当前位置:文档之家› 数学建模美赛论文中可以用到的短语

数学建模美赛论文中可以用到的短语

数学建模美赛论文中可以用到的短语
数学建模美赛论文中可以用到的短语

MCM论文写作常用句型(长文,建议收藏)

The expression of ... can be expanded as: ...

...的表达式可扩展为...

A is exponentially smaller than B, so it can be neglected.

A对B来说呈指数级减小,所以可以忽略不计。

Equation (1) is reduced to:

方程(1)化简为:

Substitute the values into equation (3), we get...

把这些值代入方程3,我们得到...

According to our first assumption on Page 1,

根据我们第一页的第一个假设,

Thus we arrive at the conclusion:

因此我们得到结论:

From the model of ..., we find that theoretically, it is almost true that ...

由...模型,我们从理论上证明了... 是真实可信的。

That is the theoretical basis for ... in many application areas.

这是...在很多领域应用的理论基础。

To quantitatively analyze the different requirements of the two applications, we intro duce two measures:

为了定量的分析这两种应用的不同要求,我们介绍来两个量度标准。

We give the criterion that...

我们给出了...的判别标准

According to the criterion of...

根据...的标准

So its expression can be derived from equation (3) with small change.

所以它的表达式可以由方程3做微小改动而推出。

Suppose that ...refers to...

假设...指的是...

We can get the distribution of...

我们可以得到...的分布

Along x and y axes

沿着x和y轴

For a further discussion of this model, please see Appendix A. 参见附录A (Detailed in Appendix I)

(详见附录一)

... is fitted to the normal distribution,with the mean at 0 and varia nce of σ=1.342. ...符合均值为0,方差为1.342的正态分布。

conform to符合

Fig.4 shows...

图4表明...

Thus, if ... is given,is determined.

因此,如果给定...,...就也确定了。

For a given r, we can calculate...

对于给定的r, 我们可以算出...

The two distributions are independent.

这两个分布是相互独立的。

By calculation we obtain...

通过计算,我们得到...

So it is expressed as below:

所以它可以表示为:

... is ultimately determined by ...

... 最终由...决定

We fix A and examine the change of B with respect to C.

我们固定A然后观测B随C的变化。

the logarithm values of ...

...的对数值

That explains why the value of A decreases as B increases.

这就解释了为什么A的值随B的增加而减少。

If r increases, p(r) increases accordingly.

如果r增长,p(r)也相应地增长。

due to

由于

A is the length of ... in unit of ...

A是...的长度,以...为单位。

We can see a "valley" between two curved faces which denoted the points where A =B.

我们可以看到在两个曲面之间有一个低谷,表示A=B的那些点。

A and

B always change in opposite direction.

A和B总是呈相反变化。

So when seeking the minimum of..., we should consider how to balance A and B. 所以当寻求...的最小值时,我们应该考虑如何平衡A和B。

So we set the optimal function as:

所以我们列出最优方程如下:

However, putting equal weight on A and B is not always desirable.

然而,给A和B相同的权数并不总是令人满意的。

In some situations, we must favor one over the other.

在一些情况下,我们必须偏重一方。

input the initialization

输入初值

The program solves the optimal function and output a, b, c and d.

程序求最优解,并输出a,b,c和d的值.

In consideration of

考虑到...

We apply this strategy to four typical situations and list the results here.

我们将这种方案应用于四种典型情况,并列出结果如下。

the probability of occurrence

发生的概率

Theoretically, recognization can always be successful.

理论上说,识别应该总是成功的。

the expectation value of ...

...的期望值

We let a=b

我们令a=b

numerical results

数值解

We write a program (Appendix II) in VC ++ to obtain the result.

我们用vc++写了一个程序来求解。

As shown in Tab. 4,

如表4所示,

The above results show that (+句子) ,which means (或者用that is ), (+句子) 以上结果说明...,也就是说...

So we arrive at (或者用come to)the conclusion that (+句子)

因此,我们得到结论...

Moreover, from the aspect of ...,

而且,从...方面来看,

On the contrary,

正相反,

sensitivity analysis

灵敏性分析

robustness

稳健性

alter m by 5%

将m改变5%

They are very close.

这两个值非常接近。

This is consistent with the phenomenon shown in the Fig.4. 这和图4所示是一致的。

inversely related

负相关

in terms of ...

根据...;在...方面

Equation/equality

等式

We can rewrite the first inequality as follows:

我们可以改写第一个不等式如下:

We develop a model to design....

我们建立了一个模型用来设计...

The model is based on conservation of energy.

这个模型的建立基于能量守恒

We further classify ... into three components: ...

我们进一步将...分成三部分:...

To validate our model

为了验证我们的模型

Due to the lack of accurate data for...

由于缺少...方面的准确数据

Our primary aim is to...

我们的主要目标是...

...and ... are regarded as one system.

...和...被看成是一个系统。

notation符号

遗传算法(Genetic Algorithms,GA)

并行遗传算法Paralleling Genetic Algorithm,PGA

数据结构Data Structures

自然选择natural selection

种群population

个体individual

基因库gene pool

编码coding

解码decoding

量纲dimensions

随机过程random processes

flow chart 流程图

constraint condition 约束条件

maximize customer enjoyment最大化顾客的愉悦

Having ensured this, we should minimize ... 在确保这个之后,我们要将...最小化

be far from optimal in practice在实践中远不是最优

implement 贯彻实行

The underlying idea is fairly simple.下面的想法很简单。

the appeal of these systems to amusement parks is two-fold: 这些系统对游乐园的吸引力有两个方面:

address these issues 致力于这些问题

Hence … has come into question. 因此,...开始成为问题。

Apart from consideration of ..., from the ...'s point of view...

除去考虑...,从...的角度考虑,...

integrate 积分

Markov chain model 马尔科夫链模型

We validated our model using tests for rigor in both robustness and sensitivity.

通过对稳健性和灵敏性的测试,我们验证了我们模型。

We find that in robustness test cases that our model makes predictions that correla te well with empirical evidence.

在稳健性测试中我们发现,我们的模型预测值能够很好的与经验值相适应。

improve efficiency by 36% on average 效率平均提高了36%

contend with 对付disposal处置n.

higher productivity and greater customer satisfaction 更高的生产率和更高的顾客满意度

specify the boarding and deplaning sequence 详细列单说明登机下机次序

call for 要求

degrade customers' perception of quality降低顾客对质量的认可度

significant stochastic variability 显著的随机可变性

be proportional to 和什么成比例

theorem定理,法则

corollary 推论

proposition命题

it is necessary to notice that 注意...是十分必要的

stochastic approach 随机方法

numerical solution 数值解

differential equations 微分方程

partial differential equations 偏微分方程

numerically integrate them 将其数值积分

generate random number sets生成随机数序列

formulate 用公式表示/display显示/ show显示/ describe描述/phrase 用短语表达

plot out data 将数据以图输出

customize them to your particular problem 使其服务于你的特殊的问题

periodically 周期性地, 定时性地

the primary objective 主要目标

as a secondary objective 作为第二目标

be rated by 由什么定价

This can be interpreted as 这个已被理解为....

Note that 注意

the diagonal length of the face 表面的对角线的长度

be approximately equal to 约等于

sth. of dimension a*b*c /sth. in dimensions a*b*c ...的尺寸是a*b*c 4 meters high, 4 meters wide, 4 meters long

in the z-direction 在z轴方向

Eq.1方程1

187 Joules 187焦耳

correspond to 相应

price per box 每个箱子的价格

where a is ...其中(往往用在公式后用于说明符号的含义)a是...

thus 因此(常用于公式后的进一步推导)

safely withstand 在安全的情况下经受住

r is given by +公式r由...公式给出

let r be ...令r等于....

as a function of time 作为时间的函数

Therefore we arrive at: ... 因此我们得到

d bounded by 234 d限制在234

Given ... 给定 ...

require at least 需要至少

come to rest 变为静止

Conversely, if we instead have an idea of ... 相反如果我们认为

We can easily compute that 我们很容易计算得到

the calculation for ... ...的计算

dissipate the energy 消耗能量

, i.e. @#$%^& 也就是@#$%^&

the kinetic energy 动能

the change in energy 能量变化量

regardless of 不考虑

We calculate sth. by solving the folllowing differential equation 我们计算sth.通过下列微分方程

first order equations 一阶微分方程

It would be unwise to ignore aie resistance 忽略空气阻力是不明智的

incorporate ... into ... 将什么合并入什么

Ideally r should be zero, but small variations may occur. 理想情况...,但会小的偏差发生

uncertain initial condition 不确定的初始条件

We assume the following uncertainties 我们假设如下不确定性

These are shown in Fig. 5. 这些在图5中显示

A illustration of this effect is shown in Fig. 6.

far too complex to medel accurately 太复杂以致不能精确模拟

make the following assumptions to approximate and simplify the problem

做以下假设,来近似简化问题

two dimensional space二维空间

We restrict our attention to 我们集中精力在

There is no reason for ... 什么是没有理由的

Making this simplification does affect the possibility of 做这个简化,确实影响到什么的概率

However, we will later show that these effects are negligible in most cases.

然而,稍后我们将证明这个影响在大多数情况下是可以忽略的

ignore further interaction with ... 忽略和谁的进一步交互作用

The velocity magnitude is reduced but the direction is unchanged.

速度的大小减小了但方向未改变

a uniform level 相同的水平

... is represented by ... 什么有什么来代表代替

We modify ... according to ... 我们根据什么调整什么

sth. described in the following section (see Eq. 2) ...在下部分被描述的(参见方程2)

We use this process to account for the effects of friction. 我们用这个过程来计算解释摩擦的作用

horizontal 水平vertical 竖直

The vertical compoment of the velocity is set to zero. 速度的竖直分量被置为0 rectangle 长方形、矩形triangle 三角形

slow his descent 降低他的降落速度

This is a good approximation in the average of a large number of collisions.

这是一个很好的近似,在大量撞击的平均水平

We are taking the maximum here to avoid ... 这里我们取最大值,以避免...

To show that sth. are negligible, we vary ... 为了证明什么是可忽略的,我们改变... step size 步长

no distinguishable change 没有显著改变

This verifies that sth. is highly insensitive to... 这证实了sth. 对...高度不敏感conservation of energy 能量守恒

conservation of momentum 动量守恒

the change in his velocity 速度的变化量

We use this equation to calculate ...

stability and sensitivity analsis

as a function of time

the discrete way

Hypothesis 假设

The results indicate that type (1) is optimal.

figure out 计算出

be shown in detail in Fig. 2

final recommendation

rumor 瘤humor幽默rumor流言谣言

result in 导致result from 产生

cause a minimal effect on 引起最小限度的影响

10 seconds up to a couple hours

under various conditions

be fairly independent of ... 与什么无关

two complementary measures 两个补充方法

We tabulate the relationship between and 我们将列成表格

be proportional to the square of velocity 和速度的平方成比例

the above considerations lead us to formulate ...

This is precisely the effect that we wish to capture.

modified poisson process 改良的泊松过程

test and demonstrate our algorithm 测试和证明我们的算法

The defination of "simple" is up to you.

be implemented in 在某处实施

It also shows that Duke is not alone in this trend. 这也显示了不仅杜克大学符合这种趋势

It is apparently that... 很显然

generality 一般性

Through trial and error we determined a possible coefficient of 0.2.

figure out / calculate /compute 计算formulate用公式表明

in terms of根据, 按照, 用...的话, 在...方面

For this reason, class size is not directly involved in the model.

be reflected in ... 反映在某方面

tend toward 趋向

the most extreme case

as long as 只要

index 指数指标

, thereby reducing the amount of time taken to select a treatment plan 因此(注:可编辑下载,若有不当之处,请指正,谢谢!)

数学建模美赛o奖论文

For office use only T1________________ T2________________ T3________________ T4________________ Team Control Number 55069 Problem Chosen A For office use only F1________________ F2________________ F3________________ F4________________ 2017 MCM/ICM Summary Sheet The Rehabilitation of the Kariba Dam Recently, the Institute of Risk Management of South Africa has just warned that the Kariba dam is in desperate need of rehabilitation, otherwise the whole dam would collapse, putting 3.5 million people at risk. Aimed to look for the best strategy with the three options listed to maintain the dam, we employ AHP model to filter factors and determine two most influential criteria, including potential costs and benefits. With the weight of each criterion worked out, our model demonstrates that option 3is the optimal choice. According to our choice, we are required to offer the recommendation as to the number and placement of the new dams. Regarding it as a set covering problem, we develop a multi-objective optimization model to minimize the number of smaller dams while improving the water resources management capacity. Applying TOPSIS evaluation method to get the demand of the electricity and water, we solve this problem with genetic algorithm and get an approximate optimal solution with 12 smaller dams and determine the location of them. Taking the strategy for modulating the water flow into account, we construct a joint operation of dam system to simulate the relationship among the smaller dams with genetic algorithm approach. We define four kinds of year based on the Kariba’s climate data of climate, namely, normal flow year, low flow year, high flow year and differential year. Finally, these statistics could help us simulate the water flow of each month in one year, then we obtain the water resources planning and modulating strategy. The sensitivity analysis of our model has pointed out that small alteration in our constraints (including removing an important city of the countries and changing the measurement of the economic development index etc.) affects the location of some of our dams slightly while the number of dams remains the same. Also we find that the output coefficient is not an important factor for joint operation of the dam system, for the reason that the discharge index and the capacity index would not change a lot with the output coefficient changing.

数学建模比赛论文格式要求

比赛论文格式要求: 1、论文用白色A4纸打印,上下左右各留出2.5厘米的页边距。 2、论文第一页为泉州师范学院大学生数学建模竞赛承诺书,具体内容和格式见附件1,参赛队必须在竞赛承诺书上签名。 3、论文题目和摘要写在论文第二页上,从第三页开始是论文正文。 4、论文从第二页开始编写页码,页码必须位于每页页脚中部,用阿拉伯数字从“1”开始连续编号。 5、论文不能有页眉,论文中不能有任何可能显示答题人身份的标志。 6、论文题目用3号黑体字、一级标题用4号黑体字,并居中。论文中其他汉字一律采用小4号黑色宋体字,行距用单倍行距。图形应绘制在文中相应的位置,比例适当。 7、提醒大家注意:摘要在整篇论文评阅中占有重要权重,请认真书写摘要(最好在300字以内,注意篇幅不能超过一页)。评阅时将首先根据摘要和论文整体结构及概貌对论文优劣进行初步筛选。 8、引用别人的成果或其他公开的资料 (包括网上查到的资料) 必须按照规定的参考文献的表述方式在正文引用处和参考文献中均明确列出。正文引用处用方括号标示参考文献的编号,如[1][3]等;引用书籍还必须指出页码。参考文献按正文中的引用次序列出:(1)参考书籍的表述方式为: [编号] 作者,书名,出版地,出版社,出版年。 (2)参考期刊杂志论文的表述方式为: [编号] 作者,论文名,杂志名,卷期号,起止页码,出版年。 (3)参考网上查到的资料的表达方式: [编号] 作者,资源标题,网址,访问时间(年月日)。 比赛流程: 参赛队伍利用2013.5.11到2013.5.13三天的时间利用所学的知识解决实际问题,由老师根据参赛队伍提交的论文,根据评奖标准评选出一等奖、二等奖、三等奖,评出的优秀队伍将送去参加全国性的比赛。注意:比赛规则与赛场纪律: 1、每个参赛队队员不得超过三名,参赛队队员应是具有泉州师范学院正式学籍的本、专科生,参赛队允许参赛队员跨年级跨专业跨学院组成,三人之间分工明确、协作完成。比赛期间参赛队不得任意换人,若有参赛队队员因特殊原因退出,则缺人比赛。 2、教师可以从事赛前辅导及有关组织工作,但在比赛期间不得以任何形式对参赛队员进行指导或参与讨论。 3、比赛以相对集中的形式进行,比赛期间,参赛队队员可以利

数学建模美赛2012MCM B论文

Camping along the Big Long River Summary In this paper, the problem that allows more parties entering recreation system is investigated. In order to let park managers have better arrangements on camping for parties, the problem is divided into four sections to consider. The first section is the description of the process for single-party's rafting. That is, formulating a Status Transfer Equation of a party based on the state of the arriving time at any campsite. Furthermore, we analyze the encounter situations between two parties. Next we build up a simulation model according to the analysis above. Setting that there are recreation sites though the river, count the encounter times when a new party enters this recreation system, and judge whether there exists campsites available for them to station. If the times of encounter between parties are small and the campsite is available, the managers give them a good schedule and permit their rafting, or else, putting off the small interval time t until the party satisfies the conditions. Then solve the problem by the method of computer simulation. We imitate the whole process of rafting for every party, and obtain different numbers of parties, every party's schedule arrangement, travelling time, numbers of every campsite's usage, ratio of these two kinds of rafting boats, and time intervals between two parties' starting time under various numbers of campsites after several times of simulation. Hence, explore the changing law between the numbers of parties (X) and the numbers of campsites (Y) that X ascends rapidly in the first period followed by Y's increasing and the curve tends to be steady and finally looks like a S curve. In the end of our paper, we make sensitive analysis by changing parameters of simulation and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of our model, and write a memo to river managers on the arrangements of rafting. Key words: Camping;Computer Simulation; Status Transfer Equation

数学建模国家一等奖优秀论文

2014高教社杯全国大学生数学建模竞赛 承诺书 我们仔细阅读了《全国大学生数学建模竞赛章程》和《全国大学生数学建模竞赛参赛规则》(以下简称为“竞赛章程和参赛规则”,可从全国大学生数学建模竞赛网站下载)。 我们完全明白,在竞赛开始后参赛队员不能以任何方式(包括电话、电子邮件、网上咨询等)与队外的任何人(包括指导教师)研究、讨论与赛题有关的问题。 我们知道,抄袭别人的成果是违反竞赛章程和参赛规则的,如果引用别人的成果或其他公开的资料(包括网上查到的资料),必须按照规定的参考文献的表述方式在正文引用处和参考文献中明确列出。 我们郑重承诺,严格遵守竞赛章程和参赛规则,以保证竞赛的公正、公平性。如有违反竞赛章程和参赛规则的行为,我们将受到严肃处理。 我们授权全国大学生数学建模竞赛组委会,可将我们的论文以任何形式进行公开展示(包括进行网上公示,在书籍、期刊和其他媒体进行正式或非正式发表等)。 我们参赛选择的题号是(从A/B/C/D中选择一项填写):B 我们的报名参赛队号为(8位数字组成的编号): 所属学校(请填写完整的全名): 参赛队员(打印并签名) :1. 2. 3.

指导教师或指导教师组负责人(打印并签名): ?(论文纸质版与电子版中的以上信息必须一致,只是电子版中无需签名。以上内容请仔细核对,提交后将不再允许做任何修改。如填写错误,论文可能被取消评奖资格。) 日期: 2014 年 9 月15日 赛区评阅编号(由赛区组委会评阅前进行编号):

2014高教社杯全国大学生数学建模竞赛 编号专用页 赛区评阅编号(由赛区组委会评阅前进行编号):赛区评阅记录(可供赛区评阅时使用):

全国大学生数学建模竞赛论文模板

2009高教社杯全国大学生数学建模竞赛 承诺书 我们仔细阅读了中国大学生数学建模竞赛的竞赛规则. 我们完全明白,在竞赛开始后参赛队员不能以任何方式(包括电话、电子邮件、网上咨询等)与队外的任何人(包括指导教师)研究、讨论与赛题有关的问题。 我们知道,抄袭别人的成果是违反竞赛规则的, 如果引用别人的成果或其他公开的资料(包括网上查到的资料),必须按照规定的参考文献的表述方式在正文引用处和参考文献中明确列出。 我们郑重承诺,严格遵守竞赛规则,以保证竞赛的公正、公平性。如有违反竞赛规则的行为,我们将受到严肃处理。 我们参赛选择的题号是(从A/B/C/D中选择一项填 写): 我们的参赛报名号为(如果赛区设置报名号的 话): 所属学校(请填写完整的全 名): 参赛队员 (打印并签名) : 1. 2.

3. 指导教师或指导教师组负责人 (打印并签名):指导教师组 日期:年月日 赛区评阅编号(由赛区组委会评阅前进行编号): 2009高教社杯全国大学生数学建模竞赛 编号专用页 赛区评阅编号(由赛区组委会评阅前进行编号): 赛区评阅记录(可供赛区评阅时使用):

全国统一编号(由赛区组委会送交全国前编号): 全国评阅编号(由全国组委会评阅前进行编号): 论文标题 摘要 摘要是论文内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述,其作用是使读者不阅读论文全文即能获得必要的信息。 一般说来,摘要应包含以下五个方面的内容: ①研究的主要问题; ②建立的什么模型; ③用的什么求解方法; ④主要结果(简单、主要的); ⑤自我评价和推广。

摘要中不要有关键字和数学表达式。 数学建模竞赛章程规定,对竞赛论文的评价应以: ①假设的合理性 ②建模的创造性 ③结果的正确性 ④文字表述的清晰性 为主要标准。 所以论文中应努力反映出这些特点。 注意:整个版式要完全按照《全国大学生数学建模竞赛论文格式规范》的要求书写,否则无法送全国评奖。 一、问题的重述 数学建模竞赛要求解决给定的问题,所以一般应以“问题的重述”开始。 此部分的目的是要吸引读者读下去,所以文字不可冗长,内容选择不要过于分散、琐碎,措辞要精练。 这部分的内容是将原问题进行整理,将已知和问题明确化即可。 注意: 在写这部分的内容时,绝对不可照抄原题!

美赛数学建模比赛论文模板

The Keep-Right-Except-To-Pass Rule Summary As for the first question, it provides a traffic rule of keep right except to pass, requiring us to verify its effectiveness. Firstly, we define one kind of traffic rule different from the rule of the keep right in order to solve the problem clearly; then, we build a Cellular automaton model and a Nasch model by collecting massive data; next, we make full use of the numerical simulation according to several influence factors of traffic flow; At last, by lots of analysis of graph we obtain, we indicate a conclusion as follow: when vehicle density is lower than 0.15, the rule of lane speed control is more effective in terms of the factor of safe in the light traffic; when vehicle density is greater than 0.15, so the rule of keep right except passing is more effective In the heavy traffic. As for the second question, it requires us to testify that whether the conclusion we obtain in the first question is the same apply to the keep left rule. First of all, we build a stochastic multi-lane traffic model; from the view of the vehicle flow stress, we propose that the probability of moving to the right is 0.7and to the left otherwise by making full use of the Bernoulli process from the view of the ping-pong effect, the conclusion is that the choice of the changing lane is random. On the whole, the fundamental reason is the formation of the driving habit, so the conclusion is effective under the rule of keep left. As for the third question, it requires us to demonstrate the effectiveness of the result advised in the first question under the intelligent vehicle control system. Firstly, taking the speed limits into consideration, we build a microscopic traffic simulator model for traffic simulation purposes. Then, we implement a METANET model for prediction state with the use of the MPC traffic controller. Afterwards, we certify that the dynamic speed control measure can improve the traffic flow . Lastly neglecting the safe factor, combining the rule of keep right with the rule of dynamical speed control is the best solution to accelerate the traffic flow overall. Key words:Cellular automaton model Bernoulli process Microscopic traffic simulator model The MPC traffic control

数学建模国赛一等奖论文

电力市场输电阻塞管理模型 摘要 本文通过设计合理的阻塞费用计算规则,建立了电力市场的输电阻塞管理模型。 通过对各机组出力方案实验数据的分析,用最小二乘法进行拟合,得到了各线路上有功潮流关于各发电机组出力的近似表达式。按照电力市场规则,确定各机组的出力分配预案。如果执行该预案会发生输电阻塞,则调整方案,并对引起的部分序内容量和序外容量的收益损失,设计了阻塞费用计算规则。 通过引入危险因子来反映输电线路的安全性,根据安全且经济的原则,把输电阻塞管理问题归结为:以求解阻塞费用和危险因子最小值为目标的双目标规划问题。采用“两步走”的策略,把双目标规划转化为两次单目标规划:首先以危险因子为目标函数,得到其最小值;然后以其最小值为约束,找出使阻塞管理费用最小的机组出力分配方案。 当预报负荷为982.4MW时,分配预案的清算价为303元/MWh,购电成本为74416.8元,此时发生输电阻塞,经过调整后可以消除,阻塞费用为3264元。 当预报负荷为1052.8MW时,分配预案的清算价为356元/MWh,购电成本为93699.2元,此时发生输电阻塞,经过调整后可以使用线路的安全裕度输电,阻塞费用为1437.5元。 最后,本文分析了各线路的潮流限值调整对最大负荷的影响,据此给电网公司提出了建议;并提出了模型的改进方案。

一、问题的重述 我国电力系统的市场化改革正在积极、稳步地进行,随着用电紧张的缓解,电力市场化将进入新一轮的发展,这给有关产业和研究部门带来了可预期的机遇和挑战。 电网公司在组织电力的交易、调度和配送时,必须遵循电网“安全第一”的原则,同时按照购电费用最小的经济目标,制订如下电力市场交易规则: 1、以15分钟为一个时段组织交易,每台机组在当前时段开始时刻前给出下一个时段的报价。各机组将可用出力由低到高分成至多10段报价,每个段的长度称为段容量,每个段容量报一个段价,段价按段序数单调不减。 2、在当前时段内,市场交易-调度中心根据下一个时段的负荷预报、每台机组的报价、当前出力和出力改变速率,按段价从低到高选取各机组的段容量或其部分,直到它们之和等于预报的负荷,这时每个机组被选入的段容量或其部分之和形成该时段该机组的出力分配预案。最后一个被选入的段价称为该时段的清算价,该时段全部机组的所有出力均按清算价结算。 电网上的每条线路上有功潮流的绝对值有一安全限值,限值还具有一定的相对安全裕度。如果各机组出力分配方案使某条线路上的有功潮流的绝对值超出限值,称为输电阻塞。当发生输电阻塞时,需要按照以下原则进行调整: 1、调整各机组出力分配方案使得输电阻塞消除; 2、如果1做不到,可以使用线路的安全裕度输电,以避免拉闸限电,但要使每条 线路上潮流的绝对值超过限值的百分比尽量小; 3、如果无论怎样分配机组出力都无法使每条线路上的潮流绝对值超过限值的百分 比小于相对安全裕度,则必须在用电侧拉闸限电。 调整分配预案后,一些通过竞价取得发电权的发电容量不能出力;而一些在竞价中未取得发电权的发电容量要在低于对应报价的清算价上出力。因此,发电商和网方将产生经济利益冲突。网方应该为因输电阻塞而不能执行初始交易结果付出代价,网方在结算时应该适当地给发电商以经济补偿,由此引起的费用称之为阻塞费用。网方在电网安全运行的保证下应当同时考虑尽量减少阻塞费用。 现在需要完成的工作如下: 1、某电网有8台发电机组,6条主要线路,附件1中表1和表2的方案0给出了各机组的当前出力和各线路上对应的有功潮流值,方案1~32给出了围绕方案0的一些实验数据,试用这些数据确定各线路上有功潮流关于各发电机组出力的近似表达式。 2、设计一种简明、合理的阻塞费用计算规则,除考虑电力市场规则外,还需注意:在输电阻塞发生时公平地对待序内容量不能出力的部分和报价高于清算价的序外容量出力的部分。 3、假设下一个时段预报的负荷需求是982.4MW,附件1中的表3、表4和表5分别给出了各机组的段容量、段价和爬坡速率的数据,试按照电力市场规则给出下一个时段各机组的出力分配预案。 4、按照表6给出的潮流限值,检查得到的出力分配预案是否会引起输电阻塞,并在发生输电阻塞时,根据安全且经济的原则,调整各机组出力分配方案,并给出与该方案相应的阻塞费用。 5、假设下一个时段预报的负荷需求是1052.8MW,重复3~4的工作。 二、问题的分析

美赛:13215---数模英文论文

Team Control Number For office use only 13215 For office use only T1 ________________ F1 ________________ T2 ________________ F2 ________________ T3 ________________ Problem Chosen F3 ________________ T4 ________________ F4 ________________ C 2012 Mathematical Contest in Modeling (MCM) Summary Sheet (Attach a copy of this page to each copy of your solution paper.) Type a summary of your results on this page. Do not include the name of your school, advisor, or team members on this page. Message Network Modeling for Crime Busting Abstract A particularly popular and challenging problem in crime analysis is to identify the conspirators through analysis of message networks. In this paper, using the data of message traffic, we model to prioritize the likelihood of one’s being conspirator, and nominate the probable conspiracy leaders. We note a fact that any conspirator has at least one message communication with other conspirators, and assume that sending or receiving a message has the same effect, and then develop Model 1, 2 and 3 to make a priority list respectively and Model 4 to nominate the conspiracy leader. In Model 1, we take the amount of one’s suspicious messages and one’s all messages with known conspirators into account, and define a simple composite index to measure the likelihood of one’s being conspirator. Then, considering probability relevance of all nodes, we develop Model 2 based on Law of Total Probability . In this model, probability of one’s being conspirator is the weight sum of probabilities of others directly linking to it. And we develop Algorithm 1 to calculate probabilities of all the network nodes as direct calculation is infeasible. Besides, in order to better quantify one’s relationship to the known conspirators, we develop Model 3, which brings in the concept “shortest path” of graph theory to create an indicator evaluating the likelihood of one’s being conspirator which can be calculated through Algorithm 2. As a result, we compare three priority lists and conclude that the overall rankings are similar but quite changes appear in some nodes. Additionally, when altering the given information, we find that the priority list just changes slightly except for a few nodes, so that we validate the models’ stability. Afterwards, by using Freeman’s centrality method, we develop Model 4 to nominate three most probable leaders: Paul, Elsie, Dolores (senior manager). What’s more, we make some remarks about the models and discuss what could be done to enhance them in the future work. In addition, we further explain Investigation EZ through text and semantic network analysis, so to illustrate the models’ capacity of applying to more complicated cases. Finally, we briefly state the application of our models in other disciplines.

数学建模论文格式官方要求

二、论文格式规范 (一)“论文首页”编写 竞赛论文首页为“编号页”,只包含队号、队员姓名、学校名信息,第二页起为摘要页和正文页。参赛队有关信息不得出现于首页以外的任何一页,包括摘要页,否则视为违规。 (二)“论文摘要页”编写 竞赛使用“统一摘要面”。为了保证评审质量,提请参赛研究生注意摘要一定要将论文创新点、主要想法、做法、结果、分析结论表达清楚,如果一页纸不够,摘要可以写成两页。

(三)“论文文本”要求————“全国研究生数学建模竞赛论文 格式规范” ●每个参赛队可以从A、B、C、D、E题中任选一题完成论文。(赛题类型以 比赛下载为准) ●论文用白色A4版面;上下左右各留出至少2.5厘米的页边距;从左侧装订。 ●论文题目和摘要写在论文封面上,封面页的下一页开始论文正文。 ●论文从编号页开始编写页码,页码必须位于每页页脚中部,用阿拉伯数字从 “1 ”开始连续编号。 ●论文不能有页眉,论文中不能有任何可能显示答题人身份的标志。 ●论文题目用三号黑体字、一级标题用四号黑体字,并居中。论文中其他汉字 一律采用小四号宋体字,行距用单倍行距。程序执行文件,和源程序一起附在电子版论文中以备检查。 ●请大家注意:摘要应该是一份简明扼要的详细摘要(包括关键词),请认真 书写(注意篇幅一般不超过两页,且无需译成英文)。全国评阅时对摘要和论文都会审阅。 ●引用别人的成果或其他公开的资料(包括网上甚至在“博客”上查到的资料) 必须按照规定的参考文献的表述方式在正文引用处和参考文献中明确列出。 正文引用处用方括号标示参考文献的编号,如[1][3]等;引用书籍还必须指出页码。参考文献按正文中的引用次序列出,其中书籍的表述方式为:[编号] 作者,书名,出版地:出版社,出版年。 参考文献中期刊杂志论文的表述方式为: [编号] 作者,论文名,杂志名,卷期号:起止页码,出版年。 参考文献中网上资源的表述方式为: [编号] 作者,资源标题,网址,访问时间(年月日)。 全国研究生数学建模竞赛评审委员会 2011年9月20日修订

数学建模全国赛07年A题一等奖论文

关于中国人口增长趋势的研究 【摘要】 本文从中国的实际情况和人口增长的特点出发,针对中国未来人口的老龄化、出生人口性别比以及乡村人口城镇化等,提出了Logistic、灰色预测、动态模拟等方法进行建模预测。 首先,本文建立了Logistic阻滞增长模型,在最简单的假设下,依照中国人口的历史数据,运用线形最小二乘法对其进行拟合,对2007至2020年的人口数目进行了预测,得出在2015年时,中国人口有13.59亿。在此模型中,由于并没有考虑人口的年龄、出生人数男女比例等因素,只是粗略的进行了预测,所以只对中短期人口做了预测,理论上很好,实用性不强,有一定的局限性。 然后,为了减少人口的出生和死亡这些随机事件对预测的影响,本文建立了GM(1,1) 灰色预测模型,对2007至2050年的人口数目进行了预测,同时还用1990至2005年的人口数据对模型进行了误差检验,结果表明,此模型的精度较高,适合中长期的预测,得出2030年时,中国人口有14.135亿。与阻滞增长模型相同,本模型也没有考虑年龄一类的因素,只是做出了人口总数的预测,没有进一步深入。 为了对人口结构、男女比例、人口老龄化等作深入研究,本文利用动态模拟的方法建立模型三,并对数据作了如下处理:取平均消除异常值、对死亡率拟合、求出2001年市镇乡男女各年龄人口数目、城镇化水平拟合。在此基础上,预测出人口的峰值,适婚年龄的男女数量的差值,人口老龄化程度,城镇化水平,人口抚养比以及我国“人口红利”时期。在模型求解的过程中,还对政府部门提出了一些有针对性的建议。此模型可以对未来人口做出细致的预测,但是需要处理的数据量较大,并且对初始数据的准确性要求较高。接着,我们对对模型三进行了改进,考虑人为因素的作用,加入控制因子,使得所预测的结果更具有实际意义。 在灵敏度分析中,首先针对死亡率发展因子θ进行了灵敏度分析,发现人口数量对于θ的灵敏度并不高,然后对男女出生比例进行灵敏度分析得出其灵敏度系数为0.8850,最后对妇女生育率进行了灵敏度分析,发现在生育率在由低到高的变化过程中,其灵敏度在不断增大。 最后,本文对模型进行了评价,特别指出了各个模型的优缺点,同时也对模型进行了合理性分析,针对我国的人口情况给政府提出了建议。 关键字:Logistic模型灰色预测动态模拟 Compertz函数

数学建模国赛论文格式(数模必备)

全国大学生数学建模竞赛论文格式规范 ●本科组参赛队从A、B题中任选一题,专科组参赛队从C、D题中任选一题。(全 国评奖时,每个组别一、二等奖的总名额按每道题参赛队数的比例分配;但全国一等奖名额的一半将平均分配给本组别的每道题,另一半按每道题参赛队比例分配。)●论文用白色A4纸单面打印;上下左右各留出至少2.5厘米的页边距;从左侧装订。 ●论文第一页为承诺书,具体内容和格式见本规范第二页。 ●论文第二页为编号专用页,用于赛区和全国评阅前后对论文进行编号,具体内容和 格式见本规范第三页。 ●论文题目、摘要和关键词写在论文第三页上,从第四页开始是论文正文,不要目录。 ●论文从第三页开始编写页码,页码必须位于每页页脚中部,用阿拉伯数字从“1”开 始连续编号。 ●论文不能有页眉,论文中不能有任何可能显示答题人身份的标志。 ●论文题目用三号黑体字、一级标题用四号黑体字,并居中;二级、三级标题用小四 号黑体字,左端对齐(不居中)。论文中其他汉字一律采用小四号宋体字,行距用单倍行距。打印文字内容时,应尽量避免彩色打印(必要的彩色图形、图表除外)。 ●提请大家注意:摘要应该是一份简明扼要的详细摘要(包括关键词),在整篇论文 评阅中占有重要权重,请认真书写(注意篇幅不能超过一页,且无需译成英文)。 全国评阅时将首先根据摘要和论文整体结构及概貌对论文优劣进行初步筛选。 ●论文应该思路清晰,表达简洁(正文尽量控制在20页以内,附录页数不限)。 ●在论文纸质版附录中,应给出参赛者实际使用的软件名称、命令和编写的全部计算 机源程序(若有的话)。同时,所有源程序文件必须放入论文电子版中备查。论文及程序电子版压缩在一个文件中,一般不要超过20MB,且应与纸质版同时提交。 ●引用别人的成果或其他公开的资料(包括网上查到的资料) 必须按照规定的参考文 献的表述方式在正文引用处和参考文献中均明确列出。正文引用处用方括号标示参考文献的编号,如[1][3]等;引用书籍还必须指出页码。参考文献按正文中的引用次序列出,其中书籍的表述方式为: [编号] 作者,书名,出版地:出版社,出版年。 参考文献中期刊杂志论文的表述方式为: [编号] 作者,论文名,杂志名,卷期号:起止页码,出版年。 参考文献中网上资源的表述方式为: [编号] 作者,资源标题,网址,访问时间(年月日)。 ●在不违反本规范的前提下,各赛区可以对论文增加其他要求(如在本规范要求的第 一页前增加其他页和其他信息,或在论文的最后增加空白页等);从承诺书开始到论文正文结束前,各赛区不得有本规范外的其他要求(否则一律无效)。 ●本规范的解释权属于全国大学生数学建模竞赛组委会。 [注] 赛区评阅前将论文第一页取下保存,同时在第一页和第二页建立“赛区评阅编号”(由各赛区规定编号方式),“赛区评阅纪录”表格可供赛区评阅时使用(各赛区自行决定是否在评阅时使用该表格)。评阅后,赛区对送全国评阅的论文在第二页建立“全国统一编号”(编号方式由全国组委会规定,与去年格式相同),然后送全国评阅。论文第二页(编号页)由全国组委会评阅前取下保存,同时在第二页建立“全国评阅编号”。 全国大学生数学建模竞赛组委会

2019数学建模美赛论文

2019 MCM/ICM Summary Sheet (Your team's summary should be included as the first page of your electronic submission.) Type a summary of your results on this page. Do not include the name of your school, advisor , or team members on this page. Ecosystems provide many natural processes to maintain a healthy and sustainable environment after human life. However, over the past decades, rapid industrial development and other anthropogenic activities have been limiting or removing ecosystem services. It is necessary to access the impact of human activities on biodiversity and environmental degradation. The main purpose of this work is to understand the true economic costs of land use projects when ecosystem services are considered. To this end, we propose an ecological service assessment model to perform a cost benefit analysis of land use development projects of varying sites, from small-scale community projects to large national projects. We mainly focus on the treatment cost of environmental pollution in land use from three aspects: air pollution, solid waste and water pollution. We collect pollution data nationwide from 2010 to 2015 to estimate economic costs. We visually analyze the change in economic costs over time via some charts. We also analyze how the economic cost changes with time by using linear regression method. We divide the data into small community projects data (living pollution data) and large natural data (industrial pollution data). Our results indicate that the economic costs of restoring economical services for different scales of land use are different. For small-scale land, according to our analysis, the treatment cost of living pollution is about 30 million every year in China. With the rapid development of technology, the cost is lower than past years. For large-scale land, according to our analysis, the treatment cost of industrial pollution is about 8 million, which is lower than cost of living pollution. Meanwhile the cost is trending down due to technology development. The theory developed here provides a sound foundation for effective decision making policies on land use projects. Key words: economic cost , ecosystem service, ecological service assesment model, pollution. Team Control Number For office use only For office use only T1 ________________ F1 ________________ T2 ________________ F2 ________________ T3 ________________ Problem Chosen F3 ________________ T4 ________________ F4 ________________ E

相关主题
文本预览
相关文档 最新文档