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英语说明文写作方法总结

英语说明文写作方法总结
英语说明文写作方法总结

1.Illustration(举例法)

一.使用例证法可以把一些观点描述得更具体

二.什么时候用例证法?

三.作者想要阐明或者支撑他的论点的时候。有时候用一个例子就够了,有的时候需要一系列的例子。

四.例子里用什么?

五.例子里可以包括:统计数字、谚语、名人名言、事实、调查、定义。

六.如何用例子?

例子可以更紧密的连接上下文。用过度词来引出例子。

七.组织你的例子按一定的顺序,逐渐提高重要性,最重要的一个例子放在最后。

4.Process (过程分析法)

Eg:作文让你介绍“电梯是如何运行的”之类的。

过程分析法是按照时间顺序来介绍的。

一.何时用过程分析:过程分析法是描述如何做一些事情或者一些事务是怎么运行的。

二.如何来组织过程分析:

1.简单地进行说明

2.文章大致分为五个段落

3.对于某些专业词汇,需要在文章的开头阐述一下

4.结论不要太长,解释清楚即可

(一些重要技巧:

1.在写作前要想好所有的步骤,把他们列出来,不要错过任何一个步骤;

2.将每一步解释的尽可能地清楚:例如你要介绍“保险丝”这个东西,不能称之为“short piece”,而要说成是“one inch”,因为“short piece”可以是one to three inches

3.在介绍步骤的同时顺便可以讲一下某些步骤的原因,这样可以使文章更加连贯

4.在步骤中有一些不能做的事情也要尽可能地写出来,警告读者不要做什么。例如警告读者不要把手放到保险丝里。

5.提到在步骤实行的过程中可能出现的情况,对于读者来说也非常的人性化,确定要让读者知道这些可能出现的问题。)

6.专业术语:你应该让读者能够理解你写的是什么东西,尽可能描述清楚。)

三.如何来开头介绍过程分析

对于“how to”这种的过程分析的开头,你应该给你的读者一些凭证——告诉他们为什么要听从你说的步骤,听从你说的步骤的优点、好处是什么。好的过程描述来源于满足于读者的好奇心。

四.如何来结束过程分析

要给出明确的知道这些步骤之后的优点,确定不要重复地介绍步骤,而是要提到相关或者充足的能够引起读者兴趣的语言。

5.Definition(定义法)

1.什么时候使用定义法

1) 定义读者可能不知道的词汇,类似专业词汇。

2) 对于文中提到的抽象的、含糊不清的或有争议的重要词汇应该定义。

2. 如何组织一个定义

如果是定义一个专业词汇,可以考虑使用简短的同义词,如果没找到的话,可以尝试传统的three-part definition,这三个部分是:1)要被定义的术语;2)它属于的类;3)指出它与同类中其他成员的区别。

For example:A klutz is a person who is invariably clumsy。

在需要多个句子来完成定义时,可以采用下面的办法:

1)给出描述性的细节,如列举一个人的特殊品质与性格;

2)给出例证或叙述,可以在必要的地方使用例子并且描述故事的发展过程;

3)对比(difference),指出所定义的术语同其他类似词汇的区别;

4)比较(similarity),找出一个合适的对照,读者对于找出的对照更熟悉。

3.如何修正一个定义

通过下面的方法使得定义更加优雅而清晰:

1)在定义的句子中避免使用is when和is where,这些短语并不准确,

例如:Risible is when you laugh a lot

2)小心循环定义

例如:A dietitian is a person who studies diets

3)精确地描述出特征

类似kind of small的描述,不同的读者会有不同的理解

4)确保定义当中用到的词汇和短语是读者知道的。

6.Classification and Analysis(分类和分析法)

1.什么时候使用分类和分析模式

在分类中会讨论到许多事物并将他们划分到不同的组别中,而在分析中,是讨论一个事物,并将它分解为许多组成部分。

2.如何组织一个关于分类或分析的短文

需要注意以下几点:

1) 所作的划分应将文中提及的类别和组成部分全部包含

2) 分类的标准应一致

例如:types of recorded music:

1.classical

2.easy listening

3.the rolling stones

应将the rolling stones改为rock and roll或hard rock

4)所做的分类和划分个数应适宜,并做到各部分篇幅之间的平衡,同时合理安排各部

分的先后顺序

3.如何介绍一个关于分类和分析的短文

一些使得介绍更吸引人的方法:

1)在语境中为分类或分析中定义的主题命名

2)陈述做分类或分析的目的

3)如果文章很长的话可以给出分类或分析的列表,如果文章较短的话就不要这么做了,

而且提前给出列表会减少读者对于下文的兴趣

4.如何结束一个关于分类和分析的短文

可以尝试以下几种策略:

1)使用幽默的语言给读者一些建议

2)展望未来

3)指出例外情形

指出分类和分析中不完整的地方,这可以使得文章看上去更加合理,但仍需坚持自己文中提出的观点

4)分析蕴含的关系

指出分析中各部分隐含的相似点,并揭示出它们是如何协同工作成为一个整体的5.如何组织全文

运用过渡词,如果是按时间顺序,可以使用”first, second, third”或”first of all, then, later, and the last”;如果是按照等级,可以使用”the most urgent question is”, “the most important is”或”the simplest type of student is”

两个建议:

1)如果新的段落是要做细分,需要明确指出

2)不要使用”last but not least”做过渡

6.如何做修订

下面几条可以帮助完善文章

1)限制原始的主题

Too Big Better

People typists

Cars compact foreign cars

Sexism sexism in daytime TV commercials

2)检查重复的部分

3)在做分类之前掌握充足的依据

4)分类不宜过多或过少

5)必要的时候可以做细分,但不宜过多

6)介绍(开头)和结论(结尾)的风格应保持一致

7)学习如何准确的做分类与分析

https://www.doczj.com/doc/5a17359739.html,parison and Contrast

前者是对比两个事物的共同点,相同之处(similarity);而后者是对比两个事物的不同点(difference)。

作对比的目的:

1.当你需要解释一些读者可能不知道的事物的时候,你需要借用一些与你所说的一些相似的事物来进行对比,进而达到explain的目的;

2.让你的读者知道其中一个对比的事物在某点上是比另一个更加的优秀的。(例如你选择去食堂吃饭而不是自己做饭)。3

3.展示两个相像的事物到底在哪些些重要的方面是具有不同的特点。

4.展示两个不同的事物到底在哪些重要的方面是具有相同的特点。

写作方法:

1.“块対块”(the Allabout pattern)---适用于比较的点比较少的情况

先按照一定顺序解释一个事物的所有特性,之后再按照同样的顺序解释另一种事物的特性。(例如:国产与Sony电视机进行对比,先介绍国产电视机的种类、大小、价格、功能等,再介绍Sony电视机的种类、大小、价格、功能等。)

2.相同点与不同点分这些(the Simdiff patten)

文章中,首先将两种事物的相同点一一列举出来,然后再将两个事物的不同点一一地列举出来,这种形式的作文不适合用于电视机等一些事物实实在在存在的东西对比上,而是适用于:你有两个非常好的朋友,他们共同点是品质都非常低高尚,不同处是他们生活中表现品质高尚的方式不相同,这就可以使用这种问题就行对比。

3.“点对点”(the Seesaw pattern)---适用于比较的点比较多的情况

针对事物所要对比的特点与属性进行逐条地对比(例如电视机:可以先比较国产与Sony电视机的大小的共同与不同之处,再比较二者功能的共同与不同之处等等。)

四种方式如何来进行文章第开头:

1.要解释某些不常见的事物时的对比

2.要突出某一事物更优秀时的对比

3.比较两种事物的共同点进行对比(like,alike,similar to,)

4.比较两种事物的不同点进行对比(different from,faster than)

Eg:Although both our pet cats look lovely,their differences in temperament is constant source of amusement.

如何来结尾:

结尾类似于过程分析法的结尾,但要注意的是要进口第一段你所要表达的中心意思,进而升华。

8.Cause and Effect(因果)

(一)一个原因对多个结果

文章开头简单介绍一下原因,剩下2、3、4段则介绍原因产生的结果,最后总结(二)一个结果对多个原因

文章开头简单介绍一下结果,剩下2、3、4段则介绍结果产生的原因,最后总结

剩下两个不重要:1.一个原因产生的结果是另一个结果的原因;

2.一个原因引起一个结果

注意问题:

1.不要将原因想得太过于简单,要仔细得思考产生某些结果的原因都有哪些,尽量越全越好;

2.因为一个原因有多个结果或者一个结果会有多个原因,所以在文章中要有所侧重,将重点放在主要的原因或结果上进行阐述

3.所阐述的原因和结果尽量地客观,这样才会引起读者的共鸣。

586寝室总结

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英语作文说明文

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5.结构特点 1)总体叙述+细节或过程说明+概括评述; 2)现象或变化+细节或原因阐述+引发的后果和相关启示。 6.语言特点 高考英语阅读理解中的说明文多为科普知识方面的题材,文中常包含有结构复杂、句意深奥的长句难句。因学术性强、抽象度高,解题的难度相对较大。7.说明文阅读理解的特征 英语说明文与其它文体一样,文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面,即Who →What→When→Where→How→Why。 1) Who:问的是这篇文章的主体是谁?(即所要说明和描述的人或事物) 2) What:问的是主体做了什么事情?(即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途) 3) When和Where:是在何时何地发生的?(即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途) 4) How:通过什么方式表现出来的? 5) Why:这种特性功能用途的原因是什么? 8.阅读方法 阅读说明文的关键是:抓住说明对象的本质特征。阅读时须注意: 1) 注意说明的顺序,了解文章的结构,把握文章的脉络。

大学英语作文万能模板

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高三二轮英语说明文阅读及技巧

Work sheet for reading expository articles说明文阅读理解学案 Reading guide In-class reading Passage 1 ①A Chinese scientist, He Jiankui of Southern University of Science and Technology, claimed in a video on Nov. 25, 2018 that he had used CRISPR-Cas9 to edit embryos for seven couples, with two twin girls resulting so far. He said his goal was to try to make the babies resistant to HIV. What's behind the creation? ②As he said, the tool He Jiankui used to create the babies is called CRISPR-Cas9—a gene-editing tool that has been discovered in recent years. This relatively easy way to edit genes makes it possible to operate on DNA to supply a needed gene or disable one that is causing problems. ③CRISPR is a guide molecule (分子) made of RNA, which targets a specific site on the DNA double helix (双螺旋). CRISPR is attached to Cas9, a bacterial enzyme(酶) that works as a pair of "molecular scissors" to cut the DNA at the exact point required. He Jiankui sought to disable a gene called CCR5 that forms a protein doorway that allows HIV, the virus that causes Aids, to enter a cell. ④He said the gene editing occurred during the following process. First, sperm was “washed” to separate it from semen, in which HIV can hide. Next, a single sperm was placed into a single egg to create an embryo. Then the gene-editing tool was added. Is this helpful? ⑤“I believe this is going to help the families and their children,” He Jiankui said. “Society will decide what to do next in terms of allowing or forbidding such science.” ⑥However, many mainstream scientists think it's too unsafe to try. “If true, this experiment is monstrous,” said Julian Savulescu, a professor of practical ethics at the University of Oxford. “Gene editing is experimental and capable of causing social and ethical problems.” 1. What is the purpose of the passage? 2. What do the underlined "that" in paragraph 3 refer to respectively? 3. What does the word “monstrous” mean in the last paragraph? 4. Which of the following statement is true? A. CRISPR-Cas9 was used in the first step of the creation. B. CRISPR made of a bacterial enzyme is used to edit certain genes. C. CCR5 is a protein that allows HIV to enter a cell. D. The chosen sperm should be processed first to avoid HIV virus. 5. What is the attitude of Professor Julian Savulescu mentioned in the last paragraph towards the claimed creation? 6. What is the author's attitude towards the claimed creation?

英语说明文写作课教案

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们掌握英语基本句型,尤其是五个基本句型和动词句型。然后,选出某一小组的代表向全班汇报他们小组讨论的内容,再请1—2位学生发表他们的观点。 3、将“how to use our pocket money?” 写在黑板中的上方。向学生布置接下来的任务:today we are going to discuss how to write a report on “how to use pocket money for high school student?” (二)presentation 指导学生分析写作材料,找出所有内容要点,已有材料,掌握事实。用大屏幕展示写作材料: 书面表达(满分25分)(nmet2004天津卷) 假设你班将举行一次英语班会,主题为“中学生应如何使用家长给的零花钱”。请你根据提示写一篇发言稿。 使用方式好处 存入银行养成节约的习惯 购买书籍获取知识 其他培养兴趣(音乐、体育、集邮等) 注意:1、词数:100左右; 2、考词汇:零用钱——pocket money dear friends,_______________________________________________ ________________ ______________________________________________________ _______________ ______________________________________________________

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1. 成功的四个步骤 Four Steps to a Successful Four Steps to a Successful The first time in life? Then grasp your chance with your perfect performance on the dating night, by learning the following principle in heart. Dress properly. While everyone wants to give an impressive debut on the first date, you should avoid wearing something too bizarre to be accepted. If you are still in school, a sportswear can fulfill your purpose. For businessman or grownups, casual clothes are recommended. Never put up your working uniforms,no matter how well you like that Armani suit. It is no work. A few accessories such as a pair of sunglasses or silver loops on the wrist can add up to the romance sphere. Take a bath before dating. And if you like, spray a little perfume, but unless you're sure that he or she likes the smell,don't use ones that are too strong. Watch your manner. You're no prince of the Scotland nor Cinderella in the legend. Proper manners will ensure a lasting relationship while bad ones scare away your sweetheart. And do make sure you do not boast about your fortune, for, not everyone are green addicts. And your way of smiling, or your greatestoath, should neither be "coy" nor "by St. Loy!" after the nun in Chaucer. Be a little sensitive than merely innocent. Do make sure you do not intrude his or her privacy on the first date. For there maybe something deeply concealed within the inner core of every heart, of which the owner doesn't share often with anyone but his intimacy. Finally, wish you good luck. May you get your hearts combined and start a new journey in the miracle of life and love. Stay tuned till a borderline is reached, and keep on through out the whole way. 简评 看来第一次约会真是令人兴奋并紧张期待的。为第一次约会所提出的建议也是仁者见仁、智者见智。王永同学用词简单、结构精炼,读起来节奏快,例如:“Dress Properly....If you are still in school,a sportswear can fulfill your purpose.For businessman Orgrowmups,casual clothes are recommended.”这样的文章结构像是在提醒我们时不我待,要抓住机会,抓紧时间。 2. 我的宿舍生活My Dormitory Life

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