英语说明文范文
1
2. something you must know this library is and english language teaching and learning library. if you want
to borrow some books, you must fill out a library application form and put it in
the box on the librarians desk. because of the large number of applications we
receive each week, you must wait one week. please bring your student or work card
to pick up your library card. library application forms which are not picked up
within 2 months will be discarded and you will have to reapply.
3. english corner
without you ,it would have never been possible. thank you.
4.
this is a diagram of our schoolyard. it is four hundred meters long and three
hundred meters wide. the school gate faces the south. our teaching building stands
in the middle of our school yard. it is a building of five stories .the teachers
offices are on the third floor. there is a garden in front of the teaching building.
on the left of the garden is our library. our lab is on the right of the garden.
there is a large playground behind the teaching building. many trees are planted
around the school-yard.
5. english dictionaries
most english dictionaries will tell you a number of things about the language.
there are three important things, spelling, pronunciation and meanings. the first
is the spelling of
the words. if you are not sure about the spelling of a word, you can try to find
the correct spelling in a dictionary. the words are always given in alphabetical
order. the second thing is pronuncia- tion, most dictionaries give the pronunciation
of a word in a special kind of alphabet, which is called phonetic. the third thing a dictionary will tell you is the meanings of
words, many words have more than one meaning, and a good dictionary will explain
all of the words meanings. these are some of the important facts that you can learn
from dictionaries.
6. hans christian anderson hans christian anderson was a world-famous writer of fairy tales. he was born
in 1805. when he was eleven his father died. his family was then so poor that he
could not go to school during his childhood. he learned sewing from a tailor. at
the age of fourteen, he went to work in a theatre. later helped by some warm-hearted
artists, he went to
school. in 1828, he began to get advanced education. after graduation, he devoted
himself to literature. he wrote plays, novels, poems and so on. he worked hard at
literature. this led to his great success. he wrote more than 160 stories in all .he
was famous for his funny fairy tales, which became popular all over the world. he
died in 1875.
7. my favorite program
nowadays radios and tvs play a more and more important role in our daily life.
there are many programs shown every day. some of them are very good. my favorite
program is “the animal world”, which is broadcast by cctv every sunday night. the
program provides us with natural scenes, the life of all kinds of wild animals and
the wonderful explanation about it. we also acquire some knowledge about animals,
even some plants. so in my opinion, it is an interesting as well as an instructive
program. be sides, the pictures are very beautiful. its really a great joy to watch
it. if you dont believe it, just watch it yourself.篇二：英语说明文写法
(五)
说明文写作方法
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式用来说明事物，阐明事理的一种文体。它通过揭示概念
来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确的科学知识或正确思想。一般可分为实体事
物说明和抽象事物说明两大类，词典、教材、论文、实验报告、产品说明书、广告、解说词
及科学小品等都属于说明文。
按写作方法,英语说明文主要分为下面六种类型: 1.例证法
这是用具体例子来说明人或事物的特征、本质及其规律的方法,所用例子必须有代表性、
典型性,能体现人或事物的本质特征。这是用特殊来说明一般的方法。
2.定义法
下定义就是给说明对象一个明确概念。这是科学而严密的说明方法。它既能揭示事物的
本质特征,勾勒其大概,描绘其轮廓,同时也能确定事物的范围和界限。
3.分类法
分类法是对同属不同类或同类而不同种的人或事物,根据不同性质进行分门别类地说明
的方法。分类是人类认识客观世界的重要手段之一。分类必须遵守分类规则,使分类对象具有
统一属性,依据同一分类标准,并使分类的子项相互排斥,不互相包蕴。
4.因果关系法
事物变化的原因和结果是紧密相关的。如果某个现象的存在必然引起另一个现象的发生,
那么,这两个现象之间就具有因果关系。因果关系包括由果推因(由结果去推测原因)和由因推
果(由原因去推测结果)两种情况。因果关系符合人们的日常思维逻辑,因而在写作中得到广泛
应用,常用 because, as, since, so, now that, if...then, the reason is that...等表
示因果关系。
5.过程分析法
过程分析法就是把事物发展过程分为若干步骤,然后逐一加以分析说明。这种写法在说明
文中使用得相当广泛。过程分析与叙事和因果关系等写法有密切关
系,但彼此又有明显区别:叙事研究的对象是what happens;因果关系研究的对象是why
it happens,而过程分析研究的对象是 how it happens 还必须说明的是,在实际写作中,我们很少单独采用上述几种方法中的某一种。不少段落
(或文章)的写作都是综合使用各种不同的写作方法。同时还应明确,在写作中有意识地侧重使
用某一种方法是有好处的。此外,上述这些说明文的写作方法在议论文中也常被采用。如何使
用这些方法,写出一篇好的文章来,需在平时认真积累,勤加练习。
范文
关于能源的问题成为了近年来大家关心的热点问题。很多不可再生能源需要大家去保护，
节约。为了帮大家理清写这类作文的思路，我们来看一篇范文：
if there were no electric power, things would be quite different. machines could
not run and people would have to fall back on their hands to produce what is essential
for them to keep alive. traffic would have to stop at night because there would be
no lights in the street. a world in darkness would no longer be a pleasant one. in
a word, things would be in a mess. therefore, we should realize the importance of electricity. as electricity is
insufficient in our country, we should be frugal in using electricity. we should make
great efforts to produce more electricity. attend your classes regularly 大学生出勤率问题
1：大学校园里，迟到，早退，旷课是常见的现象2：保证学生出勤水平对大学教育的重
要性3：作为学生应该怎么做篇三：如何写好英语说明文(正文) 如何写好英语说明文
［摘要］
说明文是一种用于解释抽象概念，阐明科学道理和自然现象等的文体。它与其它文体存
在着差别，其语篇结构包括含破题句的开头，充分说明主题的正文和简洁的结尾。说明文的
写作方法很多，合理的安排应用，使文章更显得自然、鲜明、易懂。［关键词］
说明文语篇结构写作方法
how to write english exposition ［abstract］
exposition strict organization pattern writing methods 引言
说明文是一种应用最广的文体，它不仅可以说明客观事物的特点和性能,介绍某种操作程
序，而且还可以用于解释抽象概念，阐明科学道理和自然现象。我们通常所读的有关哲学，
经济学，历史，政治的书籍以及报刊文章大都属于这种文体，甚至我们大学里的作业，诸如
读书报告，学期论文考试的作文也都可以是说明文。 i、什么是英语说明文
1、定义
“exposition”意为“解释”，“说明”，作为一种最基本，最常用的写作文体，它主要用
来说明事情的缘由或过程，向读者传递信息。也就是说，写说明文的目的在于对所写事物进
行解释，回答“怎么样”，“为什么”之类的问题，从而给人以知识。
2、说明文与其它文体的差异
说明文与其它文体在内容，组织形式以及现在目的等方面存在着差别。它与记叙文不一
样，它不仅要读者知道发生了什么事及其经过，更重要的是要读者明白事情是怎样发生和为
什么会发生。与描写文相比，它却要回答在什么情况下是这样子的。另外，从内容的组织方
式来看，说明文要按逻辑关系组织内容，如由近及远，或由远及近，由次要到主要，由一般
到个别等等。说明文和议论文虽都可以用于阐述某种意见，想法或理论，但说明文的目的在
于解释，使之明白，而议论文则是为让读者接受或采纳自己的观点，主张。
3、说明文的特点
不论哪种文体，它们都有自己的特点，那么说明文有什么特点呢?
3.1思想性 (significant)
说明文所提供的信息，必须是有意义，有价值的，并在提供信息的同时，需要深入的分
析和见解。
3.2科学性 (objective)
说明文是直接传播知识的一种文体，它的内容必须具有很强的科学性。反映的应是容观
事物的本质特征，真实面貌，语言应准确无误。
3.3条理性 (logical)
说明文对客观事物的介绍必须符合客观事物自身所固有的客观规律或条理性。
完整性是指说明文要具有完整的语篇结构。即要有含破题句的开头。充分说明主题的正
文和简洁的结尾。
3.5通俗性 (clear and economical)
因为说明文的最终目的是给人以知识，所以它的语言力求简明，准确，通俗易懂，使人
一目了然。
3.6趣味性(insteresting)
写作时采用的例子要新鲜，富于时代气息。这样写出的文章不仅可以增强文章的信息性，
而且可以引起读者的兴趣。
ⅱ、如何写好英语说明文
1、写作前的准备
写文章之前，没有充分的准备工作是不行的。首先得确立话题，并去收集大量相关的事
实材料。接下来就该选择合适的论题。它不仅指确立文章的题目，同时也限定材料范围。论
题太泛或太窄都不能算是合适的论题。确立论题后，就该对素材进行去粗取精的过程，保留
与论题密切相关的内容。最后，以逻辑顺序安排材料，并写出提纲。
2 、说明文的写作过程
提纲完成之后，便需要真正开始动笔了。一篇完整的说明文它包括含有破题句的开头，
充分说明主题的正文和简洁的结尾。
2.1 开头段（the beginning)
开头段是文章的起始段，决定着文章的发展方向，其根本任务是点明主题，最简单的方
法莫过于开门见山，直入话题，但这样做毕竟会使读者感到突然，因为读者对文章要说些什
么缺少心理准备。鉴于此，在破题句出现之前，常有几句导语，它点明并限定主题的发展方
向，提供与主题有关的必要信息。常用的有: 2.1.1利用引语
hegel, the german philosopher,says, “we learn from history that men never learn
anything from history.”this way remark has been confirmed time and again by history
events,one of which is histle’s invasion of the soviet union.
2.1.2提出问题
what made hitler decide to leave britain alone for the time being and turn east
to attack the soviet union? what made him so sure of a quick victory in that vast
county where nepoleon had lost almost all his troops?
2.1.3 类比
a traditional story describes a foolish manlifting a rock too heavy for him and
having his own feet squashed. hitle was like that foolish man,but he was different
in that, before he destroyed himself. he destroyed millions of other people.
2.1.4 定义
fascism can be defined as the use of brutal force in enslaving the people at home and the people of foreign countries. fascism is oppresstion and
aggresstion.
导入的方法很多，但具体采用哪种方式取决于作者从哪个角度来规定主题。开头段由两
部分构成。除了导语还有破题句，顾名思义，破题句就是一语道破主题。它具体规定全文的
中心思想，表明的是全文的总话题，最好是一句明确而凝练的陈述句。常出现在开头段的结
尾。用词应确切，具体。不能出现模棱两可的，意思过于笼统的句子。一方面要明确文章谈
论的对象，另一方面要预示文章的发展方向。破题句不可使用疑问句。
2.2正文 (the middle)
正文就是要更加充分，清晰的说明主题。要自然，富有逻辑的承接开头。文章的中间部
分按一定的顺序被分成几个段落。常根据所表达主题的重要性安排段落，将其推向高潮。在
写作过程中，有几种常用的方法。如: 2.2.1举例说明(example)
举例说明是运用实例说明观点，是一种最常用的说明手段。鲜明而具体的例子不仅能使
文章显得生动，有趣，而且更重要得是能够使被例证的观点更加明确。从一般到具体是认识
的一般规律。反映在写作上，就是采用一般一特殊式的语篇组织模式。看下面这段话是如何
运用实例来说明的。
a part-time jo
b supplements a student’s education. it can provide valuable
practical education such as training for do-it-yourself project,knowledge useful to
future housewife. teachers.further, it can provide valuable psychological training
such as association with people from different backgrounds, taking orders from
superiors.
作者从主题句(第一句)所概括的一般概念入手，然后用了三个排比句 (it can
provide…,it can also provide…,further,it can provide…)罗列出具体的例子，清楚地
说明了主题所要表达的具体意义。
2.2.2过程分析(process analysis)
过程分析就是解释这一系列的操作步骤或演变程序是如何由始到终一步步被完成的。它
分为两种:指导性过程分析和知识性过程分析。前者的目的是向读者提供具体的操作方法和步
骤。这样的文章大到如何组织奥运会，小到洗发瓶上的使用说明。后者主要用于说明事情是
如何发生或被完成的。可以是对某种自然现象形成过程的分
析(例如，地球是如何形成的)。也可以是对人类思维活动的分析，对社会现象的分析或
说明(例如，美国议员是如何选举产生的)，它的主要写作目的不是指导读者怎样做，而是为
了让读者通晓有关知识。实际上，我们平时积累的知识大多是靠阅读这类文章而获得的。
另外，与指导性过程分析相比，知识性过程分析不必十分细，因为读者并不要按照说明
进行实际操作，所以说明就是不必面面俱到。
2．2.3分类法(division and classification) 运用分类说明法就是按照一定的标准把具有共同特性的有关事物分成属类，然后在就各
个类目自身的特征分别加以阐述。例如，按写作的基本形式和目的把写作文体分为记叙，描
写，说明和议论四种。一个国家的节日按性质分为patriotic，political和religions三类。
恰当运用分类法可以使说明文更加有条理，从而更有助于把事物的特征说得更具体明白。
2．2．4因果分析(cause and effect) 因果分析旨在解释事物间的因果关系，即看到一种现象推测其成因，根据某一现象的特
点，推测它的发展或在某种条件下的成因。例如: as the price of everthing from thoothpaste to tuition increase, workers demand
higher wages to keep up with rising costs. this can produce further increase in prices
or a descrease demand for manufactuerd goods, or both. since production.tries to keep
pace with demand,descreased demand is followed by descreased production.this,in ture,
can lead to layoffs and unemployment, which further descrease the goods.
这篇文章通过因果关系的相互转化，一环紧套一环，反映了经济即危机愈演愈烈的过程。
文章写得连贯紧凑，把因变果，果变因得关系清楚地表达了出来。
a. despite their different ways of showing approval or disapproval for my篇
四：英语说明文的写作方法
英语说明文的写作方法
1.罗列法（listing）
在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点，然后常用first，second，…and finally
加以罗列说明。罗列法广泛地使用于各类指导性的说明文之中。
罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落，我们可以注意模仿学习
there are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language. first of all，…secondly，…and finally，…
we should try our best to plant more trees for several good reasons first of all，…secondly，…and finally，必须指出的是，有时罗列法并不一定有明确的first，
second…等词，但文章还是以罗列论据展开的。
2.举例法（examples）
举例法是用具体的例子来说明我们要表达的意思，常用for example， for instance，
still another example is…等词语引出
举例法和罗列法有时可以结合使用：即用罗列法来列出例子，用例子充实罗列的说明。
在比较相同点的时候，常用到similarly，also，too，in the same case，in spite of
the difference等这样的词语。 however，on the other hand，in contrast，but，nevertheless
等表示转折的词语常用来引导对不同点的比较。
4.定义法（definition）
定义法也是英语说明文中常用的写作手法，特别是在对具体事物概念进行说明时经常使
用。定义法的基本要素是定义句。英语中常见定义句的模式是
被定义对象is所属类别+限制性定语比如
a bat is a small mouse-like animal that flies at night and feeds on（以…为食
品）fruit and insects but is not a bird.
5.顺序法（sequence of time，space and process）
顺序法是指按时间、空间或过程的顺序进行说明的一种写作手法。比如按照时间顺序介
绍一个科学家的生平，用空间顺序阐述逐渐开发西部的重要意义，用过程顺序法解释葡萄酒
的生产过程等等。
6.分类法（classification）分类法是将写作对象进行分类说明的一种写作手法
some books are to be tasted， others to be swallowed， and some few to be chewed
and digested， that is， some books are to be read only in parts， others to be read，
but not curiously，and some f ew to be read wholly， and with diligence and attention.
some books also may be read by deputy，
and extracts made of them by others； but that would be only in the less important
arguments，
and the meaner sort of books…篇五：十篇英语说明文范文
1. problems in the new century (举例法说明文) write an expository essay on the problems man will be faced with in the new
century.
in the new century, human beings will be filled with hope and live more advanced
life. what used to be depicted in science fictions can be the reality of the near
future. however, man will also have to confront with some problems that will
curtail(剥夺)human beings of their existence. additionally, the explosion of population in some parts of the world is
manifesting its terrible results. human beings wil1 have outgrown the earth’s
resources, and people will run a high risk of starvation and diseases resulting from
overcrowding. in due course, man would be forced out of the earth if the present trend
were not reversed.
what is more, in the past century we had many disastrous wars. but there is still
potential that the atomic bomb will be used by some politicians in order to keep
regional hegemony. if it should happen, the exp1osion could easily lead to the
destruction of civilization.
more seriously, the depersonalization of human relationships and the weakening
of spiritual values are aggravating due to the stress caused by the busy schedules
and the extreme pursuit of money. this will further contribute to man’s isolation
and loneliness.
2. the expenses of college students are high （举例法说明文）
because going to college is so expensive today, many students have to drop out
and go to work early, while others take part-time jobs to earn some money in order to lighten
their parents’ financial burden. i am really keen on the experience in attending
the universities and i have acquired a lot of knowledge since i came to this university.
i am grateful to my parents who work hard and live thriftily to support me. because
of this, i am not only very careful in spending money, but also studying hard to live
up to my parents’ expectation. someday, i can say to them that every penny they have
spent on my study is worthwhile and will be paid off.
3. effects of china’s single-child policy （因果法说明文）
huge population is one of the main problems in china. since the 1970’s the chinese
government adopted a policy of family planning---- single-child policy---- as a basic
state policy to solve this problem. until now, this birth control policy is still
implanted in our country and both positive and negative effects have been harvested. while admitting that single-child policy does bring some negative effects on the
single child, we must take it for granted that it has benefited and will continue
to benefit the country. therefore, we should carry it one and at the same time adopt
some measures to avoid the adverse consequences the policy may produce.
4. proposals to alleviate poverty in remote areas in china （列举法说明文）
sooner the better. for this aim, the government has already sent technicians and
experts to poverty-stricken areas to help boost local agricultural production and
teach the locals new techniques. the ministry of labour has also trained many rural
labourers through different programs. but all these are not enough. several other
ways out have been proposed as follows. first of all, the government should encourage a small part of the people in the
remote areas to get wealthy ahead of others by equipping them with relevant funds
and agricultural technology. these “better-offs” can not only set a good example
but also give confidence to the poorer in their efforts to get rid of poverty. when
all the people get rich, the general level of living standard can be greatly improved.
and with their living standard improved, they can attach greater importance to
environmental protection and are willing to input considerable amount of money to
educate their children. only in this way is a sustainable development guaranteed. the last but not the least, the government should raise the rate of tax levied
on those very rich. this can shorten the gap between the poor and the rich as well
as benefit the country’s revenues whose better part is in turn allocated to the poor
remote areas.
5. living together is not wise （议论文）
there is a tendency among college students that a young boy and a young girl rent
a house off campus and live together before being formally married. according to an
official census, during the years between 2000 and 2003, the number of college
students living together in beijing alone has almost increased five times. while
parents and teachers show deep concern and worries about it, a questionnaire suggests
that a considerable number of students themselves don’t strongly object to it. despite
their attitude, i, as a college student myself, don’t think it healthy for college
students to live together because it not only has caused some safety problems but
also contributed to the moral corruption of our society. it is true that living together can help one to relieve loneliness and pressure
experienced by college students, especially for the students whose families are far
away from colleges. but is it wise to use the way of 1iving together to achieve the
aim when other effective ways remain open to us? living together, an informal way
of married life, is one of few things vital to one’s lifetime happiness. we can’t afford to try again and again like other things. one may argue that these student couples mean to be serious and plan to get married
after graduation. by testing their relationship, they can avoid problems after
marriage. i don’t think this argument holds water. just opposite. living together
can actual1y spoil a good relation between two people who intend to marry eventually,
for it, most often than not, can develop into weakness rather than strength, doubt
rather than trust. a follow-up study shows that few premarital couples living together
end in marriage.
it must be pointed out that college boys and girls live together not so much
because of their desire to relieve loneliness as of the influence of movies with a
lots of sex in them. in this respect, to have a sound judgment and a correct moral
attitude is very important. 6．can men wear makeup? (议论文) 要点提示：
1）引入段：从广告导入主题：男人开始化装。
2）男人开始化装的原因：留下好印象；老人不愿显老；化妆品行业有利可图。
3）负面影响：反传统；女人味儿。
4）结论：男人化装将成趋势。
two handsome young korean men walk past each other in the sunlight. their
shoulders lightly brush, and they turn their heads for a closer inspection. “wow,
hes got great skin,” murmurs one, while the other casually informs him, “its just
that ive changed skin lotion.” the scene is from a television advertisement hawking
what is called a “color lotion for men.” actually, its a liquid foundation designed,
as the ad says, to cover the imperfections. now adequate evidence indicates that more
and more men wear make-up, especially in parts of asia, with south korea in the leading
place. its popularity, it seems to us, is inevitably natural seen from several
aspects.
so the barrier for men wearing cosmetics seems to originate from our tradition.
but this iceberg is beginning to thaw. now the hair dye is widely accepted, and more
and more young people are the pioneers of using make-up, dressing in skirts, wearing
long hair. we have every reason to believe that once the psychological barrier is
broken through, men’s cosmetics may be well on the way to being popular. (470 words) 7．migrant workers－ constructors of our cities（议论文）
要点提示：民工对社会的影响，正面的 (建设城市；改善自身生活)和负面的影响（不利
城市就业；给城市带来社会压力等）。
英语作文说明文 说明文类 写作指导 说明文的出题形式为文字提示或图表，文体有报道、投稿、书信等。写作步骤如下： 第一步：审题，确定主题句、主体时态(一般以现在时态为主)和中心人称； 第二步：在主题句后按提示顺序将各要点以完整的句子表达出来； 第三步：用过渡词将上下文的逻辑关系体现出来。 常用词有： ①表示时间：now, then, afterwards, soon, five minutes later,before long, shortly after that, soon after supper, to this day, just now, just then ②表示顺序、动作过程：first, firstly, first of all, second, secondly, at first, at last, next ③表示转折：but, yet, and yet, however, although, otherwise, in spite of ④表示结果：thus, therefore, so, as a result, seeing that, luckily, unfortunately ⑤表示强调：above all, indeed, surely, certainly, of course, after all, without any delay, at least, at most ⑥表示并列：and, also, as well as, and then ⑦表示递进：besides, what's more, in addition, even, once more, what was worse ⑧表示解释和说明：that is to say, namely, for example, actually, and so on, such as, believe it or not,to tell you the truth,according this, for this reason ⑨表示比较、对比：just like, just as, in the same way, more or less, sooner or later, on the contrary, on the other hand ⑩表示总结：finally, in conclusion, in a word, in general, generally speaking, in short, as you know, in the end 需要注意的是：使用上述过渡性词必须根据上下文需要的原则，力求自然，决不可牵强附会，让人感觉别扭。 精选范文 以“早起是好习惯”为题写篇议论文。请围绕以下几点来写： ①早起与健康； ②早起与学习； ③早起与一天的活动。 (字数80～120，要求自拟标题) Getting Up Early Is a Good Habit Getting up early is a good habit. It is very important to our health, our study, our life and so on. First, getting up early helps to keep us strong. We can do morning exercises in the open air in the morning and breathe fresh air to build our bodies. Second, getting up early helps us to memorize what we have learned in class by reading aloud in the morning. Third, getting up early can help us to find enough time to prepare our work of the day. If we stick to getting up early every day, it will do us a lot of good. 练习 ①某国际性英语刊物有一个介绍各国风俗习惯的专栏，请为该专栏写一篇短文，简单介绍中国的农历新年(春节)。请包括以下要点： a．春节是中国人的重要节日；
英语说明文的写作方法 英语说明文的写作方法 说明文是介绍、说明客观事物的一种文体，它以“说明”为主要表达方式，用来说明情况。它通过介绍情况、说明事物的特征，给 人以正确思想或科学知识。说明文主要说明或解释某种事物的形态、性状、本质、特征、成因、用途、结构、工作原理等，或提供背景 知识和指导。它只是客观地介绍、解释事物，使读者获得知识和信息，并不需要发表主张、作出证明。因此写作的态度应是客观的、 冷静的，不能带有主观随意性。一般说来，知识简介、商品介绍、 游览手册、科技读物、工作总结、试验报告、教材辅导等，都属于 说明文之列。 说明文的`段落往往以一个主题句开头，提出文章想要阐述、说 明的主要内容，接下来就是对文章的主题进行展开说明。在英语说 明文的写作中，展开文章主题的常见方法有以下几种： (1)罗列法 在文章一开始就提出需要说明的东西和观点之后，常用first，second，third，…andfinally这些表示顺序的词对需说明的事物 或观点加以罗列说明和阐述。罗列法广泛应用于各类指导性的说明 文中。 (2)分类法 这是将写作对象分门别类后进行说明的方法。分类必须遵守分类规则，使分类对象具有统一属性，依据同一分类标准，使分类的子 项相互排斥，而不相互包藏。 (3)举例法
这是用具体的例子说明人或事物的特征、本质及其规律的方法。所用例子必须具有代表性、典型性，能体现人或事物的本质特征。通常在主题句后用forexample，forinstance等引出具体例子。 (4)定义法 这是英语说明文常用的一种写作手法。这种手法主要用于对具体事物的概念进行说明或对某一物体的功能下定义。它既能揭示人或事物的本质特征，同时也能确定说明的范围和界限。 (5)过程分析法 过程分析就是把事物发展过程分为若干步骤，然后逐一加以分析说明。这种写法在说明文中使用得相当广泛。 (6)比较法 有意识地把两种相反、相对的事物或某一事物的两个方面放在一起，用比较的方法加以描述或说明，指出其相同点或不同点。
Work sheet for reading expository articles说明文阅读理解学案 Reading guide In-class reading Passage 1 ①A Chinese scientist, He Jiankui of Southern University of Science and Technology, claimed in a video on Nov. 25, 2018 that he had used CRISPR-Cas9 to edit embryos for seven couples, with two twin girls resulting so far. He said his goal was to try to make the babies resistant to HIV. What's behind the creation? ②As he said, the tool He Jiankui used to create the babies is called CRISPR-Cas9—a gene-editing tool that has been discovered in recent years. This relatively easy way to edit genes makes it possible to operate on DNA to supply a needed gene or disable one that is causing problems. ③CRISPR is a guide molecule (分子) made of RNA, which targets a specific site on the DNA double helix (双螺旋). CRISPR is attached to Cas9, a bacterial enzyme(酶) that works as a pair of "molecular scissors" to cut the DNA at the exact point required. He Jiankui sought to disable a gene called CCR5 that forms a protein doorway that allows HIV, the virus that causes Aids, to enter a cell. ④He said the gene editing occurred during the following process. First, sperm was “washed” to separate it from semen, in which HIV can hide. Next, a single sperm was placed into a single egg to create an embryo. Then the gene-editing tool was added. Is this helpful? ⑤“I believe this is going to help the families and their children,” He Jiankui said. “Society will decide what to do next in terms of allowing or forbidding such science.” ⑥However, many mainstream scientists think it's too unsafe to try. “If true, this experiment is monstrous,” said Julian Savulescu, a professor of practical ethics at the University of Oxford. “Gene editing is experimental and capable of causing social and ethical problems.” 1. What is the purpose of the passage? 2. What do the underlined "that" in paragraph 3 refer to respectively? 3. What does the word “monstrous” mean in the last paragraph? 4. Which of the following statement is true? A. CRISPR-Cas9 was used in the first step of the creation. B. CRISPR made of a bacterial enzyme is used to edit certain genes. C. CCR5 is a protein that allows HIV to enter a cell. D. The chosen sperm should be processed first to avoid HIV virus. 5. What is the attitude of Professor Julian Savulescu mentioned in the last paragraph towards the claimed creation? 6. What is the author's attitude towards the claimed creation?
作文范文 请以“How should parents help their children to be independent?”为题，按照以下要点写作： 1. 目前很多父母为子女包办一切 2. 其实父母应该。。。。。。 In recent years, the vast majority of Chinese parents tend to …… And most children …… According to a survey, of all the parents interviewed, over 80% ……and more than 85% ….. However, kids cannot depend on their parents forever because …… Besides, being independent …… Therefore, parents need to realize the importance of helping their children to be independent. Parents should encourage their children to …… By doing so, parents …… In addition, parents should urge their kids to …… For example, …… 范文 In recent years, the vast majority of Chinese parents tend to make arrangements and decisions for their children. And most children take such excessive attention for granted and depend on their parents for almost everything. According to a survey, of all the parents interviewed, over 80% still accompany their children to schools, even to examinations, and more than 85% do housework for their kids including cooking meals and washing clothes.
中考英语作文英语作文模板：图表作文的框架 as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases), significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____。 From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________。 There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______。 On the one hand, ________。 On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________。In addition, ________ is responsible for _______。Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________。But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing。 As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______。 I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded。 图表作文（讲解图表，结合实际，总结观点） 海淀： 十、文段表达（共15分） 根据中文提示和图表内容，写一篇意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于60词的文段。文段的开头已给出，其词数不计入所完成的文段内。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。 75. 现在的中学生每月都有一定数量的零花钱。某校对九年级（1）班的30名学 生进行了零花钱用途的调查。结果如下：有的同学常买零食或书籍，有的同学把钱花在手机或其他方面，也有的同学把零花钱存了起来。请你任选图表中的2至3项简述调查结果，谈谈你是如何支配零花钱的，并说明理由。
2016年英语四级作文：说明文的6大写法与万能句型写作是英语四级考试中可以拉开考生之间差距的一道题目，如果考前多进行仿写练习，或许会成为你的提分项目哦。下面是文都四级小编为大家整理的说明文写作方法与万能模板，希望对大家有帮助。 什么是说明文？ 说明文是以说明为主要表达方式用来说明事物，阐明事理的一种文体。它通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确的科学知识或正确思想。 一般可分为实体事物说明和抽象事物说明两大类，词典、教材、论文、实验报告、产品说明书、广告、解说词及科学小品等都属于说明文。 说明文的写法有哪些？ 按写作方法,英语说明文主要分为六种类型： 1.例证法 这是用具体例子来说明人或事物的特征、本质及其规律的方法,所用例子必须有代表性、典型性,能体现人或事物的本质特征。这是用特殊来说明一般的方法。通常在主题句后,用For example 或For instance 等短语引导出具体的例子。例如: Our life today depends very much on energy. For example, machines have made our life easier than it used to be. The machines use energy, and energy is needed for heating, lighting, communications, carrying goods-everything.
Factories use a great deal of energy to make the things that we use and buy and sell. 这段主要是讲能源问题。第一句为主题句,概括地说出"我们目前的生活很大程度上依赖能源"。接着用举例的方法从三方面说明能源的作用。 2.定义法 下定义就是给说明对象一个明确概念。这是科学而严密的说明方法。它既能揭示事物的本质特征,勾勒其大概,描绘其轮廓,同时也能确定事物的范围和界限。下定义是多方面的,可以给人、事物、思想等下定义。例如: An ideal teacher must have the following characteristics. He should know his subject, but he can make mistakes if he is willing to learn. His personality is as important as his scholarship. An ideal teacher must be enthusiastic. He should be a bit of an actor and he shouldn't be afraid to show his feelings and express his likes and dislikes. An ideal teacher is one who grows, learns, and improves himself along with his students. 本段的展开是通过对"一个模范教师"下定义的方法,关键词"ideal teacher"在文中多次重复,能加深读者的印象。 3.分类法
高考英语说明文阅读技巧 潍坊七中郑秀春2011年7月17日 12:19 “英语说明文”，顾名思义，就是一种以“说明、解释”为主要表达方式的英语文体。它是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等等做科学解说的。它既不像故事那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论文那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据；更不像科幻作品那样富于想象和虚构夸张。说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，使人们增长知识和技能。说明文是高考英语阅读理解题中的重点内容之一。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，便于高校分层次选拔人才。然而对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度增大了。高考对说明文的考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子居多。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的 语意理解。 一、说明文阅读理解的特征一般说来，英语说明文与其它文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即who→what→when→where→how→why。 1. who：问的是这篇文章的主体是谁？（即所要说明和描述的人或事物） 2. what：问的是主体做了什么事情？（即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途） 3. when和where：是在何时何地发生的？（即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途） 4. how：通过什么方式表现出来的？ 5. why：这种特性功能用途的原因是什么？ 做说明文阅读阅读的时候，一定要记住上面的wh-word。边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文。 二．说明文阅读理解的类型掌握说明文阅读理解题的类型对考生来说非常有必要。一般来说，高考对阅读理解的命题类型主要有以下几种： 1. 细节理解题 说明文中考查的细节理解题大致与记叙文相似。命题区域都有其共同点。⑴在列举处命题。如用first(1y)、second(1y)、third(1y)finally、not only…but also、then、in addition 等表示顺承关系的词语列举出事实。试题要求考生从列举出的内容中选出符合题干要求的答案项。⑵在例证处命题。句中常用由as、such as、for example、for instance等引导的短语或句子作为例证，这些例句或比喻就成为命题者设问的焦点。⑶在转折对比处命题。一般通过however、but、yet、in fact等词语来引导。对比用unlike、until、not so much…as等词语引导，命题者常对用来对比的双方属性进行考查。⑷在比较处命题。无端的比较、相反的比较、偷换对象的比较，经常出现在干扰项中，考生要标记并且关注到原文中的比较，才能顺利地排除干扰。⑸在复杂句中命题。包括同位词、插入语、定语、从句、不定式等，命题者主要考查考生对句子之间的指代关系和语法关系。 细节类问题一般都能在原文中找到出处，只要仔细就可以在文中找到答案。但正确的选择项不可能与阅读材料的原文完全相同，而是用不同的语句成句型表达相同的意思。 2. 语义猜测题说明文为了把自然规律，事物的性质等介绍清楚或把事理阐述明白，因此学术性强的生词较多，所以常进行生词词义判断题的考查。命题方式多以the underlined part “…” in paragraph…refers to….或what does the underlined word mean?或what is the meaning of the underlined word?为设问方式。解题时考生应认真阅读原文，分析其对某些科学原理是如何定义、如何解释的，并以此为突破口抽象概括出生词词义。也可以通过上下文来猜测某个陌生词语的语意。或者找出某个词语在文章中的同义词。要注意破折号、同位语从句、定语从句、插入句等具有解释、说明作用的语言成分。说明文在阐述说明
英语说明文范文 1 2. something you must know this library is and english language teaching and learning library. if you want to borrow some books, you must fill out a library application form and put it in the box on the librarians desk. because of the large number of applications we receive each week, you must wait oneweek. please bring your student or work card to pick up your library card. library application forms which are not picked up within 2 months will be discarded and you will have to reapply. 3. english corner without you ,it would have never been possible. thank you. 4. this is a diagram of our schoolyard. it is four hundred meters long and three hundred meters wide. the school gate faces the south. our teaching building stands in the middle of our school yard. it is a building of five stories .the teachers offices are on the third floor. there is a garden in front of the teaching building. on the left of the garden is our library. our lab is on the right of the garden. there is a large playground behind the teaching building. many trees are planted around the school-yard. 5. english dictionaries most english dictionaries will tell you a number of things about the language. there are three important things, spelling, pronunciation and meanings. the first is the spelling of the words. if you are not sure about the spelling of a word, you can try to find the correct spelling in a dictionary. the words are always given in alphabetical order. the second thing is pronuncia- tion, most dictionaries give the pronunciation of a word in a special kind of alphabet, which is called phonetic. the third thing a dictionary will tell you is the meanings of words, many words have more than one meaning, and a good dictionary will explain all of the words meanings. these are some of the important facts that you can learn from dictionaries. 6. hans christian anderson hans christian anderson was a world-famous writer of fairy tales. he was born in 1805. when he was eleven his father died. his family was then so poor that he could not go to school during his childhood. he learned sewing from a tailor. at the age of fourteen, he went to work in a theatre. later helped by some warm-hearted artists, he went to school. in 1828, he began to get advanced education. after graduation, he devoted himself to literature. he wrote plays, novels, poems and so on. he worked hard at literature. this led to his great success. he wrote more than 160 stories in all .he was famous for his funny fairy tales, which became popular all over the world. he died in 1875. 7. my favorite program nowadays radios and tvs play a more and more important role in our daily life.
科教科普类 1、Australia leads the world in its number of resident poisonous spiders as well as the strength of their toxicity(毒性). However,of almost 9,800 species most are perfectly harmless and interesting. Spider diversity is broad and many fascinating species occur here that range from the large to the tiny and hardly noticed, and from the dullest black to the strangely shaped. Spiders can be roughly classified according to the strategies(策略) they use for feeding. Spiders which appeared earlier in the evolutionary scale feed by waiting in a cave for food to come along before grabbing it. Following them were spiders which actively wandered looking for food and which caught it by chasing it down. The evolution of flying insects makes spiders evolve ne w ways of catching food which couldn’t be chased and so the earliest air web weavers arose. Most spiders feed on insects and other arthropods but the Whistling Spider feeds on frogs and small birds. The Golden Orb Spider also feeds on small birds. A spider periodically sheds(蜕皮;脱落) its skin so that it can grow. Immature stages are called moults. Each species has a particular number of moults that it will go through before reaching its final adult stage. Usually, once male spiders have mated, they die shortly after. But, even in death, Redback males often serve a purpose. The already pregnant Redback females always kill their lover and, in most cases, also eat them. This provides them with a small reproductive advantage. Allowing spiders to take up places around houses can be beneficial in that they catch other annoying insects such as mosquitoes and flies. Rest assured that while you might see some large spiders, and perhaps even some poisonous ones, a good rule is to look and admire but don't touch any spider you find. Even those without poison could still have a nasty bite. 1.Different families of spiders are identified themselves by ______. A.their physical character B.their ways of getting food C.the strength of their toxicity D.their effect on the environment 2.What are the latest spiders in their evolution process?
对比观点题型 （1）要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。 1．有一些人认为... 2．另一些人认为... 3．我的看法... The topic of ①-----------------（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ② -----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more, ③-------------理由二). Moreover, ④---------------(理由三). While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥ ------------------（理由二）. Thirdly (finally),⑦------------------(理由三). From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------（我的观点）. The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice . （2）给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点 Some people believe that ①----------------（观点一）. For example, they think ②-----------------（举例说明）．And it will bring them ③ -----------------(为他们带来的好处). In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤ -----------------(反对的理由之二)． Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥ ------------------(我对文章所讨论主题的看法)． 阐述主题题型 要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述． １．阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义． ２．分析并举例使其更充实． The good old proverb ----------------（名言或谚语）reminds us that ----------------(释义). Indeed, we can learn many things form it. First of all,-----------------(理由一). For example, -------------------(举例说明). Secondly,----------------(理由二). Another case is that ---------------(举例说明). Furthermore , ------------------(理由三)． In my opinion, ----------------(我的观点). In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it. 解决方法题型
Distinguished guests, Welcome to our university. Before you start to look around, allow me to give you a brief account of the school. Founded in 1927, our university is one of this city’s earliest universities of liberal arts. It is staffed with an excellent faculty, and has a total enrollment of over 10,000 students. In the past years, it has turned out numerous well-qualified students and found its graduates active in professions of all walks of life. Since its establishment, the university has always steered itself toward the objective that its students have an overall healthy development. Not only does it provide the students with basic academic courses, but it manages to expose them to the up-to-date knowledge. Besides, students are free to participate in colorful campus activities and social practice, which are intended for broadening their mind and developing their potential talent. Currently, both our faculty and students are making every effort to improve the qualit。 大学英语四级作文范文二： COLLEGE STUDENTS SHOULD ATTEND PHYSICAL EXERCISE Physical exercise is a necessary part of college life. However, still some college students do not like to attend sports activities, they think those activities waste their time and influence their study. Indeed, it is very unwise for college students to keep distance from physical exercise because physical exercise is not harmful but good to them. College students can benefit a lot from physical exercise. First of all, attending physical sports can help students build a strong body, and keep abounding energy. Moreover, physical exercise is an effective way to relief pressure and keep a pleasant move. Besides, by attending physical activities, students can have chances to contact and communicate with others which can help them improve their social skills.