分词作状语-独立主格
分词和分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式和伴随情况。在表示时间、原因、条件、让步和方式时，通常可转换为相应的状语从句，表示方式和伴随情况时，可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分。
例如：Seeing the teacher entering the room,the students stood up.(=When the students saw the teacher entering the room,they stood up.)学生们看见老师走进房间，都站了起来。
Heated,ice will be changed into water.(=When it is heated...)当冰加热时，它就会变成水。(条件、时间)
Being excited, I couldn’t go to sleep.(=As I was excited,I couldn’t go to sleep.)我兴奋得睡不着觉。(原因)
I stood there, listening to the broadcast.(=I stood there and listened to the broadcast.)我站在那儿听广播。(伴随)
The children went away laughing.(=The children went away.They laughed as they went.)孩子们笑着走开了。(行为方式)
Knowing all this,they made me pay for the damage.(=Although they know all this...)他们尽管了解这一切，还是要我赔偿损失。
(3)分词作状语与主语的关系。
A. 现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。
例如：He went out shutting the door behind him.他出去后将门随手关上。
Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。
B. 过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。
例如：Given more attention,the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。
Faced with difficulties,we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。
(4)分词作状语时前面可用连词。
when,while,once,if,unless,though等引导的状语从句，若其主语与主句主语相同时，可保留该副词连接词，其余部分则化简为分词短语。
例如：When (being) free，I’ll fetch you.有空时，我会来接你。
While walking along the street early in the morning,he saw her.一早在街上散步时，他看到了她。
If falling ill,I’ll see my doctor.如果生病我会去看医生。
Once completed,this power station supplies the nearby towns and villages with electricity.这个电站一旦建成，将向附近的城乡供电。
Even though given every opportunity,they would not try.即使给他们一切机会，他们也不肯试一试。
Though knowing the truth,he remained silent.虽然他知道实情，却保持沉默。
Unless (being) rich,I am not going abroad.除非有钱，要不然我是不会出国的。
(5)分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语须和谓语动词的主语一致，否则分词必须有自己的主语。这种带主语的分词结构称作分词的独立结构，或独立主格。
例如：The rain having stopped,the soldiers continued their match.雨停后，战士们又继续行军了。
The boys returned,their face covered with sweat.孩子们回来了，满脸是汗。
〈注〉有时也可用“with(或without)+名词(或代词宾格)+分词”的结构，表示伴随情况。
例如：He fell asleep with the lamp burning.他亮着灯睡着了。
The teacher entered the classroom,with a bag (being)in his hand.老师进了教室，手中提着一个包。
(6)分词作连词引导状语从句。
这些分词有:provided (or provided that)，providing that, supposing,seeing (that), considering 等。
例如：You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting provided you don’t mind taking the night train. 如果你不介意搭夜班火车，你就能早点儿到北京开会。
I’ll go,providing you go too. 如果你去的话我就去。
Supposing it rains,what shall we do?假如要下雨的话，我们怎么办?
Seeing (that) she is old enough to get married,I don’t think you can stop her. 鉴于她已到结婚年龄，我看你阻止不了她。
Considering he has been learning English only for a year,he speaks it quite well.考虑到他学习英语才一年，他讲得相当不错。
(7)动词不定式和分词作状语的区别。
A. 分词作状语一般表示伴随，而不定式常常表示目的。
例如：They stood by the roadside talking about the plan.他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(伴随)
They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他们站在路边，为的是谈论这个计划。(目的)
B. 分词作状语放在句子开头，除表示原因之外，有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时，除了表示目的以外，还表示结果或原因。
例如：Reading attentively,he forgot the time for lunch.由于在专心读书，他忘了吃午饭的时间。(原因)
Reading carefully,he found something he had not known before.他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(时间)
Reading carefully,you’ll learn something new. 只要你仔细阅读，你会学到一些新的东西。(条件)
His family was too poor to support him.他的家庭太穷，不能维持他的生活。(结果)
The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf. 这男孩个子不够高，手伸不到书架。(结果)
We are glad to hear the news.我们很高兴听到这消息。(原因)
2) 现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较
不管是现在分词还是过去分词作状语，如果单独作状语，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致。分词作状语通常可以转换成一个相应的状语从句，如果状语从句中的谓语动词为被动结构，就用过去分词；如果状语从句中的谓语动词为主动结构，就用现在分词。有时为了强调，分词前可带连词when, while, if, though, as if, unless等一起作状语，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。例如：
Working hard (If you work hard), you will succeed.
如果你努力，你会成功的。
[b] Defeated (= Though he was defeated), he remained a popular boxer.
虽然他被击败了，但他仍然是一个受人喜爱的拳击手。
独立主格
（一）：独立主格结构的构成：
名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；
名词(代词)+形容词；
名词(代词)+副词；
名词(代词)+不定式；
名词(代词) +介词短语构成。
（二）独立主格结构的特点：
1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
举例：
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
考试结束了，我们开始放假。
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
This done, we went home.
工作完成后，我们才回家。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
分词短语作状语的时态和语态 1. 分词的时态及其判断 * 过去分词没有时态形式的变化，因此been done 和had done 任何时候都不会出现。 * 现在分词有两种时态形式： 一般形式：doing 完成形式：having done * 判断分词用什么形式主要是要与句子中的主要动词行为发生时间进行对比，如果同时或相继发生，用一般式；如果分词的行为的发生时间早于主要动词的发生时间，则用完成式。例如：--Working there, we learned a lot from them. (劳动的同时学到了许多) --Looking out of the window, I saw groups of children play games. (先望出去，接着就看到，视线没有断开) -- Having finished his work, he went to help his classmates.(完成工作在前，帮助他人在后，中间有停顿) -- Not having done it right, I tried again. (没做好在前，明显停顿后再次尝试) * 伴随状语是与主要动词的行为同时发生的动作，如果有前有后就不成其为伴随，所引不能用完成形式having done 表示，否则就是逻辑错误。 2. 分词的语态及其判断
* 过去分词本身就表示被动 * 现在分词的被动语态同样有两种形式 一般式：being done 完成式：having been done * 主动与被动的判断主要是要找到分词的逻辑主语，一般说来，用作状语的分词，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，它们之间有两种关系：逻辑主语是分词行为的支配者，即主谓关系——用现在分词主动形式表示； 逻辑主语是分词的行为对象，即动宾关系——用过去分词或现在分词的被动形式,分别表示： 过去分词——与主要动词先后发生，如： -- Inspired him, we decided to work harder. (被鼓励接下来决定更加努力) 现在分词一般式——与主要动词同时发生，如： -- Being surrounded, the enemy was forced to surrender.（被包围的同时被迫投降） 现在分词完成式——先于主要动词的动作，如： -- Having been asked to stay, I couldn't very well leave. (先被要求留下，（考虑后)觉得不好离开。 * 独立主格结构：
现在分词 Form: ?doing ?having done（先后关系） 现在分词表示主动含义或动作正在进行。 Exercise: 划出句中的现在分词，并指出它在句中做何成分。 1. The three contestants were sitting at their desks on the stage, waiting. 2. Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 3. Having finished his homework, he went out. 4. People living in the cities used to regard farming as boring and backward. 5. The changes in Sunqiao is very amazing. 现在分词做定语： Exercise: Combine each pair of sentences 1. The men are required to come to the headmaster’s office. They had some overseas working experience. 2. The people take part in a variety of exercise They can keep healthy. 3. The research at Sunqiao produces seeds. The seeds help farmers grow better crops. 4. People used to regard farming as boring and backward. These people live in cities. 5.Do you know the boy? He is standing under the tree. 6. The spiders store the mice for later. The mice serve as a source of food. Exercise: compare The swimming pool is clean and big. The swimming boy is his brother. The big writing desk is very expensive. The writing student is Tom’s classmate. 现在分词作状语：时间，条件，伴随方式，原因，结果 Exercise: rewrite the sentences 1. Kitty heard the news. She jumped with joy. 2. Tom put on his swim-suit. He dived into the swimming pool. 3. While she was cooking, she burned her right hand. 4. After he had finished his homework, he went out to play football. 以上改写后的三个句子中的现在分词短语做______状语。 现在分词作状语：相当于状语从句，但从句和主句的____语必须一致. 时间状语： 1. Working in the factory, he learned a lot from the workers.(分词一般式） 2. Having read the letter, she got very excited（完成式） 3. ________hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. 4. = as soon as _________________________________________. 5. Be careful when crossing the street. 条件状语： 1.If you walk hard, you will succeed. 2. = _______________________________ 伴随方式状语 1. She came _______(run) towards me. 2. The children ran out of the room, __________(laugh) and _______(talk) merrily. 3. ____________(travel) by jeep, we visited a number of cities. 4. ____________(follow) the guide, they started to climb. 5. _____________(follow) by the students, the teacher entered the office. 原因状语 1. Because I was sick, I stayed at home.
教学目标：讲解现在分词作状语及区分不定式、现在分词作状语的异同 重点难点： 1.现在分词和不定式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。 2.分词作状语时，要看它同句子主语之间的关系，以确定是现在分词还是过去分词。 3.注意非谓语动词与句子谓语动词的时间关系，以确定分词的时态形式 4、弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系，以确定非谓语动词的语态形式. 5. 连词+分词形式（分词作状语的省略问题） 6.不定式作结果状语和现在分词作结果状语的区别。 7. 现在分词的独立主格结构和评价性状语 Step 1 lead in 朗读下面一首唐诗，找出其中的现在分词形式 Thinking in the Silent Night 静夜思 Before my bed there is bright moonlight 床前明月光 So that it seems that frost on the ground. 疑是地上霜 Lifting my head, I watch the bright moonlight. 举头望明月 Lowering my head, I dream tha t I’m home. 低头思故乡 Step2 现在分词作状语的意义 动词的现在分词作状语，修饰动词，相当于状语从句，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况及独立成分等，作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。 一. -ing分词短语作时间状语，代替一个时间状语从句(引导词有when ,while ) 温馨提示： 1．现在分词所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词when, while引出。 2．现在分词所表示的动作一发生，主句的动作就立即发生时。如： When she saw those pictures，she remembered her childhood. =Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，她想起了自己的童年。 As soon as he heard the good news, he jumped with joy. =（0n）Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy. 他一听到这个好消息，就高兴地跳起来。 二．-ing分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。(引导词有because ,as ,since) 如：As he was ill, he didn't go to school yesterday =Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。 三．-ing分词也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。(引导词有if,unless,once) If you work hard, you will succeed. =Working hard, you will succeed. 如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。 If you turn to the left, you will find the path leading to the school.
其实分词做伴随状语就是分词做方式状语的一种，伴随是一种方式。大多情况下其实方式状语从句都等于伴随状语从句。只有在just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文体 分词短语作伴随状语 伴随状语的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的 1）现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。 现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。 1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。 ）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。 比如 The teacher came in the classroom with handing a book in his hand. with handing就是个例子 过去分词，现在分词都可以做伴随状语,即在某件事情发生的时候相伴发生的事情这个句子老师进入了教室，他是拿着本书进入教室的，在他进入教室的时候他的手中有一本书（相伴）知道意思了吧。 做题的时候要注意区分什么时候使用过去分词和什么时候使用现在分词做伴随状语。一般的无非又几种情况： 1，过去分词表示一种完成了的或者是被动意义的动作 分词作状语（关键找逻辑主语） a)放在句首的分词往往看作时间状语1以及原因状语2 1. Looking (when I looked) at the picture, I couldn't help missing my middle school days. 2.Seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital. =As he was seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital. b)放在句中或句末常常看作为伴随状态(并列句) The girl was left alone in the room，weeping（crying ）bitterly. (但注意特殊：Generally/frankly speaking... / taken as a whole(总的来讲）不考虑逻辑主语，看作为独立成分)
谓语动词: 有提示词, 句子缺谓语(与主语构成主谓结构) I. I _______ (tell) by my classmates about that. 2. My mother often __________ (stop) me from watching TV. 时态语态变化, 及主谓一致 非谓语动词(主动---doing , 被动---done, 目的/结果/将要to do ,) 1. We must also consider the reaction of the person __________ (receive) the gift. 2. My pupils, Tom__________ (include), liked her. 1. He entered, ________ (hold) a book in his hand. 2. He entered the room and _______ (hold) a book in his hand. 3. I politely refused her invitation and _____ (walk) away. 4. I politely refused her invitation, ______ (walk) away. 两个动词是同时发生的时候 主语+ 谓语1 + and / but + 谓语2 主语+ 谓语，+非谓语 1. When he _______ (come) in, I was reading a book. 2. Unless I ________ (invite), I won’t attend he party. 3. When _____ (hear) the news, I was excited. 4. Unless ____ (invite), I won’t attend he party. --- When / if / unless / /After/Before 等连词后没有主语+非谓语（--- ing /---ed ) , 主句---When / if / unless / /After /Before等连词+ 主语+ 谓语，主句 1. A boy ________( call ) Jack came here today 2. A boy who ________( call ) Jack came here today 3. We enjoy the movie _________ (direct) by a world famous artist. 4. We enjoy the movie which_________ (direct) by the world famous artist. 名词后没关系词时+ 非谓语, 非谓语动词修饰前面的名词做定语 名词后有关系词时+谓语，做定语从句中的谓语 1.“You can’t catch me!” Jan et shouted, _______ (run) away. 2.He said thanks and ____ (smile) a row of teeth. 3.When first ___________ (introduce) to the market, these products enjoyed great success. 4.When he_______( arrive ) at the corner , he met his friend. 5.________ ( sleep ) late, he turned off the alarm clock. 6.Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _______(know) only to people with specific knowledge. [例1] I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man 18 (sit) at the front. （2011广东卷） [例2] He spit it out, __37___(say) it was awful. （2010广东卷） [例3]The fact that so many people still smoke in public places _______ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking. A. suggest B. suggests C. suggested D. suggesting turn
分词作状语： 分词和分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式和伴随情况。在表示时间、原因、条件、让步和方式时，通常可转换为相应的状语从句，表示方式和伴随情况时，可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分。 例如：Seeing the teacher entering the room,the students stood up.(=When the students saw the teacher entering the room,they stood up.) Heated,ice will be changed into water.(=When it is heated...) Being excited, I couldn’t go to sleep.(=As I was excited,I couldn’t go to sleep.) I stood there, listening to the broadcast.(=I stood there and listened to the broadcast.) The children went away laughing.(=The children went away.They laughed as they went.) Knowing all this,they made me pay for the damage.(=Although they know all this... (3)分词作状语与主语的关系。 A. 现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。 例如：He went out shutting the door behind him. Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help. B. 过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。 例如：Given more attention,the trees could have grown better. F aced with difficulties,we must try to overcome them. (4)分词作状语时前面可用连词。 when,while,once,if,unless,though等引导的状语从句，若其主语与主句主语相同时，可保留该副词连接词，其余部分则化简为分词短语。 例如：When (being) free，I’ll fetch you. While walking along the street early in the morning,he saw her. If falling ill,I’ll see my doctor.如果生病我会去看医生。 Once completed,this power station supplies the nearby towns and villages with electricity. Even though given every opportunity,they would not try. Though knowing the truth,he remained silent. Unless (being) rich,I am not going abroad. (5)分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语须和谓语动词的主语一致，否则分词必须有自己的主语。这种带主语的分词结构称作分词的独立结构，或独立主格。 例如：The rain having stopped,the soldiers continued their match. The boys returned,their face covered with sweat. 〈注〉有时也可用“with(或without)+名词(或代词宾格)+分词”的结构，表示伴随情况。 例如：He fell asleep with the lamp burning.
分词作状语练习题解析 1. 分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件，方式或伴随状况。通常可转换成相应的状语从句；表示方式或伴随状况时可以转换成并列句或非限制性定语从句。例如： Put into use in April000 , the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. 分词短语作时间状语 Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network , Alice was in low spirits. 分词短语作原因状语 Given time , he’ll make a fist-class tennis player. 分词短语作条件状语 We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, thinking that all children like these things. 分词短语作伴随状语 2. 有时为了强调，分词前可带when, while, if, though, as if, unless等连词一起作状语，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。例如： When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
分词作状语-独立主格 分词和分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式和伴随情况。在表示时间、原因、条件、让步和方式时，通常可转换为相应的状语从句，表示方式和伴随情况时，可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分。 例如：Seeing the teacher entering the room,the students stood up.(=When the students saw the teacher entering the room,they stood up.)学生们看见老师走进房间，都站了起来。 Heated,ice will be changed into water.(=When it is heated...)当冰加热时，它就会变成水。(条件、时间) Being excited, I couldn’t go to sleep.(=As I was excited,I couldn’t go to sleep.)我兴奋得睡不着觉。(原因) I stood there, listening to the broadcast.(=I stood there and listened to the broadcast.)我站在那儿听广播。(伴随) The children went away laughing.(=The children went away.They laughed as they went.)孩子们笑着走开了。(行为方式) Knowing all this,they made me pay for the damage.(=Although they know all this...)他们尽管了解这一切，还是要我赔偿损失。 (3)分词作状语与主语的关系。 A. 现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。 例如：He went out shutting the door behind him.他出去后将门随手关上。 Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。 B. 过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。 例如：Given more attention,the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。 Faced with difficulties,we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。 (4)分词作状语时前面可用连词。 when,while,once,if,unless,though等引导的状语从句，若其主语与主句主语相同时，可保留该副词连接词，其余部分则化简为分词短语。 例如：When (being) free，I’ll fetch you.有空时，我会来接你。 While walking along the street early in the morning,he saw her.一早在街上散步时，他看到了她。 If falling ill,I’ll see my doctor.如果生病我会去看医生。 Once completed,this power station supplies the nearby towns and villages with electricity.这个电站一旦建成，将向附近的城乡供电。 Even though given every opportunity,they would not try.即使给他们一切机会，他们也不肯试一试。 Though knowing the truth,he remained silent.虽然他知道实情，却保持沉默。 Unless (being) rich,I am not going abroad.除非有钱，要不然我是不会出国的。 (5)分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语须和谓语动词的主语一致，否则分词必须有自己的主语。这种带主语的分词结构称作分词的独立结构，或独立主格。
创作编号： GB8878185555334563BT9125XW 创作者：凤呜大王* 其实分词做伴随状语就是分词做方式状语的一种，伴随是一种方式。大多情况下其实方式状语从句都等于伴随状语从句。只有在just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文体 分词短语作伴随状语 伴随状语的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的 1）现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。 现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。 1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。 ）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。 比如 The teacher came in the classroom with handing a book in his hand. with handing就是个例子 过去分词，现在分词都可以做伴随状语,即在某件事情发生的时候相伴发生的事情这个句子老师进入了教室，他是拿着本书进入教室的，在他进入教室的时候他的手中有一本书（相伴）知道意思了吧。 做题的时候要注意区分什么时候使用过去分词和什么时候使用现在分词做伴随状语。一般的无非又几种情况： 1，过去分词表示一种完成了的或者是被动意义的动作
分词作状语（关键找逻辑主语） a)放在句首的分词往往看作时间状语1以及原因状语2 1. Looking (when I looked) at the picture, I couldn't help missing my middle school days. 2.Seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital. =As he was seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital. b)放在句中或句末常常看作为伴随状态(并列句) The girl was left alone in the room，weeping（crying ）bitterly. (但注意特殊：Generally/frankly speaking... / taken as a whole(总的来讲）不考虑逻辑主语，看作为独立成分) C.difference between "being done"&"done" 1）being done---->"又被动，又进行” 2）done------->“又被动，又完成” 1），2）均可作原因状语从句，而且更倾向于“done”，因为简单 eg.(being) deeply moved, she couldn't help crying. 但作条件(a)，伴随状语只能用(b)2），不能用1） eg.(a)Once seen, it can't be forgotten./If asked so many questions, Mary's face will turn red. (b)she watched all the gifts ,greatly amazed.(=she watched all the gifts, and was greatly amazed在一般句中：v1,and v2/ v1,v2,and v3) 结论：当发现所要填非谓语为被动时，能用"done"就用"done"(除了有先后顺序(用(having done/having been done)，详见D) D.having done1)/having been done2)作状语时，分词的动作先于谓语动词eg.1)Having handed in the paper, he left the room.(分词逻辑主语与主语相同，用having done) 2)Having been given a map, we found our way easily.(分词逻辑主语与主语不同，是别人给的，用having been done) 再给你解释下伴随状语 伴随状语出现的条件是由一个主语发出两个动作或同一个生语处于两种状态，或同一个主语发出一个动作时又伴随有某一种状态。伴随状语的逻辑主语一般情况下必须是全句的生语，伴随状语与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。 你所问的是这一种
1. It rained heavily in the south，________ serious flooding in several provinces.（2010 天津） A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause 2. ________ at my classmates' faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.（2010 北京） A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked 3. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, ______supplies to Yushu, Qinghai province after the earthquake.（2010 福建） A. sending B. to send C. having sent D. to have sent 4. He had a wonderful childhood，_______with his mother to all corners of the world.(2010 安徽) A. travel B.to travel. C. traveled D. traveling 5. Dina, ________ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.（2010 湖南） A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle 6. The lawyer listened with full attention，________ to miss any point．（2010 四川）注意是分詞の否定還是不定式の否定 A．not trying B．trying not
聊聊分词短语作伴随状语 先铺垫下：其实分词做伴随状语就是分词做方式状语的一种，伴随是一种方式。大多情况下其实方式状语从句都等于伴随状语从句。只有在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是'正如…'，'就像'，多用于正式文体 分词短语作伴随状语 伴随状语的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的 1）现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。 现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。 1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。 ）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。 比如 The teacher came in the classroom with handing a book in his hand. with handing就是个例子 过去分词，现在分词都可以做伴随状语,即在某件事情发生的时候相伴发生的事情。 以上那个句子中，老师进入了教室，他是拿着本书进入教室的，在他进入教室的时候他的手中有一本书（相伴）大家明白这个意思了吧。 做题的时候要注意区分什么时候使用过去分词和什么时候使用现在分词做伴随状语。一般的无非又几种情况：
1，过去分词表示一种完成了的或者是被动意义的动作 分词作状语（关键找逻辑主语） a)放在句首的分词往往看作时间状语1 以及原因状语2 1. Looking (when I looked) at the picture, I couldn't help missing my middle school days. 2.Seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital. =As he was seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital. b)放在句中或句末常常看作为伴随状态(并列句) The girl was left alone in the room，weeping（crying ）bitterly. (但注意特殊：Generally/frankly speaking... / taken as a whole(总的来讲）不考虑逻辑主语，看作为独立成分) C.'being done'和'done'的区别 1）being done---->'又被动，又进行” 2）done------->“又被动，又完成” 1），2）均可作原因状语从句，而且更倾向于“done”，因为简单 eg.(being) deeply moved, she couldn't help crying. 但作条件(a)，伴随状语只能用(b)2），不能用1） eg.(a)Once seen, it can't be forgotten./If asked so many questions, Mary's face will turn red. (b)she watched all the gifts ,greatly amazed.(=she watched all the gifts, and was greatly amazed 在一般句中：v1,and v2/ v1,v2,and v3) 结论：当发现所要填非谓语为被动时，能用'done'就用'done'(除了有先后顺序(用(having done/having been done)，详见D)
分词作状语用法知识点详解和辨析 分词做状语，在我们的英语表达里有何用法与见解呢?以下是小编给大家带来分词作状语用法，以供参阅。 英语分词的形式非谓语动词主动形式被动形式意义 现在分词一般式doing being done与句中谓语动作几乎同时发生 完成式having donehaving been done先于句中谓语动作发生，强调时间先后 过去分词done-----------------与句中主语为逻辑上的被动，表完成 英语分词的意义在英语中，分词包括现在分词与过去分词两种形式，即-ing与-ed。一般情况下，从时态和语态两种角度来讲，现在分词表示主动、进行;而过去分词表示被动与完成。 对于分词的含义，我们从以下两组词语为例进行分析： 1)the sinking ship 正在下沉的船fallen leaves 落在地上的树叶\ the boiled water 凉白开水 1)从语态角度来看，现在分词表示主动含义，它与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系。the sinking ship 可以改写为the ship that is\ was sinking, 这里的ship相当于sink的逻辑主语。其次，从时态角度看，现在分词一般表示进行的动作，相当于一个进行时态;此外，它还可以表示一般的动作，相当于一个一般的时态。综上，现在分词的意
义有两种：主动进行的动作和主动一般的动作。 2)从语态角度来看，过去分词可以表示被动含义也可以表示主动含义，即动词不同则含义不同。及物动词的过去分词只有被动含义，如the boiled water=the water that was boiled \ the water that has been boiled. 而不及物动词没有被动只有主动，如the sunken ship= the ship that has sunken.但是不及物动词的过去分词出现频率较低，常见的过去分词多为及物动词的过去分词，表达被动含义。其次，从时态角度看，过去分词具有一般动作或完成动作的含义，相当于一般时态或完成时态。不及物动词只具有完成动作。 英语分词作状语的用法分词做状语时可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、方式、让步、伴随、比较。 四、分词作状语的原则：其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致。 常见分词作状语的情况举例： 表条件：Given more time, I would be able to complete the work. \ United we stand; divided we fall. (合则兴，分则亡) 表时间：Walking in the street,I saw him. 表原因：Getting hurt badly in the match, he has to stay at home. 表伴随：Watching the TV play, she burst out crying. 表让步：Having lived in China for years, he still cant speak Chinese well. 表结果：I went home, finding the door locked.
分词作状语需要注意的问题: 一. 表示伴随，行为方式 He ran to me, holding a letter in his hand. Accompanied by his friends, he went to the railway station. He scratched his head, wondering how to solve the problem. She came back running. 二．表示时间，相当于when, after 引导的时间状语从句 Seeing this, we became worried. (When we saw this, we became worried.) Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door. (After he took a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.) Heated to 100 degree, water boils. (When water is heated to 100 degree, it boils.) 三．表示原因，背景，状况，相当于because引导的状语从句Not having enough hands, we turned to them for help. Born in a poor family, he had only two years of schooling. Absorbed in his work, he neglected food and sleep. Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. Having finished the experiment, he left the lab. Having been giving such a good chance, hw could she let it slip away. 四．表示条件和假设，相当于if引导的状语从句 Taken in time, the medicine will be quite effective. 五．表示结果 He fell down, striking his head against the ground and hurting it. 六．独立主格形式（分词复合结构或独立结构） 当上述的分词结构中主句的主语不是现在分词的动作发出者或过去分词的动作承受者时，分词有自己的主语 Mother (being) ill, he didn’t go to school. With mother being ill, he didn’t go to school. Cf: Being ill, he didn’t go to school. Weather permitting, we shall go to the city park. Cf: Permitted, we shall go to the city park. The question (being) settled, we wound up the meeting. With the question being settled, we wound up the meeting. He came into the room, his face (being) red with cold. He came into the room, with his face being read with cold.