高中英语（人教版）Book4 Unit3 A Taste of English Humour
Grammar: V-ing 形式作定语、表语和宾语补足语
★学习目标
1■知识目标：掌握V-ing形式作定语、表语和宾语补足语的基本用法。
2.技能目标：在专项练习中灵活运用所学规则。
3.情感目标：通过学习V-ing形式作定语、表语和宾语补足语的基本用法,
让学生丰富句子内容，提高学生学习英语的兴趣。
★重点和难点
1.重点：V-ing形式作定语、表语和宾语补足语的基本用法；
2.难点：在做题中能够区分V-ing, done和to do .
V-ing形式作定语、表语和宾语补足语
探
'、V-ing形式作定语
1.单个v-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面。
①表示被修饰名词的用途或功能
a walking stick (=a stick for walking) 手杖 a reading room 阅览室
a washing machine 洗衣机游泳池 a swimming pool
②表示正在进行的动作
a slee ping child (= a child who is slee ping )正在睡觉的孩子正在升起的太阳a rising sun
2. V-ing短语作定语须位于被修饰的名词
后面。
The student making the ￡xperiment（=wboJs making
the exp eriment） is our monitor. 正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。
汉译英：正与老师谈话的人是我的叔叔。
The man sp eaking to the teacher is my uncle
3.注意：现在分词，过去分词和不定式做定语的区别是：现在分词表正在主动或进行
意义；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；不定式表示将要发生的动作。
3.作表语的V-ing 形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。
V-ing 形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但作表语的
-ing 形式也可
带有自己的逻辑主语，逻辑主语一般由形容词性物主代词或名词所有格来承担。
(1)What worries me most is her (Julia's) staying too late every night.
我担心的是她天天晚上熬夜熬得太迟。 (staying too late every night 的逻辑主语
是 Julia )
(2)The main problem is your not having practiced a lot.
主要的问题是你缺乏大量的练习。
(not having practiced a lot 的逻辑主语是
you )
三、V-ing 形式作宾语补足语
1. V-ing 形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，对宾语进行解释说明，表示一个正在进 行的主动性的动作，强调
一个过程或一种状态。其中，宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑 上有主动关系。 例: When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house.
a stranger 是 found 的宾语，standing in front of the house -是宾语补足语。
2.
能用V-ing 形式作宾语补足语的常见的几类动
词
：
⑴ 表示感觉和心理状态的动词：
(see, watch, notice, hear, feel, smell, look at, listen to,
observe, find )等动词 + sb. / sth. + doing sth.其中 doing sth.做宾补。
汉译英：
汉译英:
(1) 正在打篮球的男孩儿是汤姆
The boy playing basketball is Tom.
用过的书 used books 一颗倒下的树
a fallen tree
我很多工作要做。
I have a lot of work to do.
(3) 【考例】 There were some boys D near the window, so I couldn
't fall asleep.
A. to shout
B. shouted
C. shout
、V-ing 形式作表语
1.当表示主语的内容时，表语与主语可调换位置。
D. shouting
My favorite sport is swimming. = Swimming is my favorite sport. 汉译英：我的工
作就是照顾这些孩子。
My job is looking after the children.
2.当表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态
(V-ing
可调换位置。 相当一个形容词)时，表语与主语不
这个问题很令人困惑。
The p roblem is quite
puzzling / confusing.
C. interesting; tiring
D. interested; tired
我们听到隔壁一个女孩在唱歌。
We heard a girl singing in the next room.
他看见孩子们在院子里玩。
He saw the children playing in the yard.
(2)使役动词(常见的有 have, keep, get, leave, set, catch 等)+sb/ sth + doing sth (作 宾补)
6. There are lots of pl aces of interest D in our city.
8. As is known to us all, traveling is A , but we often feel ________________ when we are back from
travels.
A. interesting; tired
B. interested; tiring
汉译英：
我们让火整夜燃烧着。 We kept the fire burning all night long. 我很溃憾让你一直等着。
(3) see, watch, notice, hear, find
doing 表示动作正在进行，而 汉译
英：
I ' m sorry to havbeft you waiting.
等后跟doing 与do 的区别：
do 表示（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。
你听见有人在敲门吗? 你听见有人敲门了吗?
四、语法专练
Do you hear someone knocking at the door ? Do you hear someone knock at the door?
1. Tell Mary that there A. waiting
B. waited
C. waits
's someone for her at the door.
D. to wait
2. The A waiter came up to us and said, A. smiling
B. smiled
C. smile
"You are welcome. ” D. to smile
3. On festivals, the traffic p olice worked hard to kee p the traffic B smoothly.
A. run
B. running
C. to run
D. being run
4. Do you know the boy D
under the big tree?
B. lain
A. lay
5. I can hardly imagine P eter
C. laying
D. lying C across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
A. sail
B. to sail
C. sailing
D. to have sailed
A. needs rep airing
B. needing rep aired
C. needed rep airing
D. needing to be rep aired
7. There were some boys D near the window, so I couldn 'fall asleep. C. shout
A. to shout
B. shouted D. shouting
9. To learn English well, we should find oppo rtunities to hear English C as much as we can. A. speak B. sp eaking C. sp oke D. to sp eak 10. As the stone was too heavy to move, I left it C on the ground. A. laying B. lay C. lying D. lain 11. John s bad habit is D without thorough understanding. A. read B. being read C. to be read
D. reading
12. The next morning she found the man A in bed, dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying
13. Peopl e D in the city do not know the pl easure of country life. A. live B. to live C. lived 14. When he awoke, he found himself C by an old A. looked after B. be looked after C. being looked after D. be looking after 15. Sitting by her side, I could feel her heart C . A. beaten B. to beat C. beating 16. --Did you see the boys yesterday afternoon? --Yes. I saw them B the fence when I p assed. C. climbed D. to climb C_, the newly-elected p resident is having a hard D. living
woman.
D. to be beating
A. climb
B. climbing
17. With a lot of difficult p roblems time. A. settled B. settling 18. What worried the boy most was A. his not being allowed C. his not been allowed 19. P eter receive a letter just now A. to say B. says 20. The A boy was last seen A. missing; pl aying C. missed; pl ayed
C. to settle
D. being settled
A to visit his father is the hos pi tal. B. his not allowing D. his being not allowed
C_ his grandma would come to see him soon. C. saying
D. said
___ near the East Lake.
B. missing; play D. missed; to play
初中英语语法宾语从句讲解，专项练习及答案注意！宾语从句小口诀： 宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词； 主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制； 主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时； 陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether, 特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。 一、基本讲解 1 概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语) He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语) Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语) 2.连接词 (1) .陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that,口语中常常省略。 e.g, She told me (that) she would like to go with us. (2)以whether 或if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序 eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei . 注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用，但有些情况例外。 a. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if eg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the pinic. b. 引导词与动词不定式或not 连用时，只用whether. eg, Please let me know what to do next. Could you tell me whether u go or not? c. if当如果讲时，引导的是条件状语从句，这时不能用whether. (3).特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用陈述句语序。 E.g. Could you tell me what's the matter\wrong with you? 特殊情况：：当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词＋do you think＋陈述句语序。 3.宾语从句时态
宾语补足语总汇 六、具体说明： （一）副词作宾语补足语 I found him in yesterday. （二）常接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有：keep, make, find等。 如：We must keep our classroom clean. （三）常接名词作宾语补足语的动词有：call, name, make, think等。 如：We call them mooncakes. （四）常接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear, find, keep等。如：In the country, we can hear birds singing. （五）常接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有：keep, find, leave等。如：I left my pen on my desk at home. （六）不定式作宾语补足语 1. 常接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, tell, want, teach, wish等； 2. 接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear, make, let advise, allow, ask, beg, command, tell, invite, force, oblige, get, help, encourage, persuade, permit, remind, request, order, warn, cause等。如： I often see him play football. She often asks me to help her. We don't allow such things to happen again. Most of the parents agree to forbid their children to smoke. She asked me to answer the phone in her absence. Please remind me to leave her this note. She requested him to go with her. 3. 用不定式作宾语补足语的几种说明： ①help后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以带to也可以不带to。 如：I often help my mother(to) do some housework. ②在使役动词后作宾语补足语，不定式不带to。有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to，这些动词有：一感二听三让四观看。 一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to 三让：let, have, make 四观看：observe, see, watch, look at 这类动词有：make, let, have等。转为被动语态时，其后通常都用带to的不定式(have没有被动语态)。What would you have me do? 你要我做什么？She made him give up smoking. 她让他戒了烟。Let him do whatever he wishes to do. 他想干什么就让他干吧。 Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister.虽然经常是他弄哭小妹妹，但今天他却被小妹妹弄哭了 3. 掌握“使役动词have + 宾语＋过去分词”的几种含义 在“ hav e ＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词作宾语补足语，have 也可用get 。这一结构具有以下几种含义：
过去分词专题练习 I ?分析下列划线部分的用法(过去分词做定语，表语以及被动) 1. The excited childre n are ope ning their Christmas prese nts. 2. This supermarketis now closed 3. The blackboardwas broken by Tom. 4. She had aworried look on her face because she failed the exam. 5. He looked in terested in the idea I put forward. 6. The mach in eproduced last yea(二 which were produced last year) are very expe nsive. n . Fill the form with proper form.适当形式填空 1. The ani mal and pla nts that they found there were _________ (ast oni sh) 2. I was _________ (ast oni sh) to lear n that his long lost child had bee n found. 3. The __________ n ews made us ___________ .(disappoi nt) 4. The __________ mother went to visit Ein stei n. (puzzle) 5. Madame Curie foundhusband' d s ath ___________ .(shock) 6. I saw the boy very ___________ (excite) 7. _______ (en courage), the girl was determ ined to study harder and make greater progress. 8. Be brave. You look like a _________ bird (frighten)(惊弓之鸟) 9. The fierce lion looks _________ (frighte n). Keep away from its cage or it will attack you. 10. The look on her face was very __________ (con fuse). 川.Fill the form with V-ed 1. The book __________________ 一本农民写的书)is very popular. 2. The building ___________ 去年建的楼房)now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake. 3. The problem __________________ 在昨天会议上讨论的)was very difficult to solve. 4. The window ________________________ 被那个顽皮男孩打破的)is being repaired 5. The children ______________________ 昨天在医院检查的)were seriously ill. 6. The people ________________ 暴露在阳光下的)got sun bur nt. 7. The boy _________________________ 受至U老师严厉惩罚的)is now a college student. 8. The water _________________________ 送到他家的水)carried disease. 9. The English today is quite different from the English _____________ (300年前所说的). 10. Most of the artists ________________ 被邀请去参加聚会的)were from South Africa. 11. The students _________________ 受到老师鼓舞的)worked harder than ever before. IV .基础单选题 1. Mary is a new nurse and her job is to take care of the _______ s oldiers. A. wound B. woun ded C. wounding D. being woun ded 2. Lily seems very much ________ in the magazine, but I think it 'tc s expensive. A. i nterested B. i nteresti ng C. to in terest D. to be in terest ing 3. All the passe ngers should remain ______ whe n the pla ne is maki ng a landing.
英语语法: 英语从句完全汇总 一.主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如： It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is +名词+从句 It is a fact that …事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) it is +形容词+从句 It is natural that…很自然… It is strange that…奇怪的是… (3) it is +不及物动词+从句 It seems that…似乎… It happened that…碰巧… (4) it +过去分词+从句 It is reported that…据报道… It has been proved that…已证实… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 (1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 (2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right) That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong) (3) It happens…, It occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right) That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong) (4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. (right) Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (wrong) (5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right) Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong) 4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语.宾语.表语，而that 则不
Contents 英语宾语补足语用法详解 (2) 一、概念 (2) 二、何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词作主语(宾语)补足语 (2) 三、可以用分词作主语或宾语补足语的动词 (3) 典例精析： (4)
英语宾语补足语用法详解 一、概念 分词作主语补足语和宾语补足语其实是同一成分用于两种不同的句式中。具体地说，主动态句子中的宾语补足语就是被动态句子中的主语补足语。先了解宾语补足语，则很容易了解主语补足语。 宾语补足语：在英语中，某些及物动词不仅需要宾语，而且还要求某个词或词组来补充说明宾语，即表示宾语代表的人或物所发出的动作或所处的状态，这个词或短语称为宾语补足语。有些语法书把宾语和补足语称为复合宾语。 句型：及物动词+宾语(n./pron.)+宾语补足语(n./adj./adv./to do/-ing/-ed/介词短语共7种表示法) 该句型若变成被动语态，即将宾语提到句首作主语，原主动语态中的宾语补足语此时在被动语态中起到补充说明主语的作用，所以改称主语补足语。例如： A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen. 此句中smoking是主语he的补足语，所以称为主语补足语。 二、何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词作主语(宾语)补足语 分词作主语(宾语)补足语时，若主语(宾语)与分词之间是主动关系，则用现在分词表示主动； 如果主语(宾语)与分词之间是被动关系，则用过去分词表示被动。例如： He was heard singing in the next room. He was singing.主语he与补足语“唱歌”之间是主动关系，故用现在分词singing。 One of the glasses was found broken. One of the glasses was broken.主语one of the glasses与补足语“打破”之间是被动关系，故用过去分词broken。 Don‘t leave the water running while you brush your teeth.
M5 u1 Grammar Past Participle (1) as the Attribute and Predicative Learning aims: Understand the usages of Past Participle (1) as the Attribute and Predicative Important point: using Past Participle (1) as the Attribute and Predicative Learning guidance: 阅读课本第5 页内容，自学《南方新课堂》，完成预习案 ［知识梳理］过去分词作定语和表语 1.过去分词概述：动词的过去分词也称为动词的ed形式，是非谓语动词形式之一。过去分词只强调被动 和完成的意义。
【合作探究】专题训练 Ⅰ.用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空 1．The ____________ (steal)bike was ____________(find) by the police yesterday. 2．The student ____________(dress) in white is my daughter. 3．The novel ____________(write) by him is very popular with the students. 4．The electric wire is __________(break)． 5．He became ____________(discourage) at the failure of the exam. 6．He is an ____________ (honour) teacher and we all like to attend his class. 7．The ______________(pollute) river should be protected from pollution. 8．The building ____________(build) now is our classroom building. 9．When we heard of the news，we were deeply ____________(move)． 10．They were ____________(frighten) to hear the ____________(frighten) sound. Ⅱ.补全句子 1．一座桥把这个岛屿与大陆连接起来,这个岛屿很容易过去。 The island,________________________________________________________________, is easy to go to. 2．从烹饪锅中救出的珍稀鱼已经被放回到了海里。 The rare fish，___________________________________________，has been returned to the sea. 3．于1911年创立的清华大学培育出了很多杰出而优秀的人物。 Tsinghua University,_______________________________________________,is home to a great number of outstanding figures. 4．预计从全国挑选出来的队员在今年夏天的比赛中会给我们带来荣誉。 The players_____________________________________________________ are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. 5．在四月份，成千上万的度假者因为火山灰云而滞留在国外。 In April，thousands of holidaymakers remained ___________________________________ due to the volcanic ash cloud. 6．怀特太太给她的学生们看一些从图书馆里借来的旧地图。 Mrs.White showed her students some old maps ______________________________________. 7．我打电话的目的是询问一下刊登在昨日的《中国日报》上的职位的问题。
初中英语语法宾语从句讲解 小口诀： 宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制； 主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述转化that引，一般疑问用if/whether, 特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。 一．基本讲解来源：直接引语变间接引语 概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 Eg: He said,“I am good at drawing”. He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语) 1.引导词 (1) that引导宾语从句时，通常用陈述句充当, that可省略。 Eg: She said,“I want to go there ”She said (that) she wanted to go there. (2) whether 或if 引导的宾语从句,由一般疑问句/选择疑问句充当，陈述语序。 Eg: “Are you interested in geography?” she said. She asked if/whether I was interested in geography. I wonder if /whether she has told the new to Li Lei . I’m not sure whether he will come or not. 注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用，但有些情况例外 a. 介词短语后只用whether 不用if eg: We are talking about whether we'll go on the panic. b. 引导词与动词不定式或or not 连用时，只用whether. eg:I can?t say whether or not he will come on time c. if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句，表示‘如果’，不能用whether. Eg: If you want to be a good teacher, it will take times. Whether you can succeed depends on how much effort you pay. (3).特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时，不可省略，陈述句语序。 特殊疑问词为：how , when, where, why ,which whose. E.g. …What do you want?? He asked. He asked me what I wanted. I have no idea where he is now. I don?t know how to deal with it. He asked whose handwriting is the best in the class. 2.宾语从句时态 a.主句为一般现在时，从句不受主句的限制 eg: Do you know if/whether he has seen the film? I?m sorry to hear that your father is ill. She says she is going to go to Beijing next week. He tells me that his sister came back yesterday. b.当主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的相应某种时态 She didn?t know why the boy was late again. (过去一般) I didn't know if/whether he had seen the film.（过去完成） I wondered when she was going to America.（过去将来） 注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如： Eg: He said （that the earth moves round the sun. / that light travels much faster than sound.）The teacher told us （seeing is believing.）
精心整理 宾语补足语讲解 一、定义：宾语补足语通常紧跟在宾语之后，对宾语进行补充说明。 二、句子结构是：主+谓+宾+宾补 三宾语补足语的词语形式有： 副词，形容，名词，介词短语，不定式(带to/不带to)，分词（现在分词/过去分词） 四、具体说明： （1）副词作宾语补足语如：Ifoundhim in yesterday. （2）形容词作宾语补足语如：Wemustkeepourclassroom clean. （3）名词作宾语补足语如：Wecallthem mooncakes. （4）介词短语作宾语补足语如：Ileftmypen onmydesk athome. （5）不定式作宾语补足语如：Sheoftenasksme tohelp her. Ioftenseehim play football. 用不定式作宾语补足语的几种说明： ①help后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以带to也可以不带to。 如：Ioftenhelpmymother(to)dosomehousework. ②在使役动词和感官动词后作宾语补足语，不定式不带to。这些动词有： 一感：feel；二听：hear,listento；三让：let,have,make四观看：observe,see,watch,lookat 如：I saw theboy climb thewall（过程） 如：Theboss makes theboy work dayandnight. 这类动词转为被动语态时，其后不定式符号to要重新加上去(注意have没有被动语态)。 Thoughhehadoften madehislittlesistercry,todayhe wasmadetocry byhislittlesister. 虽然经常是他弄哭小妹妹，但今天他却被小妹妹弄哭了 ③表示心理状态的动词（consider,think,believe,discover,find,imagine,judge,suppose,prove等）后接不定式tobe+形容词或名词"结构作宾语补足语。think,consider,find后的tobe常可省略。 如：Weconsiderhim(tobe)agoodteacher. 如：Heprovedthetheory(tobe)veryimportant. （6）现在分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系。如：Isawtheboy climbing thewall.（片 段） （7）过去分词作宾语补足语，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。 如：Isawanoldman knockeddown byacarjustnow. （8）“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如： 1、with+宾+形Helefttheroomwiththedoor open.方式 2、with+宾+副Withtheradio on,grandmasleptdeeplyinthechair.伴随 3、with+宾+过去分词Themanwsbroughtinwithhishands tied behindhisback.方式 4、with+宾+不定式Withthisbook tohelpyou,youcanfinishyourworkqickly.条件 5、with+宾+介词短语Themanleftthemeetingwithabook inhishand.伴随 6、with+宾+现在分词Shefellasleepwiththelightburning.伴随 宾语补足语练习题 1.Themanagerdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee thenextyear.(NMET2000) A.carryout B.carryingout C.carriedout D.tocarryout
概念引入 今天我们要学习过去分词作表语和定语的用法。先看下面这些句子： 1. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. (inspired过去分词作表语；exposed过去分词作定语) 2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. (terrified过去分词作定语) 3. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. (interested 过去分词作表语) 4. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. (affected过去分词作定语) 5. He was determined to find out why. （determined过去分词作表语） 6. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. (polluted过去分词作定语) 上面句子中的黑体词都是过去分词，句1（inspired）、句3、句5中的三个词跟在系动词became、was后作表语；而句1（exposed）、句2、句4、句6中的四个词放在名词前或后修饰名词，作定语。那么过去分词是什么？有什么作用？我们将在本单元和下两个单元中与同学们一起学习。 用法讲解 过去分词的作用 英语中动词如果不作谓语时叫非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为：不定式（to do）、动词-ing形式（doing）和过去分词（done）。 动词-ing形式可分为现在分词和动名词：现在分词强调动作，如a sleeping boy中的sleeping强调“睡觉”这一动作，而且此动作正在进行，与所修饰词boy有逻辑上的主谓关系（即sleeping的动作是boy做的），因此是现在分词作定语；而a sleeping bag中的sleeping强调功能，表示“用来睡觉的”，是动名词作定语。 过去分词多表示动作的被动和完成，但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作，而不表示“被 动”意义。 本单元主要学习过去分词作表语和定语。 1. 与助动词一起构成谓语：
宾语从句教学设计 一、导入 1.复习什么是宾语。动词/介词后面的名词就是宾语。 I play basketball. We are talking about our homework.. 2.宾语从句就是在宾语的位置上放一个完整的句子。 3.I love that I can earn some coupons. 板书：He knows me. He knows what’s wrong with his wife. 说出2个句子的宾语。 说出2个句子的宾语是词（词组）还是句子。 第一个句子的宾语是一个词构成的，第二个句子的宾语是一个句子，我们称这种做宾语的句子叫宾语从句。在句子中充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。其中he knows 叫主句，what’s wrong with him是从句。 说出下面4个句子的主句和从句。 A．He said that he had a very good journey home. B．He asked if /whether they had come. C．He told me that the earth goes around the sun. D．He asked me how he could get to the nearest post office. 总结：。。是主句，剩下的是由that，if，how引导的宾语从句。 初步认识了宾语从句，下面我们开始了解宾语从句的三要素 引导词（连接词） 语序 时态 1)从属连词that引导陈述句宾语从句，在口语或者非正式语中可以被省略 比如上面四句话中的A,C就是that引导的陈述句的宾语从句。如果省略掉that，该如何修改。（让学生口头修改） A．He said that he had a very good journey home. C．He told me that the earth goes around the sun. 2）由从属连词whether, if 引导一般疑问句的宾语从句，表示“是否”，比如上面的B就是由if引导的宾语从
宾语补足语讲解 一、定义 宾语补足语通常紧跟在宾语之后，对宾语进行补充说明。 二、句子结构是 主+谓+宾+宾补 三、两种结构 1. 主表型： 1) make our country beautiful (adjective) 2) call him Lao Li (noun) 3) find sb. out (adv.) 4) find sb. at home (Prep. phrase) 2. 主谓型： 1) ask sb. to do sth.（有to 不定式） 2) have sb. do sth. （无to 不定式） 3) see sb. doing sth. （现在分词） 4) have sth. done. （过去分词） 四、什么动词后可有宾语补足语 1. 在表示心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。这类动词有：consider, think, believe, discover, find, imagine, judge, suppose, prove等。这类动词后的不定式通常是"to be+形容词或名词" 结构，think, consider, find后的to be常可省略。 如：We consider him (to be) a good teacher.我们认为他是一个好老师。 He proved that theory (to be) very important.他证明那个理论是很重要的。 I thought her (to be) nice and honest the first time I met her. 我第一次见到她的时候就认为她人很好，很诚实。 2. 在表示情感状态的动词后作宾语补足语。这类动词有：love, like, prefer, hate, want, wish, expect等。 如：I'd prefer you to leave him alone.我希望你不要打扰他。 I don't want there to be any trouble.我不想有任何麻烦。 3. 注意：hope, demand, suggest等动词后面不能接不定式作宾语补足语。 如：I hope you can give me a hand. 我希望你能帮我一把。 I wish you to give me a hand. 我希望你能帮我一把。 He required us to be present at the meeting.他要求我们出席会议。 Mr Li suggested that she should not go there alone.李先生建议她不要独自去那里。五、可作宾语补足语的形式有 不定式，现在分词，过去分词，名词，形容，副词，介词短语都能作补语。 六、具体说明 （一）副词作宾语补足语 如：I found him in yesterday. （二）常接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有：keep, make, find等。 如：We must keep our classroom clean. （三）常接名词作宾语补足语的动词有：call, name, make, think等。 如：We call them mooncakes. （四）常接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear, find, keep等。
宾语补足语讲解 WTD standardization office【WTD 5AB- WTDK 08- WTD 2C】
宾语补足语（O b j e c t c o m p l e m e n t)用法归纳概念：英语中含有某些意义的动词跟了宾语后句子仍不完整，还须要一个补足成分，这种补足成分叫做宾语补足语。宾语补足语是句子的主要成分，这样的句型为：主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语。 由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语充当宾语补足语，用以说明宾语的类属、性质、状态等意义；由非谓语动词即不定式、现在分词、过去分词充当宾语补足语，用以说明宾语的动作。
宾语补足语使用注意事项： ①当感官动词和使役动词，如：see hear notice watch hear observe, listen to, feel(感官动词)make have let get(使役动词)接宾补时，不定式的符号to必须省略。但在被动语态中，动词后要加to。 主动语态：The policeman made him tell everything. 被动语态：He was made to tell everything by the policeman. ②感官动词see, hear, watch, notice, observe后面的宾语补足语既可跟不带to的动词不定式，也可跟现在分词，其区别在于前者表示“经常性的，习惯性的动作”，后者表示“正在发生的瞬间动作”。 I often hear her sing English songs in the room. Suddenly, Zhang Hua heard someone shouting “Fire! Fire!” ③在help后,不定式可以带to,也可不带。 Lucy often helps her brother (to) learn English. ④有些动词只能用现在分词作宾语补足语，如：keep, mind, prevent, stop。动词find, catch等的宾语可由现在分词作宾语补足语。
初中英语语法：宾语从句 考察的三个要点：语序，时态，关联词。 1.定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 2.构成：关联词+简单句。 3宾语从句的语序一定是陈述句语序。（who 作主语的从句本身就是陈述句语序） 4宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语，连接宾语从句的连词有 that（that在口语中常省略）。 whether，if，和连接代词what，which， who， whom及连接副词when， where， how， why。 He knew（that） he should study hard. 他知道他应该努力学习。 Can you tell me which class you are in？ 您能告诉我，您在哪一班吗？ He asked me if he could come in， 他问我他是否能进来。 5.引导宾语从句的关联词有三类： （1）从属连词that.如：一般那情况下能够省略。 He told us that he felt ill. I know he has returned. 注： that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都能够省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略。
1.Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened. （and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。） 2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. （that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。） 3.That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.（that从句位于句首时，that不可省略。） 我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。 （2）从属连词if/whether.如： I doubt whether he will succeed. I don’t know if you can help me. （3）连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever， whichever 连接副词 where，when，how，why. Who or what he was，Martin never learned. I wonder what he’s writing to me about. I’ll tell you why I asked you to come.
高考英语语法复习系列： 宾语补足语讲解及练习May 11, 2010 ★宾语补足语是位于宾语之后，说明宾语的状态、特征的成分，多由名词、形容词、副词、不定式，动名词和分词充当。宾语+宾语补足语=复合宾语 宾语补足语用法: 能带宾语补足语的动词一定是及物动词。有以下几类： 1．感觉动词，如：see, hear, feel, smell, watch, notice等，这类词所接的宾语补足语可以是-ing形式，也可以是动词原形。如：He heard a distant voice shouting. Did you see a car being driven away? 2．含使动意义的动词，如：let, have, get, make, would like, want这类词所接的宾语补足语多为动词原形或过去分词。如：We have just had the house repaired. You must get the car repaired. I want the work finished by January 1st. 3．含命名意义的动词，如：call, name, appoint, elect, make, consider等。这类词所接的宾语补足语一般是名词。如：Call me Joe, please. She was elected the president of the company. 这类结构和双宾语的结构有形似之处，要注意区别。如： They have made me the chairman. (宾补) They have made me a nice chair. (直接宾语) 4．结构中的动词，所接的宾语补足一般是不定式。常见的动词很多，如：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, force, get, help, inspire, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, teach, tell, train, want, warn, wish等。They asked me to tell you how much we appreciated your help. 5 有几个词的用法非常灵活，后面所接的宾补可以是形容词、副词、词组、现在分词、过去分词等。如：We found it very difficult to solve the problem. How can you keep them waiting for so long? ★常见的宾补形式 1. 名词做宾补 ⑴She found him a very clever boy. ⑵They named the child Jimmy. ⑶My mother looks so young that we would think her my sister. 【注意】用作宾语补足语的名词表示独一无二的职位、头衔、称谓时，其前不能用冠词。例如： In 1864 Lincoln was made President of the United States for the second time. The queen made him officer of the guard．John was elected Chairman of the students’union. 2. 形容词做宾补: He had a strange way of making his class lively and interesting. I found the movie very interesting. We found it important for children to follow the table rules. 3. 副词做宾补Last Sunday I saw you out with your sister. Have your shoes on. 4.介词短语做宾补:To her surprise, she found herself in a different world. I found everything in good condition. We thought the material of great importance. 5.动词–ing 形式作宾补 在see , hear , feel , watch , notice 等感观动词后可以用- ing 形式（即现在分词）做宾语补足语。这时- ing 形式和句子的宾语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，并且- ing 形式表示宾语正在进行的动作。 He saw a girl getting on the tractor. ( = He saw a girl and the girl was getting on the tractor. ) Do you hear someone knocking at the door? ①现在分词做宾补，注：现在分词做宾语补足语表示动作与谓语同时发生或正在进行，强调动作过程。I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.I could feel the cold wind blowing on my face. ②现在分词做宾语补足语时，与宾语有着逻辑上的主谓关系，宾语补足语一般为宾语所做的动作；过去分词做宾语补足语时，与宾语有着动宾关系，宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如： He saw an old man getting on the bus. I don’t want the children taken out in such weather. ③以上句子可以变为被动结构，这时，宾语补足语就成了主语补足语，与谓语一起称为“复合谓语”，如：We were kept waiting for quite a long time. She was never heard singing that song again. ④有些动词既可以用不定式作宾语补足语，又可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，有些动词只能用现在分词