直接引语和间接引语（Direct Speech and indirect Speech) 1
直接引语：直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语。
间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。
间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。
直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。
例如：Mr Black said, “I'm busy” 布莱克先生说：“我很忙”（直接引语） Mr Black said that he was busy. 布莱克先生说他很忙。（间接引语）1、直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语
中常省略），从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相
应变化。在这一方面，汉语和英语有许多相似之处，因此，在做直接引语和间
接引语转换练习时，要特别注意句子的意义。
1）人称的变化
a) He said, “I like it very much.”他说：“我非常喜欢它。”
He said that he liked it very much.他说他非常喜欢它。
b) He said to me, “I've left my book in your room.” 他对我说：“我
把书放在你的房间里了。”
He told me that he had left his book in my room.他告诉我他把书放在我的房间里了。
2）时态的变化如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从
句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。如主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句
的时态则无需变化。
时态的变化
例句直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时→一般过去时
He said, “I'm afraid I can't finish this work.”
He said that he was afraid he couldn't finish that work.
现在进行时→过去进行时
He said, “I'm using the knife.”
He said that he was using the knife.
现在完成时→过去完成时
She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”
She said that she had not heard from him since May.
一般过去时→过去完成
He said, “I came to help you.”
He said that he had come to help me.
过去完成时不变
He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”
He said that he had finished his homework before supper.
3)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化：
变化
例句直接引语
间接引语
this-that
这个-那个
She said, “Iwill come this morning."
She said that she would go that morning.
these-those
这些=那些
He said, "These books are mine."
He said that those books were his.
now-then
现在-那时
He said, "It is nine 0'clock now."
He said that it was nine 0'clock then.
today-that day
今天-那天
He said, "I haven't seen her today."
He said that he hadn't seen her that day.
yesterday-
the day before
昨天-前一天
she said, "I went there yesterday."
She said that she had gone there the day before.
tomorrow-
the next
(following) day
明天-第二天
she said, "I'll go there tomorrow."
She said that she would go there the next (following) day. here-there
这里-那里
come-go
来-去
注：（1）直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：He said, "Light travels much faster than sound."
He said that light travels much faster than sound.
(2)如果在当地转述，here 不必改为there,动词come 不必改为go. 如果在当天转述yesterday, tomorrow 等时间状语也不必改变。
直接引语变间接引语。见下表。
分类连接词例句注意事项补充说明
当直接引语为“陈述句”时连接词：that
（口语中常常省略）He says, “ I will go to the park tomorrow.”
--He says (that) he will go to the park tomorrow.
He said, “ I will go to the park tomorrow.”
--He said (that) he would go to the park tomorrow.
He said to me, “ you can help her.”
--He said to me (that) I could help her.. 1. 连接词：that
2. 人称：1主，2宾，3不变
3. 时态。 1. 黑体部分是连接词。斜体部分为间接引语部分。
2. 间接引语部分均为陈述语序。
3. 间接引语部分实际上是宾语从句，连接词之间的叫主句。
4. 当主句是一般现在时态，间接引语部分与直接引语的时态相同。
5. 当主句是一般过去时态，间接引语部分变为相应的过去时态。
当直接引语是“一般疑问句”时。连接词：
if或者whether.
可译为：是否He asked me, “Are you good at math?’
---He asked me if I was good at math.
He asked Amy, “ Do you love me?”
---He asked Amy whether she loved him.
He asks me, “Is she reading?”
---He asks me if she is reading. 1. 连接词：if , whether
2. 语序：改为“陈述语序”。
（去掉：Do, Does, Did
改变Are, Is, Will, Can…位置）
3. 人称：1主，2宾，3不变
4. 时态。
当直接引语为“特殊疑问句”时。连接词：
直接引语中的特殊疑问词。He asked his wife, “How are you?”
---He asked his wife how she was.
He asked me , “ What color do you like?”
---He asked me what color I liked.
He asks me, “ where will she go 3 days later.”
---He asks me where she will go 3 days later. 1. 连接词：特殊疑问词
2. 语序：改为“陈述语序”。
（去掉：Do, Does, Did
改变Are, Is, Will, Can…位置）
3. 人称：1主，2宾，3不变
4. 时态。
当直接引语为“祈使句”时没有连接词。用: ask(tell) sb. to do sth改写。或tell (ask) sb. not to do sth. 改写He said to Amy, “Be careful!”
--He asked Amy to be careful.
He shouted, “ Lily, Close the door.”
--He told Lily to close the door.
He said to me, “Don’t be late.”
--He asked me not to be late. 1. 不用连接词
2. 不改变时态。
3. 无须考虑语序
4. 人称：1主，2宾，3不变 1. 斜体部分为间接引语部分。
2.间接引语部分是动词不定式，在句中作宾语补足语。
重点概括：
直接引语变间接引语有着时态，人称，时间状语，地点状语的变化。
1.时态变化：
直接引语：一般现在时间接引语：一般过去时
直接引语：现在进行时间接引语：过去进行时
直接引语：一般将来时间接引语：过去将来时
直接引语：现在完成时间接引语：过去完成时
直接引语：一般过去时间接引语：过去完成时
2．人称变化：
She asked Jack，"Where have you been?"
She asked Jack where he had been．
3．指示代词的变化：
thisthat；thesethose
He said," These books are mine．"
He said that those books were his．
4．时间状语的变化：
nowthen；
todaythat day；
yesterdaythe day before；
tomorrowthe next day／the following day
My father said，“I worked here twenty years ago．"
My father said that he had worked there twenty years before．
5．地点状语的变化：
herethere
He asked me，“How can I get here?"
He asked me how he could get there.
直接引语变间接引语的句式变化：
1．陈述句：间接引语用that连接或that连接词省略。
2．一般疑问句：间接引语用if或whether, said改为asked,句子用陈述语序。
3．特殊疑问句：间接引语用原来的特殊疑问词引导，句子用陈述句语序。 4．语法知识归纳
直接引语的祈使句变间接引语的方法：
要将祈使句动词原形变为带“to”的不定式，并且在不定式的前面根据意思加上tell，ask，order等词，如果是否定式，不定式前面加"not"。
"Open the window," the teacher said to the boy．
The teacher told the boy to open the window．
"Tell him to come in," the boss said to the secretary．
The boss told the secretary to tell him to come in．
"Don't leave the door open," he said．
He told us not to leave the door open.
初中英语直接引语变间接引语练习题 一、将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词： 1. “I never eat meat.” he said.He said that ______ never ______ meat. 2. “I’ve found my wallet.” he said to me.He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet. 3. “I took it home with me.” she said.She said that ______ ______ _______ it home with her. 4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.” The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west. 5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.He ______ me that he ______ met the day ______. 6. “You must come here before five.” he said.He said that I ______ to go ______ before five. 7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.He said that he _______ bought the house 10 years _______. 8. “Did you see her last week?” he said.He ______ ______ I had seen her the week _______. 9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there. 10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother ______ ______ ______ found it. 11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _______ _______ _______been _______ days. 12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked ______ ______ knew where she ______. 13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said. He ______ the children ______ ______ making so much noise. 14. “Don’t tell him the news.” she said.She told me _______ ______ ______ him the news. 15. “Are you intested in this?” he said.He ______ ______ I was interestd in ______. 16. “I am having supper,” he said.He said that _______ _______ having supper. 17. “I’ve seen the film,” Gina said to me.Gina _______ me that she _______ _______ the film. 18. “I went home with my sister,” she said.She said that _______ _______ _______ home with her sister. 19. “Keep quiet, children.” he said.He _______ the children _______ _______ quiet. 20. “Don’t look out of the window,” she said.She told me _______ _______ _______ out of the window. 【参考答案】 1. he, ate 2. told, had, found, his 3. she, had, taken 4. rise, goes 5. told, had, before 6. had, there 7. had, before 8. asked, if [whether], before 9. told, could 10. how, she, had 11. where, I, had, those 12. if [whether], I, lived 13. told, to, stop 14. not, to, tell 15. asked, if [whether], that 16. he, was。在直接引语变为间接引语时，代词I要变为he；主句为过去时态，宾语从句通常要将时态往 后推一个，即现在进行时am having变为过去进行时was having。 17. told, had, seen。直接引语中的said to sb在变为间接引语时应改为told sb；现在完成时have seen改为过 去完成时had seen。 18. she, had, gone。直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词I 应变为she；一般过去时went改为过去完成时 had gone。 19. told, to, keep。如直接引语为肯定的祈使句时，在变为间接引语时，可使用ask [tell, order] sb to do sth这 一结构进行转换。 20. not, to, look。如直接引语为否定的祈使句时，在变为间接引语时，可使用ask [tell, order] sb not to do sth 这一结构进行转换。 二、将所给直接引语变为间接引语 1．He said: “I’ve left my book in my room.” 2．She said: “He will be busy.” 3．S he said to Tom, “Can you help me?” 4．She asked, “Is this book yours or his?” 5．The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?”
如何把直接引语转换为间接引语 引述别人的话时，一般采用两种方式：一是引用别人的原话，把它放在引号内，称为直接引语；二是用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内，称为间接引语。间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从句。直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。 1. 直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词that ．．．．引导，很多时候可省略that。例如： She said, "I am very happy to help you." →She said she was very happy to help me. She said, “I will go to Guangzhou tomorrow.” →She said that she would go to Guangzhou the next day/the following day. She said, “I have lived in Foshan for several years.” →She said that she had lived in Foshan for several years. She said, “ I am reading a book now.” →She said that she was reading a book at that time/moment. John said, “I am leaving for Paris on Wednesday” →John said that he was leaving for Paris on Wednesday. 2. 直接引语是一般疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether ．．．．．．．或if．．（是否）引导。先把直接引语变为陈述句语序，再放在whether或if后面。例如： He asked me, "Do you like playing football?" → →He asked me whether/if I liked playing football. He asked Mary, “Will you come to my birthday party?”
English Grammar ( The Third lesson) 直接引语和间接英语 引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：直接引述别人的原话，这叫做直接引语(direct speech)。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语(indirect speech)。一般地讲，直接引语前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号，而用宾语从句来表达。例如： Mr. Black said, “I'm busy.”布菜克先生说：“我很忙”。 Mr. Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生说他很忙。 二、直接引语是陈述句时 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。 1、人称的变化 He said , “I like it very much.” →He said _ very much. He said, “You told me this story.” →He said that this story. He said to me, “She’s left her book in your room”. He told me that left book in room. 2、时态的变化 （1）主句的谓语动词是一般过去时 直接引语间接引语
如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时,动词时态相应 变化表： He said, “I usually watch TV on Sunday.” →He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday. 1.He said, “I'm using the knife.”他说：“我正在用小刀。” →He said that he the knife.他说他正在用小刀。 2.She said, “I have not heard from him since May.” →She said that she from him since May. 3.He said ，“I came to help you.”他说：“我来帮助你。” →He said that he to help me.他说他来帮助我。 4.He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.” →He said that he his homework before supper. 5.Zhou Lan said, “I'll do it after class.” →Zhou Lan said that she it after class. 注意：直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。 The teacher said, “The earth is round. ” →The teacher said that the ea rth is round. （三 ）一般疑问句 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时(不变) 一般将来时 一般将来进行时 一般将来完成时
高中英语直接引语和间接引语用法讲解 一、概述 引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：直接引述别人的原话，这叫做直接引语(direct speech)。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语(indirect speech)。一般地讲，直接引语前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号，而用宾语从句来表达。 Mr. Black said, “I'm busy.”布菜克先生说：“我很忙”。（直接引语） Mr. Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生说他很忙。（宾语从句是间接引语） 从上例看来，直接引语改为间接引语时,除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外，还须对直接引语中的人称和时态进行相应的变化，如上例直接引语中的I改成了he, am则改成了was。现将由直接引语改为间接引语时应注意的问题,分述如下： 二、直接引语是陈述句时 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省去），that 从句之前用say、tell等动词，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。 1、人称的变化 直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化，把直接引语中的第一人称(如：I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。把直接引语中的第二人称(you，your，yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。直接引语中的第三人称(he，him，his，she，her，hers,it，its,they,their，theirs，them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。 He said , “I like it very much.” 他说：“我非常喜欢它”。 →He said that he liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。(I改为he, it不变) He said, “You told me this story.”他说：“你给我讲过这个故事。” →He said that I had told him that story.他说我给他讲过那个故事。(You改为I, me改为him, told 改为had told) He said to me, “She’s left her book in your room”.他对我说：“她把书放在你的房间里去了。”He told me that she had left her book in my room. 他对我说她把书放在我的房间里去了。（She’s→she had，her不变，your→my） 2、时态的变化 （1）主句的谓语动词是一般过去时 如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时,动词时态相应变化表： He said, “I usually watch TV on Sunday.”他说：“我常在星期天看电视”。 →He said tha t he usually watched TV on Sunday.他说他常在星期天看电视。 He said, “I'm using the knife.”他说：“我正在用小刀。” →He said that he was using the knife.他说他正在用小刀。 She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”她说：“自从五月份来我就没收到他的来信。”→She said that she had not heard from him since May. 她说自五月以来她就没收到他的来信。He said，“I came to help you.”他说：“我来帮助你。” →He said that he had come to help me.他说他来帮助我。 He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”他说：“晚饭前我己做完了作业。” →He said that he had finished his homework before supper.他说晚饭前他己做完了作业。 Zhou L an said, “I'll do it after class.”周兰说：“下课后我就去做。” →Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class.周兰说下课后她就去做。
英语什么是直接引语和间接引语 引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。 直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号“ “标出，叫做直接引语； 用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号这叫做间接引语，实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句（其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外，其转换后是不定式）。 一、如何变人称; 下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如： She said. "My brother wants to go with me." →She said her brother wanted to go with her.
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如： He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?" →He asked Kate how her sister was then。 “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需 要变化如： Mr. Smith said: "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker。 二、如何变时态： 直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。
现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如： 1) She said. "I have lost a pen." →She said she had lost a pen. 2) She said. "We hope so." →She said they hoped so. 3) She said. "He will go to see his friend。"→She said he would go to see his friend。 但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。 ①接引语是客观真理。
英语中直接引语变为间接引语的规则 在英语语法中，直接引语和间接引语之间的相互转换是个重点也是个难点。但是在初中英语考试中，通常考查直接引语变为间接引语。因此，我将这个语法知识点整理如下： 一，四种类型 1，直接引语为陈述句，变为间接引语时用that 引导，that 也可以省略。 2，直接引语为一般疑问句，变为间接引语时用if 或whether 引导，间接引语部分要用陈述句语序。 3，直接引语为特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时用原来的疑问词引导，间接引语部分要用陈述语序。 4，直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时要变为由动词不定式短语构成的复合结构。 二，三大变化 1，人称的变化：直接引语变间接引语时，人称的变化遵循“一主，二宾，三不变”的原则。“一主”指第一人称应改为与主句主语一致的人称；“二宾”指第二人称应改为与主句宾语一致的人称；“三不变”指第三人称保持不变。 2，时态的变化：直接引语变间接引语时，如果主句谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，间接引语的时态通常不变；若主句谓语动词是一般过去时，间接引语常变成相应的过去时态。即：一般现在时变为一般过去时；现在进行时变为过去进行时；一般将来时变为过去将来
时；一般过去时变为过去完成时；若转述的内容为客观真理，时态则不变。 3，根据需要的其他变化：指示代词有this变为that，these变为those 等；时间状语有today变为that day，yesterday变为the day before，tomorrow变为the next / following day，the day after tomorrow 变为two days later / in two days' time 等；地点状语有here 变为there 等；动词有come 变为go 等
直接引语和间接引语（Direct Speech and indirect Speech) 1 直接引语：直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语。 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。 间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。 直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。 例如：Mr Black said, “I'm busy” 布莱克先生说：“我很忙”（直接引语） Mr Black said that he was busy. 布莱克先生说他很忙。（间接引语）1、直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语 中常省略），从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相 应变化。在这一方面，汉语和英语有许多相似之处，因此，在做直接引语和间 接引语转换练习时，要特别注意句子的意义。 1）人称的变化 a) He said, “I like it very much.”他说：“我非常喜欢它。” He said that he liked it very much.他说他非常喜欢它。 b) He said to me, “I've left my book in your room.” 他对我说：“我 把书放在你的房间里了。” He told me that he had left his book in my room.他告诉我他把书放在我的房间里了。 2）时态的变化如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从 句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。如主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句 的时态则无需变化。 时态的变化 例句直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时→一般过去时 He said, “I'm afraid I can't finish this work.” He said that he was afraid he couldn't finish that work. 现在进行时→过去进行时 He said, “I'm using the knife.” He said that he was using the knife. 现在完成时→过去完成时 She said, “I have not heard from him since May.” She said that she had not heard from him since May. 一般过去时→过去完成 He said, “I came to help you.” He said that he had come to help me. 过去完成时不变 He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”
Exercise for Direct and Indirect Speech Class__________________ NO. _________________ Name_____________________ I. change the sentences( Direct speech to Indirect speech and vice versa) A)1. she said, “ I can’t stay long this morning.” ______________________________________________________________ 2. The doctor said to John, “ Y ou need plenty of rest.” _______________________________________________________________ 3. May told me, “ I will visit you tomorrow if I am free.” _______________________________________________________________ 4. She said she could wait for me till I finished my work. ______________________________________________________________ 5. “I will come home early tomorrow.” the man promised his daughter. _______________________________________________________________ 6. Simon told us he had visited that place five years before with his brother. ________________________________________________________________ B) 1. She asked me, “ Are the boys angry with you?” ______________________________________________________________ 2. Father asked me, “Did anyone call while I was out? _______________________________________________________________ 3. I wanted to know if the man was our new teacher. ______________________________________________________________ 4. I asked Mary if the dress suited her sister. ______________________________________________________________ 5. We asked the painter if we could borrow his ladder. _______________________________________________________________ 6. “ Has my car been repaired?” He asked the mechanic. ______________________________________________________________ 7. She asked me if it was still raining. _____________________________________________________________ C)1. I asked my brother, “ Where did you put the key?” ____________________________________________________________ 2. He asked me, “ When will you return?” ____________________________________________________________ 3. I asked the gardener, “ Why are you cutting the tree down?” _____________________________________________________________ 4. His father wanted to know where he had been. ____________________________________________________________ 5. “ Who is at the door?” She asked. ____________________________________________________________ 6. The teacher asked him, “ Where do you buy the book?” ___________________________________________________________ D) 1. “Don’t talk in the library.” The librarian told Sammy. ____________________________________________________________
高一英语直接引语和间接引语练习 2018.9 I. 请选出正确的答案： 1. “You’ve already got well, haven’t you?” she asked. →She asked ________. A. if I have already got well, hadn’t you B. whether I had already got well C. have I already got well D. had I already got well. 2. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?” →He asked me _________. A. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League member C. if I was a Party member or a League member D. whether was I a Party member or a League member. 3. He asked, “How are you getting along?” →He asked _______. A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting along C. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along 4. He asked me ________ w ith me. A. what the matter is B. what the mater was C. what’s the matter D. what was the matter 5. He said, “Don’t do that again.” He _____ me _______ that again. A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; don’t do C. told me; don’t do D. told me; not to do 6. Can you make sure ___________? A. that he will come here today B. when he will come here today C. will he come here today D. whether will he come here today 7. Do you happen to know ________? A. where is her addre ss B. in which place is her address C. what her address is D. the place her address is 8. Excuse me, but can you tell me ___________? A. where can I get to the library B. where I can get to the library C. how can I get to the library D. how I can get to the library
直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。 但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。①直接引语是客观真理。 "The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. →The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth ②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。 如：Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?“ →Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。 ③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。" →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。 ④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。 如：He said, "I get up at six every morning。“ →He said he gets up at six every morning。 ⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to，had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：Peter said. "You had better come have today。" →Peter said I had better go there that day。
直接引语和间接引语的相互转换 引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号“ ”标出，叫做直接引语；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号这叫做间接引语，实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句（其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外，其转换后是不定式）。那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句，转换为间接引语时，句子的结构，人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化，如何变化呢? 1、人称的转变 1）直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如： He said，“I am very sorry.” ——>He said that he was very sorry. 2）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称，如： “You should be more careful next time,” my father told me.——> My father told me that I should be more careful the next time. 3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如：She said to her son, “I'll check your homework tonight.” ——> She said to her son that she would check his homework that night. 4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如： He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?” ——> He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon. 总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。 2、时态的转换 直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下： 直接引语间接引语 一般现在时一般过去时 一般过去时过去完成时 现在进行时过去进行时 现在完成时过去完成时 过去完成时过去完成时 过去进行时过去进行时 一般将来时过去将来时 例如： “I am very glad to visit your school”, she said. ——> She said she was very glad to visit our school. Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music.” ——> Tom said that they were listening to the pop music. Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?” ——> Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV. He asked the conductor, “Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?” ——>
直接引语变间接引语练习题 1．He said: “I’ve left my book in my room.” 2．She said: “He will be busy.” 3．She said to Tom, “Can you help me?” 4．She asked, “Is this book yours or his?” 5．The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?” 6．The teacher said to the students, “Don’t waste your time.” 7．The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.” 8．The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.” 9．My father said, “Practice makes perfect.” 10．The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.” 11．He said, “We are still students.’ 12．He said to me, “I was born in 1978.” 13．The engineer said, “I was at college in 1967.” 14．He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.” 15．She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus. 16．Mr. Green said to them, “Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.” 17．He said, “We insisted that she start immediately. 18．She said, “He demanded that the girl leave at once.” 19．I said to him, “I have finished it.” 20．She said to us,“ I’ll come here tomorrow.” 21．“Where does your chemistry teacher live, Karen?” the young man asked. 22．“I have gained the first place in the mathematics competition,” the little boy said happily. 23．“Light travels faster than sound,” the physics teacher said to the boys and girls. 24．“Will you go to the concert with me this evening?” Mary asked me.
I.单项选择 ( ) 1. I asked him how much__________. A) does his new car cost B) did his new car cost C) his new car costed D) his new car cost ( ) 2. Do you know ____________. A) what he’s looking for B) what is he looking for C) what does he look for D) his is looking for ( ) 3. I’m not sure __________. A) what is his name. B) what his name is. C) his name is what D) what’s his name ( ) 4. I don’t know _________. A) where does he live B) where did he live C) where he lives D) he lives where ( ) 5. I didn’t know______________. A) what she said B) what did she say C) what she spoke D) what was she speaking ( ) 6. I don’t know__________. A) when he will come back B) when will he come back C) when does he come back D) when did he come back ( ) 7) Could you tell me where ________ now? A) you are living B) do you live C) you live D)did you live ( ) 8) He didn’t know _____he should go or not. A)if B) weather C) that D) whether II.填空 1. “I never eat meat.” he said. He said that ______ never ______ meat. 2. “I’ve found my wallet.” he said to me. He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet. 3. “I took it home with me.” she said. She said that ______ ______ _______ it home with her. 4. The teacher sai d, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.” The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west. 5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me. He ______ me that he ______ met the day ______. 6. “You must come here before five.” he said. He said that I ______ to go ______ before five. 7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said. He said that he _______ bought the house 10 years _______. 8. “Did you see her last week?” he said. He ______ ______ I had seen her the week _______. 9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.” He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there 10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?” He asked her mother ______ ______ ______ found it. 11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.