专四语法词汇详解16
Test Sixteen
含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气
1)由介词短语引起：
But for their help ,we wouldn’t have succeeded.
His progress wouldn’t have been made without arduous work.
2)由表示转折语气的词语引起：
I was too busy yesterday. Otherwise I would have been here to see you.
3)根据上下文判断：
Anyone in his position would have done the same.
近义词辨析
purpose, aim, goal, end
这组词均含有“目的，目标”的意思。
purpose
是一般用语，强调实现目标的决心。
aim
常指具体的近期奋斗目标或计划。
goal
强调个人精心选定的，含有不达目的誓不罢休的意思，也有足球“球门”之意，又引申为经过艰苦努力才可达到的目标。
end
比较正式，指心目中怀有的目的。
例如：He went to new York City for the mere purpose of seeing 42nd avenue.他去纽约只是为了看看四十二大道。
Her aim is to marry a westerner and live abroad.她的目标是嫁给西方人，住到国外。
We have been fighting for one common goal.我们一直为了一个共同的目标奋斗。
He never achieved his end.他从未达到目的。
全真模拟试题
1. Revolution means ____ the productive forces.
A. to liberate
B. liberated
C. liberate
D. liberating
2. Variables such as individual and corporate behaviour ____ nearly impossible for economists to forecast economic trend with precision.
A. make
B. make it
C. making
D. makes it
3. Home is home, ____ ever so homely.
A. it is
B. it were
C. be it
D. it be
4. Mary is ____ than Alice.
A. more experienceda teacher
B. a more experienced teacher
C. more an experienced teacher
D.more experienced teacher
5. Arriving at the bus stop, ____ waiting there.
A. a lot of people were
B. he found a lot of people
C. a lot of people
D. people were found
6. She has taken great pains to conceal her emotions, and thereby made them ____ conspicuous.
A. all the more
B. all the much
C. all more
D. all much
7. He didn’t go to the party, but he does wish he ____ there.
A. would be
B. has been
C. would have been
D. had been
8. It was recommended that passengers ____ smoke during the flight.
A. not
B. need not
C. could not
D. would not
9. Only take such clothes ____ really necessary.
A. as were
B. as they are
C. as they were
D. as are
10. They lost their way in the forest, and ____ made matter worse was that night began to fall.
A. that
B. what
C. it
D. which
11. Bargaining can go on the whole day, or even several days, with the customer coming and going ____ .
A. in places
B. at intervals
C. in person
D. at large
12. Human behaviour is mostly a product of learning, ____ the behavior of an animal depends mainly on instinct.
A. otherwise
B. whereas
C. unless
D. nevertheless
13. She ____ a little map for me on the back of my invitation.
A.planned
B. slipped
C. sketched
D. worked
14. If someone is a witness, then he has to ____ in court.
A. augment
B. testify
C. certify
D. betray
15. Richard’s news report covering the conference was so ____ that nothing had been omitted.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/5d2398542.html,prehensive
B. integrated
历年(1994-2012专四语法词汇题汇总及答案附 714 道词汇模拟题2012 年 51.Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT A.Twenty miles seems like a long walk to him.B.No one except his supporters agree with him.C.Neither Julia nor I were going to the party.D.Few students in my class are really lazy.52.Which of the following determiners限定词can be placed before bothsingular count nouns and plural count nouns A.many a B.few C.such D.the next 53.Which of the following reflexive pronouns 反身代词is used as anappositive同位语A,He promised himself rapid progress.B.The manager herself will interview Mary.C.I have nothing to say for myself.D.They quarreled themselves red in the face.54.My boss ordered that the legal documents ____ to him before lunch.A.be sent B.were sent C.were to be sent D.must be sent 55.Which of the following sentences expresses WILLINGNESS A.By now she will be eating dinner.B.I shall never do that again.C.My brother will help you with the luggage.D.You shall get a promotion.56.Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT A.How strange feelings they are B.How dare you speak to me like that C.What noise they are making D. What a mess we are in 57.which of the italicized parts functions as a subject A.We never doubt that her brother is honest.B.The problem is not who will go but who will stay.C.You must give it back to whoever it belongs to。 D.It is clear that the crime was done deliberately.58.which of the italicized parts functions as an object A.He doesn’t like the idea of my speaking at the meeting.B.It is no use your pretending not to know the matter.C.My parents strongly object to my going out alone at night.D.Her falling into the river was the climax of the whole trip.59.All the following sentences have an appositive EXCEPT A.She bought herself a pair of new shoes.B.Only one problem still remains-the food.C.My friends all understand and support me.D.She liked her current job,teaching English.60.Which of the following best explains the meaning of“Shall we buy the tickets first” A.He said that we were going to buy the tickets first.B.He requested that we buy the tickets first.C.He suggested that we buy the
专四词汇语法突击3（附答案详解） 1. ?____? the flood, the ship had reached its destination on time.? A. In case of B. In spite of? C. Because of D. But for? 2. Xenon has a number of applications, ?____? may be mentioned its use in flash lamps for high speed photography.? A. among which B. which C. and which D. each of which? 3. Take an umbrella with you in case of ?____?.? A. it rains B. the rain C. rain D. raining? 4. The University of Georgia,?____? in 1785, was the first state?supported University in the United States.? A. chartered B. was chartered ? C. it was chartered D. to be chartered ? 5. ?____? that is found is valuable.? A. Not every pearl B. Every pearl that is not ? C. It is not every pearl D.When not every pearl? 6. A historical novel may do more than mirror history; ?____?future events.? A. even influencing B. it may even influence? C. may even influence D.that it may even influence? 7. ?____?, glasses can correct most sight defects in healthy eyes.? A. When well fitted B. Well fitted when? C. Well fitted if D. If well fitted when? 8. I’ll certainly work all next week except when it ?____?.? A. will be raining B. would rain? C. will rain
bear，endure，stand，tolerate都含有一定的"忍耐、忍受"之意 在表示忍受pain，suffering，hardship等时，在许多情况下这四个词可以互换使用；通常与can或cannot连用 bear 强调忍受者对痛苦、忧虑、烦恼以及责任的承受力（常用于否定句中）endure (=bear bravely)指经受长期的艰难、困苦或折磨而不屈服，强调持久力和意志坚强（常用于否定句中） stand 强调不屈不挠或经受得起（常用于否定句中） tolerate指忍受某人或某种行为而不反抗，语气最弱（即可用于肯定句也可用于否定句） He quietly endures the pain of a loveless marriage.他默默地忍受着没有爱情的婚姻的煎熬。 The sorrow was almost more than she could bear.她几乎忍受不了那种悲伤。 I can’t stand hot weather.我受不了热天。 A government that refuses to tolerate opposition cannot last long. 一个不听取反对意见的政府是不会长久的。 It’s hard for people to put up with that kind of treatment.人们很难忍受那种待遇。 assure，ensure，insure与reassure 区别 assure，ensure，insure与reassure这四个单词可谓是形近意似，但用法却不无区别。 ㈠assure ▲assure用来表示向某人保证某事将要发生，既可以用来确证某事，也可以表
286 As all of us know, color-blind people often find it difficult to ___ between blue and green. A separate B distinguish C compare D contrast 287 Many artists predict that this brilliant young actor ___ to be a shining star. A destines B will be destined C is destined D has been destined 288 The local government leaders are making every effort to ___ the problem of poverty. A abolish B tackle C remove C encounter 289 His companions have threatened to ___ his crimes to the police. A impose B express C enclose D expose 290 All their ___ have been shown up by their own deeds. A debates B decorations C deductions D deceptions 291 fruit is cheapest ____ season. A at B on C in d through 292 In their latest design, the company is clearly ___ the success of previous years. A building up B building upon C building out D building over 293 In Beijing, the best season of the year is probably ___ fall. A later B last C latter D late 294 Even though he was guilty, the ___ judge did not send him to prison. A merciful B impartial C conscientious D conspicuous 295 Although he thought he was helping us to prepare the dinner, he was actually ___ the way. A in B off C by D on 296 A large part of human activity, particularly in relation to the environment, is ___ conditions or events. A in response to B in favor of C in contrast to D in excess of 297 The bus driver is ____ for the passengers’ safety. A skillful B responsible C strict D intensive 298 I hate people who ___ the end of a film that you haven’t seen before. A reveal B rewrite C revise d reverse 299 Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is ___ loud continuous noise. A subjected to B filled with C associated with D attached to 300 The human voice often sounds ___ on the telephone. A twisted B irregular C distorted D deformed 301 Since the ground is wet, it ____ last night. A must have rained B must be raining C must rain D had rained 302 If you are required to do some work, it must be done ____.
一． 1. ______ we need to complete the construction is two million dollars. A. All what B. That all C. That D. What 2. ______ all our kindness to help her, Sara refused to listen. A. At B. In C. For D. On 3. _______ all the difficulties, she finished the project by herself. A. As for B. In spite C. Besides D. Despite 4. _______ as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention. A. Being published B. Published C. Publishing D. To be published 5. _______ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party. A. Had they arrived B. Would they arrive C. Were they arriving D. Were they to arrive 6. ______ book is interesting to her although reading is her hobby. She likes reading literature, not politics or economics. A. None of B. No C. Not every D. All 7. _______classic music, which follows formal European tradition, jazz is a spontaneous and free form. A. In contrast to B. In connection with C. In comparison with D. In regard to 8. _______ conflict among city-states caused the eventual decline of Greek civilization. A. Continuous B. Continual C. Constant D. Contrary 9. _______ conventional black ink costs newspaper about thirty cents, most rub-resistant inks add at least ten cents more to the bill. A. While B. Furthermore C. Meanwhile D. Moreover 10. _______ for this suggestion. A. There is something to be said B. There has something to be said C. It is something to be said D. It has something to be said 11. _______ for your help, we'd never have been able to get over the difficulties. A. Had it not B. If it were not C. Had it not been D. It we had not been 12. ______ he's already heard the news. A. Chances are B. Chance is C. Opportunities are D. Opportunity is 13. _______ his knowledge and academic background, he is basically stupid. A. But for B. According to C. For all D. Thanks to 14. _______ his return from Japan, Prof. Li went directly to his laboratory and started working with his colleagues.
Test Twelve 虚拟条件句中的一些非常规现象 a)省略连词if,把were, had, should移到主语前。例如： Were they here now, they would give us some advice. Had it not been for your help, we wouldn’t have succeeded. b)用介词或介词短语without, but for, in the absence of, under... Without the leadership of the Party, we could not live a happy life. But for the atmosphere we would die. c)if only结构，表示“但愿…”，“要是…”，例如： If only I had more time, I could go to watch the performance. If only I knew where he lives. 近义词辨析 gather, assemble, collect 这组词均含有“召集或聚集成小组、一群或团体”的意思。 gather 指把很分散的或分布很广的东西聚集到一起，或指自发地形成一组。 The pupils are gathered into the auditorium.学生们被召集在大礼堂。 assemble 指人或组织为了某种共同的或特殊的目的集合或聚集在一起。 The football fans assembled on the square to celebrate the victory of their team.球迷们聚集在广场上庆祝他们球队的胜利。 collect 指有选择地进行收集或采集。
非谓语动词： 1. No one can understand __________a decision until it is too late to do so. A.him to postpone to make B.him to postpone making C.his postponing to make D.his postponing making 【D】本题测试动词的非谓语形式。由题句得知understand后应跟动名词（短语）作宾语，故排除A、B项。选择项中postpone（推迟）要求后跟动名词作宾语，因此D为正确选项。 2.This crop has similar qualities to the previous one, __________both wind-resistant and adapted to the same type of soil. A.being B.been C.to be D.having been 【A】测试非谓语动词的用法。A) being的逻辑主语是this crop, 分词在句中作状语。 [译文]这种农作物和先前的那种农作物特性相似，抗倒伏，并且适应同类土壤。 3. __________as the most outstanding student on the campus made her parents very happy. A.Mary's choosing B.Mary being chosen C.Mary's being chosen D.Mary having been chosen 【C】本题考点为非谓语动词前加物主代词或名词所有格构成。本句中名词所有格是Mary's。另外，因为动名词逻辑上的主语Mary是动作chose的承受者，所以须用被动语态，正确答案为C项。 4. __________from the sky, the park looks very beautiful. A.Seeing B.See C.To see D.Seen 【D】独立主格成分。 5. __________the claim about German economic might, it is somewhat surprising how relatively small the German economy actually is. A.To give B.Given C.Giving D.Having given 【B】根据逗号前后两部分之间的关系，空格中应填入表示“考虑到”之类的词，因此，B) Given 是正确答案。given已经转化成为介词，意思是“考虑到，如果有”。选项A) To give, C) Giving和D) Having given都是give的非谓语动词形式，不适用于本题。 [译文]考虑到德国经济很强大这一说法，德国经济相对弱小的实际情况有些让人吃惊。 6. "What did you hear last night 1, "I seemed __________someone knock at the door " A.hear B.to have heard C.to hear D.having heard 【B】动词不定式的完成形式作宾语，表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。 7. __________, they went hunting together. A.The snow having stopped B.The snow being stopped C.The snow stopped D.Having stopped 【A】独立主格结构；若选C项，两个小句之间应有连词。 8. It is believed that today's pop music can serve as a creative force __________stimulating the thinking of its listeners. A.by B.with C.at D.on
专四语法词汇详解16 Test Sixteen 含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气 1)由介词短语引起： But for their help ,we wouldn’t have succeeded. His progress wouldn’t have been made without arduous work. 2)由表示转折语气的词语引起： I was too busy yesterday. Otherwise I would have been here to see you. 3)根据上下文判断： Anyone in his position would have done the same. 近义词辨析 purpose, aim, goal, end 这组词均含有“目的，目标”的意思。 purpose 是一般用语，强调实现目标的决心。 aim 常指具体的近期奋斗目标或计划。 goal
强调个人精心选定的，含有不达目的誓不罢休的意思，也有足球“球门”之意，又引申为经过艰苦努力才可达到的目标。 end 比较正式，指心目中怀有的目的。 例如：He went to new York City for the mere purpose of seeing 42nd avenue.他去纽约只是为了看看四十二大道。 Her aim is to marry a westerner and live abroad.她的目标是嫁给西方人，住到国外。 We have been fighting for one common goal.我们一直为了一个共同的目标奋斗。 He never achieved his end.他从未达到目的。 全真模拟试题 1. Revolution means ____ the productive forces. A. to liberate B. liberated C. liberate D. liberating 2. Variables such as individual and corporate behaviour ____ nearly impossible for economists to forecast economic trend with precision. A. make B. make it
1.nothing but意为“仅仅，只不过”；anything but意为“除…以外的任何事”；none other than 意为“不是别人，正是…”；no more than意为“不过，仅仅”。 2.A. taxes B. payment付款 C. fees 手续费、入场费、会费 D. premium津贴酬金 3. A. display展示型表演 B. performance文艺表演 C. show展览会 D. exhibition销售性质的展览会 4. No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything ____going on in the world. A. it is B. as is C. there is 在以there be为谓语动词的定语从句中，如关系代词作主语，则关系代词便可省略 D. what is 5. A. set out 开始 as/in/on B. set off使做某事 C. set up 开业,开始经商D. set about开始、 着手 6. proliferation 扩散fair庙会、交易会 7. tumble to 突然察觉come to意为“降临，发生 8. understand better than...意为“对…非常理解” 9. go with意为“与…相配”；go by意为“根据…作出判断”；go through意为“通过；经历”；go out意为“过时” go into意为“叙述；讨论 10. on principle意为“根据行为准则；按照原则”；in principle意为“原则上；基本上；大体上”。for与by不与principle搭配。 11. take over意为“接收，接管”；take up意为“开始采用；采取，承担”；take off意为“脱去；拿掉”；take to意为“开始从事；开始沉湎于”。 12. know better than to do sth应该知道不该做某事 13. in one’s honor为…的荣誉on one’s honor以名誉担保a point of honor涉及荣誉的事 14. might as well后接动词原形，意为“不妨，何不” 15. call for意为“要求，需要”；call on意为“号召，请求”;call up意为“使人想起” ；call off
Test Two 关于used to的意义和用法 used to (只有过去时形式，没有现在时形式)表示过去习惯动作或状态，这种情况现已不复存在。例如： He used to smoke a lot, but he has long given up smoking. 在否定陈述句或否定疑问句中，用didn’t use to或usedn’t to均可： He didn’t use to smoke cigarettes. He usedn’t to smoke cigarettes. Didn’t Maria use to be interested in the theatre ? Usedn’t Maria to be interested in the theatre ? 在肯定疑问句中也可有两种形式： Used you to go to the same school as Edward ? Did you use to go to the same school as Edward ? 近义词辨析 use, apply, avail, employ, utilize 这组词均含有“使用”或“利用”之意。 use 强调利用人或物作为工具。 He used up all his resources in experimenting with the new paint.他为实验新的涂料，花光了一切钱财。 apply 指把某物或某种方法、原理等加以应用。 We should not only know the theory but also know how to apply it to practice.我们不仅要知道理论，还要知道怎样把理论应用于实践。 avail 指使用就近的或他人给予的东西，或使别人为自己提供服务。 I don’t think complaints will avail you much.我觉得抱怨对你没多大用处。 We avail ourselves of every opportunity to speak English.我们利用一切机会讲英语。 employ 指使用未被利用的东西；用于人时表示雇用。 He doesn’t know how to employ his energy and time.他不知道该怎么利用他的精力和时间。utilize 指充分发挥某物的作用，使无用的东西变有用，或使人或物有新用途。 She hopes to utilize her artistic talents in the job.她希望在工作中发挥她的艺术才能。 全真模拟试题 1. My pain ____ apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically: “Are you feeling all right?” A. must be B. must have been C. had been D. had to be 2. It is only when you nearly lose someone ____fully conscious of how much you value him. A. do you become B.then you become C. that you become D.have you become 3. Just as the soil is a part of the earth, ____ the atmosphere.
2016年英语专业四级考试词汇语法真题 参考答案与解析 11. How can I concentrate if you _________ continually ______ me with silly questions? A. have… interrupted B. are… interrupted C. had… interrupting D. were… interrupting 选A。虽然我觉得更应该说you are continually interrupting me with silly questions。不过这里用现在完成时表示的是一个动作发生过成为过去经历，有可能多次发生，也就是打断一次、两次、三次等等不断重复到现在。 12. Among the four sentences below, Sentence ___ expresses the highest degree of possibility? A. It may take a long time to find a solution to the problem. B. It might take a long time to find a solution to the problem. C. It could take a long time to find a solution to the problem. D. It should take a long time to find a solution to the problem. 选D。四个里把握度最高的是should，其次是may，最后是might和could。 13. She is a better speaker than _____ in the class. A. any boy B. the other boys C. other any girl D. all the girls 选A。主语是she，女的，所以不能选B。C的正确说法是any other girl。 14. Nobody heard him sing, ______? A. did one B. did he C. didn’t they D. did they 选B。根据专四语法出题依据的书《新编英语语法教程》（章振邦）317页，nobody这种附加疑问句，书面语里用he。口语里偶见they。实际上，现代英语里为了避免有语言歧视（为什么只有he，没有she），很多人都避免只用he，而多改为they。 15. I can’t put up with ________. A. that friend of you B. that friend of yours C. the friend of you D. the friend of yours 选B。根据专四语法出题依据的书《新编英语语法教程》（章振邦）57-58页，这种双重属格结构所修饰的名词可带a, any, some等表示非确定特指的限定词，但通常不带定冠词。比如a daughter of Mrs. Green’s, any/some daughters of Mrs/ Green’s。 16. There has been an increasing number of _______ in primary schools in the past few years. A. man teacher B. men teacher C. man teachers D. men teachers
2004年 41. That trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his loudness ____ by his lack of talent. A. so much as B. rather than C. as D. than 答案：A 参考译文：那个喇叭手的确引人注意，但与其说我讨厌他的吵闹，倒不如说他没天分。试题分析：本题考查的是固定搭配的用法。详细解答：not so much …as意为“与其说是，倒不如说是”。故选项A为正确答案。 42.____, I’ll marry him all the same. A. Was he rich or poor B. Whether rich or poor C. Were he rich or poor D. Be he rich or poor 答案：D 参考译文：无论他贫贱与否，我都会嫁给他。试题分析：本题为语法题，考查的是虚拟语气的固定用法详细解答：Be he rich or poor 相当于whether he is rich or poor。故选项D为正确答案。 43. The government has promised to do ____ lies in its power to ease the hardships of the victims in the flood-stricken area. A. however B. whichever C. whatever D. wherever 答案：C 参考译文：政府决定允偌尽其职责去减轻洪水区受害者的损失。试题分析：本题考查代词的用法。详细解答：whatever引导宾语从句，作主句的宾语，在从句中作主语。而选项A,B,D意思说不通。 44.____ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand? A. Would you be surprised B. Were you surprised C. Had you been surprised D. Would you have been surprised 答案：A 参考译文：如果昨天没有提前通知你，我就来了，你会觉得奇怪吗？试题分析：本题考查的是虚拟语气的用法。详细解答：这是一个错综时间条件句。条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作，发生的时间是不一致的，动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整。 45. If not ____ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time. A. being treated B. treated C. be treated D. having been treated 答案：B 参考译文：如果没有受到他觉得应得的尊敬，杰克的脾气就会变得很坏，并且不停地抱怨。试题分析：本题考查的是非谓语动词的用法。详细解答：条件状语从句中的主语和谓语动词被省略了，全句应为“If (Jack is) not treated…”.故选项B为正确答案。 46. It is imperative that students ____ their term papers on time.
历年（1994-2012）专四语法词汇题汇总及答案附 714 道词汇模拟题2012 年51．Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT A．Twenty miles seems like a long walk to him．B．No one except his supporters agree with him．C．Neither Julia nor I were going to the party．D．Few students in my class are really lazy．52．Which of the following determiners限定词can be placed before bothsingular count nouns and plural count nouns A．many a B．few C．such D．the next 53．Which of the following reflexive pronouns反身代词is used as anappositive同位语A，He promised himself rapid progress．B．The manager herself will interview Mary．C．I have nothing to say for myself．D．They quarreled themselves red in the face．54．My boss ordered that the legal documents ____ to him before lunch．A．be sent B．were sent C．were to be sent D．must be sent 55．Which of the following sentences expresses WILLINGNESS A．By now she will be eating dinner．B．I shall never do that again．C．My brother will help you with the luggage．D．You shall get a promotion．56．Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT A．How strange feelings they are B．How dare you speak to me like that C．What noise they are making D. What a mess we are in 57．which of the italicized parts functions as a subject A．We never doubt that her