2015最新考研英语核心词汇说文解词Unit 3

考研英语高频重点单词详解系列之2015年阅读Text 3（下）1. 74process ['prəʊses]n.1.(为取得某个结果而采取的)步骤，程序，过程;(自然发展、变化的)过程，进程2. 制作法，工序，工艺流程v.1.加工，处理，冲印(照片) 2. 审阅，审核，处理(文件、请求等)3. 列队行进;缓慢而严肃地行进【词根记忆】：pro (前缀：向前)+ cess (走) →向前走的过程→过程，程序【短语搭配】：in the process of在…的过程中in process过程中的;在进行中in process of正在;在…过程中【真题例句】：The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. 主编今天宣布《自然》杂志正在增加对同等的检查过程增加新一轮的统计检查。

(2015年阅读Part A)2. 10confidence ['kɑnfɪdəns]n. 信任，信心，把握;私下说的话秘，密话【词根记忆】：con一起+fid=faith+ce名词后缀→各方面都能信任(自己)→信心【短语搭配】：have confidence in自信的,确信的;【真题例句】：“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,”writes McNutt in an editorial. “读者们一定要相信我们杂志发布的结论”McNutt在一篇社评中写道。

(2015年阅读Part A)3. 7internal [ɪk'stɝnl]a. 内部的，内在的【词根记忆】：inter-词根：外部，n-无意义，al-的【短语搭配】：internal trade, revenue, etc 国内贸易﹑税收【真题例句】：Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. 手稿将被标记来供该杂志的编辑内部进行额外的审查由，或者通过编辑审查其现有的董事会或由外部同行评议。

1.Unit OneA Question of Degree对学位的质疑Perhaps we should rethink an idea fast becoming an undisputed premise of American life that a college degree is necessary(and perhaps even a sufficient) precondition for success.I do not wish to quarrel with the assumptions made about the benefits of orthodox education.I want only to expose its false god:the four-year, all-purpose,degree-granting college,aimed at the so-called college-age population and by now almost universally accepted as the stepping-stone to“meaningful”and “better”jobs.What is wrong with the current college/work cycle can be seen in the following anomalies:we are selling college to the youth of American as a take-off pad for the material good life.College is literally advertised and packaged as a means for getting more money through“better”jobs at the same time that Harvard graduates are taking jobs as taxi drivers.This situation is perversion of the true spirit of a university，a perversion of a humane social ethic and，at bottom，a patent fraud.To take the last point first,the economy simply is not geared to guaranteeing these presumptive “better”jobs;the colleges are not geared to training for such jobs;and the ethical propriety of the entire enterprise is very questionable.We are by definition(rather than by analysis)establishing two kinds of work:work labeled“better”because it has a degree requirement tagged to it and nondegree work,which,through this logic, becomes automatically“low level”.This process is also destroying our universities.The“practical curriculum”must become paramount;the students must become servants of big business and big government.Under these conditions the university can no longer be an independent source of scientific and philosophic truth-seeking and moral criticism.Finally,and most important，we are destroying the spirit of youth by making college compulsory at adolescence,when it may be least congruent with emotional and physical needs;and we are denying college as an optional and continuing experience later in life,when it might be most congruent with intellectual and recreational needs.Let me propose an important step to reverse these trends and thus help restore freedom and dignity to both our colleges and our workplaces.We should outlaw employment discrimination based on college degrees.This would simply be another facet of our“equal-opportunity”policy and would add college degrees to sex,age, race,religion and ethnic group as inherently unfair bases for employment selection.People would，wherever possible，demonstrate their capacities on the job.Where that proved impractical，outside tests could still serve.The medical boards，bar exams，mechanical，mathematical and verbal aptitude tests might still be used by various enterprises.The burden of proof of their legitimacy，however，would remain with the using agencies.So too would the costs.Where the colleges were best equipped to impart a necessary skill they would do so，but only where it would be natural to the main thrust of a university endeavor.The need for this rethinking and for this type of legislation may best be illustrated by a case study.Joe V.is a typical liberal-arts graduate，fired by imagination art and literature.He took a job with a large New York City Bank，where he had the opportunity to enter the“assistant manager training program”.The trainees rotated among different bank departments to gain technical know-how and experience and also received classroom instruction，including some sessions on“how to write a business letter.”The program was virtually restricted to college graduates. At the end of the line，the trainees became assistant bank managers：a position consisting largely of giving simple advice to bank customers and a modest amount of supervision of employees.Joe searched for some connection between the job and the training program，on the one hand，and his college-whetted appetites and skills on the other.He found nothing.In giving Joe preference for the training program,the bank had bypassed a few enthusiastic aspirants already dedicated to a banking career and daily demonstrating their competence in closely related jobs.After questioning his superiors about the system,Joe could only conclude that the“top brass”had some very diffuse and not-too-well–researched or even well-thought-out conceptions about college men. The executives admitted that a college degree did not of itself ensure the motivation or the verbal or social skills needed.Nor were they about what skills were most desirable for their increasing diverse branches.Yet they clung to the college prerequisite.Business allows the colleges to act as recruiting,screening and training agencies for them because it saves money and time.Why colleges allow themselves to act as servicing agents may not be as apparent.One reason may be that colleges are increasingly becoming conventional bureaucracies.It is inevitable,therefore,that they should respond to the first and unchallenged law of bureaucracy:expand!The more that college’s can persuade outside institutions to restrict employment in favor of theirclientele,the stronger is the college’s hold and attraction.This rational becomes even clearer when we understand that the budgets of public universities hang on the number of students“serviced”.Seen from this perspective,then,it is perhaps easier to understand why such matters as“university independence”or“the propriety”of using the public bankroll to support enterprises that are expected to make private profits, can be dismissed.Conflict of interest is difficult to discern when the interests involved are your own.What is equally questionable is whether a college degree,as such,is proper evidence that new skills that are truly needed will be delivered.A friend who works for Manpower Training Program feels that there is a clear divide between actual job needs and college-degree requirements.One of her chief frustration is the knowledge that many persons with ability to do paraprofessional mental-health work are lost to jobs they could hold with pleasure and profit because the training program also require a two-year associate art degree.Obviously,society can and does manipulate job status.I hope that we can manipulate it in favor of the greatest number of people.More energy should be spent in trying to upgrade the dignity of all socially useful work and to eliminate the use of human beings for any work that proves to be truly destructive of the human spirit. Outlawing the use of degrees as prerequisites for virtually every job that our media portray as“better”should carry us a long step toward a healthier society.Among other things,there is far more evidence that work can make college meaningful than that college can make work meaningful.My concern about this degree/work cycle might be far less acute;however,if everyone caught up in the system were having a good time.But we seem to be generating a college population that oscillates between apathy and hostility.One of the major reasons for this joylessness in our university life is that the students see themselves as prisoners of economic necessity.They have bought the media message about better jobs,and so they do their time.But the promised land of“better”job is, on the one hand,not materializing,and on the other hand the students is by now socialized to find such“better”jobs distasteful even if they were to materialize.One of the major improvements that could result from the proposed legislation against degree requirements for employments would be a new stocktaking on the part of all our educational pulsory schools,for example,would understand that the basic skills for work and family life in our society would have to be compressed into those years of schooling.Colleges and universities,on the other hand,might be encouraged to be unrestricted,as continuous and as open as possible.They would be released from the pressures of ensuring economic survival through a practical curriculum.They might best be modeled after museums.Hours would be extensive，fees minimal，and services available to anyone ready to comply with course-by-course demands.College under these circumstances would have a clearly understood focus，which might well be the traditional one of serving as gathering place for those persons who want to search for philosophic and scientific“truths”.This proposal should help our universities rid themselves of some strange and gratuitous practices.For example，the university would no longer have to organize itself into hierarchical levels：B.A.,M.A.,PH.D.There would simply be courses of greater and lesser complexity in each of the disciplines.In this way graduate education might be more rationally understood and accepted for what it is——more education.The new freedom might also relieve colleges of the growing practice of instituting extensive“work programs,”“internships”and“independence study”programs.The very names of these enterprises are tacit admissions that the campus itself is not necessary for many genuinely educational experiences.But,along with “external degree”programs,they seem to pronounce that whatever one has learned in life by whatever diverse and interesting routes cannot be recognized as increasing one’s dignity,worth,usefulness or self-enjoyment until it is converted into degree credits.The legislation I propose would offer a more rational order of priorities.It would help recapture the genuine and variegated dignity of workplace along with the genuine and more specialized dignity of the university.It would help restore to people of all ages and inclinations a sense of their own basic worth and offer them as many roads as possible to reach Rome.Vocabulary1.What look like generous hire-purchase terms are fundamentally just encouragement to the customer to spend his very last penny.【at bottom】2.A lot of viewers complain that there is too much crime and needless sex and violence on TV.【gratuitous无端的】3.I read a brief extract of Erving Goffman's new detective novel on the train and it has rather aroused my appetite for mysteries.【whetted引起】4.The article simply records the political changes of the last year,but it doesn't offer an honest appraisal of the government's achievements.【stocktaking评价估量】st week the city government warned that it would consider legislation to forbid smoking in public places.【outlaw不合法】6.Is it not something of an oddity to have a President of one political persuasion and a Prime Minister of another.【anomaly异常】7.These bigger companies have the money,but they don't always have the expertise to get the job done right.【know-how技能】8.As a member of the club,you must abide by its rules and regulations,otherwise you'll be punished severely.【comply with遵照，遵守】9.Asked whether she would like to work with Jack in my office，Mary replied"No" with obvious distaste.【patent显然的】10.There are many priorities,but reducing the budget deficit as soon as possible is more important than anything else.【paramount最高的】1.What monstrous perversion扭曲of the human spirit leads a sniper to open fire on a bus carrying children2.His writing is so diffuse冗长，obscure and overwrought that it is difficult to make out what it is he is trying to say3.We were in a hurry so we decided to bypass忽略Canterbury because we knew there'd be a lot of traffic there.4.The office director insisted that there was no question as to the propriety合适ofhow the benevolent funds were raised.5.Hector has been trying to get his job upgraded升级for years,but management won't because they'd have to pay him more.6.As a moody young adolescent,Mandy oscillates波动between joyous enthusiasm and melodramatic despair,most especially when it comes to boys.7·How successful they were would hang on坚持下去the speed with which the product could be distributed to the shops.8.Judging by the books sold，this young writer seems to have a strong hold over the reading public.9.If I were you,I would never allow my daughter to attend a such apathy冷漠exists among both the students and teachers.10.She rose,came up to me and said:“Could you provide me with a clear rationale 解释for taking this course of action"2.Unit Two The Middle Class中产阶级The middle class is distinguishable more by its earnestness and psychic insecurity than by its middle income.I have known some very rich people who remain stubbornly middle-class,which is to say they remain terrified at what others think of them,and to avoid criticism are obsessed with doing everything right.The middle class is the place where table manners assume an awful importance...The middle class,always anxious about offending,is the main market for"mouthwashes," and if it disappeared the whole"deodorant"business would fall to the ground.中产阶级有另别于其他阶级的特征是他们一本正经的生活态度和缺乏安全感的精神状态，而不是他们的中等收入。

▪ [词组]
▪ hold back 退缩；阻止；抑制 ▪ hold on 等一等；停一停；别挂电话, 坚持 ▪ hold out伸出；递出；维持；保密；坚持；
不屈服 ▪ hold up 举起；支持；耽搁；抢劫
▪ [同义词]
▪ cling ▪ vi. 坚持，墨守；紧贴；附着 ▪ withstand ▪ v. 经受住；承受；顶住 ▪ seize ▪ vt. 抓住；夺取；理解；逮捕
▪ evidence【n.】根据；证据；形迹，迹象
▪ [形近词] ▪ evident adj. 明显的；明白的 ▪ [同义词] ▪ proof n. 证明；证据；校样；考验；验证；试验 ▪ adj. 防…的；不能透入的；证明用的；耐…的
Unit 3
A. 单词识记
▪ subject ▪ 【vt.】使遭受；使服从；使隶属 ▪ 【n.】主题；题；学科；科目；主语 ▪ 【adj.】受……支配的；服从于……的 ▪ 形近词 ▪ subjective ▪ 【adj.】主观的；个人的；自觉的
▪ subject ▪ 【vt.】使遭受；使服从；使隶属 ▪ 【n.】主题；题；学科；科目；主语 ▪ 【adj.】受……支配的；服从于……的 ▪ 词组 ▪ be subject to：遭受；承受
▪ fundamental adj. 基本的，根本的 ▪ fundamentally adv. 根本地，从根本上；
基础地
▪ non-fundamentalist ▪ underfund v.投资不足
▪ hold: 【v.】持有；拥有；保存；拘留；约束或
控制
▪
【n.】专款；基金；资金
▪ [形近词]
▪ household n. 家庭；同住在一所房子里的人； 一家人

2015考研词汇速成spectacular a.壮观的n.惊人之举第一部分身体部位及人物关系spectator n.观众，旁观者(一)眼speculate vi.推测2.投机vt.推测spec, spect, spic, spisef speculation n.思索，做投机买卖respect speculative a.思索的，推测的respectable adj.值得尊敬的aspect n. 1.方面2.方向3.面貌，外观Tommasi ni regards Gilbert as an artist who is C spectrum n .1.光谱2.范围，幅度A. in flue ntialB. modestC. respectableD. tale nted (2011. Text 1-22) vid,vis，看见respectful a.恭敬的，尊敬的video n.录相带a.视频的disrespectful a.无礼的view n. 1.看法2.景色vt.看待respective a.各自的viewpoi nt n.观点respectively ad.各自地visitor n.参观者，访问者，来客retrospect n.回顾，追溯vt.回顾，追忆vi.回evide nt a.明显的，明白的顾，追溯，回想review n./vt. 1.审查2.复习3.评论4.检….raising a child can bring happ in ess in 阅retrospect …..(2011 text 4) visibleprospect n.前途；预期vt.(for)勘探，勘察in visible 看不见的，无形的The prospect seems remote. (2010. Text 1). visulize 使可视化，使具体化，使形象化prospective a.预期的，未来的visual 视力的expect visit 参观expectati on n.期待；预期；指望visio n n.视力，洞察力；想象力，幻觉。

当听到 apple 的发音，你能够听
掌握其发音
/'æ pəl/
懂，并在脑海中形成 apple 的形 像。
掌握其词性
noun
一个单词可能有多种词性及 多种意思。美英桥的处理方 法是将其分开处理。
能够组成一个句子
Ben was always the apple of his father's eye(loved very much ).
词性
英文解释
based on general ideas or principles rather than specific examples or real events,= theoretical studying or dealing with a school subject at a difficult level having the most modern and recently developed ideas, methods, etc If something is advisable, it will avoid problems or risks if you do it. something that is ambiguous is unclear, confusing, or not certain, especially because it can be understood in more than one way correct or suitable for a particular time, situation, or purpose difficult to use, do, or deal with causing inconvenience, anxiety or embarrassment or nervous brave; not fearing danger not shy, especially in a way that shows a lack of respect strong in colour or shape, and very noticeable to the eye quick and full of energy and active hard but easily broken,easily damaged or destroyed very important or basic happening by chance without being planned relaxed and not worried, or seeming not to care about something moving in an awkward way and tending to make things fall over a clumsy action or statement is said or done carelessly or badly, and likely to upset someone

assail speedily 快速攻击 assail with 攻击 bombard assail 炮击
assailant adj. 袭击的；攻击的 n.攻击者 assailable adj. 易受攻击的
Soical Lies' Word (1~4paragraph)
13.honesty [ˈɑ:nəsti]
generalize reaaoning 归纳推理 generalize to 推广到
generalizable adj. 可概括的，可归纳的； generality n. 概论；普遍性；大部分；
Soical Lies' Word (1~4paragraph)
3.irritate [ˈɪrɪˌtet]
intolerant species 不耐污染的品种 intolerant traders 低风险承受者 intolerant tree 阳生树
intolerable adj. 无法忍受的 intolerably adv.到难耐的程度 intolerance n. 不宽容
Soical Lies' Word (1~4paragraph)
obsessive compulsive 强迫症 compulsive shopping 购物狂 compulsive gambler 赌徒
compulsion n.强制
Soical Lies' Word (1~4paragraph)
12.assail [əˈsel]
vt.使苦恼；困扰；猛击；
She is assailed by self-doubt and emotional insecurity. 她被自我怀疑和情感不安所困扰。
14.hairdo [ˈherdu:]

Unit 1眼耳口鼻（一）1.a udi=to hear（听）★说文解词：Audi就是“奥迪”，我们都听说过的汽车品牌。

而词根audi的含义就是to hear（听）。

audience（音乐会等的听众、观众）Vs spectator（体育赛事等的观众）audience spectatorgymnasium Beijing National StadiumBeijing National Aquatics Center2. cant，cent=to sing（唱歌）★说文解词：cant----chantcamp----championcant----cent（词根中元音字母a-e-i-o-u向下替换，以增强构词力）accent① n. 口音, 腔调：London accent：ask，gardener② n./ v. 重音；重读重点；突出重点，强调：to accent the practical utility of the computers【近stress，emphasis；highlight，emphasize】incentiven. 激励；刺激［~ (for/to sb/sth) (to do sth)］】A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives forpromising start.（2005 Text 2）3. rod, ros = to bite （咬）★说文解词：词根rod ，ros 的准确含义是“啃，咬”，是bite 的持续、反复的动作；所以由它衍生出的单词corrode ，erosion 都含有“逐渐侵蚀、损害”的含义。

corrodev. to eat away or be eaten away, esp. by chemical action 腐蚀，侵蚀（喻） v. 渐渐损害，损伤：corrode public confidenceerosionn. the process by which the surface of sth is gradually destroyed by wind, rain etc.侵蚀，风化（喻）n. 逐渐毁坏，削弱★说文解词：spec----spi(c)scop★熟词助记：re spect：（re-=back，again）反复看，一遍遍地看→ v./n.尊敬，重视micro scope：（micro微小）使人看到微小的东西→ n.显微镜respect① n./vt. 尊重，重视【反disrespect】②n. = aspect（事物的）方面，细节irrespectiveaspect→)样子，外观；(看的→)方面，层面The sobering aspect of Allen ’s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except 2011翻译）expect① vt. （自己对……的→）预期；盼望→）要求，指望 【近demand 】1. ...consumption of food and drink in places other than homes ...is expected to approach 38 percent by ）2. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today ’s economic climate.（2013 Part B ）inspectvt. 检查；视察inspection n.perspective①n. 景观，远景②n. 透视法→思考方法；观点态度客观判断力，权衡轻重的能力［in ~］1.From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an（2007 Text 3）2. Not everyone sees that process in perspective. It is important to do so. (2002知识运用)①n. 风景，景色②n. 前景，可能性→）成功的机会；有望获胜者：a good prospect for a gold medal1. This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad.2. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed.（2011翻译）；】①n. ［用复数］眼镜spectacles contact lenses ② n.壮观的场面、景象（反向延伸）奇特的现象，出人意外的情况Potala Palacehypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply.）speculate① v. 推测，猜测［~about/on sth ］→）投机，做投机买卖［~in/on sth ］But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big picture was leading 知识运用speculation n.suspect① v. think 觉得（尤指坏事可能属实或发生）speculate② v. mistrust不信任(某事物)；怀疑（某人有罪）：suspect him of theftn. 嫌疑犯，可疑对象’s emotional thermostat...（2005 Text 3）suspect your motives.(外刊)suspicion n.The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally（2006翻译）Men in female-dominated jobs are conspicuous.（1988翻译）】范围，领域 → （做事的）空间，余地，机会’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the Supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders.（2010 Text 4）2. With the situation still fluid, there is plenty of scope for lobbying against rules that could hurt profits.（外刊）telescopen. 望远镜（像收缩镜筒→）v. to become shorter, or make sth shorter, by（使）叠缩 → 缩短，精简 Such history and pre-history tend to be telescoped into a very oral tradition and handed down from generation to generation.★词源串讲：species：appearance, sight, a seeing（样子，看到的景象）→外观相同的一类→物种，种类specificspeciala. 特殊的；专门的→ n. 特别活动；特制产品；特价：coffee is on specialspecialistspecialityspecific① a. detailed and exact 明确的；具体的② a. particular 特定的，特指的[~ to ]【近peculiar to 】specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as （2007 Text 1）2. emerging Internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions （2010 Text 2）3. Such a reformulation is not specific to a particular school of thought.（外刊）specification5. vid, vis=to see(看见)★说文解词：audi o——vide ovis it——vis itorevidence①n. 证据，证明→ vt. 证明，作为……的证据：as evidenced by②in evidence：easily seen or noticed显眼，惹人注意provide①vt. 提供，供应②provide（提供）against （以防备）sth（不测）：预防，防备※③vt. （法规、规章）规定（必须做）1. At the age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibilities as well as rights... (1991 Text 2)’s order books: to provide against price risesand shortage, his customers had swamped him with orders. (外刊)］envision）设想，展望1. The potential evolution of today’s technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated,s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. (2013 Text 3)2. The framers of the Constitution envisioned law as having authority apart from politics.（2012知识运用）revise① v. 修正，修订（意见、计划、文稿等）② v.（在考试前）复习revise. (2008 Part B)supervisev. 监督，管理，指导】In 1924 America ’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago.（2010知识运用）The same dramatic technological changes...have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will ， more visible ， and much more damaging ways.（2011 Text 3）vision① n. 视力，视野：field of vision② n. （开阔的视野，长远的目光→） 远见卓识：a leader with vision想像，念头Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely—though by no meansglowingly positive. (2013 Text 3)visualvisualise★词源串讲：缩合：prudent----provident（=pro- +vid+ -ent= 向前看的→为未来打算的）。

Unit 31．urbana.城市的；都市的；习惯于都市生活的【例句】①More and more people are moving to urban areas. 越来越多的人正迁向城市。

【扩展】suburb n. 郊区；郊外；近郊rural a. 农村的，乡间的，乡村地区的，具有乡村特色的2．chartn.图表【例句】①On three walls are pasted large charts illustrating world poverty. 三面墙上都贴着表明世界贫困状况的大型曲线图。

3．securea.安全的，可靠的【例句】①The little boy felt secure near his parents. 那小男孩在父母身边感到安心。

【派生】security4. analyzev.分析；分解【例句】①The new tonic was analyzed and found to contain small amounts of poison. 这种新药经过化验，被发现其中含有少量毒素。

【派生】analysis n.分析，分解analyzable a. 可被分析的；可被分解的analyst n.分解者；分析者analytical a.分析的；分解的5. barriern. 障碍【例句】①Family background should be no barrier to success in life. 家庭背景不应是成功的障碍。

【搭配】language barrier 语言障碍Set up a barrier between 在。

中间设置障碍Remove the barrier between 拆除。

中间的障碍【辨析】barricade 通常指用树，土堆，砖墙等造的临时的障碍物barrier 指故意设置的用来阻止或控制物体前进的障碍物，更多的用来指抽象的障碍block 指在道路或其他通道之中，使其不顺畅的障碍物obstacle 多指抽象的障碍6．transformv.改变；改观；使变形【例句】①She transformed the room by painting it. 她油漆了房间使它为之一新。

Unit 2眼耳口鼻（二）1. cite=to summon（召唤）★说文解词：单词cite最初的含义即to summon“召唤，传唤”。

★熟词助记：excite（ex-=out）to call out唤出、引出反应→ v.使兴奋，激发cite①vt. 传讯，传唤（到法院）②vt. （召唤出例子→）引证，举实例；（召唤出原文→）引述【近quote】→）嘉奖，表彰：They were cited for their outstanding performance. Levin asserted that “music is not the cause of society’s ills” and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx,（1997 Text 4）recite①v. （尤指对听众）背诵，吟诵②v. 列举，逐一讲述：recite a list of interests and accomplishmentsrecitation2. claim，clam=to cry（大叫）★说文解词：cl a m---- cl ai mac claim-----ac clam ation，ex claim----ex clam ation，pro claim-----pro clam ationpro nounce-----pro nunci ationacclaimvt. 欢呼，喝彩→称赞)，喝彩(声) ；称誉：win universal acclaimAt any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an（2010 Part B）claim①大喊着→声称，主张（to state）一个观点→表明对某物有所有权而→（to demand）要求，索取（应得的权利或财物）；(向保险公司)索赔→认领※②（物做主语）→（to demand）（指事物）需要, 值得（关注等）that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006（2011知识运用）3. The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market.（2010 Text 2）4. Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face.（2010 Text 2）5. As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants. (1999 Text 1)①vt. 宣布，公示→）明确显示，清楚表明proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least （2004 Text 4）2. The friars in the coarse cloth and open sandals proclaim the virtue of poverty. (外刊)①vt. 要求收回、归还；取回：in an effort to reclaim their cultural and spiritual heritage②vt. 开垦（荒地）；(自废料中)回收(有用材料)【近recycle】③vt. 教化，使悔过自新［~sb］：to reclaim the youthful criminal3. voc，voke=to call（喊）★说文解词：v oi ce---- vo cvo k★熟词助记：vocabulary= voc+ -able+ -ary（表示集合）=声音语言的集合，所说的词汇的集合→n.词汇；词汇量；词汇表（反应）advocate①v. 拥护，提倡n. 提倡者，鼓吹者1. Even Tommasini，who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times，calls him “anmusician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.”（2011 Text 1）2. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.（2012 Text 1）advocacyevokevt. 引起，唤起（某人强烈的感情、回忆或某种形象）：evoke a feeling, a memory etc.provoke①vt. 激起，引起（尤指强烈的、不愉快的反应）（某人作出某种反应）1. The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last）2. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids.（2011 Text 4）激怒公牛vocala. 嗓音的，发声的（喻）a. 强烈反对的，直言不讳的：He has been very vocal in his displeasure over the results.vocationn. a job that you do because you have a very strong feeling that doing this job is the purpose of your life （指自己非常热爱的）工作，职业【近call ing】（从事某行业的）素质，才能；信心，使命感：have a true vocation for teaching These days the Net... is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.（2003 Text 1）★说文解词：dictionary= dict+-ion+-ary（表示集合）将人们所说语言汇集→n.词典predictvt. 预言，预测 【近fore cast ，fore see 】addictan illegal chemical taken by drug addicts （1997 Text 3）】 predictably ad. prediction n.contradictvt. to disagree with sth by saying that the opposite is true反驳，批驳相抵触、相矛盾：those statements contradict each other...ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview（1998 Text 3）为……举行落成仪式→为（书等）题献词：this book is dedicated to…；②vt. 将（时间、精力等）奉献给［~ oneself/sth to］① v. to say or read aloud words for sb else to write down口授；让（某人）听写： dictated a letter② v. 强行规定，指使 n.命令, 指示 【近command, order 】→）v.支配，决定 【近dominate, determine 】’ meeting to dictate their orders to the management （1996 Text 3）dictates a universal grammar （2012翻译）①n. ［pl. indexes］索引；卡片目录：index cardsvt. 编入索引，给……编索引②n. ［pl. indices］标志，指标【近sign, indication, indicator】pl. indices 或indexes］（专业含义→）（用于比较今昔价格、费用等的）指数1. Now, consider three indices of assimilation—language, home ownership and intermarriage.（2006 Text 1）’s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago.（2002 Text 3）indicate①v. （事物→）表明，显示，标志着（某事存在、会发生等）【近denote, signal, signify】②v. （人→）表明，暗示（意向等）【近suggest, imply】③v. （具体动作→）point, point to指，指示，指向：She indicated the quickest route to us on the map.1. ...the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire（2005知识运用）indicated that they would appeal to privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer.（1999 Text 4）indicationverdict①n.（法庭上陪审团做出的）裁决，裁定~on sb/sth 【近resolution】... witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in guilty verdicts.（2001知识运用）★说文解词：谣言女神Fama“法玛”，fa ma= talk, rumor, reportfa=to speak, tell, sayfab famfess与fa组是近亲，含义上更抽象化，指to admit。

2015年考研英语一text3The year 2015 witnessed the release of the English Proficiency Test 1 (EPT1) in China. This national exam, widely known as the "Kaoyan English," has become a critical component of the postgraduate entrance examination for many aspiring students in the country. The text presented in the EPT1 section serves as a crucial assessment tool, evaluating the applicants' comprehensive English language abilities.The significance of this text cannot be overstated as it not only determines the candidates' eligibility for postgraduate programs but also reflects the broader landscape of English language education in China. The text's content, structure, and complexity provide valuable insights into the skills and knowledge deemed essential for success in the country's highly competitive postgraduate admission process.The text selected for the 2015 EPT1 examination offers a captivating exploration of the evolving role of English in the global context. It delves into the intricate dynamics of language, culture, and international communication, presenting a thought-provoking perspective on the challenges and opportunities that arise in an increasingly interconnected world.At the heart of the text lies the recognition that English has transcended its traditional boundaries, transforming from a language associated with specific geographic regions to a global lingua franca. This shift has profound implications for individuals, societies, and nations, as the mastery of English has become a key determinant of success in various spheres, from academia to the corporate world.The text skillfully navigates the nuances of this linguistic evolution, highlighting the inherent complexities and the need for a nuanced understanding of the relationship between language, identity, and cultural exchange. It challenges the notion of a singular, monolithic "Standard English," acknowledging the diverse and dynamic nature of the language as it adapts to the varied contexts in which it is utilized.One of the central themes explored in the text is the concept of "World Englishes," which recognizes the emergence of localized varieties of English that reflect the unique cultural, social, and historical influences of different regions. The text delves into the implications of this phenomenon, examining how the pluralization of English challenges traditional notions of linguistic authority and ownership.Furthermore, the text delves into the role of English in fostering cross-cultural communication and understanding. It explores theopportunities and challenges that arise when individuals from diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds engage in meaningful exchange, highlighting the importance of developing intercultural competence and sensitivity.The text also addresses the complex interplay between language, identity, and power dynamics. It examines how the dominance of English in certain spheres, such as academia and international business, can potentially marginalize other languages and cultures, raising questions about linguistic imperialism and the need for linguistic diversity.Crucially, the text does not offer simplistic solutions or prescriptive approaches. Instead, it encourages readers to engage in critical thinking, to consider the multifaceted nature of the issues at hand, and to explore the nuanced perspectives that emerge from the ongoing dialogue surrounding the role of English in the global landscape.By delving into the 2015 EPT1 text, readers are invited to grapple with the challenges and opportunities presented by the evolving status of English, ultimately fostering a deeper understanding of the language's impact on individual lives, societal dynamics, and the broader global context. The text's richness and complexity serve as a testament to the significance of the EPT1 examination in shaping theeducational and professional trajectories of aspiring postgraduate students in China.。

2015考研英语词汇表accommodate 使适应，使符合一致accommodate oneself to changedcircumstancesaccompany 陪伴，伴随She was accompanied to a dinner by her friend.accomplish 达到（目的），完成（任务），实现（计划，诺言等）accomplish one's purposeaccord 使符合，相一致(with) His violent action do not accord with his peaceful words.account 记述，叙述give a brief account of what has happened accumulate 积累，积攒，积聚accumulate wisdomaccurate 准确的，精确的an accurate estimateaccuse 指控，指责They accused her publicly of stealing their books. accustom 使习惯于accustom oneself to rising (to rise) early acquaint 使认识，使了解activate 使活动起来，使开始起作用，启动They have planted secretagents in manycountries whocould be activatedwhenever needed. acute 尖锐的，敏锐的an acute thinkeraddress 演说 a television addressadhere 黏附，附着Paste is used to make one surface adhere toanother. adjacent 临近的，毗邻的(to) a city and its adjacent suburbsadjoin 贴近，与...毗邻His house adjoins the lake.administrate 掌管，料理...的事务In many Japanese homes, the fundsare administrated by the wife. adolescent （尤指16岁以下的）青少年 a film aimed at adolescents advance 使向前移动advance a chessmanadvantage 有利条件，优点Sitting Presidents hold built-in advantageswhen seeking another term.adverse 不友好的，敌对的She felt adverse to her husband's friends. advocate 拥护，提倡，主张advocate self-defenceaesthetic 美学的，艺术的，审美an aesthetic theoryaffliliate 使隶属（或附属）于，使成为会员 a government affiliatedcompanyaffirm 断言，申明affirm the truth of a statementaggravate 加重，加剧，恶化aggravate the declining economy aggressive 侵犯的，侵略的an aggressive weaponagitate 搅动（液体等）The machine agitated the mixture.alarm 惊恐，忧虑The bandits scattered in alarm.alert 警惕的，留神的In our reading we should always be alert fornew usages.allege 断言，宣称The newspaper alleges the mayor's guilt. allocate 分配，分派，把...拨给allocate funds for new projects allied 结盟的，有关联的allied nationsallowance 津贴，补贴，零用钱 a housing allowancealternate 交替，轮流Night and day alternate.amateur （艺术，科学等的）业余爱好者an amateur golfer ambiguous 含糊不清的，模棱两可的an ambiguous answer amend 修改，修订amend the spelling in sb.'s paperamuse 逗乐，逗笑，给...提供娱乐（或消遣）The clown at the circusamused the children.anchor 锚The anchor catches (drags).announce 宣布，声称It is officially announced that he will not run forreelection.annoy 使恼怒，使生气She was annoyed at (with) his lightheardattitude.anonymous 匿名的，无名的an anonymous letter (phone call) anticipate 预期，预料The directors anticipated a fall in demand (thatdemand would fall).apart 成零碎Such cheap clothes come apart after a few washings. apparent 显然的，明明白白的It was apparent that they all understood.applaud 鼓掌，喝彩，叫好The audience applauds the performers for three minutes.apply 涂，敷He applied two coats of paint to the table.appoint 任命，委派They appointed his father (to be 或as) postmaster.appraise 估量，估计appraise the infant's weightappreciate 感激I appreciated your help much.apprehend 对...担心Do you apprehend that there will be any difficulty?approach 靠近，接近John is approaching manhood.appropriate 恰当的，相称的Plain, simple clothes are appropriate for school wear.approve 赞成，同意I couldn't approve his conduct.approximate 大概的，大约的，近似的The approximate time is 10 o'clock.apt （习性）易于......的，有......倾向的 A careless person is apt to make mistakes.arbitrary 随心所欲的，个人武断的，任意的an arbitrary choice arise 起立，起身arise from one's seatarouse 使......奋发 A man like Tom will be aroused. Don’t worry. array 排列，队形The troops were formed in battle array.articulate 发音清晰的，善于表达的He is articulate about everythingin the field of economics. artificial 人工的，人造的，人为的artificial price controlsascend 登高，（渐渐）上升，升高The airplane ascended into the cloud. ascertain 查明，弄清，确定I ascertained that he was dead. ashamed 惭愧的，羞耻的I am ashamed for being so stupid. ashore 向岸，向陆地He swam ashore.aside 在旁边We stood aside to let her pass.assault 攻击，袭击We made an assault on the enemy fort. assemble 集合，召集assemble the members of Parliament for aspecial meeting.assert 肯定地说（出），坚定地断言He asserted his innocence. assess 估价，评价，评论assess the present state of the economy assign 分配，布置（作业）The teacher assigned (us) a new lesson. assimilate 吸收，消化He is quick to assimilate new ideas. associate （使）联系，（使）结合We naturally associated the name ofDarwin with the doctrine ofevolution.assume 假定，假设Farmers will have a bumper harvest, assuming(that) the weather si favarable.assure 深信不疑地对......说，向......保证assurance 保证，把握，信心He gave me his assurance that he would help.astonish 使惊讶I was astonished at his sudden appearance.attach 系，贴，连接attach a label to a suitcaseattain 达到，获得attain one’s goalattend 出席，参加（会议等）attend a weddingattendance 出席，参加，出席人数，出席率Our class has perfect attendance today.attentive 注意的，专心的an attentive audienceattribute 把归因于，把......（过错的责任等）归于(to) He attributed his success to hard work.auxiliary 辅助的an auxiliary rocketavail 有利于，有助于Will force alone avail us?average 平均数，平均The paper receives an average of nearly 100 articles a day.avert 挡开，防止，避免Many traffic accidents can be averted by courtesy.awake 醒，觉醒awake from sleepbang （突发的）sudden loud bangbare 赤裸的，光秃的，空无内容的walk in bare feetbeforehand 预先，事先If you wanted soup for lunch you should have told me beforehand.behave 举止端正，听话Do behave.bewilder 使迷惑，使糊涂I’m bewildered as to which one to buy.bias 偏见，偏心have a bias against sb.(或sth.)blame 责备，责怪Public opinion blames Mrs Smith for leading the girl astray.blast 一阵（风），一股（气流） a blast of windblaze 火焰The fire sprang into a blaze.blunt 钝的The sun was blazing down and the heat was oppressive. blush （因害羞、激动、窘困）脸红blush with(或for) joyboast 自吹自擂，自夸的话He is full of boasts.bolt 螺栓，（门，窗的）插销 a small bag of nuts and boltsboom 低沉有回响的声音The great bell tolled with a deep boom. border 边界，边境，边沿 a district on the Kampuchean side of the border with Thailandbore 钻孔，挖（通道）bore through a wallbound 跳跃，弹回She bounded to her feet and waved her right hand triumphantly.boycott （联合起来）抑制，拒绝参加boycott uncooperative manufacturesbrace 托架，支架He braced his muscles and lifted the weight. breed （使）繁殖Rabbits breed families rapidly.bribe 贿赂accept(或take)a bribe from sb.brief 短暂的，简短的，简洁的 a brief holidaybrisk 轻快的，生气勃勃的 a brisk pacebrittle 易碎的，一碰就破的brittle glassbrush 刷子，毛刷 a laundry brushbump 碰，撞(against, into) The truck bumped against the wall in the dark.burst 爆炸，爆裂The boiler burst.calculate 计算，推算calculate the distance between New York and Chicagocapture 俘虏，捕获capture butterfliescase 事例，事实，事情This is a case of poor judgment.cast 投，扔，抛，撒，掷cast doubt(s) on the feasibility of a scheme casual 偶然的，无计划的，随便的，非正式的 a casual meeting cease 停止，终止，结束The music ceased suddenly.character （事物的）性质，特质The furniture in Tom’s apartment waspretentious and without character. charge 要（价），收（费）The airlines charge half price for students. charm 魅力，魔力This thriving resort town has retained its villagecharm.chase 追逐，追求The police chased the escaping thief and caught himat last.check 使突然停止，制止check one’s stepscherish 珍爱，珍视cherish one’s native landchew 嚼，咀嚼He chewed a mouthful of meat.choke 窒息，噎住be choked by smokechorus 合唱队chronic （疾病）慢性的，（人）久病的chronic indigestionclarity 澄清，阐明clarify an issuecling 粘着The frightened child clung to her mother.clumsy 笨拙的 a clumsy boycluster （果实，花等的）串，束，簇; (人或物)的群，组 a cluster oftouristsclutch 紧抓，紧握clutch at an opportunitycoherent 一致的，协调的lack coherent political goalscoincide 相符，相一致100 Centigrade coincides with 212 Fahrenheit. collaborate （尤指在文艺、科学等方面）合作，协作He and Icollaborated in writing plays. collapse 倒坍，崩溃，瓦解The roof collapsed under the weight of thesnow.collide 碰撞，互撞The car collided with the truck. commemorate 纪念，庆祝commemorate a holidaycommend 表扬，称赞commend a soldier for braverycompact 紧密的，坚实的 a compact piece of luggagecompare 比较，对照(with, to) compare the body to a finely tunedmachinecompatible 能和睦相处的，合的来的You should choose a roommatemore compatible to yourtastes.compile 汇编，编制compile an anthology of poemscomply 遵从，顺从，服从comply with rules(safety regulations) compose 组成，构成England, Scotland, and Wales compose theisland of Great Britain. compress 压缩He compresses a lifetime as a soldier into a fewsentencescomprise 包含，包括The shipyard comprises three docks. compromise 妥协，折衷compromise over the hard-fought next. compulsory 必须做的，义务的 a compulsory subjectconceal 隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽He concealed his disappointment from hisfriends.conceive 构想出，设想conceive an ideaconcentrate 集中，专心concentrate one’s attentioncondemn 谴责We all condemn cruelty to children.condense （使）压缩，（使）凝结，使简洁condense a speech to half confine 限制，使局限They succeeded in confining the fire to a smallarea.conform 遵照，适应confirm to(或with) the rules(the law) confront （使）面临，（使）遭遇The war confronted him withhardships.conscious 意识到的，自觉地They were conscious that hedisapproved.consent 同意，赞同，准许The people will never consent to anotherwar.conserve 保护，保藏，保存conserve natural resourcesconsider 考虑，细想Consider carefully before doing anything. consist 组成，构成(of) The house consists of six rooms. consolidate 巩固，加强consolidate one’s positionconspicuous 显眼的，明显的，引人瞩目的He felt as conspicuous asif he had stood on astage.constitute 组成，构成constitute a threat to sb.consult 请教，与......商量consult a doctor about one’s illness consume 消费,花费: consume much of one’s time in readingcontact 接触,联系,交往: be in contact with sbcontain 包括,容纳, a list containing twelve itemscontaminate弄脏,污染,玷污,毒害: Fumes contaminate the air contempt轻视,轻蔑:show a contempt for sbcontest竞赛,比赛,竞争:the contest between the two powers for thecontrol of the regioncontract合同,契约:enter into(make)a contact withcontradict反驳,同….相矛盾,同….相抵触:The facts contradict his theorycontrary相反的,对抗的:take the contrary viewcontrast对照,对比,(对比之下显出的)差异:the contrast between the twoforms of government contribute捐(款等),捐献:He contributed 5dollars to the charity everypaydaycontrive设计,想出:contrive a new methodcontroversy(尤之以文字形式进行的争论),辨证:a point of controversy convention(正式)会议,(定期)大会:draft a new constitution at aconventionconvert转变,转化:convert coal to (into) pipeline gasconvey运送,输送,传送:a wire conveys an electric currentconvict(经审讯)证明…有罪,宣判…有罪:He was convicted ofsmugglingcoordinate调节,协调:coordinate the functions of government agencies cordial热情友好的,热诚的,真心的:a cordial hello(smile, invitation) correspond相符合相称(to,with):Fulfillment seldom corresponds toanticipation correspondent通信者,通讯员,记者:a good(bad)correspondent corresponding符合的,一致的:corresponding fingerprintscorrode(渐渐)损害,(一点一点地)损伤:Bribery corrodes the confidencethat must exist betweenbuyer and sellercorrupt堕落的,腐败的,贪赃舞弊的:lead a corrupt lifecount数,计算: count the moneycourse课程,科目:an English coursecourtesy 谦恭有礼。

A one another 相互arise from由…产生的；由… 带来的answer for对…负有责任，因…而受到惩罚abide by遵守，接受，遵循（决定、规则、协定等）anything but 绝对不adhere to 坚持，奉行；apart from/ aside from 除了be about to do即将，刚要（做某事）as for= as to关于，至于keep/stay abreast of sth与…齐头并进，跟上…的步伐as if/though 好像in abundance大量，丰富，充裕，充足as it is事实上by accident偶然，意外地as it were可以说，在一定程度上be in accord with同…相一致，与…相符合be associated with与.. 有关，与.... 有关系in accordance with依照，根据，按照pay attention to 关注according to根据，按照attribute …把( ... 归于be of no/little account不重要的，无足轻重的on (the/an) average 平均；通常on account of sth 由于，因为be aware of 意识至Uon no account/not on any account绝不take account of sth /take sth into account 仔纟细考虑清楚act on/upon sth根据（建议、命令、信息等）行事back and forth来回地，反复地be out of action （机器、交通工具等）坏了，无法工作了be born with 天生具有add up to sth合计达，总共是because of因为，由于in addition另夕卜，从另一方面来讲to begin with开始；首先，第一in addition to sb/sth 除…以外(还)on behalf of sb /on sb ' s behalf 表某人或代替某人in advance（of sth）预先，事先；在…之前come into being/be brought into being 产生，形成take advantage of sb （欺骗性地）利用，占…的便宜be beyond belief难以置信的take advantage of sth利用，把握着…的机会believe in 相信to (good/best) advantage^ 效地，出色地at best充其量，至多be in the air存在的，即将出现的do/try your best 尽力be on/off （the） air （电视、收音机等）正在播放节目或停止had best/ better do sth 最好，应该播放节目be better off比以前有钱；比别人富裕be up in the air无法做出决定的，悬而未决的give birth (to s b/sth)生(孩子)，产生be on the alert （for）警戒着，随时准备着 a bit 一点儿，细微地，轻微地above all首先，尤其是bit by bit 一点一点地，逐渐地，慢慢地after all最终还是，毕竟，终归还是do your bit各尽所责，作好自己份内的事all in all总的来看，考虑到各方面turn a blind eye （to sth ）装作没看见，睁一只眼闭一只眼in all总共，合计on board在船（飞机或火车）上allow for sb/sth把…计算在内，考虑至V，估计到be bound up with与（某事）紧密相连make allowance（s） for sth （做决策、决定等时）考虑behind the scenes私下，暗地里/至估计到break in打断，插嘴make allowances (for sb)体谅，谅解break out突然出现，爆发along with sth/sb 和…一起break through （sth）突破，冲破，扫除（途中的障碍）one after another 一个接一个break up弄破；（学校）放假；（会议等）结束，散会hold your breath 屏着呼吸catch up (with sb/sth )追上，赶上be out of breath呼吸困难的，上气不接下气center on把…集中在，以…为中心take sb ' s breath awfy (某人)惊叹不已be characterized by 以...为特征in brief简言之by chance偶然，碰巧bring about导致，弓丨起take a chance 冒险，碰运气bring forward提岀，提议（某项法案、方案、计划等）be in charge (of sth)管理，掌管build up增加，增强，增多；增进take charge of sth 管理，掌管in bulk大量，大批check in在旅馆、机场等）登记，报到burn down 烧毁check out调查，核查，核实；结帐离开（旅馆等）burn out/burns itself out 熄灭；筋疲力尽check up on sb/sth监督；核实，核对burst into突然开始…起来keep/hold sb/sth in check 控制，抑制burst out laughing/crying/singing 突然开始cheer on 为…鼓气，向…喝彩get down to busines开始着手处理，开始做事chew over仔细考虑，深思熟虑；详细讨论but for假如没有，要不是choke up （因感情激动而）说不出话来，哽咽cannot but不得不（做某事），禁不住（要做某事）under /in no circumstances无论在任何情况下都不会，决不by and large大体上来看，总的来说能in/under the circumstances既然是这样，在这种特殊情况下C clean up把（某处）收拾干净整洁；清理，整顿cater to迎合clear up （天气）转晴be charged with 承担…；负责…round the clock 日夜不停地a piece of cake容易的事，小菜一碟coincide with与…相符call for sth应有，需要come across （偶然）遇见，找到，发现（某人或某物）call off取消，停止进行come out出版，出现，结局是call on/upon to do sth 号召，呼吁，要求come up with提出（想法）call on/upon sb.短暂拜访，看望come to等于,结果是；总计，达到；be capable of (doing sth )有…的能力comment on评论，发表意见；care for照顾，照看;喜欢，爱in common共有，公有take care 当心，小心by/in comparison (with sb/sth )(与…)相比较take care of照顾，照料，照看comply with遵守，服从carry on继续进行be composed o侑…•组成，由…构成carry out实施，落实；履行，执行as/so far as sth/sb be concerned就…而言carry through 实现，完成conform to 符合；遵照carry sb through （sth ）帮助（某人）度过难关consist of组成a case in point有关的事例，例证be consistent with 与 .. 一致in any case无论如何，不管怎样contribute to 有助于；导致in case以防，万一in concert with与…合作，与…同心协力in case of sth如果发生，假如on (the) condition that/on one condition 只要in no case conj.无论如何不，决不out of condition健康不佳，身体不适cast/shed light on 阐明某事on/under no condition 任何情况下都不，决不confide in sb向（认为可信赖的人）透露秘密go into detail（s）详细叙述，逐一说明in confidence私下地，秘密地i n detail具体地，详细地be confined to限制在，局限于die away （声音、风、光等）逐渐变弱in consequence （of sth ）因此，结果；由于，作为…结果die down （某事物的程度）逐渐地减弱take sth into consideration记得把（某事）考虑进去die out逐渐消失，灭绝on the contrary与此相反，恰恰相反go/be on a diet 节食in/by contrast相比之下，对比之下in dispute在争论中，正处于争论中in contrast to/with与…形成鲜明对比，与…明显不同out of doors户夕卜，在户夕卜be in control （of sth）控制，操纵（某机构、地区或局势）beyond （a） doubt无疑地，确实地be/get/run/ out of control 无法控制，失去控制doze off打瞌睡，打盹儿be under control被控制住，处于控制之下drop out （of sth ）不再参与（某项活动），退出cook up编造，捏造due to因为，由于cool down/off变冷，冷却下来；使…变冷，使…冷却下来in due course到时候，在适当的时候turn the corner 开始好转dwell on/upon sth老是想着，谈到（不愉快的事）at all cost（s）不惜任何代价bring/carry/put sth into effect 使…生效，实施，实行at any cost在任何情况下，无论如何come/go into effect实施，开始生效count in把（某人）算入in effect实际上，事实上count on/upon st依靠（某人），指望（某人）take effect .生效，起作用in the course o s th在… 过程中to the effect that大概意思是by courtesy ofs b由于，由…弓1起；蒙…批准or else否则，要不然be given credit for 为•…受至U称赞end in sth以…为结果，以…为告终correlate with找出一一对应的关系end up结束，告终count on 指望；in the end 最后，结果cut down 肖U减；cut off打断，中断； Ecut out 删掉; enter for报名参加；enter into开始谈话，讨论D even if甚至，即使dedicate…to把…献给…；把…用于…even though （虽然，尽管）表让步；be deprived of 被剥夺ever since自从一之后，从此以后out of date过时的be exposed to sth.暴露于；接触到dawn （up） on sb被（某人）理解，意识到in essence本质上，实质上day and night夜以继日be of the essence非常重要的，至关重要的turn a deaf ear 不愿听even if/though即便是，纵然；尽管，虽然deal with处理，对付in the event of sth如果…发生，倘若，要是（某事发生）be in debt欠债，负债（be）in evidence显眼，显而易见，很明显take (a) delight in 以…为乐exercise control over 控制be in demand被很多人们需要，需求大in excess of sth 超过（一定数量）in depth全面，深入，详细exert yourself to do 努力，尽力make an exhibition of yourself .出洋相，当众出丑give in认输，投降at the expense o以… 为代价give up停止，放弃，不再做to a certain/some/an extent至U… 程度，在… 程度上give off放出，释放keep an eye on sb/sth照看，留神，留意，密切关注give out分发，放出is equivalent to等同于，相当于give something away 泄露at a glance 一眼，一看就F be glued to sth盯住不放，沾上fail to未能做go after sb 追逐，追求be fond of 喜爱go through经历；经受；仔细检查in the fashion of 以…方式go astray丢失，被盗face up to sth勇敢地接受(或对付)take…for granted认为…理所当然as a matter of fact /in fact 事实上grow up长大，成熟fall behind (sb/sth )落后，落在…的后面fall in love with sb 爱上某人Hfar from (doing) sth远非，不象期待的样hand sth in 提交、呈上be at fault做了错事，出错in hand在手头，可供使用be in favor (of sb/sth )支持，赞成，同意in sb' hands受…照顾，被…控制for fear of/that 生怕，以免lend sb a hand帮助…，协助…quite a few/a good few/not a few 相当多，不少on hand /to hand在近处，随时准备伸出援助之手figure out想出，理解，明白on the one hand. .. on the other hand used 一方面…另一方面focus on集中于，集中研究out of hand推卸责任环管,失控；马上，立刻as follows 女口下keep your head = keep a cool head 保持冷静的头脑make a fool of sb 愚弄，使…出丑lose your head慌乱，失去理智，丧失信心first and foremost首要地，最重要地from (the bottom of) your heart 真诚地，从心底and so forth =and so on 等等can't/couldn't help情不自禁，忍不住set free 释放help (sb ) out帮助(某人)摆脱困境for free 免费here and there 到处，任何地方be free from 免于make history名垂千史，载入史册from all appearances从所能见到和所能知道的情况判断hit on/upon sth忽然间想起，无意中发现from now on 从现在开始catch/get/take hold of 握住，抓住from the bottom up 从头开始be/feel at home感到舒适，无拘束in full全部地，完全地at home 在本国，在国内make fun of 拿… 开玩笑，愚弄be at home with sth.熟悉，精通bring sth home (to sb)使(某人)更清楚(某事)G be on the horizon 即将发生的get along (with sb)相处融洽，与…相处融洽 a host of=a body of 大量get around/round doing / to sth.扌由出时间来做(某事)hand on传下来，依次传递get away with侥幸逃脱，逃脱处罚hand out分发，散发get down to sth开始认真处理，着手做hand over交出，移交have a bearing on 与... 有关系in line （with sth）与（某事）成一条直线，成一排hold back踌躇，退缩，阻止line up排成一行；排队hold down 控制be out of line with sb/sth立场上与…不一致；不成一直线hold on to紧紧抓住，坚持live off sth以…为生；依靠…生活hold on继续，握住不放，坚持live on sth以（一种或几种事物）为主要食物live up to达到；符合；不辜负I log in.登录；注册；进入（计算机系统）identify with与…一体，认同log out退出；注销（计算机系统）be involved with 与 .. 有关连look back sth回首往事；回忆；回顾in the interest(s) of sth 为了…(的利益)look down on sb瞧不起、轻视、蔑视（某人）on intervals ad.每隔一段时间（或距离），不时look forward to (doing sth) 热切地盼望，期待look into sth为了解决（某事）而对其做的调查K be at a loss不知所措；困惑keep sb from sth 抑制，阻止keep a close watch on 密切关注Mkeep up with sb与（某人）并驾齐驱；跟上in the matter of 关于；就…而言keep up with sth熟悉，了解（时事、形势等）make reflections on 对•… 进行思考kill off彻底停止，完全根除make-believe虚构（或假想）的事物to your knowledge 据…所知make for sth 促成；有助于；make it尤指在困难情况下）准时到达，实现成功L make sth out 弄懂for lack of因为缺乏make sth up 编造故事或谎言at large总地，一般地make up for 补偿；弥补be at large （危险的人和动物）未被抓住，在逃many a许多；大量lay aside sth把（某物）放在一边，留存备用by all means当然可以；当然行lay sth down规定，制定或宣布（条例和规则）；储存（某by means of sth借助…手段；依靠…方法物）以备后用by no means 绝不；一点不lay off停止使用（某人），解雇（某人）measure up量测；度量lay sth out （给房子、城镇、花园）做布置，安排，设计meet with sb和（某人）碰面at least至少，起码in memory of sb对（某人）的纪念not in the least丝毫不，一点不not to mention更不用说；且不说let alone更不用说at the mercy of任由处置leave sb. alone不打扰（某人），让…独自呆bear/keep in mind想起/记起（某人或某物）at leisure闲散，悠闲in your mind ' s ey想象at length最后;详细地；长时间地make up your mind 做决定no less than（强调大数量）不少于；多达at the moment 此刻；目前let sb/sth down不支持（某人或某事）；使…失望for the moment 目前；暂时；此亥Uin （the） light of鉴于（某事）；考虑到（某事）the moment…一…就…be linked to/with something 与... 连接at most 至多make the most of最大限度利用（某物）；充分利用be proud of =take pride in 为…而骄傲。

考研英语大纲中规定考研英语新题型主要考查“考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解”。

新题型是对考生语言能力和阅读理解能力的综合测试，因此考生有必要掌握这类题型的解题思路，以提高自己在这个部分的应试能力。

今天文都老师以2011年考研英语新题型真题为例，为大家讲解考研英语新题型的解题思路。

第一步，浏览各个选项的首末句，在浏览过程中勾画出关键词，这一步所需时间很短，不需要对词义进行理解。

关键词包括逻辑关系类词、指代关系类词、数字人名地名，其中逻辑关系在讲完形的时候已经跟大家提过；指代关系包括1. 第三人称代词：it，its，he，his，him，she，her，they，their（需要注意的是，不作为词汇线索：当这些代词指代本句话中的内容时；当it本身可以指代天气、时间并且可以做形式主语时。

）2. 指示代词：this，that，these，those 3. both、all、each、either、neither等词汇。

4. 比较类词汇：如same，identical，as，equal，such，similar，different，other，otherwise，else等。

这样我们在原文中划出的关键词为B段首句中的His，末句中的Mr. Menand; C段首句中的Equally；D段首句中的such; E段首句中的this；F段首末句均出现Mr. Menand；G段末句中的Louis Menand。

第二步要从已知选项入手，结合词类进行排查。

2011年真题中给出的已知选项是段首的G和段中的E。

G出现在段首，所以寻找线索的话应该看其末句，关键词是一个人名，而且结合整句话可以看到他是首次被提到，所以按逻辑推理的话接下来应该是对这个人进行介绍或者是他的某些观点将被提及。

所以浏览每段句首，只有[B] His concern和[F]concludes Mr Menand相关，而F中的conclude涉及到的是这个人的总结，应该是出现在文章后部分，所以排除F选项。

2015考研英语翻译高频词汇总结归纳英语词汇分类记忆一是可以把同一属性的词汇形成一个小集合，将其系统化，尤其是对写作有益处;二是能避免按词汇表记忆时记混拼写类似词汇的情况。

小编总结了几大类词汇分享给各2015考研生，希望为大家提供帮助。

翻译高频词汇1. assumevt.假定，设想，采取，呈现2. have some connection with与…有关3. take root in生根，扎根4. diverse adj.不同的，变化多的5. vanish vi.消失，突然不见，[数]成为零n.[语]弱化音6. assimilate v.吸收7. native n.本地人，土产，土人adj.本国的，出生地的，本地的，与生俱来的，天赋的，土产的，土著的8. grateful adj.感激的，感谢的9. strikingly adv.醒目地，引人侧目地10. fabricate vt.制作，构成，捏造，伪造，虚构11. habitual adj.习惯的，惯常的12. formulate vt.用公式表示，明确地表达，作简洁陈述v.阐明13. imprison vt.监禁，关押v.监禁14. consequence n.结果，[逻]推理，推论，因果关系，重要的地位15. hypothesis n.假设16. inappropriate adj.不适当的，不相称的17. emphasize vt.强调，着重v.强调18. diversityn.差异，多样性19. explicitly adj.外在的，清楚的，直率的，(租金等)直接付款的20. linguistic determinism语言决定理论各位童鞋在进行考研英语复习时也可以根据实际情况总结出适合自己的记忆方法，时间有限所以做到有效率地复习。

最后祝各位2015考研童鞋每天都有进步，最终实现考研梦!。

2015年考研英语核心词汇总结（三）trash n.垃圾；拙劣的作品；渣滓，败类vt.捣毁toxic a.有毒的，因中毒引起的amaze 使惊愕，使惊异I am amazed that he should get the post. breach n.违反，不履行；破裂vt.冲破，攻破briefcase n.手提箱，公事皮包ambiguous 含糊不清的，模棱两可的an ambiguous answerozone n. 臭氧；清新的空气pact n.合同，条约，公约trace 痕迹，踪迹The wound healed，leaving almost no ～of a scar track足迹，踪迹～s in the snowtragedy 悲剧Hamlet is one of shakespeare‘s best known tragedies paperback n.平装本，简装本script n.剧本（原稿）；手稿，原稿；笔迹，手迹scrutiny n.周密的调查；仔细看；监视；选票复查sculpture n.雕刻（术），雕塑（术）；雕刻作品tame 驯化的，驯服的，温顺的～animailstan棕黄色，黄褐色buy some shoes in tantax 税（款）Half of his wages go in taxabrupt 突然的，意外的an abrupt departureacute 尖锐的，敏锐的an acute thinkerversatile 多才多艺的a ～manversus 诉讼，竞赛等中以……为对手The match tonight is China ～Japanblunt 钝的The sun was blazing down and the heat was oppressive.blush （因害羞、激动、窘困）脸红blush with（或for）joyabide 遵循（…by）；容忍The one thing she cannot abide is lying.delight 高兴，快乐：To the teacher‘s great delight ，all his students passed the examination.deliver 投递，传送，运输：deliver the maildemonstrate 论证，证明：demonstrate a philosophical principleaaccelerate 加速，增速accelerate one‘s stepsthread 线，线状物cotton ～thrill 使非常兴奋，使非常激动It‘s a sight that never fails to ～methrive 兴旺发达，繁荣His business is thrivingabuse 滥用abuse one's authority（office）temper 心情，脾气be in a good～tempt 引诱，诱惑Nothing could ～me to do such a thingstrain 拉紧，绷紧If you ～the elastic any more，it will breakstrap 带，皮带silks ～sstream 小河，溪流on the banks of a ～stress压力，紧张Not all of us can cope with the ～es of modern lifestretch 伸直，伸长He yawned and ～ed himselfstride阔步前进，大踏步走He strode to the platformstrike 打击，撞A stone struck me on the headstring 细绳，线，带She took the parcel and started to undo the stringstrip 剥去，除去The wind stripped the tree of all its leavesaccess 接近（或进入）的机会have regular and immediate access to the Presidenttip 末端，尖端the tips of the fingerstoast 烤面包，吐司two slices of ～倚窗远眺，目光目光尽处必有一座山，那影影绰绰的黛绿色的影，是春天的颜色。

2015年英语二text3Text 3In the year 2015, the English II examination introduced a gripping and thought-provoking text that challenged students' comprehension and analytical skills. This text, filled with intricate details and vivid descriptions, fascinated readers and explored the complex themes of societal expectations, personal identity, and the power of self-expression. In this article, we will delve into the deep nuances of this text, unraveling its layers to gain a deeper understanding of its significance.The text begins by introducing us to a protagonist who finds himself struggling to conform to societal norms and expectations. As we delve deeper into his internal conflicts, we witness a continuous battle between his desire to fit in and his longing for individuality. The author skillfully portrays the internal struggles faced by young individuals in a world that often demands conformity.Furthermore, the text also delves into the theme of personal identity. In a society that places great importance on appearance and conformity, the protagonist finds himself torn between the person he truly is and the person he is expected to be. This dilemma resonates with readers who have, at some point in their lives, grappled with similar conflicts.Throughout the text, the power of self-expression is highlighted as a means to overcome societal pressures and discover one's true identity. The protagonist, despite facing numerous obstacles, finds solace in the act of artistic creation. This serves as a powerful reminder to readers that self-expression can be a liberating force, enabling individuals to break free from the chains of societal expectations and find their own unique voice.In addition to the compelling themes explored in the text, the language and structure of the writing deserve admiration. The author's use of vivid imagery and evocative descriptions transport the reader to the protagonist's world, making it easy to empathize with his struggles. Additionally, the well-paced narrative keeps the reader engaged, ensuring a captivating reading experience from beginning to end.As we reflect on this text, it is evident that the 2015 English II examination presented students with a thought-provoking piece of literature. Through its exploration of societal expectations, personal identity, and the power of self-expression, the text challenged readers to critically analyze the world around them and reflect on their own experiences.In conclusion, the 2015 English II text 3 captivated readers with its intricate themes and captivating storytelling. By delving into the protagonist's struggles with societal expectations, personal identity, and the power of self-expression, the text encouraged readers to reflect on their own lives and inspired them to embrace their individuality. This text serves as a testament to the power of literature in provoking deep thought and initiating meaningful conversations.。