非谓语动词：
1. No one can understand __________a decision until it is too late to do so.
A.him to postpone to make
B.him to postpone making
C.his postponing to make
D.his postponing making
【D】本题测试动词的非谓语形式。由题句得知understand后应跟动名词（短语）作宾语，故排除A、B项。选择项中postpone（推迟）要求后跟动名词作宾语，因此D为正确选项。
2.This crop has similar qualities to the previous one, __________both wind-resistant and adapted to the same type of soil.
A.being
B.been
C.to be
D.having been
【A】测试非谓语动词的用法。A) being的逻辑主语是this crop, 分词在句中作状语。
[译文]这种农作物和先前的那种农作物特性相似，抗倒伏，并且适应同类土壤。
3. __________as the most outstanding student on the campus made her parents very happy.
A.Mary's choosing
B.Mary being chosen
C.Mary's being chosen
D.Mary having been chosen
【C】本题考点为非谓语动词前加物主代词或名词所有格构成。本句中名词所有格是Mary's。另外，因为动名词逻辑上的主语Mary是动作chose的承受者，所以须用被动语态，正确答案为C项。
4. __________from the sky, the park looks very beautiful.
A.Seeing
B.See
C.To see
D.Seen
【D】独立主格成分。
5. __________the claim about German economic might, it is somewhat surprising how relatively small the German economy actually is.
A.To give
B.Given
C.Giving
D.Having given
【B】根据逗号前后两部分之间的关系，空格中应填入表示“考虑到”之类的词，因此，B) Given 是正确答案。given已经转化成为介词，意思是“考虑到，如果有”。选项A) To give, C) Giving和D) Having given都是give的非谓语动词形式，不适用于本题。
[译文]考虑到德国经济很强大这一说法，德国经济相对弱小的实际情况有些让人吃惊。
6. "What did you hear last night 1, "I seemed __________someone knock at the door "
A.hear
B.to have heard
C.to hear
D.having heard
【B】动词不定式的完成形式作宾语，表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
7. __________, they went hunting together.
A.The snow having stopped
B.The snow being stopped
C.The snow stopped
D.Having stopped
【A】独立主格结构；若选C项，两个小句之间应有连词。
8. It is believed that today's pop music can serve as a creative force __________stimulating the thinking of its listeners.
A.by
B.with
C.at
D.on
【A】此题测试“介词+ 动名词”的用法。“by + 动名词”意为“通过……方式，用……方法”，符合题意要求，因此A) by是正确答案。B) witii和C) at没有此类固定用法，须跟一定的动词或形容词连用。“on + 动名词”相当于“as soon as + 主语+ 谓语动词”，意为“一……就……”，与句意不符，所以选项D) on不对。
【译文】人们认为现代流行音乐能激励听众去思考问题，因而可看作是一种创造力。
9. All flights__________because of the storm, they decided to take the train.
A.having canceled
B.having been canceled
C.were canceled
D.have been canceled
【B】本题测试独立主格结构。题中的逻辑主语与分词动作是被动关系，因此分词用被动态；分词动作发生在谓语动词decided动作之前，因此分词用完成式。
[译文]所有的航班都因暴风雪而取消，于是他们决定乘火车。
10. There was nothing they could do but __________. .
A.wait
B.waiting
C.waited
D.to waiting
【A】此题考点为非谓语动词形式。在do nothing but后面，可以跟不带to的不定式。
虚拟语气
1. Had the weather been good, the children _____ out for a walk.
A. had gone
B. could have gone
C. would go
D. Went
（答案：B。与过去的事实相反。当if从句中含有were, had, should这三个词时，if可以省略，主谓倒装。）（2001年57题）
2. The general’s command was that the soldiers _____ their fort and carry out more important task.
A. would leave
B. Leave
C. Left
D. have left
某些动词后的宾语从句以及某些名词后的表语或同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，这些动词或名词包括：suggest （suggestion）,propose（proposal）,advise （advice）demand, insist, order, request, require, recommend, desire, ask, decide等。在这些从句中，谓语形式为should加动词原形，should可以省略。
（答案：B）（2002年49题）
3.He talks as if he _____ everything in the world.
A. Knows
B. Knew
C. had known
D. would have know
（正确答案为B。在as if/though后边的方式状语从句中，表示与现在事实相反或对现在的情况有所怀疑，动词用过去式；如果表示的是想象中的过去的动作，用过去完成时。本句表示对现在的情况有所怀疑。）（1998年45题）
4.Don’t you think it is time you _____ smoking?
A. give up
B. gave up
C. would give up
D. should give up
（答案为B。在It is （high）time后边的that从句中，动词用过去式，表示该做某事了。）（1999年
31题）
5.I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _____ next month for a dinner.
A. Come
B. would come
C. Came
D. have come
（答案：C。would rather 后面的从句中，动词用过去式。）
6.It’s desired that she _____ to teach us at least twice a week.
A. Comes
B. will com
C. Come
D. may come
（答案：C 在It is desired （或desirable）, It is important等结构后面的主语从句中，动词用原形或should+原形动词。）（1997年29题）
7.It is necessary that he _____ the assignment without delay
A. hand in
B. hands in
C. must hand in
D. has to hand in —2010.60题
考查的是虚拟语气。“It + be +a. +that ”从句，that引导的主语从句谓语动词常用should +动词原形。用于该句型的形容词有necessary, good, important，right，wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising等。
8.If there were no subjunctive mood ,English______ much easier to learn.
A. could have seen
B. would be
C. will be
D. would have been
本体表示与现在事实相反的假设。表示与现在事实相反，条件从句用一般过去式，主句使用should (would) + 动词原形。A项could have been 是对过去事实的假设、与从句所表示的现在事实不符合；C项will 不用于虚拟语气中；D项是与过去事实相反的假设的虚拟语气从句形式
(答案：B —2009.52题)
9.Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam , she __ much better results now.
A.Would be getting
B. could have got
C. must get
D. Would get
条件句与过去事实相反，虽然主句的时间副词为now，但事实上该成绩已经出来，故用could have got. 而不是would get. (答案：B —2008.52题）
10.If only the patient_________ a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.
A. had received
B. received
C. should receive
D. were receiving
if only 常常用来表达强烈的愿望或遗憾，主要用在虚拟语气中。由于所提事实与过去事实相反，所以用过去完成时。（答案：A —2007.54题）
情态动词：
1. She ___________fifty or so when I first met her at a conference.
A. had been
B. must be
C. has been
D. must have been
【答案】D
【解析】情态动词must表示很有把握的推断。对于现在事情的肯定推断用must do ,而对过去的推断，要用must have done.本句是对她过去年龄的肯定推测。
2. Nancy's gone to work but her car's still there. She___________by bus.
A. must have gone
B. should have gone
C. ought to have gone
D. could have gone
【答案】A
【解析】must 用于肯定句中比较有把握的推测，意为“一定”。当must 后接完成时，表示已发生的事情的推测。根据句意，此处应该为有把握的推测。
3. You ____ Jim anything about it. It was none of his business.
A. needn’t have told
B. needn’t tell
C. mustn’t have told
D. mustn’t tell
【答案】A
【译文】你本来没必要告诉杰姆这件事的，这和他一点关系都没有。
【解析】此句考查情态动词的用法。选项中，needn’t have done的意思是“本来不必做某事却做了”；needn’t do的意思是“现在没必要去做某事”；mustn’t do的意思是“千万不能，一定不能做某事”。另外，C选项中mustn’t have done的形式很少用。通过分析句意可知A最符合，所以选A
4. She shouldn’t have stood in a queue; she ____ her underground ticket from the machine.
A) has got B) must have got C) could have got D) got
【答案】C
【解析】本题考察情态动词could 的完成式用法。前半句用“shouldn’t have done”的形式，表示“本不应该做……”；后半句则提供了另一种可能性，“本来可以……”，因为是过去可能做，而实际上未做的事情，故应使用could的完成式。
5. You ____ her in her office last week; she has been out of the city for two months.
A. needn’t have seen
B. might have seen
C. must have seen
D. can’t have seen
【答案】D
【译文】上一周你不可能在她的办公室见到她，她离开这个城市已经两个月了。
【解析】考查情态动词。can’t have done 表示在目前看来，过去不可能发生某事。
6. —Excuse me.Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?
—Sorry，I am not sure. But it____ be.
A.might
B.will
C.must
D.can
【答案】A
【解析】“I am not sure”说明说话者对情况没有把握，推测语气较弱，使用might。
7. John, look at the time. ____ you play the piano at such a late hour?
A.Must
B.Can
C.May
D.Need
【答案】A
【解析】must在此处显示出说话人的不快，有“难道非要”的意思。
8. What’s the name? Khulaifi. ____ I spell that for you?
A.Shall
B.Would
C.Can
D.Might
【答案】A
【解析】shall在问句中征求对方意见，主要用于第一人称。答语句意为：“我给你拼写一下好吗？”
9. —How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?
—It____ be, but it is now heavily polluted.
A.will
B.would
C.should
D.must
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词的区别。will可用来表示“意愿；客观必然性等”；would可表示“意愿；过去常常（现在也可能是那样的）”；should表示“应该，理应”；must表示“必然；一定，准是”。结合语境可知，此处用should表示虚拟。句意为：“这本来应该是美丽的，但是现在它被严重污染了。”
10. May I take this book out of the reading room?
No, you______ . You read it in here.
A. mightn’t
B. won’t
C. needn’t
D. mustn’t
【答案】D
【解析】情态动词。英语中用could，might表示询问或征求意见的问句中，肯定性应答
要用can或may来代替could或might，而may或might征求意见的问句否定应答时要用
Mustn’t，故本题选D。
倒装句：
1. ____ for your help, I’d never have been able to achieve such a success.
A. If I had not been
B. Had it not been
C. If it were not
D. Had it not
【答案】B
【译文】如果不是你的帮助，我永远都不会取得这样的成功。
【试题分析】本题测试虚拟条件句的倒装。
【详细解答】根据句意和时态，前半句应为“If it had not been for your help”。当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, had, should 时，可以省略if, 将were, had, should 移至主语的前面。
2. Only when you have obtained all the information about it ____ come to a sound judgment.
A. you can
B. you will
C. would you
D. can you
【答案】D
【译文】只有当你得到关于它的所有信息后，才能得出合理的判断。
【试题分析】倒装结构。
【详细解答】“Only+状语（状语从句）”置于句首时，主句的主、谓语需采用部分倒装的结构。如果谓语中含有情态动词、助动词或动词be 时，只要将其移至主语前即可。
3. Not until _______ to go on strike.
A. all the demands has been turned down the workers decided
B. had all the demands been turned down the workers decided
C. all the demands had been turned down did the workers decide
D. had all the demands been turned down did the workers decide
【答案】C
【译文】所有的请求被拒绝之后，工人们才决定开始罢工。
【详细解答】否定副词用于句首时，主句谓语半倒装，即助动词和主语倒装。本句中，did 提前。
4. She never laughed, _______ cry.
A. or she ever did
B. nor did she ever
C. or did she ever
D. nor she ever did
【答案】B
【译文】她从来不大声笑，也没有哭过。
【试题分析】倒装句。
【详细解答】当前面的分句含否定意义而且后面的分句也含否定的意思时，后面的反句通常用含否定意义的nor（或neither）连接。此外，nor（或neither）连接的分句应当用倒装句。谓语中的情态动词、连系动词或助动词应放在主语之前。
5. ________ right now, she would not be late for the class.
A. Would she leave
B. If she leave
C. Were she to leave
D. If she had left
【答案】C
【译文】如果她立刻就走，她上学就不会迟到。
【试题分析】考虚拟语气，要求学生掌握：省略了if时，句子要倒装。
【详细解答】虚拟语气，省略了if，句子部分倒装。
6. So forcefully ______ that we were all convinced.
A) he did speak B) he spoke C) did he speak D) that he spoke
【答案】C
【译文】他讲的话十分有说服力，我们都被说服了。
【试题分析】语法题，要求考生掌握倒装结构。
【详细解答】在so...that...结构中，如果把so 置于句首，主句则要求用倒装语序。such...that...的结构用法与so...that...相同。此外，否定词及含否定意义的词如little, few等放于句首，句子也用倒装结构。如Little does he be know about it,他对此几乎一无所知。
7.There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, ______ a sudden loud noise.
A. being there
B.should there be
C.there was
D. there have been
【答案】B
【译文】如果突然出现巨大的噪音，这些动物真的有可能受到惊吓。
【详细解答】该句是一个省略if的倒装的虚拟条件句，可还原为“if there should be...”。
8.___________ in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown.
A. Unpopular has as white been
B. White has been as unpopular
C. Unpopular has been as white
D. Unpopular as white has been
【答案】D
【译文】虽然白色过去不受欢迎，但目前它是婚纱的首选颜色。
【详细解答】as是连词，引导让步状语从句时，往往使用半倒装形式。又如：Beautiful as she is, she is foolish.
9.The millions of calculations involved, _________ by hand, would have lost all practical value by the time they were finished.
A. had they been done
B. they had been done
C. having been done
D. they were done
【答案】A
【译文】数百万次计算如果用手工操作，那么，到计算结束的时候，就将失去其全部实际意义。 【详细解答】这是一句虚拟语气的句子，条件句使用了省略if的倒装句形式，动作与过去事实相反。
10._________, it is quite easy to drill a hole in it with laser.
A. Hard although a diamond is
B. As a diamond is hard
C. Hard as a diamond is
D. How hard is a diamond
【答案】C
【译文】虽然钻石坚硬，但用激光很容易就能在上面钻孔。
【详细解答】由although引导的让步状语从句，可以换成由as引导的倒装句形式，句型一般为adj（adv 或n）+as +主语+谓语。其他三个选项不表达让步意义。
定语从句：
1. In the United States, a primary election is a method ______voters select the nominees for public office.
A. that
B. by which
C. is that
D. by those
【答案】B
【解析】空格前后都是句子，因此缺从句引导词或连接词，首先排除C和D。A能够引导从句，但是根据题意，修饰method是不通的。B是介词+which, 引导定语从句
2. Croquet is a popular lawn game _______ players hit wooden balls through wire arches called wickers.
A. when
B. which
C. is when
D. in which
【答案】D
【解析】空格前后都是完整的句子，空格处缺定语从句引导词，由此首先排除（A）和（C）。但是到底是选择B还是D，则看从句，从句是完整的句子，那么一定选择D, 关系代词which 前应该有介词。
3. Emily Dickinson's garden was a place_________great inspiration for her poems.
A. that she drew
B. by drawing her
C. from which she drew
D. drawn from which
【答案】C
【解析】如果选项中出现“介词+which”或者“in that”，那么首先考虑这个选项，如果后面使用的是完整的句子结构，那么这个选项就一定是答案。首先看选项C, “介词+which”, 而后面是she drew great inspiration for her poems.是一个完整句子，那么选项C就是答案。
4. The factory was built in a secret place, around _________ high mountains.
A. which was
B. it was
C. which were
D. them were
【答案】C
【解析】around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数was。
5. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _________ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. what
【答案】C
【解析】容易误选B，认为around 是介词，选which 用以代替前面的名词hospital，在此用作介词around 的宾语。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选C 的理由是：句中的around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？
6. David is such a good boy _________ all the teachers like.
A. that
B. who
C. as
D. whom
【答案】C
【解析】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的that，便认为这是考查such …that …句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such …that …(如此……以至……)结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入such …that …，句末的动词like 缺宾语。选C的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词boy，同时as 在定语从句中用作动词like 的宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词as 来引导，而不用that。比较下面一题，答案为A，因为like 后有自己的宾语him：
David is such a good boy _________ all the teachers like him.
A. that
B. who
C. as
D. whom
7. The buses, most of _______ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.
A. that
B. it
C. them
D. which
【答案】D
【解析】容易误选C，用them 代指the buses。最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 为非限制性定语从句，修饰the buses。
8. He had a lot of friends, only a few of _________ invited to his wedding.
A. whom
B. them
C. which
D. who
【答案】B
【解析】容易误选A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词invited 并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在invited 前加上助动词were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A。
9. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents seated together joking.
A. their
B. whose
C. which
D. that
【答案】A
【解析】容易误选B，认为这是非限制性定语从句。最佳答案是A。their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词seated 不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为seat 作动词用时，是及物动词。
10. If the man is only interested in your looks, _______ just shows how shallow he is.
A. as
B. which
C. what
D. that
【答案】D
【解析】容易误选A或B，误这是非限制性定语从句。正确答案为D，注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情况，用作主句的主语。
状语从句
1、_________，he is ready to accept suggestions from different sources.
A.Instead of his contributions
B.For all his notable contributions
C.His making notable contributions
D.However his notable contributions
【答案】B
【译文】尽管他作出了令人瞩目的贡献，但还是乐于接受来自不同方面的意见。
【解析】for all常用来引导让步性短语，表示“尽管...，虽然...”。由于介词短语作让步状语可放于句首，故选项B为正确答案。
2、Come and see me whenever__________.
A.you are convenient
B.you will be convenient
C.it is convenient to you
D.it will be convenient to you
【答案】C
【译文】方便时就来看我。
【解析】whenever引导的时间状语从句，用一般现在时表将来；同时表示“你方便时”英语中说when it is convenient to you，而不是when you are convenient。故选项C为正确答案。
3、Much as __________ , I couldn't lend him the money because I simply didn't have that much spare cash.
A. I would have liked to
B. I would like to have
C. I should have to like
D. I should have liked to
【答案】A
【译文】尽管我非常乐意借钱给他，但我当时确实没有那么多的多余现今，所以没能借钱给他。【解析】as在此句中引导让步状语从句，需要倒装。根据句意，从句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以谓语要用would have。
4、Pop music is such an important part of society _______ it has even influenced our language.
A．as B．that C．which D．Where
【答案】B
【译文】流行音乐是社会很重要的一部分，甚至影响到了我们语言。
【解析】考查结果状语从句。空格后的句子表结果，与前面的such连用引导结果状语从句，故选B。such…as表示“像……样的”，as用作关系代词时，引导定语从句，如：He is not such a fool as he looks．（他并不像他看起来那么傻。）
5、Just as the builder is skilled in the handling of his bricks，___ the experienced writer is skilled in the handling of his words.
A．as B．so C．thus D．Like
【答案】B
【译文】就像建筑工人善于垒砖一样，有经验的作家也善于使用词汇。
【解析】考查方式状语从句。just as…so表示“就像……一样，……也”，just as引出表对比的从句，主句要用so与之呼应。故选B。
6、_________ I love you, I should never consider marrying you.
A．Whether B．Also C．However D．Much as
【答案】D
【译文】虽然我很爱你，我并不打算跟你结婚。
【解析】考查as引导的让步状语从句。as引导让步状语从句，必须将从句的表语、状语置于as之前，故选D。
7、He had hardly finished the article ________ the light went out.
A．as B．until C．than D．when
【答案】D
【译文】他刚写完文章，灯就熄了。
【解析】考查时间状语从句的用法。表示“一（刚）……就……”的固定结构有no sooner…than…，hardly…when…以及as soon as…。根据句中的hardly，可知应选D。
8、While driving along the treacherous road,___________.
A. my right rear tyre blew out
B. my right rear tyre had a blowout
C.I had a blowout on my right rear tyre
D. I had my right rear tyre blowout
【答案】C
【译文】当我在险峻的山路上驾车急驰时，车的右后胎爆了。
【解析】此句为一个带有时间状语从句的主从复合句。在英语中，由while, when等引导的时间状语从句，如果其主语与主句中的主语相同，从句中的主语可以省略，而只剩下分词短语。驾车的应该是人，所以只能从C)和D)选，而D)的意义不符，所以选C)。
9、_________ before, his first performance for the amateur dramatic group was a success.
A. Though having never acted
B. As he had never acted
C. Despite he had never acted
D. In spite of his never having acted
【答案】D
【译文】虽然他以前从未表演过，但他为业余剧团做的首次表演还是很成功。
【解析】in spite of意为“尽管，虽然”，后接名词或名词性短语，引导出来状语。选项A)没有主语或逻辑主语，选项B)是原因状语从句，选项C)的despite不能引导状语从句，因为它是介词。
10、More and more advanced farm machines ________ , the agricultural production increased tremendously.
A. using
B. having used
C. having been used
D. to have been used
【答案】C
【译文】由于使用了越来越多的先进农业机械，农业产量大幅提高。
【解析】本句的原因状语采用现在分词表示独立主格结构，由于主句和从句的主语不一致，故在作状语的现在分词之前加了其逻辑主语more and more advanced farm machines ;从时间上看，产量的提高发生在使用先进机械之后，所以需要用完成时，而且必须构成被动语态才能够阐述所要表达的意思。
主谓一致
1. More than one student________ ever been to the Great Wall.
A．have B．has C．had D．was
【答案】B
【译文】不止一个学生曾经去过长城。
【解析】考查主谓一致。more than one从意义上看，表示复数，但用作主语时，谓语用单数。故选B。
2. Whether or not the next plan will yield any positive results ________ to be seen.
A．remain B．remains C．is remained D．have remained
【答案】B
【译文】下一个计划能否产生积极的效果还有待验证。
【解析】whether引导名词性从句作主语，谓语动词应为单数。另外，remain一般不用被动式，所以B 为正确选项。
3. The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as _______ its soil and the water of its lakes, rivers and oceans.
A．are B．is C．do D．has
【答案】A
【译文】正如大气是地球的一部分一样，土壤、湖泊、河流和海洋的水也是如此。
【解析】考查主谓一致。句子后半句是倒装句，主语是复数its soil and the water of its lakes，rivers and oceans。因为较长，所以后置，故选A。
4. The United Nations ____ trying to find a better way to bring the two parties together.
A. is
B. are
C. be
D. being
【答案】A
【译文】联合国正在寻求更有效的方法来调停双方。
【解析】主谓一致题，要求考生掌握：专有名词要用单数。专有名词和不可数名词的谓语一律用单数。前者指人名、地名、国家名、城市名、书名、机构名或重大事件；后者又可分为物质和抽象名词两大类。
5. The teacher together with the students_________discussing Reading Skills that ________ newly published in America.
A. are; were
B. is; were
C. are; was
D. is; was
【答案】D
【译文】老师和学生正在讨论在美闻刚刚出版的《阅读技能》这本书。
【解析】作主语的名词后有“together with + 名词”短语时，谓语动词与主语一致，不受together with 短语的影响；Reading Skills是专有名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故选D。
6. Nobody but doctors or nurses and those _________by Dr Zhang ___________to enter the Patient's room.
A. invited; is allowed
B. are invited; are allowed
C. is invited; is allowed
D. invited; are allowed
【答案】A
【译文】除了医生、护士和张医生邀请的那些人以外，任何人不能进病人的房间。
【解析】those与invite是被动关系，且由句子结构分析第一空应为非谓语动词，故用过去分词作定语；第二空是句子的谓语动词，其单复数由but前的词决定，nobody作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，故选A。
7. Last year the majority of the students in our class ________ satisfied with the condition.
A. were
B. was
C. had been
D. has been
【答案】A
【译文】去年我们班的大部分学生都对条件很满意。
【解析】“the majority of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由of后的名词的单复数决定，题中是students, 所以用复数形式；be satisfied with sth. “对某事满意”，且是过去的一种事实，所以用were。
8. —How can we enter that strange house?
—Oh, it's not difficult. Look, there_______a front and a back entrance _________the house.
A. is; to
B. are; to
C. is; for
D. are; for
【答案】A
【译文】“我们怎么才能进入那个奇怪的屋子？”“噢，不难。看，那儿有一个前门和一个后门通向这间屋子。”
【解析】there be句式中的be动词的形式取决于与be最邻近的主语。此处谓语动词应与a front entrance 保持一致；entrance要与介词to搭配，表示“到……的入口”。
9. This pair of scissors ________to the tailor.
A. is belonged
B. are belonged
C. belongs
D. belong
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致及动词的用法。this pair of scissors是一把剪刀，这里表示整体所以用单数，排除B、D项。belong无被动语态，故选C。
10. —Mr Smith, I can't go on with my reading.
—I've already told you that the last three parts of the article _________the most difficult to understand. A. is B. are C. had been D. were
【答案】B
【译文】“史密斯先生，我读不下去了。”"我已经跟你说过了这篇文章的最后三部分是最难理解的。”【解析】根据语境，“文章的最后三部分难懂"是客观事实，用一般现在时态，主语是parts, 谓语动词用复数，故选B项。
专四词汇语法练习（39） 1. As, after his death, he defeated the forces of injustice,____the position in art that had been kept from him during his life. A. so did he gain B. so he gained C. and he gained D. and gained 2. He thought he had lost his ____for good. However, he found his pillow already taken by the dog when he entered the room. A. beautiful yellow little dog B. yellow beautiful little dog C. little yellow beautiful dog D. beautiful little yellow dog 3. In 1900, the place where he had been buried was finally discovered, marked only by ____, with even a simple stone. A. the 61 number B. the number 61st C. the number 61 D. a 61 number 4. More than a year later he arrived back in America____. A. ill, tired and unhappy B. with ill, tired and unhappy C. felt ill, tired and unhappy D. he felt ill, tired and unhappy 5. She possessed a quick mind, a sharp tongue and ____a strong will. A. above all B. first of all C. most of all D. moreover 6. “You know so much about literature. It’s a pity you failed your degree,” Harry said, “You ____ a good teacher.” A. would have been B. can have been C. must be D. should have been 7. ____scientists thought the Red Planet was as lifeless as the Moon with dust swirling over vast sandy deserts. A. To begin with B. Beginning with C. It was begun with D. While beginning with 8. The girl always says to her boyfriend, “I do wish you____so much.” A. haven’t smoked B. aren’t smoking C. didn’t smoke D. don’t smoke 9. Since 1970, millions of enthusiasts ____ a substance which they believe can remedy the common cold — Vitamin C.
词汇专项训练 第1套 1. As Kara happily flipped through her college catalogues, her parents looked on in dismay, mentally calculating the total＿costs. A. faire B. wage C. tuition D. fee 2. 1 attribute her success in science＿the encouragement she received from her parents. A. on B. to C. with D. into 3. Even when it was＿for her to keep her mouth shut, she was always ready with a retort. A. advised B. advisable C. advisory D. advising 4. It is difficult to believe the newspaper accounts of the dots because of the way some reporters distort and＿the actual events. A. exaggerate B. enlarge C. widen D. overtake 5. Over the last fifteen years, running has become a popular＿for 30 million participants of all ages. A. fantasy B．pastime C. symposium D. penalty 6. In her hometown, she was a big fish in a small＿，but after she moved· to New York, she was just only one among many millions. A. pond B. sea C. ocean D. lake 7. Although he thought he was helping us with the job, he was only＿． A. in a way B. in the way C. on the way D. by the way 8. Because these lines are taken out of context, they do not＿the message the author intended. A. convert B. transfer C. exchange D. convey 9. Inability to relax, to＿a problem, often prevents its solution. A. let off on B. let up on C. let go of D. let down in 10. Try to be＿in your eating this holiday season; if you control your appetite, you won't gain too much weight. A. temperate B. terminal C. tranquil D. tender 11. Spanish women＿just 4.1％of corporate boards, according to a study by the European Professional Women's Network. A. make off B. make for C. make out D. make up 12. If you don't eat a more＿dinner, you'll be hungry later on. A. vast B. considerable C. resourceful D. substantial 13. On our vacation we＿an interesting antique store. A. chanced upon B. concentrated upon C. counted upon D. congratulated upon 14. Now, there's absolutely no question in any objective observer's mind that entry to Oxford and Cambridge is＿competitive. A. finely B. firmly C. fiercely C. flexibly 15. The new Lenovo laptop with the butterfly keyboard and the built-in FAX modem is a pretty _____machine. A. profound B. significant C. fundamental D. sophisticated
专四词汇语法练习（24） 1. If only the arbitration court __A__ the dispute. A. resolve B. will resolve C. can resolve D. would resolve 1．A) 【句意】但愿仲裁庭解决这些争议。 【难点】If only意为“只要，但愿”，后边引出的句子往往用虚拟语气，表示与将来事实相反或将来不可能发生的事情时谓语通常采用(should)+动词原形。 2. I advise you __B__ of ____out such a dangerous plan. A. to stop to think... carry B. to stop thinking... carrying C. to stop thinking... carry D. to stop thinking... to carry 2．B) 【句意】我建议你不要想着去执行这样危险的计划。 【难点】advise 一般用于句型“advise(sb)that 或advise sb to do sth，意为“建议…做”。stop 后跟动名词或名词时，意为“不再做某事，停止正做的事”。如果stop后跟动词不定式，则表示停止一件事情而开始做另一件事情。 3. She bought _A__plates. A. one dozen beautiful pale blue dinner B. one dozen pale blue beautiful dinner C. beautiful one dozen pale blue dinner D. one dozen dinner beautiful pale blue 3．A) 【句意】她买了十二个漂亮的浅蓝色餐碟。 4. More and more advanced farm machines __C__ , the agricultural production increased tremendously. A. using B. having used C. having been used D. to have been used 4．C) 【句意】由于使用了越来越多的先进农业机械，农业产量大幅提高。 【难点】本句的原因状语采用现在分词表示独立主格结构，由于主句和从句的主语不一致，故在作状语的现在分词之前加了其逻辑主语more and more advanced farm machines ;从时间上看，产量的提高发生在使用先进机械之后，所以需要用完成时，而且必须构成被动语态才能够阐述所要表达的意思。 5. I think you are supposed __B__ your graduate study last year. A. to be finishing B. to have finished C. to finish D. to have been finished 5．B) 【句意】我认为你去年就应该完成研究生学业。 【难点】be supposed to 相当于should，后跟完成时，表示一种与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。 6. The paper ____ several persons are risking their lives is an important report on missiles. A. after which B. for which
历年(1994-2012专四语法词汇题汇总及答案附 714 道词汇模拟题2012 年 51.Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT A.Twenty miles seems like a long walk to him.B.No one except his supporters agree with him.C.Neither Julia nor I were going to the party.D.Few students in my class are really lazy.52.Which of the following determiners限定词can be placed before bothsingular count nouns and plural count nouns A.many a B.few C.such D.the next 53.Which of the following reflexive pronouns 反身代词is used as anappositive同位语A,He promised himself rapid progress.B.The manager herself will interview Mary.C.I have nothing to say for myself.D.They quarreled themselves red in the face.54.My boss ordered that the legal documents ____ to him before lunch.A.be sent B.were sent C.were to be sent D.must be sent 55.Which of the following sentences expresses WILLINGNESS A.By now she will be eating dinner.B.I shall never do that again.C.My brother will help you with the luggage.D.You shall get a promotion.56.Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT A.How strange feelings they are B.How dare you speak to me like that C.What noise they are making D. What a mess we are in 57.which of the italicized parts functions as a subject A.We never doubt that her brother is honest.B.The problem is not who will go but who will stay.C.You must give it back to whoever it belongs to。 D.It is clear that the crime was done deliberately.58.which of the italicized parts functions as an object A.He doesn’t like the idea of my speaking at the meeting.B.It is no use your pretending not to know the matter.C.My parents strongly object to my going out alone at night.D.Her falling into the river was the climax of the whole trip.59.All the following sentences have an appositive EXCEPT A.She bought herself a pair of new shoes.B.Only one problem still remains-the food.C.My friends all understand and support me.D.She liked her current job,teaching English.60.Which of the following best explains the meaning of“Shall we buy the tickets first” A.He said that we were going to buy the tickets first.B.He requested that we buy the tickets first.C.He suggested that we buy the
专四词汇语法练习（25） 1.She never laughed,____lose her temper. A.nor she ever did B.or she ever did C.or did she ever D.nor did she ever 2.____with the developed areas,people’s living standard of this province is not high at all. https://www.doczj.com/doc/3b8375535.html,pare B.While comparing C.When compared https://www.doczj.com/doc/3b8375535.html,paring 3.It is no use____me not to worry about his injury. A.you tell B.your telling C.for you to have told D.having told 4.If the earth suddenly____spinning,we would all fly off it. A.had stopped B.stopped C.has stopped D.would stop 5.Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication _____the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered. A.in that B.in which C.in order that D.in the way 6.After taking office,China’s Prime Minister,Zhu Rongji,tried his best to promote the new____policies. A.economic B.economical C.economy D.economics 7.Look at these clouds.____. A.It will rain B.It’s going to rain C.It will be raining D.It is to rain 8.____the1500’s____the first Europeans explored the coast of California. A.It was not until/then B.It is not until/when C.It is until/that D.It was not until/that 9.____the letter,I ran out of the room to the post office. A.Finishing B.No sooner that I had finished up
英语专业四级语法词汇练习题（6） 所属：专四专八阅读：1021 次评论：7 条[我要评论] [+我要收藏] 有关否定 1)双重否定最常见的形式有： no(not)...but...没有……不…… no(not)...without...没有……不，除……不 no(not)...unless没有……就不…… not...until直到……才…… 例如：There is no one but knows it.没有一个人不知道此事。 2)can not与副词too,enough, sufficiently, over,too much等词连用时，意为“无论怎样也不过分”，“越…越”。例如： You cannot be too careful.你越仔细越好。 We cannot praise him too much.我们无论怎样赞扬他也不过分。 近义词辨析 break, crack, crush, shatter,break, smash 这组词均含有“打破”或“挤碎”的意思。 break 是这组词中最常用的，指使某件东西破碎。 If you break that vase, you’ll have to pay for it.如果打破了那只花瓶，你就得赔偿。crack 指打裂某物，但不一定打碎，因而通常不会成为碎片。 You may crack these nuts with a hammer.你可以用锤子把这些坚果敲开。 crush
强调挤压或踩的动作，毁坏程度取决于被压物的组织结构，或变形，或成小块，或可恢复原状。 To make wine, you first crush the grapes.若要造酒，需先将葡萄压碎。 shatter 打破某物，力大到使碎片飞出很远，常指整件东西完全被毁。 The explosion shattered most of the windows in the building.爆炸震碎了那座大楼 的大部分窗玻璃。smash 突出暴力，击打时动作较猛，被击打的东西往往完全报废。 He smashed the window with a brick.他用砖块击碎窗玻璃。 全真模拟试题 1. ____ native to North America, corn has now spread all over the world. A. In spite of B. That it is C. It was D. Although 2. Our civilization cannot be thought of as ____ in a short period of time. A. to have been created B. to becreated C. having been created D. beingcreated 3. We feel it is high time that the Government ____something to check the inflation. A. did B. do do D. would do 4. It has been proposed that we ____ our decision until the next meeting. C. can delay D. are to delay 5. Hurricanes are severe cyclones with winds over seventy-five miles an hour____ originate over tropical ocean waters. A. which B. who to 6. ____ is announced in the papers, our country has launched a large-scale movement against smuggling and fraudulent activities in foreign currency exchange deals.
Test Three 关于dare的意义和用法 作为情态动词表示“胆敢”，dare通常只用于否定陈述句和疑问句。例如： How dare he s dare作为情态助动词没有过去式形式，其否定式为daren’t，既可指现在时间，也可指过去时间。例如：Tom wa dare还可用主动词，随后的不定式可带to,也可不带to。例如： He does 近义词辨析 bes 这组词均含有“除…外”的意思。 besides “除…外，还有…”，指更进一步的拥有，包括所“除”事物在内。 Have you got any clothes besides these?除了这些衣服你还有别的吗 but不包括所引事物在内，多与nothing, not anything, nobody, nowhere, all, anybody 等连用。 He has nobody but himself to blame for that.那件事他没法指责别人，只能怪他自己。 except不包括所引事物。常与no, none, nothing等否定词或all,everyone, everything 等连用，但不可用于句首。 They all went to the Summer Palace except one.除一人之外他们都去了颐和园。 except for常指除去所引情况让人稍感遗憾之外，整体情况尚属理想，被除去的 事物与正在谈及的事物之间不具有共同属性或性质。 The roads were clear except for a few cars.除几辆小汽车外，路面很空旷。 全真模拟试题 1. The bank is reported in the local newspaper ______ A. to be robbed B. robbed C. to have been robbed 2. ______before, his first performance for the amateur dramatic group was a A. Though having never acted B. As he had never acted C. Despite he had never acted D. In s 3. By the middle of the 21st century, the vast majority of the world’s population ______ in citie A. are living C. have lived D. will 4. Mr. Milton prefers to res shonest bus A. than take B. than to take C. rather than take 5. No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything ______ going A. it is B. as is C. there is D. 6. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _____ a sudden
专四词汇语法练习（19） 1. Everyone in the family bullied her and made her do all the chores, she was indeed __B__. A. Ciderella B. a Cinderella C. the Cinderella D. that Cinderella 1. B) 【句意】家中的每个人都欺侮她，叫她做所有的家务，她真是个灰姑娘。 【难点】Cinderella源于童话《灰姑娘》,现已成为专有名词。 2. Air is to us __C__ water to fish. A. like B. as C. what D. that 2．C) 【句意】空气对于我们来说就像水对于鱼一样。 【难点】固定句型A is to B what C is to D. 3. __A__ troublesome the problem is, he faces it with patience. A. However B. No matter C. Despite D. Although 3．A) 【句意】无论问题多么麻烦，他都耐心地去面对。 【难点】however=no matter how, 意为“不管…”。 4. Peter became angry and said that _D__. A. he was tired to listen to them B. the listening to them was tired for him C. he was tiring listening to them D. he was tired of listening to them 4．D) 【句意】彼得非常生气，并说他很讨厌他们说话。 【难点】sb be tired of doing sth意为“某人厌倦做某事”。 5. Weather __D__, the picnic will be held as scheduled. A. permits B. should permit C. will permit D. permitting 5．D) 【句意】若天气允许的话，野餐将如期进行。 【难点】“Weather permitting”作为独立结构，意为“如果天气允许的话”，也可以用“if weather permits”。 6. We regret __B__ you that your subscription is overdue. A. informing B. to inform C. being informed D. to be informed 6．B) 【句意】我们很遗憾地通知你，你的订单已经过期。 【难点】“We regret to inform you”意为“我们很遗憾地通知你”。 7. __D__ you are a college teacher, you probably have to take your holidays in July and August. A. Since that B. Since now C. By now D. Now that 7．D) 【句意】既然你是个大学老师，你大概不得不在七、八月份休假。
2020届英语专四专八语法与词汇练习题 （后附详细答案） Flight simulator （飞行模拟器）refers to any electronic or mechanical system for training airplane and spacecraft pilots and crew member by simulating flight conditions. The purpose of simulation is not to completely substitute （1）_____ actual flight training but to thoroughly familiarize students with the vehicle （2）_____ before they （3）_____ extensive and possibly dangerous actual flight training. Simulations also is useful for review and for familiarizing pilots with new （4）_____ to existing craft. Two early flight simulators appeared in England within a decade after the first flight of Orville and Wilbur Wright. They were designed to enable pilots to stimulate simple aircraft （5）_____ in three dimensions：nose up or down；left wing high and right low，or vice versa；and （6）_____ to left or right. It took until 1929，however，for a truly effective simulator，the Link Trainer，to appear，devised by Edwin A. Link，a self-educated aviator and inventor from Binghamton，New York. （7）_____，airplane instrumentation had been developed sufficiently to permit “blind” flying on instruments alone，but training pilots to do so involved （8）_____ risk. Link built a model of an airplane cockpit equipped （9）_____ instrument panel and controls that could realistically stimulate all the movements of an airplane. Pilots could use the device for instrument training，manipulating the controls （10）_____ instrument readings so as to maintain straight and level flight or （11）_____ climb or descent with no visual reference （12）_____ any horizon except for the artificial one on the instrument panel. The trainer was modified （13）_____ aircraft technology advanced. Commercial airlines began to use the Link Trainer for pilot training，and the US government began purchasing them in 1934，（14）_____ thousands more as World War II approached. Technological advances during the war，particularly in electronics，helped to make the flight simulator increasingly （15）_____. The use of efficient analog computers in the early 1950s led to further improvements. Airplane cockpits，controls，and instrument displays had by then become so individualized that it was no longer feasible to use a generalized trainer to prepare pilots to fly anything （16）_____ the simplest light planes. By the 1950s，the US Air Force was using simulators that precisely （17）_____ the cockpits of its planes. During the early 1960s （18）_____ digital and hybrid computers were adopted，and their speed and flexibility revolutionized simulation systems. Further advances in computer and （19）_____ technology，notably the development of virtual-reality simulation，have made it possible to （20）_____ highly complex real-life conditions. 1. A. for B. to C. with D. on
2008至2015年专四语法单选真题及句子结构汇总
2008-2013年专四语法句子结构成分真题集 II. 句子成分 【08年】 57. Which of the following is INCORRECT? A. All his lectures were boring. C. Her few friends are all fond of dancing. B. Half his money was gone. D. He invited many his friends to the party. 61. The following are all correct responses to "Who told the news to the teacher?" EXCEPT A. Jim did this. B. Jim did so. C. Jim did that. D. Jim did. 63. Which of the following adverbs can NOT be used to complete " _____ everybody came"? A. Nearly B. Quite C. Practically D. Almost 64. In "How much do you think he earns?" how much is ______ of the sentence. A. the subject B. the adverbial C. the object D. the complement 65. "The man preparing the documents is the firm's lawyer" has all the following possible meanings EXCEPT A. the man who has prepared the documents... B. the man who has been preparing the documents... C. the man who is preparing the documents... D. the man who willprepare the documents... 57. D. 本题是今年专四试卷中出现的新题型，对英语专业同学的语法知识提出了一个更高的要求。考查的是限定词位置的用法。英语中的限定词可分为前位限定词、中位限定词和后位限定词，一个名词前的限定词只能按照前位、中位、后位的顺序出现，其中两个前位或两个中位词不能同时出现在同一个名词前。many是后位限定词，而his是中位限定词，与限定词排序规则有悖，故D为答案。A选项中all是前位，his是中位，符合规则；B中half是前位，his是中位限定词；C中her是中位，few是后位限定词。 61. A. 对Who told the news to the teacher的标准回答是Jim did，即Jim did it的省略句。此外，还可以用其他代词指代问句中出现的内容，so和that都可以指代前
专四词汇语法练习（2） 1. How do you ____ for coming late for the meeting A) explain B) excuse C) describe D) account 2. The mother was so ____ at the news that she didn’t know what to do. A)admired B) amazed C) amused D) curious 3. He likes to listen to music with the radio turned on at full ____. A) power B) voice C) volume D) sound 4. The coach must take a large ____ of the blame for the failure of the football match. A) quantity B) number C) share D) amount 5. Although alone in the house, he was so busy with his research that he felt____ lonely. A) all but B) nothing but C) something but D) anything but 6. The introduction of modern technique from abroad makes it necessary for skilled workers to ____ unskilled workers. A) take place B) take over C) take down D) take the place of
专四词汇语法练习（13） A 1. A) 【句意】由于铝总是和其它元素结合在一起，最常见的是和氧气在一起，所以自然界中哪里也不会找到单独的铝元素。 【难点】owing to 是介词，后应接名词或动名词，根据题意，应接被动语态形式。 C C. what, which 2. C) 【句意】当今的物理就是以前被称之为自然哲学的等同物，大多数现代科学都产生于自然哲学。 【难点】what used to be called作定语，修饰natural philosophy,from which引导一个非限制性定语从句。 A A. should you B. you should C. shall you 3. A) 【句意】你决不应该把小孩一个人放在家里。 【难点】on no account 意为“决不”属否定意义的词，引导倒装句，所以只有A)项正确。 B B. That the su 4. B) 【句意】太阳系的中心是太阳而不是地球这一事实被中世纪的教会认为是异端邪说。 【难点】That引导主语从句，全句的谓语是was considered. 5. The reason that his property was confiscated by the country, it _D that he was 5. D) 【句意】后来证明他的财产被国家没收的原因是，战争期间他参与了诈骗活动。 【难点】it turned out (to be)这里作插入语，意为“证明是…”。 6. I’d r A 6. A)
【句意】我宁愿你乘火车去，因为天气预报说明天将有大雪。 【难点】would rather 后接虚拟语气的从句，用一般过去时。 7. Einstein won the Nobel Prize in 1921 and enjoyed great fame in Germany until the rise of Nazism _A___ he was expelled from Germany because he was a Jew. 7. A) 【句意】爱因斯坦于1921年获诺贝尔奖金，在德国享有盛誉。后来随着纳粹主义的兴起，他被逐出德国，因为他是个犹太人。 【难点】关系副词when引导的定语从句修饰名词词组the rise of Nazism。 8. Nowhere but in the remotest region of the country __A__find a place to set 8. A) 【句意】他只能在最遥远的地方找个安身之处。 【难点】Nowhere是否定副词，位于句首引导倒装句。 A 9. A) 【句意】在车祸中，他的一条腿骨折，他连走路都不行，更不用说跑了。 【难点】let alone意为“更不必说”；not to mention意为“再加上”；that is to say意为“也就是说”。 B C. Disgracing 10. B) 【句意】失宠后，她过着完全隐居的生活。 【难点】disgraced在这里是过去分词作状语，表示伴随状态。 C 11. C) 【句意】有时，公共汽车检票员上车查票。 【难点】bus conductor意为“公共汽车售票员”；agent意为“代理人，中介人”；officer意为“军官，官员”inspector意为“检查员，视察员”。 B 12. B) 【句意】他很快恢复了健康。 【难点】recovery意为“恢复，复苏”，后接介词from;relief意为“宽慰，安心”；relaxation 意为“放松”；survival意为“生存”。 C A. While B. Even though C. Now that 13. C) 【句意】既然考试的紧张已经过去，我们现在可以放松了。 【难点】now that意为“既然；由于”，用于新的事情的发生，接一般现在时的句子。while 意为“虽然”；even though意为“即使”，for意为“因为”，不能用于句首。