高考英语语法讲解——主从复合句（附练习题）
复合句
由一个主句和一个或
一个以上的从句构成
的句子叫复合句。在复
合句中主句是全句的
主体，从句是全句的一
个成分，不能独立。
从句有：
名词性从句（主语从句，表语从句，宾语
从句和同位语从句）
状语从句
定语从句
（详细请看以下内容）
II.状语从句
状语从句是每年高考必考的内容，在高考试题中加上其它从句的干扰，以
及倒装句，强调句的介入，使得状语从句更为复杂。
1.时间状语从句
由下列连词引导：when，while，as，before，after，once，till，until，since，as soon as，now that，hardly…when，
scarcely…when，no sooner…than，有一些表示时间的副词（短语）或名词短语也可引导时间状语从句。如：directly，instantly，immediately，by the time，the moment，the second，the minute，the instant，every time，each time，next time，the last time等
重点内容如下：
①when，while，as引导的时间状语从句
▲as表示“当……的时候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。
She came up as I was cooking.（同时）
The runners started as the gun went off.（几乎同时）▲when（at or during the time that ）既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。
It was raining when we arrived.（指时间点）
When we were at school， we went to the library every day.（在一段时间内）
When we arrived there，the film had already begun.（先后发生）
▲while意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示a period of time时，两者可以互换。
Please don’t talk so loud while/when others are working.
He fell asleep while/when reading.
Strike while the iron is hot.（不可用as或when，这里的while意思是“趁……”）
②before状语从句的重点句型
▲……之后……才：It was a long time before I got to sleep .
▲不多久……就：It wasn’t long before he told me about the affair.
▲不等……就：Before I could get in a word， he had measured me.
▲刚……就：He hardly entered the room before he heard the telephone ring.
▲先……再：You can have a few days to think about it before you make your decision.
③since 引导的从句用延续性动词的过去式（包括过去完成时），则从句的动作已经结束，从句意思是否定的。如果从句的动词是延续性的用完成时态，从句意思是肯定的。
▲He has never been to see me since I was ill.我病愈后，他一直未来看我。（不在生病了）
▲He has never been to see me since I have been ill.我病了，他一直未来看我。
▲I haven’t heard from him since he lived here.
自从他这里搬走，我就没有收到他的信。（不住在这儿了）
▲I know him very well since he has lived here near us.自他住在我们附近以来，我对他很了解。
▲It’s three years since I was in the army.我退伍已三年了。（不在服役了）
▲It’s three years since I have been in the army＝It's three years since he joined the army.
我入伍已三年了。
④如果与till与until从句使用的主句是肯定的，则主句中谓语要用延续性动词如果与其使用的主句是否肯定的，则主句中谓语要用短暂性动词。另till从句不可以置于句首，只有until从句可以放在句首。not until 放在句首时主句要倒装。
2.原因状语从句
由下列连词引导：as（由于），because（因为）， since（既然），now （that）（既然）， considering that（顾及到）， seeing that（由于）。
I do it because I like it.因为我喜欢我才干。（because不能与 so 连用）
He couldn’t have seen me， because I was not there.他不可能见过我，因为当时我不在那儿。
Seeing （that） quite a few people were absent， we decided to put the meeting off.
由于好些人都没到会，我们决定延期开会
Now that/Since you are all here， let’s try and reach a decision.
既然大家都来了咱们就设法做一个决定吧
As she was ill， she didn’t come to the party.
由于病了，她没来参加晚会。
Considering that they are just beginners， they are doing quite a good job.
考虑到他们才刚刚学做，他们干得算很不错的了。
重点内容如下：
①because语气最强，用于回答why的提问，可与强调词only，just 以及否定词not 连用。但不可以与so连用。如You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you.另外注意与not连用时否定的转移。He didn’t do such a thing because he was afraid of his wife.他并不是因为怕他的妻子才做这样的事。
Cf：He didn’t do such a thing，because he was afraid of his wife.因为怕妻子，他没有做这样的事。
because引导的从句可以被强调：
It was because she wanted to study abroad that she entered for TOEFL
②as语气较弱，since语气也较弱，但比as正式一些，所说明的原因比较明显或是已知的事实，多用于口语中，所以不应该强调。常置于句首。
As all the seats were full，he stood there.
Since you are going，I’ll go，too.
③for虽解释为“因为”但只是一个并列连词，它引导的是并列句，不是原因状语从句。
The day was short，for it was December.
3.地点状语从句
由下列连词引导：where，wherever，anywhere，everywhere。
Anywhere he went，he got warm welcome.
The girl takes the doll with her everywhere she goes.
Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处。
Where there is a will， there is a way.有志者，事竟成。
You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.
哪儿有问题，你最好在哪儿做个记号。（这里where引导的从句不是定语从句）
4.结果状语从句
由下列连词引导：that，so…that，so that（从句中不带情态动词），such…that，with the result that等。
注意以下几种结构：
①so＋adj/adv＋that…
②such（a/an＋adj）＋n＋that…
③so＋adj＋a/an＋n＋that＝such a/an＋adj＋n＋that…
④so many/much/few/little（少）＋n＋that…
注意以上结构与定语从句so/such…as的区别。
This is such an interesting/so interesting a film that/as everyone wants to see it/（it）.
He didn’t plan his time well so that/so he didn’t finish the work in time.
他没把时间计划好，结果没按时完成这项工作。
We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.
我们走得匆忙，把门都忘了锁了。
The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.
这村子太小，所以这地图上没有。
Jenny is such a clever girl that all the teachers like her very much ＝ Jenny is so clever a girl that all the teachers like her very much
Jenny是如此聪明的女孩，以至老师们都非常喜欢她。
I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.
我摔了许多跤，以至于浑身青一块紫一块
He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.
他朋友很少，所以经常感到孤独。
I had so little money then that I couldn’t afford a little present.
我当时囊中羞涩连一份小小礼物都买不起
5.目的状语从句
由下列连词引导：so that，in order that，for fear that等。目的状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词can， could， may， might， should连用目的状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词can， could， may， might， should连用。
（so that也可用来引导结果状语从句，但从句中不带情态动词）
Let’s take the front seats （so） that we may see more clearly.
我们坐前排吧，这样我们看得更清楚些。
School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.
早点儿放学是为了让孩子们在暴风雨到来之前回家。
He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.
他把名字写下省得忘了。（该从句中一般用情态动词should＋动词原形，或省略should）
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷。
注意：so that引导的目的状语从句只能放在主句之后，in order that 引导的目的状语从句可以放在主句之前或之后。
6.条件状语从句
分为真实条件句和非真实条件句（用在虚拟语气中）。
表示条件的状语从句可以由if（如果），unless（除非）， in case（万一）， so /as long as（只要）， as/ so far as（就……而言）， on condition that（条件是……）suppose（假设）supposing（假设）（仅用在问句中）等词或词组引导。一般情况下当主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。
As/So long as we don’t lose heart， we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.
只要我们不灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的方法。
Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.万一你有什么困难，请给我们一个信儿。
If you leave at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning， you’d better get to bed now.
如果你明早6点钟走，你最好现在就上床。
We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.
只要你能保持整洁，我们可以让你使用这个房间。
As/So far as I know， he is an expert on DNA.据我所知，他是一个DNA专家。
He’ll accept the job unless the salary is too low/ if the salary is not too low.
他会接受这项工作的，除非薪水太少/如果薪水不太少的话。
Suppose/Supposing we can’t get enough food， what shall we do?
假设我们弄不到足够的食物，那我们怎么办?
7.让步状语从句
由下列连词引导：although，though，as，even if， even though，while，whether…or，whoever，whatever，however，
no matter＋疑问词等。
We won’t be discouraged even if（＝even though） we fail ten times.
我们就是失败十次也不泄气。
It was an exciting game， though / although no goals were scored.
那是一场精彩的球赛，尽管一个球都没进。
Whether you believe it or not， it’s true.不管你信不信，这是真的。
However （＝No matter how） expensive it may be， I’ll take it.无论它有多贵，我也要买下它。
Don’t let them in， whoever（＝no matter who） they are.不管他们是谁，别让他们进来。
No matter what I say or how I say it， he always thinks I’m wrong.无论我说什么或怎么说，他总认为是我错。
注意以下几点：
①although，though引导让步状语从句时，主句前不能用but，但可以加yet，stil。
He refuses help although he has many friends who want to offer all kinds of help.
②as引导让步状语从句时，必须用前置结构，通常是从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在句首，放在句首的名词前的冠词要去掉。
Child as（though）he is， he knows a lot.（注意在child前不要用冠词）
Much as I like it， I won’t buy.
Try as he would， he couldn’t lift the heavy box.
8.方式状语从句
由下列连词引导：as，as if，as though，the way等。
Do it the way you were told.
注意以下几点：
①as引导方式状语从句时意义为“按照”，“如同”，前面常用加强语势。
I did it just as you told me.
②as if和as though 引导的从句中，谓语常用虚拟语气，有时也用陈述语气。
③连词while 和whereas 可表示对比。
Whereas he is rather lazy，she is quite energetic.
9.比较状语从句
由下列连词引导：as…as，not as…as，not so…as，than等（详情请参见【专题三】形容词和副词）。
10.注意状语从句中的省略现象
①连接词＋过去分词
Unless repaired， the washing machine is no use.
②连词＋现在分词
Look out while crossing the street.
③连词＋形容词/其他
常见的有if necessary、if possible、when necessary、if any等。
④比较状语从句中的省略句。如：He arrived home half an hour earlier than （he had been）expected.
III.名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句（Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的连词可分为三类：
①that（不充当从句的任何成分，无词义。只起连接作用，因此往往可以省略。）
whether， if（不充当从句的任何成分，均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性。不可以省略。）
as if，as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）
②what， whatever， who， whoever， whom， whose， which
③when， where， how， why
Who cleaned the blackboard is not known yet.谁擦的黑板还不知道。
What he said is not true.他说的不是实话
That he’ll come to see us is really great.他来看我们真是太好啦。
I don’t know why he is absent.我不知道为什么他不在。
The question is whether he will join us next time.问题是下次他是否跟我们一起干。
It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
1.主语从句
①由从属连词引导的主语从句：
Whether the country should build a nuclear power station is something we must discuss.
那个国家是否应该建立核电站……
That light travels in straight line is known to all .光以直线传播
②由连接代词引导的主语从句：
What we need is more time. 我们所需要的是……
Whichever book you choose doesn’t matter to me.无论你选哪本书……
Whoever comes will be welcome.无论谁来……
③由连接副词引导的主语从句：
When the plane is to take off hasn’t been announced.飞机什么时候起飞……
Where he has been is still a puzzle.他到过哪儿……
How much water is flowing can be measured easily.水的流量是多少……
④关于形式主语 it
▲It ＋ be ＋形容词＋ that-从句
It is necessary that…有必要……
It is important that…重要的是……
It is obvious that…很明显……
It is likely that….很可能
▲It ＋ be ＋ -ed 分词＋ that-从句
It is believed that…人们相信……
It is known to all that…众所周知……
（注意该句型的变式：It is known to all that the earth goes around the sun.＝As is known to all，the earth goes around the sun.＝What is known to all is that the earth goes around the sun.）
It has been decided that…已决定……
▲It ＋ be ＋名词＋ that-从句
It is common knowledge that………是常识
It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是……
It is a fact that…事实是……
可应用于此句型的名词还有fact / shame / honor / question/pity等。
▲It ＋不及物动词＋ that-分句
It appears that…似乎……
It happens that…碰巧……
It occurred to me that…我突然想起……
It doesn’t matter whether he likes or not.
2.表语从句
可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be， look， remain， seem等等。
The problem is that millions of people die of illnesses caused by smoking.
……数百万人死于由抽烟引起的疾病
The question remains whether we can win the game…..我们是否能赢得这次比赛
That’s just what I want. ……我想要的
This is where our problem lies. ……我们的问题所在
The difficulty is how we can help smokers kick their habit……我们如何帮助吸烟的人……
注意：
①表语从句的表现形式除了用从属连词，连接代词和连接副词引导以外，还可以由as， as if，as though引导
Things were not as they seemed.
It looks as though it is going to rain.好象要下雨了。
②另外还要注意以下常用的两种结构：The reason why…is that …（而不用 because）
It （ This， That ） is because…
The reason why he was dismissed is that he didn’t work hard. 他为什么被开除是因为他工作不努力。
It is because the tobacco companies want to remain in business.
3.同位语从句
同位语从句一般由 that， whether 等连词引导，常放在 advice， doubt，fact， hope， idea， information， message， news， order， possibility，problem， question， reason， truth， word， suggestion.等名词的后面，说明该名词的具体内容。
The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world. 登陆月球…….
I have no idea when he will be back. ……什么时候回来
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill……Mary 也许病了
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.……是否同意
4.宾语从句
宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语，介词的宾语，某些形容词的宾语以及非谓语动词的宾语。
①及物动词后的宾语从句：
She will give whoever needs help a warm support……任何需要帮助的人……
I wonder why she refused my invitation……她为什么拒绝了我的邀请
②介词后的宾语从句：
I always think of how I can improve my spoken English.我总是在思考如何提高我的口语水平。
The teacher is satisfied with what she has said. 老师对他所说的话很满意。
③某些形容词后的宾语从句：
I am sure that you will make greater progress in English through hard work.
……通过努力工作，你将取得更大的进步
We are surprised that he has left without saying goodbye to us…….他没有告别就走了
④非谓语动词后的宾语从句：
Realizing that it was just a difference in custom， the foreigner smiled and said nothing.
On being asked whether he had had a good time in Australia， he answered “Terrible ”.
⑤关于形式宾语it
We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished.
我们必须清楚任何违犯法律的人都将受到惩罚。
I find it necessary that we should ask him for his advice.我发现我们有必要征求他的意见。
5.名词性从句重难点
①在名词性从句中，疑问句要用陈述句的语序。例如：
▲Can you make sure ____the gold ring ?
A.where Alice had put
B.where had Alice put
C.where Alice has put
D.where has Alice put
▲You can't imagine __when they received these nice Christmas presents.
A.how they were excited
B.how excited they were
C.how excited were they
D.they were how excited
②动词 doubt 用在疑问句或否定句中，其后宾语从句常用 that 作连接词；用在肯定句中，连接词用 whether 或 if 皆可，而不用that。
Do you doubt that he will win ?
I don't doubt that your proposition is wrong .
He doubt whether I know it .
③否定转移问题。
▲将think， believe， suppose， expect， fancy， guess， imagine 等动词后面跟宾语从句时否定转移
I don't think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。
I don' t believe he will come. 我相信他不回来。
We don't expect he will come tonight ， will he ?
注意：若谓语动词为hope，宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。
I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。
▲将seem， appear 等后的从句的否定转移
It doesn't seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道往哪去。
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。
④主谓一致问题。
What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world.
What I bought were three English books.
⑤语气问题
▲在含有 suggest ， order ， demand ， propose ， command ，request ， insist， desire， require， advise 等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，that从句常用“should＋动词原形”的结构
I suggest we （should） set off at once. 我建议我们应该立刻出发。
▲在It is ＋过去分词＋that的主语从句中 decided，demanded，desired，insisted，ordered，proposed，suggested，recommended，requested，required等。
It is desired that we（should）get everything ready this evening.
▲在表语从句或同位语从句中
The suggestion that the mayor （should） present the prizes was accepted by everyone.
▲在It is（was）＋形容词＋that从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should ＋）动词原形，表示建议或不满、惊奇等情绪。常用于此类的形容词有 essential，important，natural，necessary，possible，strange，等。
It is necessary that a college student ____at least a foreign language.（上海1993）
A.masters
B.should master
C.mastered
D.will master
⑥What引导名词从句的特殊含义：
▲What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality.
（what为“所……的事”，相当于“the thing that…；all that…；everything that…”）
▲After ________ seemed a very long time，I opened my eye and found myself in bed.（M ET'93）
A.what
B.when
C.that
D.which
（what相当于“the time that”，表示“……时间”）
▲He is not what he was a few years ago. Who is it that has made Fred what he is now?
（what表示“……的人”，相当于“the person that…”）
▲What is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world.
（what表示“……的地方”，相当于“the place that…”）
▲Our income is now double what it was ten years ago
（what表示“……的数目”，相当于“the amount /number that…”）
⑦不可省略的连词：
▲介词后的连词不可省略
Before I came downstairs I had prepared myself very carefully for what I must say.
下楼之前，我已经把我要说的认真准备好了。
▲引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略
That she was chosen made us very happy.她被选上了，我们很高兴。
We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了。
▲宾语从句有多个that引导时，从第二个及其后面的that不能省略
I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better.
⑧比较：whether 与 if 均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代：
▲whether 引导主语从句在句首
Whether she comes or not doesn’t concern me .她是否来与我无关。
▲引导表语从句
His first question was whether she had arrived yet. 他问第一个问题就是她来了没有。
▲引导同位语从句
Answer my question whether you are coming.回答我你是否来的问题。
▲whether 从句作介词宾语
I worry about whether I hurt her feeling .我担心是否伤了她的感情。
▲与or not连在一起
I don’t know whether or not he is going to Japan.我不知道他是否去日本。
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用it 充当形式主语。例如：
It is not important who will go. 谁去，这不重要。
It is still unknown which team will win the match. 到底谁赢呢，形势尚不明朗。
IV.定语从句
（一）基本概念
1.由一个句子作定语，修饰句中一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰整个句子或句中的部分内容，这样的从句就是定语从句，被其修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
2.关系词分为两大类，即关系代词和关系副词，其作用一是引出一个定语从句，二是代替其所修饰的先行词，三是在句中充当某个句子成分。
高中英语简单句并列句复合句练习题 选择填空：1. I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer，___ A. do I B. don’t I C. will they D. won’t they 2. ___help if you can，and our country will improve more quickly and better. A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give 3. —— Lucy，you wash the dishes，___ —— Mom，can’t Lily do it It’s her turn to do it. A. don’t you B. can you C. shall you D. will you 4. —— I will not take an umbrella with me today. — _____it rains later on in the day A. How B. What C. How about D. What if 5. —— You ought to stay up late tonight，____ you ——Yes. I’ve got too much homework. A. can’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. won’t 6. Nothing can stop us from serving the people heart and soul，____ A. can it B. can’t it C. can they D. can’t they 7. There used to be a church in the small town，_____ A. used there B. usedn’t there C. used it D. usedn’t it 8. ——She isn’t your neighbour，is she —— _______. A. Yes，she isn’t B. No，she is C. Yes，she is D. No，isn’t she 9. —— ______ to be a PLA soldier when I was young. —— And now you are. A. How I wanted B. How did I want C. What I wanted D. What did I want 10. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase，____was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of that 11. After ten years，she changed a lot and looked different from___she used to be. A. that B. whom C. what D. who 12. ____is known to everyone，the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 13. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation___he is likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. while D. why 14. Information has been put forward___ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
简单句、并列句和复合句 考点一简单句 1.简单句只包含一个主谓结构. 2.五种简单句: 1)主+谓. He comes at last. 2)主+系+表. She is a teacher. The soup tastes nice. 3)主+谓+宾. They reached the village. 4)主+谓+间宾+直宾. He gave me a pen. 5)主+谓+宾+宾补. I find that book very useful. 考点二并列句 并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句，用连词连接起来。 常用的连接词有： 1.表示顺承关系的：and, not only…but also（不仅….而且….）等。 She gave us a lot of advice, Linda tried to become an excellent teacher, helped us to overcome difficulties. at last she succeeded. 2.表示选择关系和否定条件的有or（还是，否则） Do you want to leave now would you rather set off later? Wear your coat, you’ll catch a cold. 3.表示转折关系的有but, yet 等。 He is young, but he works hard.虽然他年轻，但工作努力。 4.表示因果关系的有for, so 等。 My leg hurts so I go to see a doctor. 我的腿疼，因此我去看医生。 考点三主从复合句：宾语从句 1.宾语从句的引导词 （1）引导陈述句用that(在口语和非正式文体中常常省略) He tells me (that ) he is going shopping this Sunday. (2)引导一般疑问句用if 或whether. She asked me if\ whether she could join us. (whether…or not) (3)引导特殊疑问句，要用原来的特殊疑问词。 She asked them what they were doing. 2.宾语从句的语序：要用陈述句语序。 I want to know when the train left. 3.宾语从句的时态 （1）主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句，宾语从句可根据实际需要选用各种时态。 He tells us that he has been able to look after himself. (2)主句是过去时态，宾语从句应使用过去时的相应时态。 They said that they had already finished the work. (3)如果宾语从句叙述的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等，不管主句用什么时态，从句 都用一般现在时。 He said that light travels faster than sound. 3. 练习 1）She asked me, “Will you go to the cinema tomorrow?” (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
主从复合句 一基础理论： 1. 英语表达的五个层次 字母—单词—句子—段落—文章 2. 词的分类： 名词系统：名词；代词；冠词；形容词；数词 动词系统：动词；介词；副词 连词系统 3. 不同词性的词按照一定的顺序形成句子，同一个词由于在句子中位置不同所起的作用也不同；词在句子中所起的作用有：主；谓；宾；定；状；补；表 4. 句子是表达独立、完整意思的单位。 五种简单句结构。 ①主系表 ②主不及物动词 ③主谓宾 ④主谓双宾 ⑤主谓宾宾补 5. 并列句：通过and , but, or 并列连词连结的两个或多个简单句。 Give me somewhere to stand, and I will move the earth. Have an aim in your life, or your energies will be wasted. 6. 主从复合句：通过从属连词连结的，有主句和从句的合成结构。 二主从复合句的四项基本原则： 1. 主句符合五种简单句结构。 The day we had looked forward to ____at last. A coming B came C come D comes In the evening school where I study computer ____. A is there B has many people C is well taught D is nice 2. 从句也符合五种简单句结构。 ①From the first time I flew a flat paper kite as a child, I was always wondering____. A how made it fly B how it made fly C what it made fly D what made it fly ②The factory___ produces steel is the biggest one of the kind in our city. A which B whom C whose D where ③The factory___ Tom works is the biggest one of the kind in our city. A which B whom C whose D where 3. 如何识别主句和从句？只识别从句，另一句就是主句。 如何识别从句？通过从属连词加以识别。 ①从属连词属于从句，且位于从句的句首； The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on ___best in its climate and soil. A it grows B what grows C does it grow D what does it grow It was an agreement___ could not be changed’ A of which details B whose the details C the details of which D all whose details ②从属连词在从句中既可以不承担具体功能，仅起识别的标志作用，但它同时破坏了原来
2009年高考名师手记之：英语篇（简单句、并列句和复合句） 一。考纲要求 考试大纲要求考生能正确判断句子的类型、分析句子结构、结合语境和句意选择适当的连接词语、判断主语和从句的正确语序、恰当选择主句和从句谓语动词的时态。 二。命题导向 高考对简单句、并列句和复合句的考查主要包括：句子的结构、连词的选择、从句与主句的谓语动词的时态、主语和从句的语序、一些习惯用语和特殊的句式应用。 三。复习要点 1.简单句、并列句和复合句 ① 句子种类两种分类法 按照句子的用途，英语的句子可分：陈述句(肯定、否定)、疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意)、祈使句、感叹句等四种。 按照句子的结构可分：简单句并列句和复合句三种。 简单句只有一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语。并列句由并列连词and, but, or，so等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。复合句：含有一个或一个 以上从句的句子。复合句包含：状语从句\名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)和定语从句等三种。 ② 并列句的分类 并列句指把两个同等重要的句子连接在一起，句子之间常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等并列连词连接。 表示选择关系常用的连词有：or, either…or…, otherwise等 表示转折关系常用的连词有：but, still, however, yet, while, when等。
表示因果关系常用的连词有：so, for, therefore等。 2.状语从句： (1)状语从句的分类 状语从句通常修饰主句的动词或整个句子，由从属连词引导，从属连词在从句中不充当句子成分。根据状语从句所表达的不同意义和功能，可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较、方式等状语从句。 (2)连接状语从句的词语 时间状语从句：when, whenever每当……，after, before, as, as soon as, hardly/ scarcely...when..., no sooner...than.。.一……就……，while, till, until, since, once。名词词组the first time第一次，last time最后一次，every/each time每次，the next time下次，the next day第二天， the moment, the minute, the second, the instant 一……就……;副词immediately, instantly, directly等也可作连词使用。 原因状语从句：because, since, as, now that。 地点状语从句：where，wherever(无论那里)。 让步状语从句： no matter who/whom/what/which/how/when/where, though, although, as, even if /even though, whatever, whoever, however, wherever, whenever等。 条件状语从句： if, unless, as/so long as(如果;只要)，in case (万一); on condition that(如果)， suppose, supposing, providing, provide。 目的状语从句：in order that (为了)，so that (以便)。 比较状语从句：(not) as/so…as…，than…, the more…the more…(越……越……) 引导。 方式状语从句：as(正如;按照)，as if/as though (好像)引导。 结果状语从句： so that (结果是)，so/such…that (如此……以至于)。 (3)从句中的语序 复合句中通常采用陈述语序。但是，在下面的几种情况下，状语从句多采用倒装语序：
将下列带定语从句的主从复合句变为简单句： 1.The young woman who works in his office used to be a housewife. 2.The boat suddenly struck a rock that was covered by mud and sand. 3.John was always the last student that left the classroom after school. 4.If only I had two lives that I could lay down for my dear motherland！ 5.He made his way through the people who were curious to see the murderer. 6.We badly need some people who are able to do the job successfully. 7.I met a strange old woman who carried a big umbrella in her hand. 8.The policeman examined the chair which stood against the wall. 9.I once visited the house where the president once lived and worked for four years. 10.I have never been to the village where my grandparents once lived 11.They often think of the days when they lived happily together on the island. 12.Spring is the season when t he parks are always full of happy children 13.The reason is his own affair. Why will he stay in the country for more days ? 14.Can you give us one good reason ? Why should you give up studying music ?
英语简单句、并列句、复合句解析 简单句、并列句和复合句 考点一简单句 1. 简单句只包含一个主谓结构. 2. 五种简单句: 1) 主+谓. He comes at last. 2) 主+系+表. She is a teacher. The soup tastes nice. 3) 主+谓+宾. They reached the village. 4) 主+谓+间宾+直宾.He gave me a pen. 5) 主+谓+宾+宾补.I find that book very useful. 考点二并列句 并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句，用连词连接起来。 常用的连接词有： 1. 表示顺承关系的：and, not only…but also（不仅….而且….）等。 She ______ gave us a lot of advice, _______helped us to overcome difficulties. Linda tried to become an excellentteacher, _____ at last she succeeded. 2. 表示选择关系和否定条件的有or（还是，否则） Do you want to leave now ____ would yourather set off later? Wear your coat, ____ you’ll catch a cold. 3. 表示转折关系的有but, yet等。 He is young, but he works hard.虽然他年轻，但工作努力。 4. 表示因果关系的有for, so 等。 My leg hurts so I go to see a doctor. 我的腿疼，因此我去看医生。 考点三主从复合句：宾语从句 1. 宾语从句的引导词 （1）引导陈述句用that(在口语和非正式文体中常常省略) He tells me (that ) he is going shopping thisSunday. (2) 引导一般疑问句用if或whether. She asked me if\ whether she could join us.(whether…or not) (3) 引导特殊疑问句，要用原来的特殊疑问词。 She asked them what they were doing. 2. 宾语从句的语序：要用陈述句语序。 I want to know when the train left. 3. 宾语从句的时态 （1）主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句，宾语从句可根据实际需要选用各种时态。He tells us that he has been able to lookafter himself. (2) 主句是过去时态，宾语从句应使用过去时的相应时态。 They said that they had already finished thework.
【专题】主从复合句（状从、名从和定从） 【考点分析】 状语从句 1.when, while, as引导时间状语从句的区别； 2.名词词组the minute, the moment, the first time, each time, any time等用作连词，引导的时间状语从句； 3.before,和since引导时间状语从句的用法以及常见的几个句型； 4.till和until的用法； 5.although, though, as以及even if, even though引导让步状语从句的用法； 6.结果状语从句中“so…that”与“such…that”的区别； 7.条件状语从句unless, providing/provided, suppose/supposing等引导词的用法； 8.“疑问词+ever”和“no matter+疑问词”引导从句的用法； 9. in case引导的状语从句； 10.where引导的状语从句； 11.once引导的状语从句。 12.与祈使句、定语从句、名词从句、倒装句以及与强调句型的混合考查。 名词从句 1. that和what引导名词性从句的区别； 2.名词从句的语序和时态； 3. it作形式主语、形式宾语的几种情况； 4.宾语从句的否定转移； 5.whether和if的用法区别； 6.what在名词性从句中的使用； 7.doubt后的名词性从句的使用； 8.Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别； 9.连接词that的省略； 定语从句 1.that与which引导的定语从句的区别； 2.who、whom与whose引导的定语从句的区别； 3.关系副词where、when与why引导的定语从句的区别； 4.对“as”引导定语从句的考查； 5. such…as与such…that的区别；the same…as与the same…that的区别； 6.对“介词+关系代词”的考查； 7.the way 作先行词时,定语从句的引导词作状语用in which ,that 或者省略； 8.含有插入语的定语从句； 9.与并列句、状语从句、同位语从句以及与强调句型的混合考查。 【知识点归纳】 I.句子的种类 复习主从复合句时，我们首先要对句子的种类有所了解，才能更深入地掌握主从复合句的知识。 按用途分
主从复合句 主句是主体，从句只是句子的一个成分，换言之，将句子（除谓语外）的各个成分扩展开来就成了从句。关联词分五类： 疑问代词：who（whom/whose）， which, what, 关系代词：who（whom/whose）， which, that, 疑问副词：when, where, why, how 关系副词：when, where, why 从属连词：that (无词义)， whether, if, although, after because, before, when, since， as soon as, as long as 只有从属连词没有句子功用，即不担任句子成分。 从句分为五类： 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 句中作用如同名词。一般都不用逗号，所用关联词相同：1,连词that/whether/if 2, 疑问代词who/what/which 3, 疑问副词when /where /how /why（引导间接疑问句） 定语从句 状语从句 一．主语从句subject clause，也可分为三种：that引导的主从 / 由连接代副词引导的主从 / what 和whoever等引导的主从。 1由that引导的主从，用得最多。(that 后面是主语) “That she became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence.”她成为画家可能是受其父亲的影响。 上面句子看着别扭陌生，换成it引导的句子就熟悉了，因为一般除强调外都后置而由it代替，有五种形式：
（1）+ that 、、、 It is natural that they should have different views. （2）、、、 It’s a wonder that you are still alive. （3）宾语) or adverbial(副词)) + that、、、 It seems that you’re right. It struck me that we ought to make a new plan. 我忽然想起我们应该制订一个新计划。 It never occurred to me that perhaps she was lying. 我从未想到或许她是在说谎 （4）、、、 It was rumored （It is said） that you was suffering from a stone in the kidney. 谣传说/据说你得了肾结石。 （5）、、、 No, no, it couldn’t be that they were interested in him. 不，不，他们不可能对他有兴趣。口语中that可以省略： It was clear(that) his words pleased her. 显然他的话使她高兴。 When he’ll be back depends much on the weather. Who is to be sent there ha sn’t been decided. It’s clear enough what he meant. 两种结构都能用，但是it结构更多，有四种形式。 It was not clear to me why he behaved like tha t. 我不太清楚他为什么会这样做。 It’s a puzzle how life began. 生命如何开始是一个谜
高中英语语法难点——并列句和主从复合句并列句基本概念： 并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起；但有时不用连接词,只在两个简单句之间用一逗号或分号。2、常见的并列句： (1) 用来连接两个并列概念的连接词有and , not only…but also…, neither…nor…等,and 所连接的前后分句往往表示先后关系、递进关系。前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。(2) 表示在两者之间选择一个, 常用的连接词有or,otherwise,or else,either…or…等,前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。(3) 表明两个概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者转折, 常用的连接词有but,yet,still ,however等,前后分句时态一致。(4) 说明原因, 用连接词for ,前后分句时态一致。(5) 表示结果,用连接词so, 前后分句时态一致。 主从复合句 1、概念： 主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。如：While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.(爷爷奶奶们很爱孩子,同时对他们也严格要求。) / It seemed as if the meeting would never end.(看起来会议没完没了。) / Hurry up, or (else) you’ll be late.(快点, 要不然就来不及了。) / However I cook eggs, the child still refuses to eat them.(不管我用什么方法煮鸡蛋,小孩还是不肯吃。) 2、分类： 从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等。(参见以下各条) 3、各从句在句子中的位置以及用法： (1) 表语从句：在句子中作连系动词的表语的从句,它位于主句中的系动词之后。例如：That is why he did not come to school yesterday. / It is because you are so clever. (2) 宾语从句：在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。①基本形式：(主句＋)连词+从句主语+从句谓语+... ②关于宾语从句连词的选择：若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略; 若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if 或whether; 若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(如what,who,where,when等) 例如：They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings.(他们相信计算机终将代替人类。) (从句本来就是陈述句)/ I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster. (我不知道是不是该为他在校长跟前说点什么。) (从句来源于一般问句Shall I say something for him to the headmaster?) / He asked me where he could get such medicine. (他问我在哪儿能搞到那样的药。) (从句来源于特殊问句Where can he get such medicine? ) ③宾语从句的时态问题：如果主句是现在时,从句则用现在某一时态,甚至可以用过去时；如主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。如：I think I will do better in English this term. (我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。) / The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round. (老师问那个男孩地球是不是圆的。) ④下列结构后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待：be sorry / afraid / sure / glad +that从句,如：I’m sorry I’m late. (对不起,我迟到了。) / I’m afraid he isn’t in at the moment. (恐怕他此刻不在家。) (3) 状语从句：在复合句中作状语,其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、比较、让步、条件等几种。状语从句由从属连接词引导。时间状语从句通常由when ,as ,while, after, before, since, as soon as ,since, till (until), while, whenever 等
语法复习一：句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句 一、句子成分 （一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 （二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. （四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） （五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如： They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）
第一部分导论 从句的种类繁多。根据对各类试卷进行综合分析，不外乎由三大类组成：一是名词性从句，包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、介词宾语从句、以及同位语从句；二是定语从句，包括限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句、割裂式定语从句、搭配式定语从句；三是状语从句，包括时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句以及伴随情况状语从句。 一、名词性从句 (一)主语从句 1. It has been pointed out __ their suggestions are reasonable to a certain dear A. whether B. that C. what D. why 选B. that 作引导词,引出主语从句,it形式主语. 2.__ get rid of the force of friction is still a hard nut to us. A. How can we B. How we can C. Why should we D. Why we should 选B.表示"我们该如何克服这种摩擦力仍然是个棘手的问题. 3.__ men have learned much from heavier of animals is not new at all. A. What B. That C. Which D. Whether 选B,句中的much是宾语,所以不能选A 4. How did it come about __ you made a lot of mistakes in your home wonk? A. whether B. what C. why D. that 选D,这里it 是形式主语,that 引导的是主主从句. 5. __you were arguing about last night has been settled. A. That B. Which C. It D. What 选D, what引导主语从句;同时,在从句中作about的宾语. (二) 表语从句 1. The reason for his success is __he worked harder than you.
2018高中英语简单句复合句并列句的翻译练习 简单句并列句的翻译练习 1. 我想把王同志介绍给你。 I want to introduce Comrade Wang to you. 2. 依我看，他在浪费时间。 In my opinion, he is wasting time. 3. 由于大火的结果，成千上万的人失去了家园。 As a result of the fire, thousands of people lost their homes. 4. 你能说英语，我也能。 You can speak English, and so can I. 5. 学生们一路上不停地说笑。 The students went on talking and laughing all the way. 6. 我妈妈叫我做作业，而不是洗碗。 My mother asked me to do my homework instead of washing dishes. 7. 在公共场合，不允许人们吸烟。 People aren’t allowed to smoke in public places. 8. 昨天下午我妈在那家商店给我买了橡皮、小刀和铅笔盒等。Yesterday afternoon my mother bought me an eraser, a knife, a pencil-box and so on. 9. 你怎样在夏天把水变成冰呢？ How can you change water into ice in summer?
10. 我英语发音方面有些困难。 I have some difficulty in English pronunciation. 11. 你打算到北京呆多久呢？ How long are you going to stay in Beijing? 12. 祝你在深圳玩得愉快。 Have a pleasant/wouderful time in Shezhen. 13. 这顶帽子是由手工而不是机器做的。 The hat is made by hand not by machine. 14. 明天晚上我要到机场去送我姨妈。 Tomorrow evening I’m going to the airport to see my aunt off. 15. 在我的家乡过去大量的小树被砍掉了。 In the past plenty of little trees were cut down in my hometown. 16. 所有的学生都必须遵守校规。 All the students must obey the school rules. 17. 事实上，我非常喜欢学英语。 In fact, I like to study English very much. 18. 有时，英语口语完全不同于英语书面语。 Sometimes spoken English is different from written English. 19. 我可以看一看那张照片吗？ May I have a look at that photo? 20. 每年我花费二百元买书。 I spend 200 yuan on books every year.
2018 年高考英语全国卷1,2 长难句分析 1 (全国卷1 阅读B) (原文) And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she's been able to put a lot of what she's learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11. (译文) 这位“早安，英国”的电视节目主持人说，她能够在自己的家里把许多学到 的东西付诸实践，为14 岁的儿子山姆，13 岁的芬恩，和11 岁的杰克准备膳食。 (分析) 这是一个多重复合句，主句And the Good Morning Britain presentersays 后面跟的是省略了that 的宾语从句。宾语从句本身也是复合句，其中what she's learnt 也是宾语从句，preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11是-ing 形式做伴随状语。 2 (全国卷1 阅读C) (原文) The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. (译文) 一般的规律是，温和地带的通常为许多人所使用的语言相对较少，而炎 热潮湿地带的语言较多，通常为少数人所使用。 (分析) 这是一个复合句，句中that 引导一个表语从句；从句中often spoken by many people 和often spoken by small numbers为-ed形式做定语，分别修饰few languages 和lots。同时while 在句中做并列连词，意为“然而”，表示对比。 3 (全国卷1 七选五) (原文) A grasp of how to manage color in your spacesis one of the first steps to creating rooms you ’ll love to live in. (译文) 懂得这样处理自己居所的颜色选择是营造你喜爱房间的关键步骤之一。 (分析) 这是一个主从复合句。you’ll love to live in修饰先行词rooms, 省略了关系 代词that/which。steps后的to 是介词，所以跟-ing 形式creating。