教学目标：讲解现在分词作状语及区分不定式、现在
分词作状语的异同
重点难点：
1.现在分词和不定式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。
2.分词作状语时，要看它同句子主语之间的关系，以确定是现在
分词还是过去分词。
3.注意非谓语动词与句子谓语动词的时间关系，以确定分词的时态形式
4、弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系，以确定非谓语动词的语态形式 .
5.连词 +分词形式（分词作状语的省略问题）
6.不定式作结果状语和现在分词作结果状语的区别。
7.现在分词的独立主格结构和评价性状语
Step 1 lead in
朗读下面一首 xx ，找出其中的现在分词形式
Thinking in the Silent Night Before my bed there is bright moonlight So that it seems that frost on the ground. 疑是地上霜 Lifting my head, I watch the bright moonlight. 举头 xx Lowering my head, I dream that I 'm home.低头思故乡
Step2 现在分词作状语的意义
动词的现在分词作状语，修饰动词，相当于状语从句，在句中表 示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况及独立成分 等，作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情 况状语时常位于句末。
一. -ing 分词短语作时间状语，代替一个时间状语从句 （引导词 有 when ,while ）
xx 提示：
1．现在分词所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时 可由连词 when, while 引出。
2．现在分词所表示的动作一发生，主句的动作就立即发生时。 如：
静夜思
床前 xx
Whens he saw those pictures ，she remembered her childhood.
=Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看
到那些画，她想起了自己的童年。
As soon as he heard the good news, he jumped with joy.
=（0n） Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy.
他一听到这个好消息，就高兴地跳起来。
二．-ing 分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。
（引导词有 because ,as ,since）
如： As he was ill, he didn't go to school yesterday =Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. 由于生病，
他昨天没有上学。
三． -ing 分词也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个条件状
语从句。（引导词有 if,unless,once）
If you work hard, you will succeed.
=Working hard, you will succeed.
如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。
If you turn to the left, you will find the path leading to the school.
=Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the school.
如果你 xx ，你就会找到到学校取得路。
四．表示让步，相当于让步状语从句（引导词有
although,though,even if ,even though ）
Although they knew all this ，they madem ep ay for the damage.
= Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽
管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。
五．现在分词可以做方式状语、伴随状语，表示行为方式、伴随
情况或补充说明，是主语的另一个、较次要的动作，相当于一个由 and 引导的并列结构。
She came into the house,and carried a lot of books.
=She came into the house, carrying a lot of books. 她捧
着许多书走进了房间。
He lay on the grass, and stared at the sky for a long time.
=He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.
他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空
xx 提示：伴随状语出现的条件是由一个主语发出两个动作或同一个主语处于两种状态，或同一个主语发出一个动作时又伴随有某一种状态。
六．现在分词表示主句的动作所带来的必然结果，相当于一个并列谓语
His father died, and left him a lot of money.
=His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。
She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, and broke it into pieces.
=She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，摔成了碎片。
Step 2 考点解读
分词作状语应注意的问题
A.分词作状语的首要条件是分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。
动词的分词形式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持
一致。
Entering the classroom, I found nobody in it. 走进教室，我发现里面没人。（entering 的逻辑主语是 I ，相当于 whenI entered the classroom, I found nobody in it. ）
如分词表示的动作不是句中主语发出或承受的，那就是误用。
课堂巩固练习：判断下列句子正误
1.从窗户看出去，我们看见一个漂亮的花园。
a. Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful.
b. Looking out through the window, we saw a beautiful garden.
2.我看着晚报的时候，一只狗开始叫起来。
a. Reading the evening newspaper, a dog started barking.
b. I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking.
3.听到这个消息，我的眼泪忍不住流下来。
a. Hearing the news, tears ran down her face.
b. Hearing the news, she cried out sadly.
4.等公汽的时候，一块砖头砸在我的头上。
a. waiting for the bus , a brick fell on my head.
b.waiting for the bus ,I was hit by a brick on the head.
5.打开窗户，一只蝴蝶飞进来了。
a. Opening the window, a butterfly flew into my room.
b. Opening the window, I saw a butterfly flying
my room. into
6.如果你努力学习，你的梦想一定会实现。
a.Working hard with a strong will, your dream will certainly come true
b.Working hard with a strong will, you'll certainly make your dream come true
B.独立结构
分词的逻辑主语如不能和句子中的主语保持一致，该 -ing 形式
必须有自己的逻辑主语，通常有名词或代词来担任 , 成为独立主格结构，独立结构可以表示伴随动作或情况 , 表示时间、原因、条件等。
但要注意主格词和主句的主语不能表示同一概念，主格词和分词
的动作是主谓关系结构是：
形式：主格词 +doing
主格词+being +adj
there being +n,
辨别正误
因为天气好，我们下周将举行运动会。
a. Being fine, we will have the sports meeting next week.
b. It being fine, we will have the sports meeting next week.
练习：把下面句子改成独立主格形式
1.If the weather permits, we ' ll go out on an outing.
=Weather permitting, we 'll go out on an outing.
天气 xx 的话，我们就去郊游。
2. Because it is Sunday, we needn't go to school.
=It being Sunday, we needn't go to school.
因为是星期天，我们不需要上学。
3.Since there was no buses,we had to walk home .
=There being no bus ,we had to walk home . 因为没有车，我们不得不走回家。
4.As the boy led the way, we had no trouble finding the village.
The boyleading the way, we had no trouble finding the village. 因为有这个男孩带路，我们毫不费力地找到了这个村子。
小结：当主从句主语不一致时，分词和逻辑主语构成 . 独立主格 .
例如： Time permitting, the football match will be played on Friday. 天气允许的话，足球赛将在周五举行。（ permitting 的逻辑主语是 time ，而不是 the football match ）
The professor being absent ,the lecture had to be put
off. 教授缺席了，演讲不得不推迟。
The meeting being over, they all left the meeting room. 会议结束了，他们都离开了会议室。
课堂巩固练习
1. _______ ,I will go over all these lessons before the exam.
A. If time will permit
B. Time permits
C. Time permitted
D. Time permitting
2.I carefully poured the liquid into the water , my classmates _____ anxiously beside me to see what would happen.
A. stood
B. standing
C. to stood
D. were standing
注意：有一种习惯表达作评价性状语，表示说话人的态度，观点和看法等，就不必考虑与主句的主语之间的逻辑关系，因为说话者就是分词的逻辑主语，它们的逻辑主语可以和句子的主语不一致
必背：
分词或分词短语作独立成份（作状语或插入语）
Generally / Frankly / Roughly speaking 一般说来 / 坦白说/
粗略地说， judging by/from ?从??来看，依据??来判断，seeing that 考虑到， allowing for 鉴于，顾及到，
talking/speaking of 谈及??， Taking ?into consideration 把?考虑在内
其中的 considering ?鉴于/ 考虑到??，following 继?之后， concerning 关于， regarding 关于， respecting 关于，owing to ?由于??就是介词）
例如：
Generally speaking, boys are more interested in science than girls. 一般说来，男孩比女孩对科学更感兴趣。
Judging from his accent, he must come from . 从他的口音看，他一定来自 xx 。
Supposing it rains ， what will you do 假使下雨，你会怎么办呢？
Talking of cleaning, it 's about time you cleaned the classroom.
谈到打扫卫生，该你打扫教室了。
C．非谓语作状语时，要看它同句子主语之间的关系。
和句子主语构成主动关系时，用现在分词作状语，和句子主语构成被动关系时，用过去分词作状语
对比练习：
a. ______ from the top of the building, we saw the house like a match box.
b. ______ from the top of the building, the house looks like a match box.
A. Seen
B. Seeing
C. To see
D.See
辨别正误：
1.因为 xx 了白色，房子看起来更美了。
a.Painting white , the house looks more beautiful.
b.Painted white ,the house looks more beautiful.
2.受到他的话的鼓励，我开始认真学习。
hard.
a.Encouraging by her words, I got down to studying
b. Encouraged by her words, I got down to studying hard
课堂练习
1.The secretary worked all night long, a long speech
for the president.
A. to prepare
B. preparing
C. prepared
D. was preparing
2. ____ to hospital in time, the wounded soldiers were saved
at last.
A. Taken
B. Taking
C. Having taken
D. Being taken
比较下列句子
3.1) . ________ o ne of the leading poets in today,he has also written a number of books and plays.
2) . _____________ the price ,the car is worth buying .
3).All things _______ ,the plan trip will have to be
called
off.
A. be considered
B. considered
C. considering
D. having considered
4..1 )the first place in the maths examination, liufang got another first in the English contest.
2) .The professor entered the lecture hall ,by many students.
3).Many students entered the lecture hall , _________ the professor.
A. following
B. followed
C. to follow
D. being followed
D. 分词或分词短语作状语时，前面可以加上连词，但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词（如 but ，and,so ,or），因为并列连词接的是两个并列成分，而分词短语只是全句的一个状语部分，分词和主句之间可用逗号。
辨别正误： 1. 尽管被告知了很多次，但是他仍然不能理解。
a.Having been told many times, but he still couldn 't understand it.
b.He was told many times, but he still couldn 't understan d it.
c.Having been told many times, he still couldn 't understand it.
d.Though he had been told many times, he still couldn 't understand it.
e.Though he had been told many times, but he still couldn 't understand it.
2. 因为生病了，所以他被立刻送到医院去
a.Being ill ,so he had to be sent to the hospital at once.
b.He was ill ,so he had to be sent to the hospital at
once.
c.Being ill ,he he had to be sent to the hospital at once.
E．. 不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别
不定式作结果状语表示意料之外的结果， xxonly 连用
现在分词作结果状语表示主句的动作所带来的必然结果，常何thus 连用
xx 提示：
要掌握好现在分词短语作结果状语的用法，须注意以下几点：
a. 句子的主谓部分与分词之间含有逻辑上的因果关系，
b. 这种作结果状语的现在分词短语的逻辑主语可以是句子的主语，也可以前边的整个句子 .
例如;
The bus was hold up by the snow, thus causing the delay.
公汽被大雪阻住了，结果引起延误。
His car was caught in the traffic jam ,causing him to be late.
他的车陷入了交通堵塞，结果引起他迟到了。
He dropped a plate on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
他把盘子掉在地上，结果摔碎了。
At the age of three his parents died, leaving him an
orphan. 三岁的时候他父母去世了，留下他一个 xx。
He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch cold.
他撞上了雨，结果使他感冒了。
.He didn' t come today, making it necessary for us to find someone to do his work.
他今天没来，因而我们必须找人干他的工作。
对比：不定式作结果状语
He made a long speech, only to show his ignorance 。
他发表了长篇大论，结果显示出他的无知。
He lifted up a stone only to drop it on his own feet.
他搬起石头砸自己的脚。
He went to the seaside only to be drowned 。他到海边去结果淹死了。
Yesterday a street -beggar bought a lottery ticket , to make him a millionaire overnight .
昨天一个街头乞丐无意买了一张彩票结果使他一夜间成了一个百万富翁。
巩固练习
1)The storm left ,a lot of damage to this area .(2005 年全国Ⅰ卷 )
A．caused B ．to have caused C ．to cause D ．having caused
2)European football is played in 80 countries ,
it the most popular sport in the world . (NMET 1998)
A. making
B. makes
C. make
D. to make
Step3 分词的形式
A. 分词的一般式和完成式
xx 提示： 1：现在分词所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，现在分词所表示的动作一发生，主句的动作就立即发生时 , 两个动作几乎同时发生时，用现在分词的一般式。
2. 分词的的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，用现在分词的完成时作状语。
把下列状语从句改成分词形式：
1.因为他晚饭吃得太多，他睡不着。
As he had eaten too much for supper, he couldn 't go to sleep.
=Having eaten too muchf or supper, he couldn 't go to sleep.
2.他把窗户关上后就回家了。
After he closed the windows, he went home. 。
=Having closed the windows, he went home 。
3.因为听到了奇怪的声音，他走出房间看看。
After he heard a strong sound, he went out of the room for a look.
= Hearing a strange sound, he went out of
3. Because he had been to the Great Wall many times, he didn
't go last week.
=Having been to the Great Wall many times, he didn 't go last week. 因为他已经去过 xx 许多次，上周他就没去。
例如：
They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们说说笑笑
地向公园走去。
Hearing the news ,he couldn 't help laughing . 听到这个消息，他禁不住笑了。
Having finished his homework, he went to bed. 做完了作业，他就去睡觉了。
Having waited for half an hour,I becamea little impatient.
等了半小时，我有点不耐烦了。
Having turned off the TV, he began to go over his lessons.
把电视关掉后，他开始复习功课。
Having put up the tent,they started to cook supper.
搭好帐篷后，他们开始做晚饭。
教学目标：讲解现在分词作状语及区分不定式、现在分词作状语的异同 重点难点： 1.现在分词和不定式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。 2.分词作状语时，要看它同句子主语之间的关系，以确定是现在分词还是过去分词。 3.注意非谓语动词与句子谓语动词的时间关系，以确定分词的时态形式 4、弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系，以确定非谓语动词的语态形式. 5. 连词+分词形式（分词作状语的省略问题） 6.不定式作结果状语和现在分词作结果状语的区别。 7. 现在分词的独立主格结构和评价性状语 Step 1 lead in 朗读下面一首唐诗，找出其中的现在分词形式 Thinking in the Silent Night 静夜思 Before my bed there is bright moonlight 床前明月光 So that it seems that frost on the ground. 疑是地上霜 Lifting my head, I watch the bright moonlight. 举头望明月 Lowering my head, I dream tha t I’m home. 低头思故乡 Step2 现在分词作状语的意义 动词的现在分词作状语，修饰动词，相当于状语从句，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况及独立成分等，作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。 一. -ing分词短语作时间状语，代替一个时间状语从句(引导词有when ,while ) 温馨提示： 1．现在分词所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词when, while引出。 2．现在分词所表示的动作一发生，主句的动作就立即发生时。如： When she saw those pictures，she remembered her childhood. =Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，她想起了自己的童年。 As soon as he heard the good news, he jumped with joy. =（0n）Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy. 他一听到这个好消息，就高兴地跳起来。 二．-ing分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。(引导词有because ,as ,since) 如：As he was ill, he didn't go to school yesterday =Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。 三．-ing分词也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。(引导词有if,unless,once) If you work hard, you will succeed. =Working hard, you will succeed. 如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。 If you turn to the left, you will find the path leading to the school.
现在分词 Form: ?doing ?having done（先后关系） 现在分词表示主动含义或动作正在进行。 Exercise: 划出句中的现在分词，并指出它在句中做何成分。 1. The three contestants were sitting at their desks on the stage, waiting. 2. Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 3. Having finished his homework, he went out. 4. People living in the cities used to regard farming as boring and backward. 5. The changes in Sunqiao is very amazing. 现在分词做定语： Exercise: Combine each pair of sentences 1. The men are required to come to the headmaster’s office. They had some overseas working experience. 2. The people take part in a variety of exercise They can keep healthy. 3. The research at Sunqiao produces seeds. The seeds help farmers grow better crops. 4. People used to regard farming as boring and backward. These people live in cities. 5.Do you know the boy? He is standing under the tree. 6. The spiders store the mice for later. The mice serve as a source of food. Exercise: compare The swimming pool is clean and big. The swimming boy is his brother. The big writing desk is very expensive. The writing student is Tom’s classmate. 现在分词作状语：时间，条件，伴随方式，原因，结果 Exercise: rewrite the sentences 1. Kitty heard the news. She jumped with joy. 2. Tom put on his swim-suit. He dived into the swimming pool. 3. While she was cooking, she burned her right hand. 4. After he had finished his homework, he went out to play football. 以上改写后的三个句子中的现在分词短语做______状语。 现在分词作状语：相当于状语从句，但从句和主句的____语必须一致. 时间状语： 1. Working in the factory, he learned a lot from the workers.(分词一般式） 2. Having read the letter, she got very excited（完成式） 3. ________hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. 4. = as soon as _________________________________________. 5. Be careful when crossing the street. 条件状语： 1.If you walk hard, you will succeed. 2. = _______________________________ 伴随方式状语 1. She came _______(run) towards me. 2. The children ran out of the room, __________(laugh) and _______(talk) merrily. 3. ____________(travel) by jeep, we visited a number of cities. 4. ____________(follow) the guide, they started to climb. 5. _____________(follow) by the students, the teacher entered the office. 原因状语 1. Because I was sick, I stayed at home.
现在分词作状语的用法 现在分词作状语： ①现在分词doing所代表的动作或状态与谓语动词是同时 或几乎是同时发生的，可以作时间、原因、方式、条件、结 果、目的、让步、伴随等状语。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主 语。如： Rushing out of the house, he was knocked down by a car. 他一冲出屋子就被一辆车撞倒了。 My cousin went to Shenzhen, hoping to find a job there. 我表兄去深圳了，希望在那儿找份工作。 The child fell，striking his head against the door. 小孩摔了一跤，头在门上碰了一下。 In the last few years, the country has had a hard time, suffering several killer quakes. 过去几年里，这 个国家经历了艰难的时期，遭受了几次致命的地震。 Being spring, the flowers are in full bloom. 因为是春天，所以花都盛开着。
②有些分词作状语，没有逻辑上的主语，已成为习惯用法：considering, judging from, talking of, allowing for(考虑到), generally/frankly/honestly/roughly/strictly speaking, assuming that(假设)等。如： Talking of this film, its wonderful. 说到这部电影，好极了。 Assuming that it is true, what should we do now 假定那是真的, 我们现在该怎麽办 Judging by the direction of the wind, it wont rain today. 根据风向测度, 今天不会下雨。 Social psychology, strictly speaking, deals with the behavior of people in groups. 严格地说, 社会心理学研究人们的群体行为。
外教一对一https://www.doczj.com/doc/a516767403.html, 分词做状语用法总结 一、表时间 Turning around, she saw an ambulance driving up. 她转过身，看见一辆救护车开了过来。 Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner. 在找好旅馆之后，我们就去找吃饭的地方。 Asked why he came late, he said that got up late. 当他被问到为什么来晚了时，他说他起床起晚了。 二、表原因 Not knowing her address, I wasn’t able to contact her. 由于不知道她的地址，我没法和她联系。 Having been ill for a long time, he needed time to recover. 由于他病了很长时间，他需要一段恢复的时间。 Moved by their speech, I was at a loss what to say. 被他们的发言感动，我不知说什么好。 三、表条件 Taken in time, the medicine will be quite effective. 及时吃，这药会很有效的。 Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, keeping on your feet. 坐下吧，埃玛。你老站着，只会弄得你更累。 Seen in this light, the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose. 如从这个角度看，问题并不像人们一般料想的那样严重。 四、表让步 Although living miles away, he attended the course. 虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。 Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 虽然被击败了，他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。 五、表方式 He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠开卡车谋取生。 I’m returning you letter as requested. 我按要求给你退信。 六、表伴随 I offered them something to eat, thinking they might be hungry. 我给了他们一些东西吃，心想他们可能会饿。 They came in, followed by their wives. 他们走了进来，后面跟着他们的妻子。
谓语动词: 有提示词, 句子缺谓语(与主语构成主谓结构) I. I _______ (tell) by my classmates about that. 2. My mother often __________ (stop) me from watching TV. 时态语态变化, 及主谓一致 非谓语动词(主动---doing , 被动---done, 目的/结果/将要to do ,) 1. We must also consider the reaction of the person __________ (receive) the gift. 2. My pupils, Tom__________ (include), liked her. 1. He entered, ________ (hold) a book in his hand. 2. He entered the room and _______ (hold) a book in his hand. 3. I politely refused her invitation and _____ (walk) away. 4. I politely refused her invitation, ______ (walk) away. 两个动词是同时发生的时候 主语+ 谓语1 + and / but + 谓语2 主语+ 谓语，+非谓语 1. When he _______ (come) in, I was reading a book. 2. Unless I ________ (invite), I won’t attend he party. 3. When _____ (hear) the news, I was excited. 4. Unless ____ (invite), I won’t attend he party. --- When / if / unless / /After/Before 等连词后没有主语+非谓语（--- ing /---ed ) , 主句---When / if / unless / /After /Before等连词+ 主语+ 谓语，主句 1. A boy ________( call ) Jack came here today 2. A boy who ________( call ) Jack came here today 3. We enjoy the movie _________ (direct) by a world famous artist. 4. We enjoy the movie which_________ (direct) by the world famous artist. 名词后没关系词时+ 非谓语, 非谓语动词修饰前面的名词做定语 名词后有关系词时+谓语，做定语从句中的谓语 1.“You can’t catch me!” Jan et shouted, _______ (run) away. 2.He said thanks and ____ (smile) a row of teeth. 3.When first ___________ (introduce) to the market, these products enjoyed great success. 4.When he_______( arrive ) at the corner , he met his friend. 5.________ ( sleep ) late, he turned off the alarm clock. 6.Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _______(know) only to people with specific knowledge. [例1] I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man 18 (sit) at the front. （2011广东卷） [例2] He spit it out, __37___(say) it was awful. （2010广东卷） [例3]The fact that so many people still smoke in public places _______ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking. A. suggest B. suggests C. suggested D. suggesting turn
分词作状语用法是所有分词用法中最重要的，也是最难掌握的。 分词在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。 一、现在分词作状语 一、现在分词作状语，表主动、进行，相当于一个状语从句，根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。 Studying at the hometown, I enjoyed the happiest time during my life. Being ill, she can't go to work today. The children ran out of the room, laughing and jumping. 1. He sent me an e-mail, ________ to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope 2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods. A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing 二、现在分词的时态语态 1. 现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成，其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。 例如：The students standing there are from Class Three. The English novel being translated by the editor now will be completed in October. 2. 现在分词的完成式由“having +动词过去分词”构成，其被动式为“having +been+动词过去分词”。 例如：Having finished all the work, they had a good rest. Having been given the right answer, the teacher asked me to sit down. Given more time, we will finish the work in time. 3. 现在分词的否定式为“not +动词-ing”，被动式的否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”，其完成式的否定式为“not + having +动词过去分词”。 例如：Not knowing what to do, he sat there crying. Not being noticed by the public, the young writer felt a little pity. 1. _______ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. A. Suffered B. Suffering C. Having suffered D. Being suffered 2. Finding her car stolen, _______. A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help 二、过去分词作状语 过去分词只有一种形式，即done，表被动。 The mother came in, followed by her son. When heated，water will be turned into steam. Deeply moved by the film, we all cried. Born into a poor family, he had no more than two years of schooling. 1．_____ from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city. A. To see B. Seen C. Seeing D. See 2. _____ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United Stated. A. being founded B. Founded C. It was founded D. Founding 三、过去分词与V-ing作状语的区别
现在分词作状语的用法 现在分词作状语的用法 现在分词作状语： ①现在分词doing所代表的动作或状态与谓语动词是同时或几乎是同时发生的，可以作时间、原因、方式、条件、结果、目的、让步、伴随等状语。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。如：Rushing out of the house, he was knocked down by a car. 他一冲出屋子就被一辆车撞倒了。 My cousin went to Shenzhen, hoping to find a job there. 我表兄去深圳了，希望在那儿找份工作。 The child fell，striking his head against the door. 小孩摔了一跤，头在门上碰了一下。 In the last few years, the country has had a hard time, suffering several killer quakes. 过去几年里，这个国家经历了艰难的时期，遭受了几次致命的地震。 Being spring, the flowers are in full bloom. 因为是春天，所以花都盛开着。 ②有些分词作状语，没有逻辑上的主语，已成为习惯用法：considering, judging from, talking of, allowing for(考虑到), generally/frankly/honestly/roughly/strictly speaking, assuming that(假设)等。如：
Talking of this film, its wonderful. 说到这部电影，好极了。 Assuming that it is true, what should we do now? 假定那是真的, 我们现在该怎麽办? Judging by the direction of the wind, it wont rain today. 根据风向测度, 今天不会下雨。 Social psychology, strictly speaking, deals with the behavior of people in groups. 严格地说, 社会心理学研究人们的群体行为。
分词做状语详细例句 1时间状语 Seeing from the top of the hill ,we can see the park clearly Seen from the top of the hill ,the park is beautiful Seeing her mother ,the baby stopped crying Seeing the cat ,the moust ran away Seeing from the space, the earth looks green Hearing his father’s voice ,the boy turned off the TV set at once Hearing their teache’s voice, the puiples stopped talking at once Having finished his homework, the boy went to bed ~ Having been shown Tianan’men Square ,the tourists were taken to visit the Palace Museum Having arrived at the farm ,the set to work immediately Having watered the flowers ,he had a rest When crossing the street ,be careful On hearing the good news ,they all jumped with joy 2 原因状语 Being poor ,he couldn’t afford to buy the car Being a teacher ,she is very kind to her students Being ill ,the boy didn’t go to school this morning Not knowing his address ,I can’t get touch with him > Taken good care of ,the old man is living a happy life Berried deep down in the earth ,the dead forests rotten away and became coal Having lived in the city for many years ,he knows the city very well Having received his letter ,he decided to write back Having been bitten by a snake ,she was frightened at it Having been told to stay in Beijing ,the young man decided not to go back his hometown Not having received a reply ,he decided to write a letter again Caught in a heavy rain ,he was all wet 3伴随状语 The old man often takes a walk ,followed by his dog ] The dog often takes a walk ,following its owner She came in the room ,following her husband She came in the room ,followed bu her husband All night long ,he lay awake ,thinking of the problem He sat in the sofa ,read a newspaper He stood there ,waching the children playing games The six blind men stood there ,begging for meal 4让步状语 Living miles away ,he attended the course
分词作状语用法就是所有分词用法中最重要的,也就是最难掌握的。 分词在句中作状语时,其逻辑主语必须就是句子的主语。 一、现在分词作状语 一、现在分词作状语,表主动、进行,相当于一个状语从句,根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。Studying at the hometown, I enjoyed the happiest time during my life、 Being ill, she can't go to work today、 The children ran out of the room, laughing and jumping、 1、He sent me an e-mail, ________ to get further information、 A、hoped B、hoping C、to hope D、hope 2、Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods、 A、seizing; disappeared B、seized; disappeared C、seizing; disappearing D、seized; disappearing 二、现在分词的时态语态 1、现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成,其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。 例如:The students standing there are from Class Three、 The English novel being translated by the editor now will be completed in October、 2、现在分词的完成式由“having +动词过去分词”构成,其被动式为“having +been+动词过去分词”。 例如:Having finished all the work, they had a good rest、 Having been given the right answer, the teacher asked me to sit down、 Given more time, we will finish the work in time、 3、现在分词的否定式为“not +动词-ing”,被动式的否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”,其完成式的否定式为“not + having +动词过去分词”。 例如:Not knowing what to do, he sat there crying、 Not being noticed by the public, the young writer felt a little pity、 1、_______ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes、 A、Suffered B、Suffering C、Having suffered D、Being suffered 2、Finding her car stolen, _______、 A、a policeman was asked to help B、the area was searched thoroughly C、it was looked for everywhere D、she hurried to a policeman for help 二、过去分词作状语 过去分词只有一种形式,即done,表被动。 The mother came in, followed by her son、 When heated,water will be turned into steam、 Deeply moved by the film, we all cried、 Born into a poor family, he had no more than two years of schooling、 1._____ from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city、 A、To see B、Seen C、Seeing D、See 2、_____ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United Stated、 A、being founded B、Founded C、It was founded D、Founding 三、过去分词与V-ing作状语的区别 1、分词在句中作状语时,其逻辑主语必须就是句子的主语。
分词作状语用法小结 在高中英语语法中，非谓语动词的学习是一个重点，同是也是一个难点。而其中的分词的用法更是重中之重了，掌握了分词的运用对于我们突破阅读理解中的长句子，以及写作水平的提高都会很有帮助，下面就分词作状语的用法作以下总结。 分词在语法功能上相当于形容词和副词，分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间，原因，结果，条件，让步，行为方式，伴随状况等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while 或when引出。（一般情况下过去分词不作结果状 的动作同时发生或两者之间时间间隔并不长。例如： I stayed up very late yesterday, preparing my speech on greenhouse. Hearing the good news, the students were wild with joy. He sends me an e-mail, hoping to get further information. Being written in haste, the composition is full of mistakes. 从所给的例句是我们可以看出，现在分词的一般主动式所表达的是：分词与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，也就是我们常说的主动关系，而其一般被动式却表达的是：分词与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，也就是我们常说的被动关系。并且现在分词的一般被动式一般作原因状语位于句首，请看以下例句：Being a student, he was interested in books. Being very small, computers are widely used. Being tired, I can’t go on walking. 2. 现在分词的完成式：表示分词的动作在句中谓语动词所表示的动作或 状态之前就已发生。例如： Having done the work, he went home. Having worked in the country for three years, he knew how to grow vegetables Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it. Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. Having been deserted by his guide, he could not find his way through the jungle. 从以上例句中我们可以看出，现在分词的完成主动式表达的是：分词与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动词发生。而其完成被动式却表示分词与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，也是先于谓语动词发生。 3．过去分词：分词与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不强调一定要先于谓语动词之前就已发生。例如： Heated, this kind of wood gives off much smoke. The teacher entered the lab, followed by the students. Given a chance, I can surprise the world. Founded in 1936, Harward is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
分词作状语需要注意的问题: 一. 表示伴随，行为方式 He ran to me, holding a letter in his hand. Accompanied by his friends, he went to the railway station. He scratched his head, wondering how to solve the problem. She came back running. 二．表示时间，相当于when, after 引导的时间状语从句 Seeing this, we became worried. (When we saw this, we became worried.) Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door. (After he took a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.) Heated to 100 degree, water boils. (When water is heated to 100 degree, it boils.) 三．表示原因，背景，状况，相当于because引导的状语从句Not having enough hands, we turned to them for help. Born in a poor family, he had only two years of schooling. Absorbed in his work, he neglected food and sleep. Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. Having finished the experiment, he left the lab. Having been giving such a good chance, hw could she let it slip away. 四．表示条件和假设，相当于if引导的状语从句 Taken in time, the medicine will be quite effective. 五．表示结果 He fell down, striking his head against the ground and hurting it. 六．独立主格形式（分词复合结构或独立结构） 当上述的分词结构中主句的主语不是现在分词的动作发出者或过去分词的动作承受者时，分词有自己的主语 Mother (being) ill, he didn’t go to school. With mother being ill, he didn’t go to school. Cf: Being ill, he didn’t go to school. Weather permitting, we shall go to the city park. Cf: Permitted, we shall go to the city park. The question (being) settled, we wound up the meeting. With the question being settled, we wound up the meeting. He came into the room, his face (being) red with cold. He came into the room, with his face being read with cold.
分词作状语(附练习) 中学英语教学资源网→教学文摘→分词作状语2011-11-21 →手机版 分词作状语是高考考查的热点和重要考点，其热点考查内容如下： 一．确定分词形式 分词作状语时，通常放在句首，并且用逗号与主句隔开。同时，分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致，也就是说在确定选择现在分词还是过去分词时，要判断主句主语与分词中心词的关系。如果句子的主语是动词-ing形式所表示的动作的发出者（即表主动或正在进行），分词形式选用现在分词；如果句子的主语是动词-ed形式所表示的动作的承受者时（即表被动或完成），分词形式选用过去分词。 例：1, _______, I stretched my hand out for it. A. I saw the book I wanted on the shell B. The book I wanted was on the shell C. Seeing the book lying across the desk D. Lying on the desk 分析：分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。根据这一原则，可知句子的主语I 只能与see保持一致。如果选A, 该句中没有连词，没能构成并列句和主从复合句，此时要选用非谓语动词形式。所以选C 2, Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. 分析：“Seen from the hill”是过去分词作状语。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。根据这一原则，可知，“the park”是“Seen from the hill”的逻辑主语，它们之间表示被动关系，所以分词形式用seen. 二．确立句子主语可能是谁 确立句子主语可能是谁时，仍然遵循分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致的原则。反过来要根据分词形式确立句子主语。 例：Having been attacked by terrorists, _________. A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed C. an emergency measure was taken D. warning were given to tourists 分析: 本题仍考查非谓语动词的用法。句中“Having been attacked by terrorists”是现在分词作状语。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。根据这一原则，可知“受攻击”的应是“the tall building”, 即“Having been attacked”的逻辑主语是“the tall building”.句意为“大楼因为受到恐怖分子的袭击而倒塌”. 答案: B 三．独立主格结构 分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致，但当分词逻辑主语与主语不一致时，分词要有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种主语常常是名词或代词，置于动词-ing形式或动词-ed形式之前。这种名词/代词+动词-ing/动词-ed结构在语法上被称为独立主格结构。此时分词形式的选择取决于名词/代词与v-ing/v-ed形式所表示动作的逻辑关系，如果它们之间表示主动或分词动作正在进行，选择现在分词，如果它们之间表示被动或完成，选择过去分词。 1, 名词/代词+动词-ing 例：Spring coming on, the trees turned green. 2，名词/代词+动词-ed