名词性从句精讲
- 格式:doc
- 大小:79.50 KB
- 文档页数:10
名词性从句讲解(最全版)名词性从句是一个从句,它在句子中充当名词的角色。
它可以作为主语、宾语、表语、同位语或介词宾语。
名词性从句通常由连接词引导,如that、whether、if、who、whom、whose、which、what等。
1. 作为主语:名词性从句可以作为主语,取代一个名词或名词短语,引导词通常为that或whether。
例如:- What you said is true.(你说的是真的。
)- Whether he will come is still uncertain.(他是否会来还不确定。
)2. 作为宾语:名词性从句可以作为及物动词或介词的宾语,引导词通常为that、whether、if、who、whom、whose、which、what等。
例如:- She asked me what I wanted.(她问我想要什么。
)- I don't know if/whether he will come.(我不知道他是否会来。
)3. 作为表语:名词性从句可以作为系动词的表语,引导词通常为that、whether、who、whom、whose、which、what等。
例如:- The problem is that she doesn't understand.(问题在于她不理解。
)- The question is who will take care of them.(问题是谁会照顾他们。
)4. 作为同位语:名词性从句可以作为同位语,解释或说明前面的名词或代词,引导词通常为that、whether、who、whom、whose、which、what等。
例如:- The fact that he lied surprised me.(他撒谎的事实让我感到惊讶。
)- His belief that she will succeed is unwavering.(他坚信她会成功。
考点08名词性从句(核心考点精讲精练)【近年真题考点分布】【思维导图】【知识梳理】➢考点一:宾语从句1.宾语从句的引导词She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library,and I admitted that I hadn't.她问我是否把书还给图书馆了,我承认我还没有还。
Our teacher always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.我们的老师总是告诉我们,如果我们想成功的话,就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们自己。
宾语一般放在及物动词或介词之后,但是,在下列情况下,须用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语(常为不定式/从句)后置。
(1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make+it+宾补(形容词或名词)+不定式/从句(2)动词hate/ like/ dislike/ appreciate/enjoy+it+从句(3)短语动词see to/ depend on/rely on+it+从句(4)固定搭配take it for granted that/owe it to sb.that+从句No matter where he is,he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.无论他在哪里,他都定了一个规矩——早餐前散步。
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.你不在的时候,我负责把他照顾好。
I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.我认为我们每天多喝白开水是有必要的。
名词性从句讲解在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。
它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目, 在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到, 并且每年的命题各有变化。
分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面1.考查名词性从句的语序问题2.考查引导词that与what的区别3.考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法4.考查whether与if的区别5.考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与n.matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别6.考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题语法要点剖析一、名词性从句主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句, 在整个句子中所起的作用, 相当于一个名词。
因此, 这四种从句通称为名词性从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:.连接词: that.whether.i.(不充当从句的任何成分).连接代词: what.whatever.who.whoever.whom.whose.which..连接副词: when.where.how.why1.主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。
主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。
that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。
例如:Wha.h.want.t.tel.u.i.no.clear. 他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。
I.i.know.t.u.ho.h.becam..writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
Wher.th.Englis.evenin.wil.b.hel.ha.no.ye.bee.announced.英语晚会将在哪里举行, 还没有宣布。
有时为避免句子头重脚轻, 常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首, 而把主语从句置于句末。
名词性从句专题在一个句子中,名词能作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。
当我们在一个句子中用一个句子来担当主语、宾语、表语和同位语时,这个句子就叫做主语从句、或宾语从句、或表语从句、或同位语从句。
这些从句的统称为名词性从句。
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组。
所以按其句法功能,名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的有连接词that, whether 和if,关系代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever以及关系副词when, where和how。
任何一种从句都必须由一个引导词来引导。
引导名词性从句的引导词在语法上称为连接词。
而连接词又根据它们在句子中的不同作用又被划分为:连接词连接代词连接副词. 一、名词性从句的引导词有:连接词:that、if、whether连接代词:who/ whom/whose/what/which/wh_ever连接副词:when/where/why/how/二、各种连接词的用法:1.连接词that、whether、if 不在它们引导的主语从句中充当句子成分。
2. 连接代词who、whose、what、which等都在句子中担当一个句子成分。
比如:主语、宾语、表语、定语等等。
3. 关系副词when、where、how、why等分别在句子中作时间状语、地点状语、方式状语等等。
主语从句(The Subject Clause)作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。
主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。
that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词在从句中起名词的作用,在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,作主语、宾语、表语、定语等;连接副词在从句中起副词的作用,作状语。
例如:1.从属连词that 引导的主语从句That light travels in straight line is known to all. 众所周知,光是以直线传播的。
It so happens that I know the man. 碰巧我认识那个。
Is it certain that they will win 他们一定会赢吗由it作形式主语that引导的主语从句常以it作形式主语的句型有:A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain,probable, etc.)+that从句。
如:It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。
It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。
注:necessary, important, natural, strange后面用虚拟语气(should) doIt is natural that they should have different views.B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, a fact, a shame, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise,good news etc.)+that从句。
如:It’s a pity that you didn't attend the lecture yesterday.It's a fact that English has been widely used in the world.It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game. 我们没赢这场比赛真意外。
C. It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that从句。
如:It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 据说格林先生已经到了北京。
It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。
D. It+seems, happens等不及物动词及短语+that从句。
如:It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不来参加晚会。
It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。
It turned out that she was a friend of my sister.E.当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。
如:Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗?Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他们明天不来很要紧吗?F.当主语从句出现在感叹句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。
如:How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子们这么安静真奇怪!2.Whether引导的主语从句可置于句首,if引导的主语从句只能放句末。
Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 她来不来都没有关系。
(主语从句,不可用if代替whether)Whether the work can be completed on time is doubtful.It is doubtful whether /if the work can be completed on time.3.Wh- 类连接词引导的主语从句连接代词有who, whom, whose, what ,which,whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever等; 连接副词when ,where, how, why,whenever, wherever, however等。
What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。
It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。
Whoever comes to the club is welcome. 不论谁来参加这个俱乐部都欢迎。
Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.凡是值得做的就值得做好。
注:Wh- 类连接词引导的主语从句可置于句首也可置于句末,置于句末借助形式主语it代替wh-从句Who will be in charge of the project hasn't been decided yet.= it hasn't been decided yet Who willbe in charge of the project.句型It doesn’t matter (makes no difference, etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。
如:It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 她是否来这无关紧要。
It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我们在哪里开会毫无区别。
宾语从句(The Object Clause)名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
宾语从句:动词或介词及形容词的宾语从句。
A. 作动词宾语He told us(that)he felt ill. 他对我们说他感到不舒服。
Do you know whose dictionary it is 你知道这是谁的字典?He has informed me when they are to discuss the work plan. 他已经通知我他们将什么时候讨论工作计划Give a reading list to whoever comes. 给所有来的人一份阅读书目。
注意:doubt(怀疑)的肯定句接if/ whether引导的宾语从句,但否定句和疑问句接that引导的宾语从句。
I doubt whether if he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。
I do not doubt that he can recite the poem. 我相信他能把这首诗背下来。
Do you doubt that he will win 你不相信会获胜吗B.作介词的宾语He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day. 他对那天发生的事感到很不快。
I am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要说什么。
Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it. 你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。
They were praised or criticizd according to how they had done their work. 他们受表扬还是受批评是根据他们工作好坏而定。
He goes to the library every day except when it is raining. 除了天下雨外,他每天都去图书馆。
注意:that引导的宾语从句只用在少数介词后,如:except, in, but等。