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越南数学家Ngo Bao Chau证明的一个基本引理被

越南数学家Ngo Bao Chau证明的一个基本引理被《时代》杂志列为2009年朗兰兹纲领由加拿大数学家罗伯特·朗兰兹发起,是一个旨在联系数论和群表示论的数学蓝图,包含一系列相互关联的猜想,其中的基本引理在过去三十年间只给出了特殊情形的证明。2008年Ng?B?o Chau给出了一般情形下基本引理的证明,其证明在今年被认定是正确无误的,Peter Sarnak评论说Ng? B?o Chau的证明让相关领域的数学家舒了一口气。Ng? B?o Chau生于1972年,其父是一位物理学家,Ng? B?o Chau少年时是奥数金牌得主,成年后赴巴黎深造。2004年和Laumon一起因给出基本引理在酉群情形的证明而获得clay数学研究奖,33岁时成为越南最年轻的教授。

鉴于朗兰兹纲领已经造就了德林费尔德、洛朗·拉福格两位菲尔兹奖得主,Ng? B?o Chau有望今年在印度海得拉巴举行的国际数学家大会上问鼎菲尔兹奖。Ngo在宏伟的长达几十年的langlands纲领里面消除了一个重大的障碍,揭示了看似没有关系的数学领域隐藏的联系,他给理论的一大部分提供了坚实的基础,他新开发的技术将引发新结论即将到来的洪水大爆发。

Ngo取得的成就的道路始于1967年,当年数学家https://www.doczj.com/doc/6910942331.html,nglands有一个看来就象相隔几亿光年外的空间有虫洞连接那种大胆的数学领域的设想。他的建议是如此庞大,看起来几乎不可能,当他第一次写信给伟大的数论学家A.Weil时,却用着羞怯的字条:“如果你愿意看我这个纯粹的猜测我将不胜感激信;如果不愿意看的话,你有可以将他丢进你的废纸篓。“朗兰兹然后制定了一个已被证明是一个大面积研究领域的路线图的一系列令人眼花缭乱的猜测。

这些绝大多数仍未经证实的猜测,预计占用将来几代数学家的精力。即使如此,Langlands 纲领迄今取得的进展已为新的数学结果证明提供了强大的动力,包括A.Wiles对费马最后定理和Taylor的Sato-Tate猜想的证明。该Langlands纲领将全面实现统一很多现代数学领域,包括数论,群论,表示理论,代数几何。

从Langlands纲领发展而来的一个工具是Arthur-Selberg trace formula的公式,这个公式准确的显示了利用“几何信息”如何计算“算术信息”。这本身是有价值的,而且它是证明作为langlands纲领伟大支柱之一的Langlands’ Principle of Functoriality的基石。但langlands在试图使用迹公式时绕过一个恼人的绊脚石。他不断地遇到看上去显然相等的复杂的有限和,但他不能完全弄清楚如何证明这一点。这就好像一个简单直接的问题,人们可以随便组合摆弄一下就解决了,所以langlands称它是“引理” ,并分配到一个研究生。

当研究生无法证明这一引理时,langlands他又叫了一个研究生来证...,后来实在没有人能证,于是他就只能自己亲自出马。然而这个问题并不是那么简单,于是他征求了其他数学家的意见。在同一时间,因为每个人都依然无法证明这一点,迫切需要这个结果变得越来越明显。所以,问题来了一个稍微宏伟标题:“基本引理。”

经过三十几年的工作,只有少数特殊情况下取得了验证。这个引理缺少证明将会成为那些假设它是真实的并开创了许多新结果和理论的数学家们继续前进的路障,如果这个引理不正确,那么这些数学家开创的新理论将会全部崩溃。

Ngo就是那个最终解决这个开放问题的人。他意识到,在基本引理的出现的神秘复杂,可以看作是自然产生出来的复杂的数学对象称为Hitchen fibrations。他的做法是完全新颖和出人意料的:Hitchen fibrations是最接近数学物理的纯粹的几何对象,也几乎是人们所能想象的到的在最纯的纯数学里最接近这个问题的最后一个概念。

这立即清楚的表明Ngo已经作出了深刻的联系。他的方法将恼人的,复杂的基本引理变成了一个简单的,关于Hitchen fibrations的基本声明。甚至在他还没成功地完成证明之前,他已经取得了令人印象深刻的成绩:他已经真正的理解了。

此外,通过把这一问题放在更大的框架下,Ngo创造了强大的新工具来攻克它。2004年,他与Laumon教授一同证明了一些重要而艰巨的特殊情况,2008年,Ngo利用他自己的新方法,攻克了这个问题。

Ngo的方法是如此新奇,数学家期望他的这些方法也能撬开其他的一些问题,一个主要目标就是用他的“内窥镜的理论”攻克langlands纲领的另一部分。

他的技术甚至可能给the full Principle of Functoriality的证明指明方向,这将非常接近全部实现langlands最初的愿景。现在已是超过70岁的langlands,仍然在努力工作,已制定了一个高度机敏,但诱人的方法来解决问题。但仍远远没有明确表示这些想法会导致一个证明,但是如果他们这样做的话,他们将不得不依赖于Ngo已推出的各种几何观念。

过去三十年相关领域的数学家一致期望Langlands Program中的一个基本引理会被证明的确是精确的。Ngo Bao Chau一位在法国Université Paris-Sud 和普林斯顿Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) 工作的越南数学家(1972年生于越南河内),证明了这一引理,2009年相关领域的数学家验证了他的证明。这一结果被《时代》杂志列为2009年度十大科学发现的第七项。

Ngo Bao Chau accepts invitation to become Chicago University professor

16:50' 27/01/2010 (GMT+7)

VietNamNet Bridge –Renowned Vietnamese mathematician Ngo Bao Chau has accepted an invitation to become a professor at the University of Chicago. Chau will officially begin his new position on September 1, 2010.

Robert Fefferman, Professor of Mathematics and Dean of the

Physics Department at the University of Chicago remarked

said that Chau is clearly one of the greatest mathematicians

in modern times and that he had high expectations for the

young man.

Peter Constantin, Dean of the Mathematics Department who

will work closely with Chau, noted that Chau has made

breakthrough achievements with with his work, successfully

connecting two important fields of mathematics, arithmetic

and geometry.

Peter believes that with Ngo Bao Chau and other excellent faces such as Kato, Beilinson and Drinfeld, Chicago University will have a brilliant staff lineup.

When asked about the decision to become a UC professor, Chau replied that the opportunity to

cooperate more closely with UC colleagues played a very important role in his decision.

On December 9, Time Magazine 9 announced its top ten lists for 2009 and included Professor Ngo Bao Chau’s solution of the “fundamental lemma.” With his work, Chau has become a brilliant candidate for the highest mathematics prize – the Fields Medal.

According to Dr. Ngo Viet Trung, head of the Mathematics Institute, with Chau solving the “fundamental lemma”, the Langlands program has entered a new stage.

According to Time Magazine, the Canadian-American mathematician Robert Langlands developed an ambitious and revolutionary theory in 1979 that connected two branches of mathematics called number theory and group theory. The theory captured deep symmetries associated with equations involving whole numbers, laying out what is now known as the Langlands program.

Langlands believed that the task of proving his theory would take generations. He was convinced, however, that one stepping stone that needed confirmation dubbed, the "fundamental lemma" - would be reasonably straightforward.

He, his collaborators and his students were able to prove special cases of this fundamental theorem. Proving the general case proved more difficult than anticipated - so difficult, in fact, that it took 30 years to finally achieve.

Ngo Bao Chau was born in 1972. He was once a member of the mathematics majors at Hanoi University of Natural Sciences.

In 1988, Chau won the gold medal at the International Mathematics Olympiad in Australia. In 1989, he won another gold medal at the International Mathematics Olympiad in Germany.

Chau defended his doctoral dissertation in France when he was just 25.

In 2005, Chau was recognized as an exceptional mathematics professor when he was 33 years old, becoming the youngest professor in Vietnam.

Ngo Viet Trung said that Chau is planning to invite some leading mathematics experts to Vietnam to conduct research on Langslands programme.

吴宝珠是在巴黎高等师范学院练过的又在最令人心仪的普林斯顿高等研究院访问研究而郎兰兹就在那里当教授天时地利人和是他被誉为近三十年来最伟大的数学家而且现在他才虚岁38 估计获奖是没多大问题了

2010年菲尔兹奖揭晓

2010年菲尔兹奖揭晓

前天下午3点,据印度班加罗尔四年一届的国际数学家大会现场消息,素有数学诺贝尔奖之称的菲尔兹奖揭晓,获得这个具有崇高声望的大奖的数学家有:

Bao Chau Ngo :越南数学家,目前在美国普林斯顿高等研究院工作,获奖理由:证明了朗兰兹纲领中的自守形式理论的基本引理。

Elon Lindenstrauss:以色列数学家,目前在美国普林斯顿大学工作,获奖理由是:遍历理论的测度刚性及其在数论中的应用。

Stanislav Smirnov :俄罗斯数学家,目前在瑞士日内瓦大学工作,获奖理由是:证明了统计物理中平面伊辛模型和渗流的共形不变量。

Cédric Villani :法国数学家,目前在法国庞加莱研究所工作,获奖理由是证明了玻尔兹曼方程的非线性阻尼以及收敛于平衡态。

其它奖项(都是终身成就奖)及其获奖人包括:

高斯奖,Yves Meyer,法国巴黎高等师范学校,以在数论、调和分析、小波分析等方面的基础贡献获奖。

那望林纳奖,Daniel Spielman,美国耶鲁大学应用数学家,以线性规划研究中的诸多贡献获奖

陈省身奖(首次颁发),Louis Nirenberg ,美国纽约大学柯朗研究所,以奠基现代非线性椭圆方程理论获奖。

值得一提的是,本次获奖名单与此前多数预测只有少数符合。例如菲尔兹奖,除了Bao Chau Ngo 外,其他3个都被认为不太热门,而很多热门人物都落选,如英国Ben Green,巴西Artur Avila,印度Manjul Bhargava(他有主场优势)等。其它3个成就奖更是早就被认为不可预测,因为符合条件的人太多了。

另外,法国和美国是最大赢家。法菲尔兹奖除Alon与法国没有渊源外,其它三个与法国都有很深的渊源,另外三个成就奖中,法国也占了1位,可见法国数学之强。当然,还是美国最强了!

ICM 2006--Invited Speakers

ICM 2006--Invited Speakers

1. Logic and Foundati*****

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heory. Applicati*****.

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Victoria University, Wellington, New Zeeland

Itay Neeman

University of California, Los Angeles, USA

Michael Rathjen

The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA

Thomas Scanlon

University of California, Berkeley, USA

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Rutgers University, New Brunswick, USA

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William Crawley-Boevey

University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom

Bernard Keller

Université Denis Diderot, Paris, France

Raphael Rouquier

Université Denis Diderot, Paris, France

Mark Sapir

Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA

Akos Seress

The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA

Agata Smoktunowicz

Institute of Mathematics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

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University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Fritz Grunewald

Heinrich-Heine-Universit?t Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

3. Number Theory

Analytic number theory. Algebraic number theory. Local and global fields, thei

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Princeton University, Princeton, USA

Ching-Li Chai

University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA

Henri Darmon

McGill University, Montréal, Canada

Kazuhiro Fujiwara

Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

Ben J. Green

University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Gérard Laumon

Université de Paris-Sud, Orsay, France

Philippe Michel

Université de Montpellier II, Montpellier, France

Wieslawa Niziol

University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA

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University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

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Columbia University, New York, USA

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Valery Alexeev

University of Georgia, Athens, USA

Jean-Beno?t Bost

Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France

Tom Bridgeland

University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Lawrence Ein

University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA

Tom Graber

University of California, Berkeley, USA

Jun-Muk Hwang

Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul, Korea

Tomohide Terasoma

University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Yuri Tschinkel

Georg-August Universit?t G?ttingen, G?ttingen, Germany

Jaroslaw Wlodarczyk

Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA

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Princeton University, Princeton, USA

Ko Honda

University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA

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University of California, Davis, USA

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University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA

Fran?ois Lalonde

Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada

Xiaobo Liu

University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, USA

Toshiki Mabuchi

Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

Grigory Mikhalkin

University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA

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Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA

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University of Wisc*****in, Madison, USA

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Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain

Chuu-Lian Terng

University of California, Irvine, USA

Burhard Wilking

Universit?t Münster, Münster, Germany

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University of Illinois, Chicago, USA

Martin Bridson

Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Mikhail Khovanov

University of California, Davis, USA

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Yale University, New Haven, USA

Fabien Morel

Universit?t München, München, Germany

Kaoru Ono

Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Karen Vogtmann

Cornell University, Ithaca, USA

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Peter Ozsváth

Columbia University, New York, USA

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Princeton University, Princeton, USA

7. Lie Groups and Lie Algebras

Algebraic and arithmetic groups. Structure, geometry and representati***** of Li e groups (including real, p-adic and finite of Lie type) and Lie algebras incl

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Northwestern University, Evanston, USA

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Brown University, Providence, USA

I. Grojnowski

University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

G. Henniart

Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France

N. Monod

University of Chicago, Chicago, USA

Bao-Chau Ngo

Université de Paris-Sud, Orsay, France

E.M. Opdam

Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

P. Schneider

Universit?t Münster, Münster, Germany

Y. Shalom

Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

B. Speh

Cornell University, Ithaca, USA

D. Soudry

Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

T.A. Springer

Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA

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University of Missouri, Columbia, USA

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Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

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University of California, San Diego, USA

Stanislav Smirnov

Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland

Emil Straube

Texas A&M University, College Station, USA

Vladimir Temlyakov

University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA

Xavier Tolsa

Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain

9. Operator Algebras and Functional Analysis

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7mlysis.

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Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France

Boáz Klartag

Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, USA

Ozawa Narutaka

University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

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University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

Stanislaw Szarek

Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA

and

Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France

Guoliang Yu

Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA

10. Ordinary Differential Equati***** and Dynamical Systems

Topological and formal dynamics. Geometric and qualitative theory of ODE and s mooth dynamical systems, bifurcati***** and singularities. Hamiltonian systems a nd dynamical systems of geometric origin, e.g. geodesic flows. One-dimensional and holomorphic dynamics. Billiards including rational billiards. Multidimens ional acti***** and rigidity in dynamics. Ergodic theory including applicati***** to combinatorics and combinatorial number theory.

INVITED SPEAKERS

Oleg N. Ageev

Max-Planck- Institut für Mathematik, Bonn, Germany

and

Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia

Vitaly Bergelson

Ohio State University, Columbus, USA

Rafael de la Llave

The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA

Dmitry Dolgopyat

University of Maryland College Park, College Park, USA

Robert Ghrist

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA

Vadim Kaloshin

California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA

Bryna Kra

Northwestern University, Evanston, USA

Patrice le Calvez

Université Paris XIII, Villetaneuse, France

Elon Lindenstrauss

Princeton University, Princeton, USA

Michael Shub

University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

Anton Zorich

Université de Rennes, Rennes, France

11. Partial Differential Equati*****

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e behaviour). Spectral theory, scattering, inverse problems. Variational metho

ds and calculus of variati*****. Homogenization and multiscale problems. Relatio ns to continuous media and control.

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Stefano Bianchini

SISSA-ISAS, Trieste, Italy

and

Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo "M.Picone", Roma, Italy

Patrick Gérard

Université de Paris-Sud, Orsay, France

Fran?ois Golse

Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France

Matthew Gursky

University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, USA

Hitoshi Ishii

Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

Mario Pulvirenti

Università di Roma-La Sapienza, Roma, Italy

Ovidiu Savin

University of California, Berkeley, USA

Sylvia Serfaty

Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, USA

Neil Trudinger

Australian National University, Camberra, Australia

Juan J.L. Velázquez

Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

Luis Vega

Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Bilbao, Spain

12. Mathematical Physics

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theory, condensed matter.

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Alberto S. Cattaneo

Universit?t Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

Bernard Derrida

école Normale Supérieure, Paris, France

Gian Michele Graf

ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

Jean-Michel Maillet

école Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France

Marcos Marino

CERN, Genève, Switzerland

Igor Rodnianski

Princeton University, Princeton, USA

Hubert Saleur

Centre d' études Nucléaires de Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

Christoph Schweigert

Universit?t Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

Avraham Soffer

Rutgers University, New Brunswick, USA

Cédric Villani

école Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France

Paul Wiegmann

The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA

13. Probability and Statistics

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nd spatial statistics. Applicati*****.

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Anton Bovier

Weierstrass Institute for Applied Analysis and Stochastics, Berlin, Germany

Raphael Cerf

Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France

Amir Dembo

Stanford University, Stanford, USA

Peter Donnelly

University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

David Elworthy

University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom

Jianqing Fan

Princeton University, Princeton, USA

Alice Guionnet

école Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France

Steven Lalley

University of Chicago, Chicago, USA

Yves Le Jan

Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France

Peter McCullagh

University of Chicago, Chicago, USA

Andrei Okounkov

Princeton University, Princeton, USA

Dominique Picard

Université Paris 7, Paris, France

Wendelin Werner

Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France

14. Combinatorics

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s with linear algebra, representation theory and commutative algebra. Topologi cal and analytical techniques in Combinatorics. Combinatorial geometry. Combin atorial number theory. Matroids. Polyhedral combinatorics and c

ombinatorial optimization.

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Alexander Barvinok

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA

Mireille Bousquet-Mélou

Université Bordeaux 1, Bordeaux, France

Bert Gerards

Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Mark Haiman

University of California, Berkeley, USA

Jeong Han Kim

Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, USA

Tomasz Luczak

Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznán, Poland

Imre Ruzsa

Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary

Francisco Santos

Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain

Robin Thomas

Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA

15. Mathematical Aspects of Computer Science

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, bioinformatics, computer vision.

INVITED SPEAKERS

Manindra Agarwal

Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India

Jon M. Kleinberg

Cornell University, Ithaca, USA

Omer Reingold

Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel

Tim Roughgarden

Stanford University, Stanford, USA

Ronitt Rubinfeld

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA

Alexander Semenovich Holevo

Steklov Mathematical Institute, Moscow, Russia

Luca Trevisan

University of California, Berkeley, USA

16. Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing

Design of numerical algorithms and analysis of their accuracy, stability, and complexity. Numerical solution of algebraic, differential, and integral equati *****. Approximation theory. Mathematical aspects of scienti

fic computation.

INVITED SPEAKERS

Zhiming Chen

Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

Ricardo Durán

Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Nira Dyn

Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

Max Gunzburger

Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA

Randall J. LeVeque

University of Washington, Seattle, USA

Yvon Maday

Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France

Endre Suli

University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

17. Control Theory and Optimization

Minimization problems. Controllability, observability, stability. Robotics. St ochastic systems and control. Optimal control. Optimal design. Linea

r, non-linear and integer programming. Applicati*****.

INVITED SPEAKERS

Vivek Borkar

Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India

Stephen Boyd

Stanford University, Stanford, USA

Oleg Yu. Emanouvilov

Iowa State University, Ames, USA

Martin Groetschel

Konrad-Zuse-Zentrum für Informati*****technik Berlin, Berlin, Germany

Olof Staffans

?bo Akademi University, ?bo, Finland

Aryan van der Schaft

University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Enrique Zuazua

Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

18. Applicati***** of Mathematics in the Sciences

Mathematics applied to the physical sciences, life sciences, social sciences, and technology. Mathematics in interdisciplinary research. The interplay of ma thematical modeling and mathematical analysis and its impact on the under standing of scientific phenomena.

INVITED SPEAKERS

Russ Caflisch

University of California, Los Angeles, USA

Emmanuel Candes

California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA

Vicent Caselles

Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain

Michael Griebel

Institut für Numerische Simulation, Bonn, Germany

Claude Le Bris

école Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, Marne la V allée, France

David Levermore

University of Maryland, College Park, USA

Martin A. Nowak

Harvard University, Cambridge, USA

David Nualart

Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

and

The University of Kansas, Lawrence, USA

Anders Szepessy

Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

19. Mathematics Education and Popularization of Mathematics

All aspects of mathematics education, from elementary school to higher ed ucation. Mathematical literacy and popularization of mathematics.

PANEL A: Controversial questi***** in K-12 education: a debate

Moderator: Michèle Artigue

Université Paris 7, Paris, France

Panelists : Ehud de Shalit

The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel

Anthony Ralston

SUNY, Buffalo, USA

PANEL B: What are PISA and TIMSS? What do they tell us?

Moderator: Pengyee Lee

National Institute of Education of Singapore, Singapore, Panelists: Jan de Lange

Freudenthal Institute, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The

Netherlands

William Schmidt

Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA

PANEL C: The role of mathematicians in K-12 mathematics education

Moderator: Father Ben Nebres

Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines

Panelists : Shiu-Yuen Cheng

Hong Kong University of Science and Tecnology, Hong Kong, China Konrad Osterwalder

ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

Hung-Hsi Wu

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