greenhouses. Even the scientists at the South Pole research station can enjoy fresh vegetables they grow in their own greenhouse.（3）Experts say indoor farming solves many problems. First, traditional farmingtakes up a lot of land. Growing crops in tall buildings-called vertical farming（垂直农业）can solve the problem.（4）Also, and vegetables grown indoors would not face serious threats from insects and bad weather.（6）Though vertical farms don't exist yet, experts have created a plan for recycling in such farms. The water from indoor fish ponds would be used to water crops. Gases from crop waste would be used to heat the building. Waste from chicken or pigs would be reused as a source of energy.（7）But experts believe vertical farming is not going to be easy.（8）They say it can be difficult to control climate conditions indoors. Besides, plants differ in their weather and lighting needs.（9）For example. Some plants like warm, sunny weather, but other plants prefer cooler temperatures.T hat’s not to say these difficulties won’t be overcome—but it will take time. Most experts suggest it may take about 5 to 15 years before the first vertical farms could be created.（10）1.The word “farm” may make you think of the countryside.A.TrueB. FalseC. Not Given答案：A解析：根据第一段第一句“When you hear the word “farm”, you may imagine the countryside with cows and crops.”关键词“imagine the countryside”，可知看到农场这个词会想起乡村。

2013年10月真题解析2013年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试卷真题解析（课程代码00015）本试卷分为选择题和非选择题两部分，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。

第一部分为选择题。

考生必须在“答题卡”上按要求填涂作答。

第二部分为非选择题。

第一部分选择题一、阅读判断（第1—10题，共10分）短文后列出10个句子，根据短文内容判断每个句子。

A是正确，B是错误，C是文中未提及。

Farms Appear in CitiesWhen you h ear the word “farm”, you may imagine the countryside with cows and crops. But scientists say the farms of the future could be built in tall buildings in some large cities.It may be difficult to believe, but in fact, the technology for growing crops in doors already exists. Farming in the city is already happening. Some vegetables are already grown in greenhouses. Even the scientists at the South Pole research station can enjoy fresh vegetables they grow in their own greenhouse.Experts say indoor farming solves many problems. First, traditional farming takes up a lot of land. Growing crops in tall buildings — called vertical farming（垂直农业）— can solve the problem. Also, fruits and vegetables grown indoors would not face serious threats from insects and weather.Though vertical farms don’t exist yet, experts have created a plan for recycling in such farms. The water from indoor fish ponds would be used to water crops. Gases from crop waste would be used to heat the building. Waste from chicken or pigs would be reused as a source of energy.But experts believe vertical farming is not going to be easy. They say it can be difficult to control climate conditions indoors. Besides, Plants differ in their weather and lighting needs. For example, some plants like warm, sunny weather, but other plants prefer cooler temperatures.That’s not to say these difficulties won’t be overcome —but it will take time. Most experts suggest it may take about 5 to 15 years before the first vertical farms could be created.【参考译文】农场出现在城市里（城中农场）当听到“农场”一词，你可能联想到乡下的母牛和庄稼等等。

2013 Text 1（英语⼆）在美国制造In an essay, entitled "Making It in America," the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern has been automated:The average mill has only two employees today, "a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines."Davidson's article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment anddeclining middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the , but it is also because of the advances in both globalization and the revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or .In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job, could earn an average lifestyle.But, today, average is officially over. Being average just won't earn you what it used to.It can't when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation, and cheap genius.Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra, their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.textile mill 亚当·戴维森《在美国制造》⼀⽂中提到，南部种棉地区的⼀个笑话，内容涉及现代纺织⼚⾃动化的程度：如今的普通⼯⼚只有两个雇员，“⼀个⼈外加⼀条狗。

2013考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（二）第1篇In an essay, entitled “Making It in America,” the author Adam Davidsonrelates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated:The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog.The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appearedmaking the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes todayis largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession,but it is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution,which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job, could earn an average lifestyle.But, today, average is officially over. Being average just won’t ear n you what it used to.It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor,cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius.Therefore, everyone needs to find their extratheir unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will.But there’s been an acceleration.As Davidson notes, “In the 10 years ending in 2009, US factories shed workers so fastthat they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years;roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs--about 6 million in total--disappeared.”There will always be change —new jobs, new products, new services.But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution,the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment,but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I. Bill for the 21st centurythat ensures that every American has access to post-high school education.亚当·戴维森《在美国制造》一文中提到南部种棉地区的一个笑话，内容涉及现代纺织厂自动化的程度：如今的普通工厂只有两个雇员，“一个人外加一条狗。

2013年10月自考英语二试题及答案绝密★启用前0032013年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试卷（课程代码00015）本试卷共8页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。

考生答题注意事项：1．本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。

答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。

2．第一部分为选择题。

必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。

3．第二部分为非选择题。

必须注明大、小题号。

使用0. 5毫来黑色字迹签宇笔作答。

4．合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。

第一部分选择题一、阅读判断（繁1-10题，每题1分，共10分）下面的短文后刊出了10个句子，请报据短文内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A：如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B：如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。

在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。

未涂、错涂、多涂或少涂均无分。

Farms Appear in CitiesWhen you hear the word‘‘farm”, you may imagine the countryside with cows and crops.（1）But scientists say the farms of the future could be built in tall buildings in some large cities.It may be difficult to believe but in fact the technology for growing crops indoors already exists. Farming in the city is already happening. （2）Some vegetables are already grown in greenhouses. Even the scientists at the South Pole research station can enjoy fresh vegetables they grow in their own greenhouse.（3）Experts say indoor farming solves many problems. First, traditional farming takes up a lot of land. Growing crops in tall buildings-called vertical farming（垂直农业）can solve the problem.（4）Also, and vegetables grown indoors would not face serious threats from insects and bad weather.（6）Though vertical farms don't exist yet, experts have created a plan for recycling in such farms. The water from indoor fish ponds would be used to water crops. Gasesfrom crop waste would be used to heat the building. Waste from chicken or pigs would be reused as a source of energy.（7）But experts believe vertical farming is not going to be easy.（8）They say it can be difficult to control climate conditions indoors. Besides, plants differ in their weather and lighting needs.（9）For example. Some plants like warm, sunny weather, but other plants prefer cooler temperatures.That’s not to say these difficulties won’t be overcome—but it will take time. Most experts suggest it may take about 5 to 15 years before the first vertical farms could be created.（10）1.The word “farm” may make you think of the countryside.A.TrueB. FalseC. Not Given答案：A解析：根据第一段第一句“When you hear the word “farm”, you may imagine the countryside with cows and crops.”关键词“imagine the countryside”，可知看到农场这个词会想起乡村。

Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America,” the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession, but it is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job, could earn an average lifestyle. But, today, average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra –their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes, “In the 10 years ending ingains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs – about 6 million in total –disappeared.”There will always be change – new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I. T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G. I. Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to post-high school education.1.The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate .[A]the impact of technological advances[B]the alleviation of job pressure[C]the shrinkage of textile mills[D]the decline of middle-class incomes2.According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to .[A]work on cheap software[B]ask for a moderate salary[C]adopt an average lifestyle[D]contribute something unique3.The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that .[A]gains of technology have been erased[B]job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C]factories are making much less money than before[D]new jobs and services have been offered4.According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is.[A]to accelerate the I. T. revolution[B]to ensure more education for people[C]to advance economic globalization[D]to pass more bills in the 21st century5.Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A]New Law Takes Effect.[B]Technology Goes Cheap.[C]Average Is Over.[D]Recession Is Bad.Text 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and who would make some money and then go home. Between 1908 and 1915, about 7 million people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or brand them as aliens to be kicked out. That framework has contributed mightily to our broken immigration system and the lon g political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas. They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them. They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions andidentities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle. Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes, including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.6.“Birds of passage” refers to those who .[A]stay in a foreign country temporarily[B]leave their home countries for good[C]immigrate across the Atlantic[D]find permanent jobs overseas7.It is implied in Paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US.[A]needs new immigrant categories[B]has loosened control over immigrants[C]should be adapted to meet challenges[D]has been fixed via political means8.According to the author, today’s birds of passage want .[A]financial incentives[B]a global recognition[C]the freedom to stay and leave[D]opportunities to get regular jobs9.The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated .[A]as faithful partners[B]with legal tolerance[C]with economic favors[D]as mighty rivals10.The most appropriate title for this text would be .[A]Come and Go: Big Mistake[B]Living and Thriving: Great Risk[C]With or Without: Great Risk[D]Legal or Illegal: Big MistakeText 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclu sive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are moreunderstand their biases – or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation: two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: dogs can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. W e still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.11.The time needed in making decisions may .[A]predetermine the accuracy of our judgment[B]prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C]depend on the importance of the assessment[D]vary according to the urgency of the situation12.Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions .[A]can be associative[B]are not unconscious[C]can be dangerous[D]are not impulsive13.To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions, we should .[A]trust our first impression[B]think before we act[C]do as people usually do[D]ask for expert advice14.John Gottman says that reliable snap reactions are based on .[A]critical assessment[B]“thin sliced” study[C]adequate information[D]sensible explanation15.The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is .[A]tolerant[B]optimistic[C]uncertain[D]DoubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family-friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe’s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male. Indeed, women hold only 14 per cent of positions on European corporate boards.The European Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women – up to 60 per cent. This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, European Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goals of 40 per cent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate ladder fairly as they balance work and family?“Personally, I don’t like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But I like what the quotas do.” Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding’s reluctance –and her frustration. I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, governance by the capable. But, when one considers the obstacles to achieving theordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as well as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top positions –no matter how much “soft pressure” is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power – as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook –they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate public policies were in place to help all women – whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers – and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.16.In the European corporate workplace, generally .[A]women take the lead[B]men have the final say[C]corporate governance is overwhelmed[D]senior management is family-friendly17.The European Union’s intended legislation is .[A]a reflection of gender balance[B]a response to Reding’s call[C]a reluctant choice[D]a voluntary action18.According to Reding, quotas may help women .[A]get top business positions[B]see through the glass ceiling[C]balance work and family[D]anticipate legal results19.The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of .[A]skepticism[B]objectiveness[C]indifference[D]approval20.Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of .[A]more social justice[B]massive media attention[C]suitable public policies[D]greater “soft pressure”。

2013考研英语(yīnɡ yǔ)阅读真题：考研英语（二）第2篇A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic inclued settlers and sojourners.Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay,and who would make some money and then go home.Between 1908 and 1915, about 7 millin people arrived while about 2 million departed.About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for exanmle, eventually returned to Italy for good.They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage. Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants.We divide nemcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad.We hail them as Americans in the making, or brand them as aliens fit for deportation.That framework has contributed mightily to our broken immigrantion system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it.We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories.We need to look beyond strick definitions of legal and illegal.To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas.We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers,home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage.They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas.They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them.They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease.We need them to imagine the United States as a placewhere they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever.We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle.Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle groundand understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes.Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.一个世纪前，来自大西洋的移民包括定居者和旅居者。

2013考研英语二真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. 1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very 3 of money itself," only to 4 itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecornmunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to 10 . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime. 13 electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alterinformation 15 there. The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone else's accounts. The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C]with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention[C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trail Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cott just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two em p loyees today,” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is alsobecause of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are morerapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an averagelifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs tofind their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acce Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know forsure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers tohave more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment,but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensuresthat every American has access to poet-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______.[A] the impact of technological advances[B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills[D] the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______[A] work on cheap software[B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle[D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______[A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution[B] to ensure more education for people[C] to advance economic globalization[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] New Law Takes Effect[B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over[D] Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for g ood. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigration system and thelong political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to changthink about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among toda y’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They canmanage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26 “Birds of passage” refers to those who____.[A] immigrate across the Atlantic[B] leave their home countries for good[C] stay in a foreign temporarily[D]find permanent jobs overseas27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US ____.[A] needs new immigrant categories[B] has loosened control over immigrants[C] should be adopted to meet challenges[D] has been fixed via political means28 According to the author, today’s birds of passage want___[A] financial incentives.[B] a global recognition.[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.[D]the freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __[A] as faithful partners.[B] with economic favors.[C] with regal tolerance.[D]as mighty rivals.30 which is the best title of the passage?[A] come and go: big mistake[B] living and thriving : great risk[C] with or without : great risk[D]legal or illegal: big mistakeText 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick,hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time toassess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism oropen-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Ps at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing, Subjects expos fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housingoptions when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.on reliably only after John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” informati-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assesswe ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” longwhether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; twodays, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may____.[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C] depend on the importance of the assessment[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions____.[A] can be associative[B] are not unconscious[C] can be dangerous[D] are not impulsive33. To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions, we should____.[A] trust our first impression[B] do as people usually do[C] think before we act[D] ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on____.[A] critical assessment[B]‘thin sliced’study[C] sensible explanation[D] adequate information-speed trend is____.35. The author’s attitude toward reversing the high[A] tolerant[B] uncertain[C] optimistic[D] doubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe’s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male. Indeed, women hold only 14 percent ofpositions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certainproportion of women-up to 60 percent. This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations tosign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?“Personally, I don’t like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But i like what the quotas do. action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” accord result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understa nd Reding’s reluctance-and her frustration. I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to m belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. Bur, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position—no matter how much “soft pressure ” is pu upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain theexception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women—whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers—and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.[A] women take the lead[B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed[D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European Union’s intended legislation is ________.[A] a reflection of gender balance[B] a reluctant choice[C] a response t o Reding’s call[D] a voluntary action38. According to Reding, quotas may help women ______.[A] get top business positions[B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family[D] anticipate legal results39. The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of _________.[A] skepticism[B] objectiveness[C] indifference[D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.[A] more social justice[B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies[D] greater“soft pressure”Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)The hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with60 a week to spend, ￡40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago living on benefits. After bills, Tony has ￡130,000 a I year working in corporate communications and eating at London's betfthe was earning ￡restaurants'" at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. "The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree,when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it'sstill a day-by-day thing." Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He'sfeeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging - not about eating as cheaply as you can - "there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food" - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.[A] Live like a peasant[B] Balance your diet[C] Shopkeepers are your friends[D] Remember to treat yourself[E] Stick to what you need[F] Planning is everything[G] Waste not, want not41._____________________Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42____________________________________________________________This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come in handy. With them, there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in the supermarket chiller.43_________You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that's not good enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to "go off' will be cooked or juiced.44___________________________________Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers, delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, They will let you have for free.45__________________You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few21 -months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant - ￡1.75 a week for three months gives you ￡16.95 there - or ￡12.99 for amore than" enough for a three-course lunch at Michelin-starred Arbutus. It's ￡large pizza from Domino's: I know which I'd rather eat.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15 points)I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even the day of the week. I’ve been able to do this since I was four.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs my mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away reatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everyone does- try to put it to one side. I don’t think it’s harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful m make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I feltHair opened on thewhen we went to the hospital the day before. I also remember that the musical playBroadway on the same day- they both just pop into my mind in the same way.Section IV Writing47. Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale foe kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to1) inform them about the details and encourage them to participate .ess.(10 points)2) Don’t use your own name, use “Li Ming” instead. Don’t write your addr48 write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1)interpret the chart and2)give your commentsYou should write about 150 words1．【答案】A（However）【解析】空前作者讲到“鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入非现金社会,实现完全电子支付。

2013 Text 3（英语⼆）快速决策Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds.But we need more time to assess other factors.To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five.It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren't exclusive to the interpersonal realm.Psychologists at the found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating.We unconsciously associate with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we're doing.科学家已经发现：虽然我们易于快速地做出过度反应，但是如果我们花点时间考虑⼀下我们可能做出的反应，就可以减少，甚⾄是消除我们快速、本能的反应所带来的消极影响。

2013 Text 2（英语⼆）设想⼀个新的移⺠政策A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners.Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and who would make some money and then go home.Between 1908 and 1915, about 7 million people arrived while about 2 million departed.About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to for good.They even had an affectionate nickname, "uccelli di passaggio," birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants.We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad.We hail them as Americans in the making or brand them as aliens to be kicked out.That framework has contributed mightily to our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it.⼀个世纪前，来⾃⼤⻄洋的移⺠包括定居者和旅居者。

TEXT 1In an essay（短文）entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates(叙述)a joke from cotton（棉）about just how much a modern textile（纺织品）mill（工厂）has been automated: The average（普通）mill only two employees today,” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared（出现）making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly（顽固的，顽强的）high unemployment and declining（衰退中的）middle-class（中层社会的，中产阶级的;）incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization（全球化）and the information technology revolution,（全球化与信息技术革命的进展）which are more rapidly（很快地，迅速地）than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job, could earn an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over（平常/普通已经结束）. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access（获取、使用）to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation （自动化）and cheap genius（才能）. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique（唯一的，独特的）value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration（加速）. As Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed（解雇、脱落）workers so fast that they erased（解雇，抹去）almost all the gains（获得，增加）of the previous（以前的，早先的）70 years; roughly（大概的）one out of every three manufacturing（制造业的，工业）jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially（正式的）over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I. Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate（表明、叙述）_______[A] the impact（影响）of technological advances 科技进步的影响[B] the alleviation（缓和）of job pressure（压力）工作压力的缓解[C] the shrinkage（收缩）of textile mills（纺织厂）纺织厂的萎缩[D] the decline（下降，降低）of middle-class incomes中产阶级收入的减少22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______[A] work on cheap software 开发廉价的软件[B] ask for a moderate（适中的）salary 要求适中的薪水[C] adopt（采纳，接受）an average lifestyle 过着普通的生活方式[D] contribute（贡献）something unique（独一无二的）做出特殊贡献23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains（解释）that ______[A] gains of technology have been erased 科技成就已经被抹杀[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed 工作机会以很快的速度消失[C] factories are making much less money than before 工厂比以前利润低[D] new jobs and services have been offered 新的工作和新的服务方式已经被提供24. According to the author, to reduce（减少）unemployment（失业）, the most important is_____[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution 加快IT革命[B] to ensure more education for people 确保人们受到更多的教育[C] to advance economic globalization 推进经济全球化[D] to pass more bills（法案）in the 21st century 在21世纪通过更多法案25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate（适当的，恰当的）title for the text?[A] New Law Takes Effect 新法律生效[B] Technology Goes Cheap 科技变得廉价[C] Average Is Over 平庸时代已经过去[D] Recession Is Bad衰退是糟糕的Text 2A century ago, the immigrants（移民）from across the Atlantic（大西洋，the Pacific太平洋）included settlers（移民者、殖民者）and sojourners（寄居者、旅居者）. Along with the manyfolks（人们）looking to make a permanent（永久的、永恒的）home in the United States came those who had no intention（意图，目的；intend 打算）to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed（离开）. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually（最后、最终）returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “Uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid（严格）about immigrants. We divide（划分）newcomers into two categories（分类）: legal（合法）or illegal（不合法）, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26. “Birds of passage” refers to those who____[A] immigrate across the Atlantic.[B] leave their home countries for good.[C] stay in a foregin temporaily.[D] find permanent jobs overseas.27. It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration stystem in the US____[A] needs new immigrant categories.[B] has loosened control over immigrants.[C] should be adopted to meet challenges.[D] has been fixeed via political means.28. According to the author, today’s birds of passage want___[A] fiancial incentives.[B] a global recognition.[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.[D] the freedom to stay and leave.29. The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __[A] as faithful partners.[B] with economic favors.[C] with regal tolerance.[D] as mighty rivals.30. Choose the best title.[A] come and go: big mistake.[B] living and thriving : great risk.[C] with or without : great risk.[D] legal or illegal: big mistake.。

绝密★后用前UU82013年10月高等教育白学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试卷（课程代码00015）本试卷共甘页，清分IOO分,考试时间150分钟口考生答注章事项：1本卷所有试题必氛在答腰卡上作答。

答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草fift诲。

2-搭一部分为谁择ISn必缢对应试卷上的题号使用箱笔将"答聪卡”的相应代码涂3第二部分为非选择题。

必筑注明大、小I®号，使用G5豪米廨色字逸签字峨作善。

4.合理安排答迎空间,超出答JM区域无效p第一部分选择题—■阅谈判断《第1~1。

题，群距1分，共10分）下面的短立后列蜜了m个句子,谐根据粗文的内容舛每个句子作出判断.如果该句提供的炬正确信忠，选择A,如果咳句提供的是藉腰信息，迭雄土如果该句的信息文中没有提及.选择在答堰卡相应位歪上将答案逸咬涂#.米涂.路、冬瞄少渝均无分-'电—Farms Appear in CiliesWhen you Iieai die word M（arin you may imagine the countryside with cows and crops. But scientists say Uie farms of lhe fimire roti Id he hnilt in tall buildings in some large ckic^It may be difficult to believe, but in fact, the technology for growing crops indoors already Farming in the city U filrc^dy Imppciiing. Sunm vegetables are already grown in gjeenhou^cs. Even the scientists at the South Foie research station can enjoy fresh vegetables tliey grow in dieii own gr^enhuuse.Experts say indoor farming solves inanv pivblems First, traditional farming takes up a lot of land. Crowing crops in tan builduiKS^-^callcd vcitical farming （塞直农主：）一can solve the problem. Also, fniits arwl vegernhles grown indoors would not face iuus threais （rcni tnsecis and bad weather.Though vertical fart ns don't exist yet, experts have created a plan forrecycling in such farms. The water from indoor fish ponds would be used to water crops. Gases from crop wai>tc would be L&cd to heat the building. Waste from chicken or pigs wotikl be reustul a$ a source of energy.But experts believe vertical farming is not going to be easy. They say it can be difficult to control climate condilions indoors. Besides, plains differ in their weather and lighting needs. For example, some plants like warm, sunny weather, but other plants prefer cooler temperatures.Thai's not to say these difficulties won"t be overcome—but it will fake time. Most experts suggest it may take about 5 to 15 years before the first vertical farms could be created.1. The word "farnf' iwty nikke you tliiiik of the countrys ide.A.Tme B . False C. Not Given2* It is still a dream for people to grow crops indoors.A.True B t False C, Not Given3- Scientists at the South Pole research station live a hard life.A.True B・ False C- Not Given4.Vertical farming does nor need as much land as traditional farming.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given5.Fresh fruits and vegetables are very expensive in cities.A. True B, False C- Not Giveo6.Crops grown indoors would not be badly haiined by insects.A. TrueB. False C_ Not Given7* Scientists do not know how to reuse the animal waste in vertical farms.A. TrueB. FakeC. Not Given8.Some experts say vertical farming could be ditficulE.A. True B* False C. Not Given9.Indoor phnts need the same weather and lighting.A. True B, Folse C. Not Given10.The Hist venical farms appeared 5 years ago*A. I'nte B, False C, Not Given萸语【二）试卷第w页（共s二•阅读选择（M 11-15 每贿2分，共1。

2013年考研英语（二）真题及答案详解Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. 1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very 3 of money itself," only to 4 itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecornmunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts, something thai many consumers are unwilling to 10 . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime. 13 electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information 15 there. The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone else's accounts. The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues. A further concern is that the use of e lectronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern t extile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson‟s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared maki ng the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won‟t earn you what it used to. It can‟t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there‟s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______[A] the impact of technological advances[B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills[D] the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______[A] work on cheap software[B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle[D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______[A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution[B] to ensure more education for people[C] ro advance economic globalization[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] New Law Takes Effect[B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over[D] Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic inclued settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for exanmle, eventually returned to I taly for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide nemcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigrantion system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don‟t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strick definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today‟s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26 “Birds of passage” refers to those who____[A] immigrate across the Atlantic.[B] leave their home countries for good.[C] stay in a foregin temporaily.[D] find permanent jobs overseas.27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration stystem in the US____[A] needs new immigrant categories.[B] has loosened control over immigrants.[C] should be adopted to meet challenges.[D] has been fixeed via political means.28 According to the author, today‟s birds of passage want___[A] fiancial incentives.[B] a global recognition.[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.[D] the freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __[A] as faithful partners.[B] with economic favors.[C] with regal tolerance.[D] as mighty rivals.30 .which is the most title?[A] come and go: big mistake.[B] living and thriving : great risk.[C] with or without : great risk.[D] legal or illegal: big mistake.他是一个建筑工地的工人，有一个美丽的妻子，还有一个漂亮的女儿，女儿五岁多了，很幸福的一家，为了这个家他在工地上干最脏、最累、最危险的活。

高等教育自学考试英语(二)真题2013年10月(总分：100.00，做题时间：150分钟)一、课程代码 00015(总题数：1，分数：0.00)二、第一部分：阅读判读（第1-10题，每题1分，共10分） (总题数：1，分数：10.00) Farms Appear in Cities When you hear the word “farm”, you may imagine the countryside with cows and crops. But scientists say that the farms of the future could be built in tall buildings in some large cities. It may be difficult to believe, but in fact, the technology for growing crops indoors already exists. Farming in the city is already happening. Some vegetables are already grown in greenhouses. Even the scientists at the South Pole research station can enjoy fresh vegetables they grow in their own greenhouse. Experts say indoor farming solves many problems. First, traditional farming takes up a lot of land. Growing crops in tall buildings—called vertical farming(垂直农业)—can solve the problem. Also, fruits and vegetables grown indoors would not face serious threats from insects and bad weather. Though vertical farms don’t exist yet, experts have created a plan for recycling in such farms. The water from indoor fish ponds would be used to water crops. Gases from crop waste would be used to heat the building. Waste from chicken or pigs would be reused as a source of energy. But experts believe vertical farming is not going to be easy. They say it can be difficult to control climate conditions indoors. Besides, plants differ in their weather and lighting needs. For example, some plants like warm, sunny weather, but other plants prefer cooler temperatures. That’s not to say these difficulties won’t be overcome—but it will take time. Most experts suggest it may take about 5 to 10 years before the first vertical farms could be created.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “farm” may make you think of the countryside. （分数：1.00）A.True √B.FalseC.Not Given解析：(2).It is still a dream for people to grow crops indoors. （分数：1.00）A.TrueB.False √C.Not Given解析：(3).Scientists at the South Pole research station live a hard life. （分数：1.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given √解析：(4).Vertical farming does not need as much land as traditional farming. （分数：1.00）A.True √B.FalseC.Not Given解析：(5).Fresh fruits and vegetables are very expensive in cities. （分数：1.00）A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given √解析：(6).Crops grown indoors would not be badly harmed by insects. （分数：1.00）A.True √B.FalseC.Not Given解析：(7).Scientists do not know how to reuse the animal waste in vertical farms. （分数：1.00）A.TrueB.False √C.Not Given解析：(8).Some experts say vertical farming could be difficult. （分数：1.00）A.True √B.FalseC.Not Given解析：(9).Indoor plants need the same weather and lighting. （分数：1.00）A.TrueB.False √C.Not Given解析：(10).The first vertical farms appeared 5 years ago. （分数：1.00）A.TrueB.False √C.Not Given解析：三、第二部分：阅读选择（第11-15题，每题2分，共10分）(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A Good Lesson After living in Europe for seven years, my parents decided that my family would move to the United States. We all looked forward to this. What would people think of us? For me, I hope to be the hero of the class. I was not disappointed. All my classmates admitted my experience, and I quickly became well known as “the French guy”. I was very popular for a time. However, I was not interested in many things my classmates did, and it was hard for me to connect with them. I enjoyed listening to classical music, never watched TV, and almost never watched movies.I did not have a common background with my friends because I grew up in Europe. I had few friends, and fewer good friends. When I look back now, I realize I was a bit of an idiot to many people around me. I kept talking proudly about my experience. And I thought myself better than those around me because I lived in Europe but they didn’t. I had decided I wanted better friends when my parents said that we were going to move again! I saw this as a perfect chance to get better friends, where people did not know of my unkind past. When we moved to California, I did not show off as I had done for fives years. I did not tell everyone that I lived in Europe. I still listened to classical music, but I just kept my music to myself. Sure enough, I found that people like someone who is not typical but does not boast about it. Nothing can replace good friends, and if I had to control my temper and pride, it was well worth it.（分数：10.00）(1).When I first moved to the US, I was very popular because of my ________. （分数：2.00）A.good appearanceB.outstanding talentsC.French accentD.overseas experience √解析：(2).I had few good friends partly because I ________. （分数：2.00）A.looked down upon my classmates √B.liked listening to classical musicC.never went to the moviesD.came from a very rich family解析：(3).The phrase “an idiot”(Line 2, Para. 3) most probably means ________. （分数：2.00）A.an actorB.a cheaterC.a fool √D.a loser解析：(4).When we moved to California, I stopped ________. （分数：2.00）A.boasting about my experience √B.talking about people around meC.enjoying the classical music aloneD.making friends with my classmates解析：(5).The writer would probably agree that ________. （分数：2.00）A.good friends like the same kind of musicB.friends are more important than anything else √C.similar background is the key to friendshipD.a good friend never loses his/her temper解析：四、第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子（第16-25题，每题1分，共10分）(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Dormitory Life ①Living in a dormitory at college can be a great experience. However, if you take no steps to make this experience positive, dormitory life can become a misery. When you choose to live in a college dormitory, you will have a better chance to live a colorful and meaningful life. Meanwhile, you will have to give up many things as well. ②When you live in a dormitory, you can meet many people with different interests. And you can enjoy the various services there. Both are very important to make you successful at college. But you may have to give up much of your personal space. You will share a room with someone else. This means you need to make peace with the things and people around you. ③You will have to learn some important life skills. For example, you will learn how to get along with people. You will also learn to ignore things that you can’t change. But in the future, you will find these skills very helpful when you are working in the real world. ④When you live in a dormitory, you can enjoy a wider range of campus services, which are not available to those who live off campus. If you have any school related problems, you have no difficulty finding someone to help, because the school hires people to help the students living there. ⑤Besides, living on campus means you don’t have to travel to and from school in rush hours. And you are more involved in campus life. For example, you can have a better chance to take part in the club activities and make your own contributions. If you want to live a rich campus life, living in a dormitory is your best choice. （分数：10.00）(1).A. Important life skills B. Other conveniences C. Colorful campus life D. Various campus services E. Introduction to dormitory life Paragraph①:（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.E.解析：(2).Paragraph②:（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F. √解析：(3).Paragraph③:（分数：1.00）A. √B.C.D.E.F.解析：(4).Paragraph④:（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. √E.F.解析：(5).Paragraph⑤:（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.E.F.解析：(6).A. start a new life B. losing much of your private life C. have an unhappy dormitory lifeD. many of the campus servicesE. traveling from home to schoolF. good relations with others If you make no effort, you will ________.（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √D.E.F.解析：(7).Dormitory life means ________.（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.F.解析：(8).You need to master many skills like how to keep ________.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F. √解析：(9).Those who live off campus cannot use ________.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. √E.F.解析：(10).Living on campus can save you the trouble of ________.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E. √F.解析：五、第四部分：填句补文（第26-30题，每题2分，共10分）(总题数：1，分数：10.00) Grandpa My Hero My grandfather had only one child and that was my mother. He always wanted a son but it never happened. 26 When my mom got pregnant, he thought he finally had a boy in the family, but it turned out that her first child was my other sister. When I was born, Grandpa was very happy. He was the first person to give me a baseball glove and to play baseball with me. My first glove was as small as my whole hand is now. When Grandpa gave me that glove, I was very excited.27 It was my pride and joy. When I was five, I played on my first baseball team and Grandpa was the coach. He wanted me to play one position, but I wanted to play another. 28 I tried so hard that I made good progress. Grandpa was very proud of me. Ever since then, he has worked with me to make me a better player. Grandpa has helped me become not only a better player, but a better person. 29 Today Grandpa does not play baseball with me so often, but he still comes to every practice and game. He sits and watches my practices through rain and shine. 30 I love him and hope he will be around for many more years to support me and baseball. A. I was so happy I even slept with it at my side. B. He wanted a son because he wanted to teach him to play baseball.C. I owe him all my success in baseball and in my life.D. In order to make me happy, he let me play what I wanted.E. He was named our baseball team’s number one fan by my coach.F. My grandpa is still working at a store. （分数：10.00）A.B. √C.D.E.解析：A. √B.C.D.E.F.解析：A.B.C.D. √E.F.解析：A.B.C. √D.E.F.解析：A.B.C.D.E. √F.解析：六、第五部分：填词补文（第31-40题，每题5分，共15分）(总题数：1，分数：15.00) Protecting the Few How we live our lives affects the environment. The environment is all the things around you. All across Earth, humans are 31 the environment in small and large ways. We cut down trees to build houses. We plow fields to 32 crops. We pour waste into rivers, lakes and oceans. We use larger nets and bigger boats to catch 33 numbers of fish. Activities like these affect plants and animals. They 34 affect things like the soil and water. Sometimes our actions make the number of a 35 plant or animal get larger. For example, if you planted roses in your yard, there would be more roses in your area. Our activities can also 36 to a smaller number of plants and animals. If a park were turned into an apartment building, what would happen to the plants and animals there? Well, they would 37 die or move to other 38 . There would be fewer plants and animals. Pollution and other activities sometimes cause the number of a species (物种) to become so 39 that it cannot survive. A species that is in 40 of dying out is called an endangered (濒危的)species. A. changing B. grow C. lead D. either E. huge F. places G. certain H. also I. increase J. small K. survival L. danger （分数：15.00）A. √B.C.D.E.G.H.I. J. K. L.解析：A.B. √C.D.E.F.G.H.I. J. K. L.解析：A.B.C.D.E. √F.G.H.I. J. K. L.解析：A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H. √I.J. K. L.解析：A.B.D.E.F.G. √H.I. J. K. L.解析：A.B.C. √D.E.F.G.H.I. J. K. L.解析：A.B.C.D. √E.F.G.H.I. J. K. L.解析：A.B.C.D.E.F. √G.H.I. J. K. L.A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J. √K.L.解析：A.B. √C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.L. √解析：七、第六部分：完形补文（第41-50题，每题5分，共15分）(总题数：1，分数：15.00) The Power of Language Language is something that defines (define) us as humans. When language is 41 (use) well, it can bring out very deep feelings in others, and encourage others to take 42 (act). Sometimes in poetry a certain phrase can bring 43 (tear) to the eyes and move us deeply. When we use language to express our true feeling to someone, it can open and 44 (deep) the connection between us. Language is a very 45 (power) tool. How we use language shapes our world. How we deliver self-talk 46 (direct) shapes our experience of both ourselves and the world. How we deliver 47 (communicate) shapes the way the world 48 (respond) to us. We can use language more 49 (effective). And this clearly influences the health and power of our 50 (person) relationships and business relationships.（分数：15.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：used）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：action）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：tears）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：deepen）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：powerful）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：directly）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：communication）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：responds）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：effectively）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：personal）解析：八、第七部分：短文写作（第51题，30分）(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1. 请根据所提供材料中的要求完成一篇100词左右的英语短文，并将短文写在答题纸相应的位置上。

全国2013年10月高等教育自学考试英语(二)试题及答案(课程代码：00015)本试卷共8页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。

考生答题注意事项：1.本卷所有试题必须在答题考上作答。

答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。

2.第一部分为选择题。

必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。

3.第二部分为非选择题。

必须注明大、小题号，使用0.5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。

4.合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。

第一部分选择题一、阅读判断（第1-10题，每题1分，共10分）下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确的信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。

在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。

未涂，涂错，多涂或少涂均无分。

Farms Appear in CitiesWhen you hear the word “farm”, you may imagine the countryside with cows and crops. But scientists say the farm of the future could be built in tall buildings in some large cities.It may be difficult to believe, but in fact, the technology for growing crops indoors already exists. Farming in the city is already happening. Some vegetables are already grown in greenhouse. Even the scientists at the South Pole research station can enjoy fresh vegetables they grow in their own greenhouse.Experts say indoor farming solves many problems. First, traditional farming takes up a lot of land. Growing crops in tall buildings—called vertical farming（垂直农业）—can solve the problem. Also, fruits and vegetables grown indoors would not face serious threats from insects and bad weather.Though vertical farms don’t exist yet, experts have created a plan for recycling in such farms. The water from indoor fish ponds would be used to water chicken or pigs would be reused as a source of energy.But experts believe vertical farming is not going to be easy. They say it can be difficult to control climate conditions indoors. Besides, plants differ in their weather and lighting needs. For example, some plants like warm, sunny weather, but other plants prefer cooler temperature.That’s not to say these difficulties won’t be overcome—but it will take time. Most experts suggest it may take about 5 to 15 years before the first vertical farms could be created.1.The word “farm” may make you think of the countryside.A.TrueB. FalseC. Not Given2.It is still a dream for people to grow crops indoors.A.TrueB. FalseC. Not Given3.Scientists at the South Pole research station live a hard life.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given4. Vertical farming does not need as much land as traditional farming.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given5. Fresh fruits and vegetables are very expensive in cities.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given6. Crops grown indoors would not be badly harmed by insects.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given7. Scientists do not know how to reuse the animal waste in vertical farms.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given8. Some experts say vertical farming could be difficult.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given9. Indoor plants need the same weather and lighting.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given10. The first vertical farms appeared 5 years ago.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given二、阅读选择（第11-15题，每题2分，共10分）阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出1个最佳选项，并在答题卡相应位置上将该项涂黑。

2013年10月全国自考《英语阅读（二）》真题及详解课程代码：00596选择题部分I. Reading Comprehension (50 points, 2 points for each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are five passages. Following each passage, there are five questions with four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneComputers should be in the schools. They have the potential to accomplish great things. With the right software, they could help make science tangible or teach neglected topics like art and music. They could help students form a concrete idea of society by displaying on screen a version of the city in which they live—a picture that tracks real life moment by moment.In practice, however, computers make our worst educational nightmares come true. While we bemoan the decline of literacy, computers discount words in favor of pictures and pictures in favor of video. While we fret about the decreasing cogency of public debate, computers dismiss linear argument and promote fast, shallow romps across the information landscape. While we worry about basic skills, we allow into the classroom software that will do a student’s arithmetic or correct hisspelling.Take multimedia. The idea of multimedia is to combine text, sound and pictures in a single package that you browse on screen. You don’t just read Shakespeare; you watch actors performing, listen to songs, view Elizabethan buildings. What’s wrong with that? By offering children candy-coated books, multimedia is guaranteed to sour them on unsweetened reading. It makes the printed page look even more boring than it used to look. Sure, books will be available in the classroom, too—but they’ll have all the appeal of a dusty pia no to a teen who has a Walkman handy.So what if the little nippers don’t read? If they’re watching Olivier instead, what do they lose? The text, the written word along with all of its attendant pleasures. Besides, a book is more portable than a computer, has a higher-resolution display, can be written on and dog-eared and is comparatively dirt cheap.Hypermedia, multimedia’s comrade in the struggle for a brave new classroom, is just as troubling. It’s a way of presenting documents on screen without imposing a linear start-to-finish order. Disembodied paragraphs are linked by theme; after reading one about the First World War, for example, you might be able to choose another about the technology of battleships, or the life of Woodrow Wilson, or hemlines on the 20s. This is another cute idea that is good in minor ways and terrible in major ones. Teaching children to understand the orderly unfolding of a plot or a logical argument is a crucial part of education. Authors don’t merelyagglomerate paragraphs; they work hard to make the narrative read a certain way, prove a particular point. To turn a book or a document into hypertext is to invite readers to ignore exactly what counts—the story.Questions 1—5 are based on Passage One.1. The first paragraph is primarily concerned with ______.A. picturing in what ways computers can help in schoolsB. describing how computers make all subjects easier in schoolsC. showing what computers have accomplished in schoolsD. examining how computers are being used in schools2. What is the author’s attitude towards the software that will do a student’s arithmetic or correct his spelling?A. Amazed.B. Reserved.C. Interested.D. Disapproval.3. What does the author mean by “unsweetened reading” in Paragraph 3?A. Online reading.B. Difficult reading materials.C. Regular books.D. Serious and sad stories.4. The author mentions Shakespeare in order to ______.A. illustrate how multimedia presents information in classroomB. cite one of the most frequently used sources in schoolsC. introduce the importance of reading classicsD. show how multimedia is integrated in traditional teaching5. Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the author?A. T eaching students to understand logical argument is highly ignored.B. The employment of hypermedia may hurt students’ lea rning process.C. Hypermedia exposes students to too much information.D. Students’ reading skills have drastically dropped.【文章导读】文章讲了理论上计算机多媒体可以在教学中起到诸多积极作用，但是在实际教学中，情况却并非如此。