have，get，make，leave后作宾补的非谓语
动词形式
（要点精讲）
一、have
1．have + sth. + done
(1)表示“叫/让/请别人做某事”，动作的执行者不是主语，也不是宾语，而是别人。
I will have my bike repaired this afternoon. 今天下午我要请人修理自行车。
We have our office cleaned every weekend. 每个周末我们都让人打扫办公室。
You’d better have your teeth pulled out. 你最好让医生把你的牙齿拔了。
Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday. 史密斯先生在度假期间，他家的房子被人破门而入。
(2)表示遭遇不幸事件，是句中的主语所经历的。
He had his arm broken. 他的手臂摔断了。(自己的经历)
He had his wallet stolen at the railway station. 他的钱包在火车站不幸遭窃。
He had his pocket picked. 他的口袋被别人盗了。
2．have + sb. + do sth.
表示“使/让/叫某人做某事”，动作的执行者为宾语。
I’ll have Bob call you back later. 我会让鲍勃稍后给你回电话。（call是由Bob执行）Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt. 妈妈让我去商店里买点盐。（go是由me 执行）
The teacher had us clean up the classroom. 老师让我们打扫教室。（clean是由us执行）
I had him arrange for a car. 我让他去安排一辆车。（arrange是由him执行）
Please have him come here. 请叫他到这里来。（come的动作由him执行）
注意：have sth. to do表示“有事情要做”。在此结构中，不定式作定语。如：
I’m sorry, I can’t go out with you. I have an urgent thing to settle.
我很抱歉，我不能和你出去。我有一件紧急的事情要解决。
3．have + sb./sth. + doing sth.
表示“使某人/物一直处于某种状态”，动作的执行者为宾语，但是动词必须是延续性动词，后面常接一个时间段。
He had her standing in the rain for two hours. 他让她在雨中站了两个小时。
He had us laughing all through the meal. 他弄得我们整个吃饭时间都欢笑不止。
注意：have sb. doing用于否定句时，其中have有“容忍”之意。
I won’t have you speaking to your dad like that. 我不能容忍你和你父亲那样讲话。
I won’t have you running around in the house. 我不允许你在家里到处乱跑。
I won’t have my son doing nothing. 我不会让我儿子什么都不做的。
二、get
1．get + sb.+ to do sth.= have + sb. + do sth.
表示“让某人做某事”，动作执行者是宾语，强调未来的动作。
He got his brother to help him. 他让他兄弟来帮助他。
I got him to stop smoking. 我让他停止吸烟。
We couldn’t get him to sign the agreement. 我们不会让他签署协议。
2．get + sth. + done
表示“让……被做”，强调被动性的动作。
He got his hair cut. 他理发了。（他的头发是被剪）
I need to go to the dentist and get it fixed. 我需要去看牙医，把牙治一下。（牙是被牙医治疗）
3．get + sb./sth. + doing sth.
表示“让某人/物一直……”或“使某人/某物开始活跃或使某物开始工作”，强调已做或正在进行的动作。
He got his bike running very fast. 他把自行车骑的飞快。
Who can get the machine running? 谁能启动这台机器？
三、make
make意为“使”，有轻微强迫之意。
1．make + sb. + do sth.
表示“（迫）使某人做某事”，动作执行者是宾语，被动语态为sb. be made to do sth.。
He made me laugh. 他使我发笑。
被动语态为：I was made to laugh by him.
2．make + sb. + done
表示“使某人被……”，并强调动作的被动性，宾语为动作承受者。
Please speak louder to make yourself heard. 请讲大声点以便你让别人听到。
His honesty makes him respected. 他的诚实使他受人尊敬。
四、leave
1．leave + sb. + to do sth.
表示“让/留下某人做某事”，强调未来的动作。
Leave him to do it himself. 让他自己做这个事情吧。
We left him to paint the gate. 我们让他油漆这个门。
I’ll leave you to settle all the business. 我会让你处理所有的事物。
2．leave + sb./sth. + doing
表示“让某人/某物继续处于某种状态”，这种状态一直持续，强调当时正在发生的动作。
What he said left me thinking deeply. 他的话让我陷入深思。
Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain. 不要让她一直在外面雨中等待。
We left him painting the gate. 我们让他一直油漆这个门。
3．leave + sth. + done
表示“使某事被做”，使处于某种被动的状态，并强调动作的被动性，宾语为动作承受者。
We can’t leave such an important matter unfinished. 我们不能让这么重要的事情半途而废。
Please excuse me if I have left any of your questions unanswered. 如果你有任何问题没有被我回答，请谅解。
（典例剖析）
【例题1】(2016?北京市海淀区高三期中考试)The firemen told us the great difficulty they had ______ the fire ______.
A．to get; under control B．getting; controlled
C．got; controlled D．getting; to control
【答案】B
【解析】因为they had...是定语从句，代替difficulty的关系词that省略，因that在从句中作宾语可以省略。根据句型have difficulty (in) doing sth.可知，选项A和C是错的；又the fire 与control是被动关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。
【难度】困难
【例题2】(2013?上海)The students are looking forward to having an opportunity ______ society of real-life experience.
A．explore B．to explore C．exploring D．explored
【答案】B
【解析】句意：学生们正盼望着有一个去探索社会，获得现实生活经验的机会。本题中，动词不定式作opportunity的后置定语。可以直接记住搭配：have an opportunity to do sth.“有做……的机会”。
【难度】较难
（精题精练）
一、单项选择
1．(2016?浙江省杭州市五校联盟高三第一次诊断考试)We will have six-day holiday during the coming APEC meetings ______ traffic on the roads.
A．to ease B．easing C．ease D．having eased 2．(2016?浙江省温州市三溪中学高三期中考试)Who would you like to have _____ you to your room?
A．show B．shows C．to show D．showing
3．(2013?山东省济南市高三期末考试)They have already had some everyday words ______ to the new edition of the dictionary.
A．adding B．add C．added D．to add
4．(2013?浙江鲁迅中学适应性考试)Chinese citizens are to have their fingerprints ______ when applying for or changing their resident identity cards.
A．record B．to record C．recording D．recorded
5．Rebecca was determined not to leave any task ______ at the end of the day on Friday so she could thoroughly enjoy the weekend.
A．undoing B．done C．undone D．doing
6．Because of the complicated changes in the tax code, Mr. Myers decided to have his income tax statement ______ by a professional.
A．preparing B．prepare C．prepared D．will be prepared
7．My wife wanted to have our son ______ dinner for us, but I ordered a pizza instead. A．cook B．cooked C．cooks D．to cook
8．Don’t leave the engine ______.
A．run B．to run C．running D．ran
9．She always ______ her children do what they want to.
A．lets B．makes C．gets D．allows
10．When one leaves his car ______, he assumes that the mechanic will repair the car well. A．repaired B．to be repaired C．repairing D．repair
11．Although her parents ha d said “no” for a long time, they finally ______ her go to Europe alone.
A．allow B．got C．let D．made
12．Professor Yu ______ her students use a dictionary while they were taking the test. A．made B．allowed C．got D．let
13．Sally ______ me take off my shoes before I went into her house. She said she wanted to keep the carpet clean.
A．let B．got C．made D．had
14．Sam really wanted a dog, but his parents wouldn’t ______ him have a pet.
A．leave B．get C．make D．let
二、用have，get，make的适当形式填空。
(1)I couldn’t ____________ my children to clean up their rooms.
(2)Debbie’s husband hates the opera. But after days of nagging, she finally ____________ him to go see the new production of La Boheme.
(3)Mr. Levine ____________his secretary call Ms. Jackson and reconfirm their meeting on Thursday.
(4)Tommy didn’t want to go to his cousin’s birthday party, but his mom ____________ him go.
(5)I can’t believe she ____________ you look at her vacation pictures again last night. We have to look at those stupid pictures every time we go to her house.
三、短文改错
(2015·浙江)下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made from glass.
I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view. On the left-hand side of the class, I could easy see the football field. In the mornings, it was full of students exercising. The view from the back of the classroom is also splendid. Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them. Farther in the distance, I could not enjoy the view of snowy mountains. On the right side of the class was the road. I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning. The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming. If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it.
一．英语的五种基本句型结构： ①S 十V 主谓结构He runs quickly．他跑得快。 ②S 十V 十P 主系表结构The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来有趣。 ③S 十V 十O 主谓宾结构They built a house last year．他们去年建了一所房子。 ④S 十V 十O1十O2主谓双宾结构He offered me his seat/ his seat to me．他把座位让给我。 ⑤S 十V 十O 十 C 主谓宾宾补结构 They found her happy that day．他们发现那天她很高兴。 I found him out．我发现他出去了。 They named the boy Charlie．他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 I saw him come in and go out．我见他进来又出去。 They felt the car moving fast．他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 He found the door of study closed to him．他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 说明： S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语 二．宾语补足语： 1、定义：The object complement gives more information about the object.顾名思义，宾补是补充说明宾语，使句子意义完整的句子成分。 2、使用场合：Verb + object + object complement 3、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有： (1). 名词： We made him our monitor. They thought this good advice. They named their daughter Jenny. 注：充当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头衔、职位时，前面一般不用冠词。 They elected John chairman of the committee. (2). 形容词： You should keep your room clean and tidy. We’d better leave the doo r open. We found the ruins most interesting. (3). 介词短语 He left his bag in the office. We found ourselves in the middle of a desert. (4). 副词 He opened the window to let the fresh air in. I saw him out with his father the day before yesterday. (5). 现在分词：
非谓语动词作宾补 考点一感官动词see/ watch /observe/look at/hear/listen to/ notice等和使役动词have 后面的宾补。分两种情况： （一）当宾语与宾补存在逻辑上的主动关系时，动词原形 （省略to的不定式）表完成；doing表主动正在进行； （二）当宾语与宾补存在逻辑上的被动关系时，done与宾语 表示完成或没有一定的时间性；being done 表示正在进行。如： 1 I heard her sing an English song just now . 刚才我听到她唱 了一首英文歌。 2 I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday . 昨天经过她房间时，我听到她在唱一首英文歌曲。 3 I heard an English song being sung when I passed by her room yesterday . 昨天经过她房间时，我听到她在唱一首英文歌曲。 4 I’d like to see my plan carried out . 我想看到这个计划被执行。 注意：不及物动词的过去分词表示完成或状态I looked down at my necklace and found my necklace gone . 对应练习: When I passed by the hall , I heard the clock ___ twelve . A strike B stuck C sticking D to strick 用动词的适当形式填空：At that moment I saw him ____________ (cross) the street . I was glad to see the children well ____________ (take) care of . 考点二let的复合结构：1 Let + 宾语+ do 让...做... 2 Let + 宾语+ be + done 让...被... 例如：Don’t let your child p lay with matches . Let the work be done immediately . 考点三leave 的复合结构，意为：使。。。处于某种状态 1 leave sb doing sth 让某人一直... （宾语与宾补之间是逻辑上的主动关系，表示动作正在进行） 2 leave sb to do sth 留下某人去做某事 （宾语与宾补之间是逻辑上的主动关系，不定式动作表将来） 3 leave sth to be done 留下某事要做 （宾语与宾补之间是逻辑上的被动关系，不定式表将来被动） 4 leave sth undone 留下某事未作（ 宾语与宾补之间是逻辑上的被动关系， 表示被动和完成。常见的宾补动词有undone/unfinished/unsettled/untouched等） It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running He left , leaving me to do all the work . We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving our problems to be settled . The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious .
非谓语作补语 一．带to的不定式（to do ）作宾补的动词 常见的有：ask, invite, tell, want, encourage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, order, force, cause, allow, permit, forbid, warn, remind, teach, send, call on, wait for, would like / love / prefer等表示劝请、要求类动词后，用带to的不定式作宾补 1. My advisor encouraged ________ a summer course to improve my writing skills. (北京卷) A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take 2. The teacher asked us ________ so much noise. (北京卷) A. don’t mak e B. not make C. not making D. not to make 3. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ________. (全国卷) A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not do 4. The patient was warned ________ oily food after the operation. (全国卷) A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating 二. 在使役动词后作宾补的不定式不带to 在使役动词make, let, have后，一般用不带to的不定式作宾补，但在其被动式后作主语补足语时，要加上to。 1. Though he had often made his little sister ________, today he was made ________ by his little sister. A. cry, to cry B. crying, crying C. cry, cry D. to cry, cry 2. Paul doesn’t have to be made ________. He always works hard. (全国卷) A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 三．在感官动词后作宾补的非谓语动词形式 感官动词feel, listen to, hear, see, look at, watch, notice，observe 等后面的宾语与作宾补的非谓语动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不带to的(在被动式后作主补时要加to)不定式(全过程)或者现在分词作宾补(正在发生)，是被动关系是时，用过去分词作宾补 1. They knew her very well. They had seen her ________ up from childhood. (全国卷) A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow 2. The missing boy were last seen ________ near the river. (全国卷) A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play 3. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ________ the next year. (全国卷) A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to carry out 四．其宾语后可用分词或不定式的3个动词 在want, get, have等动词的宾语后面可接现在分词、过去分词或动词不定式。现分述如下： ①want sb. doing希望某人做某事(多用于否定)；want sb. to do要某人做某事；want sth. done=want sth. to be done(被动)。 I don’t wan t you arriving late. 我希望你不要迟到。(主动、否定句) I want the letter (to be) opened now. 我现在就想把这封信拆开。(被动) ②get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事(主动、将来); get…doing使…开始做某事; get…done=have sth. done请人做/ 遭受(被动)。如： I’ll try to get her ________ the doctor. (上海卷) A. see B. seeing C. to see D. for seeing ③have sth. done=get sth. done请人做某事; have sb / sth. doing sth. 使某人/ 某物一直做某事或者处于某种状态；have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事(见使役动词)；have sth. to do有事要做(见非谓语动词作定语部分)。 1. He didn’t keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his wa tch ________. (上海卷) A. to repair B. repaired C.repairing D. repair
非谓语动词做宾补的练习题 用单词的适当形式填空： 1.Listen! Do you hear someone ___________(call)for help? 2. I was sleeping when I heard my name ____________(shout) 3.He’d seen us ____________(sit) by the lake all those times. 4. To his surprise, Jack found his son ________(dress) as Santa Claus on Christmas Eve. 5.You begin to understand how Chinese speakers have their thoughts ____________(organize), and how they understand things. 6. The patient was warned not __________(eat) oily food. 7.Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English ________________ (improve) in a short period. 8. The heartwarming story began in September last year when a woman asked the primary school in her neighborhood ____________(accept) her six-year-old son. 9.If you expect people ___________(give up) the habit of driving, we must give them another alternative(选择) 10.I like the film because it can make me_____________(laugh) 11.She kept me ____________(wait)over 10minutes. 12.with so many people_____________（look）at him,he felt very nervous. 13.with the problem__________(solve),the quality has been improved.
五种基本句型——主谓宾宾（宾补）结构 主语＋谓语＋宾语（somebody）＋宾语(something) 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语 这个句型的语后面有两个宾语， 这两个宾语放在一起叫双宾语（直接宾语+直接宾语） 例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. 这里“me”和“a book”一人一物做宾语就是双宾语 这两个宾语：前一个宾语称为"间接宾语"，多由代词或名词充当，通常为“人”； 后一个宾语称为"直接宾语"，往往由名词充当，通常为“物”。 这类句型常有"给某人某物"、"送某人某物"、"留给某人某物"等意思。 常见的这类谓语动词有： give(给某人……), bring(带给某人……), bring somebody something tell(告诉某人……), tell somebody something send(送给某人……), send somebody something leave(留给某人……), leave somebody something pass(递给某人……), pass somebody something read(给某人读……), read somebody something write(给某人写……), write somebody something take(给某人拿……), take somebody something show(给某人看……), show somebody something teach(教给某人……), teach somebody something get(给某人弄到……), get somebody something lend(借给某人……), lend somebody something buy(给某人买……), buy somebody something pay(支付给某人……), pay somebody something hand(递给某人……) 。hand somebody something 注：上面各词的中文释义是刻意按照该词的常用动词句型而给的，以便于大家更好地理解该词出现于哪个基本句型中。
1. 在感官动词(feel, listen to, hear, see, look at, watch, notice 等)和使役动词(make, let, have)后，要用不带 to 的不定式作宾补。但在这些动词的被动式(如果可以变为被动式的话)后用作主语补足语的不定式要带 to。 He made me work 12 hours a day. 他要我每天工作12小时。 I was made to work 12 hours a day. 每天要我工作12小时。 记忆方法：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, have, make)、四看(see, look at, watch, notice)。 2. 在下列动词后用作宾语补足语的非谓语动词用不定式，即用于 vt. + sb / sth + to do sth 的形式：advise 建议 allow 允许 ask 叫，请 bear 忍受 beg 乞求 cause 导致 command 命令 encourage 鼓励 expect 期待 forbid 禁止 force 迫使 get 使 hate 讨厌 help 帮助 intend 想要 invite 邀请 leave 让 like 喜欢 mean 打算 need 需要 oblige 迫使 order 命令 permit 允许 persuade 说服 prefer 宁愿 request 请求 remind 提醒 teach 教 tell 告诉 trouble 麻烦 want 想要 warn 警告 wish 希望 wait for 等 would like 想要 would love 想要 would prefer 宁愿 注：(1) 在 help 后作宾补的不定式带不带 to 均可。 (2) 但 fear, excuse, refuse, insist, hope, suggest, agree, decide, demand, thank, arrange 等动词后不可接 sb to do sth。 3. 用非谓语动词作宾语补足语的常用结构： (1) have sb do sth使某人做某事 (2) have sb doing sth 使某人或某物处于做某事的状态中 (3) have sth done 请人做某事，遭受某事 (4) catch sb doing sth 抓住(碰上)某人在做某事 (5) feel sth / sb doing sth 感觉某人或某物在做某事 (6) find sb / sth doing sth 发现某人或某物在做某事 (7) keep sb / sth doing sth 使某人或某物不停地做某事 (8) start sb doing sth 使某人开始做某事 (9) send sb to do sth 派(叫)某人去做某事。如： (10) send sb / sth doing sth 使某人或某物迅速做某事 (11) leave sb to do sth 让某人去做某事 (12) leave sb doing sth 让某人做某事(处于做某事的状态中) (13) set sb to do sth 使某人做某事 (14) set sb (sth) doing sth 使某人或某物开始做某事 4. 非谓语动词作宾补的一个原则：当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不定式或现在分词；当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，用过去分词，或用不定式、现在分词的被动式.
分词作宾语补足语在历届高考中出现频率很高,是各省市高考命题的一大热点,因此正确掌握分词在句中的用法十分重要。要想顺利解决分词作宾语补足语的问题,就要掌握以下思路:分词具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,同时也有动词的特征。过去分词在时态上强调动作已经完成,在语态上侧重于被动;而现在分词在时态上强调动作正在进行,在语态上侧重于主动。 一、概念 宾语补足语：在英语中，某些及物动词不仅需要宾语，而且还要求某个词或词组来补充说明宾语，即表示宾语代表的人或物所发出的动作或所处的状态，这个词或短语称为宾语补足语。有些语法书把宾语和补足语称为复合宾语。 句型：及物动词+宾语（n./pron.）+ 宾语补足语（n./ adj./ adv./ to do/ -ing/ -ed/ 介词短语共7种表示法） 可以用分词作主语或宾语补足语的动词 要会使用分词作补足语，必须记住哪些动词可以接分词充当补足语。 1. 感官动词feel，hear，listen to，see，watch，notice，observe，look at（一感二听五看）及find等既可以接现在分词又可以接过去分词充当补足语。如： I saw him ___________(change )the wheel of his car.我看见他在换汽车轮子。(意味着我看到了整个动作过程) I saw him ___________(change)the wheel of his car.我看见他换汽车轮子。(可能意味着我只看到动作过程的一部分) I saw the wheel of his car_________( change) by a boy just now. I saw him__________ ( run) down the street. 我看见他沿着街跑。 I felt an ant_________ ( climb) over my leg. 我感到一只蚂蚁正在我的腿上爬。 Suddenly I noticed her__________( stand) outside. 突然我注意到她正站在外边。 When we went home, we found the door ______ (lock). We can hear the windows ___________(beat) by the heavy rain drops. They felt themselves _________(cheat). The American Chinese is amazed to find his hometown greatly _________(change). I could hear the girls _________(sing) in the classroom.我能听到女孩们在教室里唱歌。 I have never heard the song __________(sing) in my school. 我从未听过这首歌在我们学校唱过。 In the dream Peter saw himself __________ by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start. (2006上海卷) A. chased B. to be chased C. be chased D. having been chased After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice him. (2007上海春) A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call He was seen _________( cross) the road.(整个过程)有人看见他穿过马路。 He was seen__________( cross) the road.(正在进行的动作)有人看见他在穿过马路。 The missing boys were last seen_________( play) near the river. 注意：_______________________________________________________ 2．表示“致使”动词get，have，make等既可以接现在分词又可以接过去分词充当补足语。（keep / leave sb/sth doing） H e managed to get the task________(finish) on time. 他设法按时完成了任务。 T he director got her assistant __________some hot dogs for the meeting. (2008全国II卷) A. picked up B. picks up C.to pick up D. picking up J enny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English ________in a short period. (2007福建卷) A. improved B. improving C. to improve . improve --Good morning. Can I help you? --I'd like to have the package__________(weigh), madam.（MET89） T he director had her assistant __________some hot dogs for the meeting. (2008全国II卷) A. picked up B. picks up C. pick up D. picking up M y parents have always made me ________about myself, even when I was twelve.(2007江苏卷) A. feeling well B. feeling good C. feel well D. feel good
With 结构（with+宾语+宾补）宾补可以是：过去分词，现在分词，不定式，副词，adj.，介词短语 可以做定语，伴随状语，原因状语，结果状语等等。 1. 1) With his key lost, he couldn’t get into his house.(钥匙丢了, 他进不了家门. ) 2) With his hair cut, Father looks much younger. (理了发,父亲看上去年轻多了.) 3) He sat there with his eyes closed. (他闭目坐在那儿。) 4) All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. (整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。) 5) The meeting ended with all the problems settled. (问题解决了,会散了.) 2. 1) With the teacher standing beside, the girl felt a bit uneasy. (老师站在一旁,女孩子感到有点不自在.) 2) She was chatting with her friend, with her child playing beside her． (她在跟朋友闲聊，孩子在旁边玩。) 3) He felt uneasy with the whole class staring at him. (他感到很不安，因为所有的同学都盯着他。) 4) The boy lay on the grass, with his eyes looking into the sky. (小男孩躺在草地上，两眼望着天空。) 5) With night coming on, we started for home. 夜幕降临，我们动身回家。 6) I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. (因为妈妈有病，我无法去度假。) 7) He fell asleep with the lamp burning. (他没熄灯就睡着了。) 3.1) I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash. (要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。) 2) With so many people to help us, we are sure to finish the work in time.
主谓宾定状补的用法 主语,就是动作的执行者,一般都是名词,有时是用一个句子来作主语,这种情况叫做主语从句. 例如:He teaches English.He is a teacher.He就是主语. 谓语,就是行为动词,而行为动词又包括,连系动词,实义动词. 表语,就是表明主语的身分,性质特点,如上面的例子,teacher就是表语,表明主语he是一个老师.表语是用在连系动词后面的,一起构成"系表"结构. 宾语,就是动作的承担者.例如上面的English就是动词teach的承担者. 直接宾语和间接宾语是指一些词可以加双宾语时而言的! 例如give ,有句型give sb. sth.和give sth. to sb. 这种情况下,sb是间接宾语,sth,是直接宾语.简记为:直间两个宾,间宾在后,to 领先. 宾语补足语,就是补充说明宾语的状态特征. 例如;We call him Tom.我们叫他汤姆,Tom就是him 的补足语. 主语补足语是补充说明主语的形态特征. 例如The deer was caught alive.那只鹿被活捉,alive就是主语deer的补足语,说明这只鹿还是活的. 定语,就是形容词或者相当于形容词的词来修饰名词. 例如:She is a beautiful girl.beautiful就是girl的定语. 状语,就是句子的枝叶,用来补充说明其时间,地点,条件,程度等. I get up at 6:30. at 6:30就是一个时间状语. 主谓宾 主谓宾结构 主谓宾结构为一种文法的语序，即语法顺序为主语—谓语—宾语的结构，像英文的"I eat apples"就是一个例子，在此范例中I为主词（主语），eat为动词（谓语），apples为受词（宾语）。 汉语也是以主谓宾结构表达。“我爱你”这三个字，我是主语，爱是谓语，你就是宾语。 虽然使用主谓宾结构的语言在事实上没有使用主宾谓结构的语言种类多，但是也是相当多的，且许多克里奥尔语都使用主谓宾结构为主要语序。 主谓宾定状补 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语等。 顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。
第一章 | 主谓宾补结构 今天这篇文章是要教大家顿悟主谓宾补结构。 上节课我们向大家详细讲解了简单句的五种结构之主谓双宾结构，主谓双宾结构最重要的是有两个宾语，今天我们要讲的另一个简单句结构也以宾语为重点，叫主谓宾补结构。 语法名词：主谓宾补、宾语补足语、补语、使役动词、形式宾语 核心讲解： 我们先来看几个例子： （1）形容词做补语 ① 我发现他病了。 主语谓语宾语补语 I found him ill. 主语谓语宾语补语 I是“老公”，为主语；found是“老婆”，为谓语；him是“儿子”，为宾语。句中ill 是用来补充说明宾语状态的补语（他怎么了？病了），也就是“儿媳妇”。 ②孩子们的经验不足使他们易受伤害。 主语谓语宾语补语 Children’s inexperience makes them vulnerable. 主语谓语宾语补语 inexperience是不可数名词，其谓语动词应为三人称单数，加s，为makes；这个句中，Children’s inexperience 是“老公”，为主语；makes是“老婆”，为谓语；them是“儿子”，为宾语；vulnerable是“儿媳妇”，为形容词做补语。 （2）动词不定式做补语 ① 我要你知道两件事。 I want you to know two things.
主语谓语宾语补语 这个句中，to know是动词不定式作补语，补充说明宾语的情况。 ②互联网诱使人们去梦想一夜暴富。 主语谓语宾语补语 The Internet tempts people to dream of being rich overnight. 主语谓语宾语补语 the Internet是专有名词，为单数，谓语动词tempt应该为三人称单数，加s；谓语动词tempt后面习惯接不定式；dream是不及物动词，需要接of后再接名词，be动词需改成动名词being的形式。“to dream of being rich overnight”为不定式作补语起补充说明的作用。 总结： 主谓宾补结构和主谓双宾结构的区别在于： 主谓宾补可以看做一个结构完整的句子和一个结构不完整的句子。比如：I found him ill.=I found him + him ill我发现他生病了=我发现他+他生病了。所以说补语是儿子（宾语）的女朋友，虽然现在还不是一个家庭（一个句子），但是已经有了一家人的意思了。 主谓双宾却不能像主谓宾补那样看做两个句子。比如：I bought him a ticket. 我给他买了一张票，不等于“我买了他+他是一张票”。毕竟双宾语就是两个儿子（干的和亲的），两个儿子没法“成家”啊！ 要点拓展： 接下来我们通过一些例子来进一步了解主谓宾补结构： 1.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补（名词） They name him Kevin. 他们命名他为凯文 主语谓语宾语宾补 句中及物动词name+宾语him无法表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分，即宾补，来补充说明宾语的情况。这句话可以分解成：他们命名他+他叫凯文。所以是主谓宾补结构。
非谓语动词作宾补的比较 姓名：唐长贵 单位：四川省内江市第一中学 英语中某些及物动词后除了要求跟有宾语外，还要求跟有宾语补足语（宾补），句子的意思才能完整。现在分词、过去分词和不定式三种非谓语动词都可以充当宾补。但由于它们的形式不同，表示的意义也不同。现比较如下： 一、现在分词作宾补 现在分词作宾补表示动作当时正在进行，尚未结束，强调动作的发生过程或当时一段时间的状态。此时，宾语与宾补之间的关系是主动的主谓关系。下列两类动词之后通常用现在分词作宾补。 1、表“感觉”的动词：see; watch; observe; notice; look at; feel; find; catch; hear; listen to等。例如： I heard Tom singing an English song in the next room. 我听见汤姆在隔壁正在唱一首英语歌（汤姆正在发出“唱歌”这个动作。）On the top of the hill, he could see smoke rising from the chimneys． 站在山顶上，他可以看到缕缕炊烟正在从烟囱里冉冉升起。(炊烟正在发出“升起”这个动作。) He looked around and caught a man putting his hand into the pocket of a passenger. 他环顾四周，无意中发现一个人正在偷旅客的钱包。(catch sb doing sth.意思是“无意发现某人（正）在做什么”。) He was found smoking in the hall, so he was fined heavily. 有人发现他在大厅里抽烟，结果被重罚。 2、表“使役”的动词：have; keep; get; start; send; leave; set等。例如： His letter left me feeling pretty bad． 他的信使我感到相当难受。（指当时那段时间的状态。） What she said set me thinking． 她说的话让我深思。（指当时那段时间“思考”的状态。）
非谓语动词作宾补的比较 一、现在分词作宾补 现在分词作宾补表示动作当时正在进行，尚未结束，强调动作的发生过程或当时一段时间的状态。此时，宾语与宾补之间的关系是主动的主谓关系。下列两类动词之后通常用现在分词作宾补。 1、表“感觉”的动词：see; watch; observe; notice; look at; feel; find; catch; hear; listen to等。例如： I heard Tom singing an English song in the next room.（汤姆正在发出“唱歌”这个动作。） On the top of the hill, he could see smoke rising from the chimneys． (炊烟正在发出“升起”这个动作。) He looked around and caught a man putting his hand into the pocket of a passenger. 他环顾四周，无意中发现一个人正在偷旅客的钱包。(catch sb doing sth.“无意发现某人（正）在做什么”。) He was found smoking in the hall, so he was fined heavily. 有人发现他在大厅里抽烟，结果被重罚。 2、表“使役”的动词：have; keep; get; start; send; leave; set等。例如： His letter left me feeling pretty bad．他的信使我感到相当难受。（指当时那段时间的状态。） What she said set me thinking．她说的话让我深思。（指当时那段时间“思考”的状态。） I’m sorry to keep you waiting so long a time. 很抱歉让您久等了。（指当时那段时间“等待”的状态。） 二、过去分词作宾补 过去分词作宾补，强调动作的完成和结果，此时，宾语与宾补之间的关系是被动的主谓关系。它主要是用在下列三类动词之后。 1、表示“感觉”的动词，主要有see; watch; observe; notice; look at; feel; find; catch; hear; listen to等。例如：When they got there，they found the house burnt down． （房子已经被“烧掉”，强调结果。） I heard the song sung yesterday.（歌被人“唱”。） 2、表示“心理状态”的动词：like; think; expect; want; wish等。例如： The waitress asked the American how he liked his steak cooked. 女服务员问那个美国人愿意怎么烹调牛排。（牛排被“烹调”。） I wish my homework finished be fore five o’clock.. (作业被“完成”。) 3、表示“使役”的动词：have; get; leave; keep; make; order 等。 Don’t leave those things undone..要把那些事情做完。(事情被“做”。) The teacher couldn’t make himself paid attention to because there was too much noise outside. 老师无法让（学生）集中注意力，因为外面太吵了。（指老师本人不能被学生“注意”。） 注意： 使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种意义，具体指那种意义，要根据上下语境来确定。 过去分词所表示的动作由主语让他人完成的。例如：
Unit 6 English Food: Grammar Object complements Time: April 3rd Teacher: Zhu Zhouyue Class: Class4, Senior 2 Teaching aim: Master the different usage of the infinitive, the present participle and the past participle as the objective complements. Teaching methods: Inductive Method, Practice Teaching procedures: Step1 Revision and Lead in Revise the general difference between the infinitive, the present participle and the past participle that we have learnt. Look at the following sentences, and find out the object complements in them and try to make comparison. a.Don’t make me do this or that. I’m too busy. b.The teacher told us not to read in the sun. c.I saw her dancing happily in the classroom. d.The manager wanted the letter typed at onc e. Today we are going to learn more details about the usage of the infinitive, the present participle and the past participle as the objective complements. Step2 Grammar 非谓语动词作宾语补足语的用法及区别 一、不定式作宾补 1．常见的接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词：tell, ask, want, teach, allow, expect, get, 等。其否定形式在不定式前加not。作宾补的动词所表示的动作发生在这些动词之后。如： a. My mother often tells me to study hard at school. b. Mr. Feng asked us not to play too many computer games at home. c. I want you to teach me how to learn English well. 2．常见的接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要是一些表示感觉的动词一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to 三让：let, make, have 四看：see, watch, notice, observe 半帮助: help help sb. to do / do sth. 此时不定式（短语）表示的动作发生在感觉动词之前，事情的全部过程已经结束。 例如：a. Did you hear me sing a song last night?