动词ing 做主语、宾语
It took the workmen only two hours to finish _______ my car.
A. repairing
B. repair
C. to repair
D. repaired
2. Have you forgotten ___$1000 from me last month?
Will you please remember ____ it tomorrow?
A. borrowing; to bring
B. to borrow; bring
C. borrowed; bringing
D. borrowing; bringing
3. The classroom wants _____.
A. clean
B. cleaned
C. to clean
D. cleaning
4. Jack said that he wouldn't mind __for us.
A. to wait
B. wait
C. waiting
D. waited
5. My brother keeps ___ me with my work.
A. to help
B. help
C. helping
D. helped
6. We should often practice ___ English with each other.
A. to speak
B. spoke
C. speak
D. speaking
7. Keep on ____ and you will succeed.
A. a try
B. try
C. trying
D. trying
8. His parents insist on ___ to college.
A. he should go
B. he go
C. his going
D. him to go
9. The story was so funny that we ___.
A. couldn’t help laugh
B. can’t bu t laugh
C. couldn’t help laughing
D. couldn’t help but to laugh
10. Though it sounds a bit too dear (昂贵), it is worth ______.
A. being bought
B. buying
C. to buy
D. buying it
11. He devoted his life to _____ the atomic theory.
A. study
B. be studied
C. studying
D. have studied
12. We are both looking forward to __ next week.
A. going on vocation(休假)
B. go on vocation
C. be going on vocation
D. have gone on vocation
13. Y ou must pay attention to ___ the works of Lu Xun.
A. read
B. reading
C. reader
D. be read
14. Y ou should work tonight instead of _____ TV.
A. to watch
B. you watching
C. you watch
D. watching
15. The microscope is used for__ minute (微小的) objects.
A. examining
B. being examined
C. examined
D. examine
16. Mike has got used ___ up late at night.(stay up)
A. to sit
B. X
C. to sitting
D. sitting
17. Once the heart stops _____, death follows at once.
A. beating
B. to beat
C. being beaten
D. to be beating
18. We are now busy _____ for the examination.
A. to prepare
B. preparing
C. prepared
D. being prepared
19. I remembered ____ this person somewhere before.
A. seeing
B. having been seen
C. seen
D. to see
20. I regret ____ that to her.
A. having said
B. to have said
C. to say
D. /
21. The patient must be separated to avoid (避免) ____ others.
A. being infected(感染)
B. infecting
C. to infect
D. infected
22. Y our clothes need ______.
A. washed
B. to be washed
C. to wash
D. being washed
23. _____ provides us with essential nutrients (营养), while ______ provides us with oxygen.
A. To eat; breathing
B. Eating; to breathe
C. Eating; breathing
D. Eaten; breathed
24. He attended the party without___.
A. invited
B. inviting
C. having invited
D. being invited
25. By ____, water can be changed into gas.
A. heating
B. being heated
C. having heated
D. heated
26. On land many objects prevent sound _____very far.
A. to travel
B. travel
C. from travelling
D. to travelling
27. She returned home only to find the door open and something____ .
A. missed
B. to be missing
C. missing
D. to be missed
28. Remember__ the newspaper when you have finished it.
A. putting back
B. put back
C. to put back
D. be put back
29. Writing stories and articles __what I enjoy most.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
30. He was afraid ___for being late.
A. of seeing
B. of being seen
C. to be seen
D. to have seen
动词ing 做定语、表语
1.Will you attend the meeting ________ on Saturday?
A. held
B. being held
C. to be held
D. hold
2. The woman ____a lesson is our teacher.
A. giving
B. given
C. to give
D. give
3.The Olympic Games,___ in 776 B.C. did not include women players until 1912.
A. first played
B. to be first played
C. first playing
D. to be first playing
5. Did you attend the meeting ______yesterday?
A. to be held
B. having been held
C. held
D. being held
6. I borrowed a book ______ by Mark Twain from the library last week. I like it very much.
A. written
B. writing
C. was written
D. to write
综合：1.Cleaning women in big cities usually get ________by the hour.
A. pay
B. paying
C. paid
D. to pay
2.What he has done is really ____. Now his parents are _____ him.
A. disappointed; disappointed at
B. disappointing; disappointed about
C. disappointing; disappointed with
D. disappointed; disappointing by
3.As is known to us all, traveling is____, but we often feel_____ when we are back from travels.
A. interesting; tired
B. interested; tiring.
C. interesting; tiring
D. interested; tired
4. Hearing the___ news, we all felt____
A. encouraging; encouraging
B. encouraged; encouraged
C. encouraged; encouraging
D. encouraging; encouraged
5. From the dates___ on the gold coin, it is confirmed that it was made five hundred years ago.
A. marking
B. marked
C. to be marked
D. having been marked
6.Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ______ as 3M.
A. knowing
B. known
C. being known
D. to be known
7. The disc, digitally ________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A. recorded
B. recording
C. to be recorded
D. having recorded
8. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _______ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known
B. having been known
C. to be known
D. known
9. The flowers _______ sweet in the garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell
B. smelling
C. smelt
D. to be smelt
动词ing 做宾补
用以下单词的正确形式填空：
worry, interest, arrive, frighten, continue, concern
1. I’ll be__________ to hear what he has to say.
2.The mayor said that he was ________ about the ________ rise of the water level in the river bed.
3.Recently ________ soldiers are helping to take the victims to safe areas from the flood.
4.Most of the newspaper seems to be ___________ with pop stars.
5.He was _________ of going alone into the empty house.
I. 下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并改正。
1.I found the game excited.
2. We usually work only five hours a day, so we have plenty of spare time visit the area and have fun.
3. I want to have the flow ers deliver to my mother on Mother’s Day.
4. Would you like to get the building complete this week?
5. He made his house be decorated by a famous company.
II. 用括号中所给动词或短语的适当形式填空。
1. Linda found her house ____________________ when she came back. (break into)
2. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ____________________behind his back. (tie)
3. Tom, did you see anyone____________________the classroom? (go out of)
4. One of his teeth aches painfully, so he wants it ____________________. (pull out)
5. At night, I suddenly heard someone ____________________ into my bedroom. (walk)
从A、B、C、D中选出最佳选项。
1. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ______ as much as we can.
A. speak
B. speaking
C. spoken
D. to speak
2. The director had her assistant ______ some hot dogs for the meeting.
A. picked up
B. picks up
C. pick up
D. picking up
3. Jenny hopes that Mr Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English ______ in a short period.
A. improved
B. Improving
C. to improve
D. improve
4. —Did Peter fix the computer himself?
—He ______, because he doesn’t know much about computers.
A. has it fixed
B. had fixed it
C. had it fixed
D. fixed it
5. Don’t leave the water ______ while you brush your tee th.
A. run
B. running
C. being run
D. to run
6. She wants her paintings ______ in the gallery, but we don’t think they would be very popular.
A. display
B. to display
C. displaying
D. displayed
7. In the dream Peter saw himself ______ by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start.
A. chased
B. to be chased
C. be chased
D. having been chased
8. A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left ______.
A. unsatisfied
B. unsatisfying
C. to be unsatisfying
D. being unsatisfied
9. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put
B. to be putting
C. to put
D. putting
10. Laws that punish parents for their lit tle children’s actions against the laws get parents ______.
A. worried
B. to worry
C. worrying
D. worry
动词ing 做状语
1) _______for a long time, the book looks old.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧.
_______ the book, I find it useful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用.
2）_________________ at her, he jumped with joy.他看着她，高兴得跳了起来。
_________________at by her, he jumped with joy她看着他，他高兴得跳了起来。
3）____ from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest. A. Seeing B. Seen
____ from the space, the astronaut cannot discover the Great Wall. A. Seeing B. Seen
1) ___________(frighten) by noises in the night, the girl no longer dare to sleep in her room.
2) If __________ (trap) in a burning building, you should send for help.
3) Although ______ (shoot) in the leg, he continued firing at the police.
4)When_________(telephone)from abroad, dial 865，not 0865.
5) Unless_____________(changed), this law will make life difficult for farmers.
6) Michael used to look hurt and surprised when ______.(scold)
7) He is a man of few words, and seldom speaks until_____.(speak to)
8) If carefully______, the experiment will be successful_________(do)
9) The research is so designed that once _____,nothing can be done to change me.(do)
10)When__________(ask) for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding
在语文中语法中什么是主语谓语宾语定语状语补语 基本成分主谓宾，附加成分定状补：谓前为状谓后补，定语必居主宾前 1、主语是句子陈述的对象，说明是谁或什么。表示句子说的是"什么人"或“什么事”。是执行句子的行为或动作的主体。如“我写字”中的“我”，就是主语，它做出“写”这个动作。“写”则是谓语，而“字”是接受谓语“写”这个动作的对象，它因此被称为宾语，又如”花死了”中的”花”就是主语，”死了”即是对主语”花”的陈述，所以是谓语．有的语法书也称主语为“客体”或“受体”。 2、谓语是表明主语怎么样、有什么性质、处在什么状态等等，是用来陈述主语的由常常有动词、动词性短语，形容词、形容词型短语，名词、名词性短语，主谓短语充当谓语。例如：他们正在排练节目。（排练，动词作谓语）鱼儿在河里遨游。（在河里遨游，动词性短语作谓语）山上的树又绿了。（绿，形容词作谓语）这里的黎明静悄悄。（静悄悄，形容词短语作谓语）外头热，别中暑了。（热，做谓语） 3、宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。当然,也可以由一个句子来充当,称之为宾语从句,所以一个句子中不一定只有一个宾语. 定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。中文中状语是动词或形容词前面的连带成分,用来修饰、限制动词或形容词,表示动作的状态、方式、时间、处所或程度等. 例句:(括号内为状语) 他[已经]走了咱们[北京]见歌声[把王老师]带入深沉的回忆科学[终于以伟大的不可抑制的力量]战胜了神权 4、定语在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。用作定语的主要是形容词。状语修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语补语是述补结构中补充说明述语的结果、程度、趋向、可能、状态、数量等的成分。 5、补语是动词或形容词后面的连带成分，述补结构中补充说明述语的结果、程度、趋向、可能、状态、数量等的成分。补语与述语之间是补充与被补充、说明与被说明的关系主语是主要说明的人或事物谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。(由动词构成。) 宾语表示动作行为的对象 6、补语是述补结构中补充说明述语的结果、程度、趋向、可能、状态、数量等的成分。
过去分词专题练习 I ?分析下列划线部分的用法(过去分词做定语，表语以及被动) 1. The excited childre n are ope ning their Christmas prese nts. 2. This supermarketis now closed 3. The blackboardwas broken by Tom. 4. She had aworried look on her face because she failed the exam. 5. He looked in terested in the idea I put forward. 6. The mach in eproduced last yea(二 which were produced last year) are very expe nsive. n . Fill the form with proper form.适当形式填空 1. The ani mal and pla nts that they found there were _________ (ast oni sh) 2. I was _________ (ast oni sh) to lear n that his long lost child had bee n found. 3. The __________ n ews made us ___________ .(disappoi nt) 4. The __________ mother went to visit Ein stei n. (puzzle) 5. Madame Curie foundhusband' d s ath ___________ .(shock) 6. I saw the boy very ___________ (excite) 7. _______ (en courage), the girl was determ ined to study harder and make greater progress. 8. Be brave. You look like a _________ bird (frighten)(惊弓之鸟) 9. The fierce lion looks _________ (frighte n). Keep away from its cage or it will attack you. 10. The look on her face was very __________ (con fuse). 川.Fill the form with V-ed 1. The book __________________ 一本农民写的书)is very popular. 2. The building ___________ 去年建的楼房)now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake. 3. The problem __________________ 在昨天会议上讨论的)was very difficult to solve. 4. The window ________________________ 被那个顽皮男孩打破的)is being repaired 5. The children ______________________ 昨天在医院检查的)were seriously ill. 6. The people ________________ 暴露在阳光下的)got sun bur nt. 7. The boy _________________________ 受至U老师严厉惩罚的)is now a college student. 8. The water _________________________ 送到他家的水)carried disease. 9. The English today is quite different from the English _____________ (300年前所说的). 10. Most of the artists ________________ 被邀请去参加聚会的)were from South Africa. 11. The students _________________ 受到老师鼓舞的)worked harder than ever before. IV .基础单选题 1. Mary is a new nurse and her job is to take care of the _______ s oldiers. A. wound B. woun ded C. wounding D. being woun ded 2. Lily seems very much ________ in the magazine, but I think it 'tc s expensive. A. i nterested B. i nteresti ng C. to in terest D. to be in terest ing 3. All the passe ngers should remain ______ whe n the pla ne is maki ng a landing.
主语谓语宾语补语定语 状语举例 公司内部编号：（GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-
主语、谓语、宾语、补语、定语、状语举例 1.【主语】： 就是一个句子陈述的对象,或是动作的执行者.它回答的是“谁”“什么”的问题.如：我看电视.“我”就是这句子的主语. 主语由名词或相当于名词的词充当. ⑴妈妈回来了. ⑵今天是星期天. ⑶大海掀起滚滚的波涛. ⑷小明病了. ⑸燕子飞回来了. 2.【谓语】： 说明主语是什么,干什么,怎么样.它回答的是主语“干什么,是什么”的问题. 如如：我看电视.“看”就是这句子的谓语. 谓语部分中心词一定要是一个动词,要么是行为动词,要么是系动词,不同的动 词构成不同的句子类型.其他例子自己可举一反三. 3.【宾语】 指谓语动词所涉及的对象,由名、代、数,宾语从句等相当于名词的词句充当,但人称代词要用宾格.还如上例：我看电视.“电视”就是这句子的宾语. 需要说明的是：只有及物动词和介词或相当于及物动词和介词的短语才可带宾语. 4.【补语】： 补充说明主语或宾语的成份,补充说明主语的叫主语补足语,补充宾语叫宾语
补足语.如：他把我逗笑了.我激动得哭了.“哭了”即为补语. 5.【定语】： 修饰限定名字、代词的词,说明所修饰词的性质、特征等.如：美丽的村庄静静地睡了.“美丽的”为定语. 6.【状语】： 修饰动词、副词、形容词甚至整句,说明谓语动作发生的时间、地点、方式、伴随状况、目的等等.如：他在灯下看书.“在灯下”是状语. 小学语文基础知识点复习归纳总结 （一）关联词 1、关联词语的意义 能够把两个或者两个以上在意义上有密切联系的句子连接起来组成比较复杂的句子的词语，就是关联词语。恰当的使用关联词语，能使我们在说话或者协作时达到较好的表达效果。 2、常见的关联词语类型 并列关系——分句之间是并列的 既……又…… 那么……那么…… 一边……一边…… 有的……有的…… 不是……而是…… 递进关系——后一分句的意思比前一分句的意思更进一层。 不但……而且……
过去分词作定语，表语专题练习 Ⅰ.分析下列划线部分在句中做什么成分（过去分词做定语，表语还是表示被动？） 1. The excited children are opening their Christmas presents. 2. This supermarket is now closed. 3. The blackboard was broken by Tom. 4. She had a worried look on her face because she failed the exam. 5. He looked interested in the idea I put forward. 6. The machine produced last year(= which were produced last year) are very expensive. Ⅱ. Fill the form with proper form.适当形式填空 1. The animal and plants that they found there were ___________ (astonish) 2. I was___________(astonish) to learn that his long lost child had been found. 3. The ___________ news made us ___________.(disappoint) 4. The ___________ mother went to visit Einstein. (puzzle) 5. Madame Curie found husband’s death ___________ .(shock) 6. I saw the boy very ___________ (excite) 7. _________(encourage), the girl was determined to study harder and make greater progress. 8. Be brave. You look like a___________ bird (frighten)（惊弓之鸟） 9. The fierce lion looks __________(frighten). Keep away from its cage or it will attack you. 10. The look on her face was very ___________ (confuse) . Ⅲ. Fill the form with V-ed 1. The book ___________________ (一本农民写的书) is very popular. 2. The building _____________(去年建的楼房) now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake. 3. The problem ____________________(在昨天会议上讨论的) was very difficult to solve. 4. The window _________________________(被那个顽皮男孩打破的) is being repaired 5. The children ________________________(昨天在医院检查的) were seriously ill. 6. The people _________________(暴露在阳光下的) got sunburnt. 7. The boy __________________________(受到老师严厉惩罚的) is now a college student. 8. The water ___________________________(送到他家的水) carried disease. 9. The English today is quite different from the English ______________(300年前所说的). 10. Most of the artists_________________ (被邀请去参加聚会的) were from South Africa. 11. The students ___________________(受到老师鼓舞的)worked harder than ever before. Ⅳ. 基础单选题 1. Mary is a new nurse and her job is to take care of the _______soldiers. A. wound B. wounded C. wounding D. being wounded 2. Lily seems very much___________ in the magazine, but I think it’s too expensive. A. interested B. interesting C. to interest D. to be interesting 3. All the passengers should remain___________ when the plane is making a landing. A. seat B. seating C. to be seating D. seated 4. After her journey from Australia, Sophie Armstrong returned home, ___________ A. being exhausted B. exhausting C. exhausted D. having exhausted 5._____ their new album on time, the two famous singers worked far into the night every day. A. Release B. Released C. To release D. Having released 6. The meeting________ next Thursday mainly aims to deal with the problems related to teena
主题：句子的成分知识讲解怎样区分英语中的主语，谓语，宾语，表语，补语，状语，定语？内容：怎样区分英语中的主语，谓语，宾语，表语，补语，状语，定语？它们有什么作用？ 提交人：张耀天同学时间：3/16/2009 23:22:54 主题：句子的成分 内容：答：①主语：用于说明人或事物执行某一动作，表明“谁”或“什么”。常由名词、代词和数词来担任。如： I love the book．The book is my friend．我喜欢这本书。这本书是我的朋友。（名词作主语） ②谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，表明“做什么”或“是什么”。常由实义动词或系动词加上表语部分来充当。如： Mother is a teacher．妈妈是一名教师。（系表作谓语） She likes music．她喜欢音乐。（动词作谓语） ③宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么，在谓语之后。如： He learns English well．他英语学得好。（作动词宾语） I'm interested in handwriting．我对书法很感兴趣。（作介词宾语） ④补语：说明宾语、主语“做什么”或“处于某种状态”。常由名词、形容词等词类来担任。如： The teacher named me Lucy．老师叫我露茜。（名词作补语） Very loud noises can make people ill．非常大的噪音会让人得病。（形容词作补语）⑤表语：放在连系动词之后表示主语的身份或特征的成分，表明“什么”，“怎么样”。多由名词、形容词、副词、代词、数词和介词短语来担任。如： She looks nice．她看上去很漂亮。（形容词作表语） Ann is in the classroom．安在教室里。（介词短语作表语） ⑥定语：用于修饰和限制名词或代词的成分，表明“谁的”、“怎么样”等。多由名词、数词、形容词、代词和介词短语等来充当。如： My friend is a middle school student．我的朋友是一名中学生。（名词作定语）The man with black glasses liked sweet food．戴墨镜的那个人喜欢吃甜食。（介词短语作定语） ⑦状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的成分。常由副词、介词短语等来充当。如： Bruce speaks English very well．布鲁斯英语说得很好。（副词作状语） Dick lived in the country a few years ago．迪克几年前住在乡下。（介词短语作状语）
什么是主语、谓语、宾语、宾补、状语、定语? 主语是一个句子中所要表达,描述的人或物，是句子叙述的主体。可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。 谓语是用来说明主语做了什么动作或处在什么状态。谓语可以由动词来担任,一般放在主语的后面。 宾语是动作的对象或承受者，常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。 定语：用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语, 定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。 状语：说明事物发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式, 条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。状语可以由副词, 短语以及从句来担任。 补语是述补结构中补充说明述语的结果、程度、趋向、可能、状态、数量等的成分。 补语与述语之间是补充与被补充、说明与被说明的关系,是补充说明动词或形容词性中心语的，可以回答“怎么样”、“多少次”、“何处”、“何时”、“什么结果”等问题。补语都放在中心语后头，除了趋向动词、数量词、介宾结构和一部分形容词可以直接作补语外。补语多用形容词、数量词、趋向动词、介宾结构来担任，各种关系的词组也常作补语。 口诀： 主谓宾、定状补，主干枝叶分清楚。 定语必居主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。 状语有时位主前，逗号分开心有数。 状语 状语是修饰限制谓语的成分。副词的主要功能是作状语，形容词性词组、时间名词、方位词、能愿动词、介宾词组也经常作状语。状语也可以分为描写性的和限制性的。多项状语的排列词序离中心语从远及近一般为：表示时间的名词、副词、方位词组、介宾词组；表示处所的介宾词组、方位词组、名词、代词；表示语气、关联的副词；表示条件、方式、范围、目的、对象、关涉的介宾词组和副词；表示情态的形容词、动词。 主语 主语是句子的被陈述部分。大多数实词和词组（介宾词组除外）都可以充当主语。其中，名词性词语作主语最常见。谓词性词语也可以作主语但是不常见，而且还受到限制，用谓词性词语作主语的句子，其谓语一般是判断、评价、描写性质的。主语的意义类型比较复杂，可以分为：施事主语、受事主语、系事主语、与事主语、工具主语、处所主语、范围主语、关系主语、目的主语、原因主语、描写主语等。 中心语
主语谓语宾语定语状语补语定语 练习1.在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. 7.When we are going to have English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 9.That he isn’t at home is not true. 10.There comes the bus. 11.Beyond the village lies a small village. 12.Now comes your turn. 考点1.表语 表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 练习2.画出下列句中的表语，并说明由什么充当。 1.Our teacher of English is an American. 2.Is it yours 3.The weather has turned cold. 4.The speech is exciting. 5.Three times seven is twenty-one. 6.His job is to teach English. 7.His hobby（爱好）is playing football. 8.The machine must be under repairs. 9.The truth is that he has never been abroad. 考点2.宾语 宾语由名词性的词充当，表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语。 练习3.画出下列句中的宾语, 并说明由什么充当。 1.They planted many trees yesterday. 2. (How many dictionaries do you have) I have five. 3.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 4.I wanted to buy a car. 5.I enjoy listening to popular music. 6.I think（that）he is fit for his office. 考点3.宾语补足语 宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。换句话说，在意思上，宾语相当于宾补的主语。 带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等）+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。 练习4.用下划线画出下列句中的宾语补足语，并指出是什么词充当，同时体会宾补和宾语之间的逻辑关系。 1.His father named him Dongming. 2.They painted their boat white. 3.Let the fresh air in. 4.You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. 5.We saw her entering the room. 6.We found everything in the lab in good order. 7.We will soon make our city what your city is now. 8.I want your homework done on time. 考点4.主补 对主语的补充。含有宾语补足语的句子在变成被动语态，宾语作主语时，原来的宾补就成了主语补足语。 He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 考点5.定语 定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。 在英语中，许多情况下，定语是放在所修饰词后面的，这点与汉语习惯不同，也是许多同学不能读懂长句的主要原因。定语后置常见的有以下几种情况： A.副词用作定语一般要后置。 People there are very friendly. (那儿的人们) He didn’t like the man downstairs. （楼下的那个人）B.形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。 单个形容词作定语一般放在所修饰词之前，而形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。 The next man is a scientist. The man next to me is a scientist.（我旁边的那个人）C.介词短语作定语时要后置。 The boy under the tree is Tom.（树下的那个男孩） The tallest boy in our class is John.（我们班最高的那个男孩） D.现在分词短语、过去分词短语、动词不定式作定语常后 置。 I have something to say. (直译：我有要说的话)
概念引入 今天我们要学习过去分词作表语和定语的用法。先看下面这些句子： 1. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. (inspired过去分词作表语；exposed过去分词作定语) 2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. (terrified过去分词作定语) 3. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. (interested 过去分词作表语) 4. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. (affected过去分词作定语) 5. He was determined to find out why. （determined过去分词作表语） 6. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. (polluted过去分词作定语) 上面句子中的黑体词都是过去分词，句1（inspired）、句3、句5中的三个词跟在系动词became、was后作表语；而句1（exposed）、句2、句4、句6中的四个词放在名词前或后修饰名词，作定语。那么过去分词是什么？有什么作用？我们将在本单元和下两个单元中与同学们一起学习。 用法讲解 过去分词的作用 英语中动词如果不作谓语时叫非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为：不定式（to do）、动词-ing形式（doing）和过去分词（done）。 动词-ing形式可分为现在分词和动名词：现在分词强调动作，如a sleeping boy中的sleeping强调“睡觉”这一动作，而且此动作正在进行，与所修饰词boy有逻辑上的主谓关系（即sleeping的动作是boy做的），因此是现在分词作定语；而a sleeping bag中的sleeping强调功能，表示“用来睡觉的”，是动名词作定语。 过去分词多表示动作的被动和完成，但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作，而不表示“被 动”意义。 本单元主要学习过去分词作表语和定语。 1. 与助动词一起构成谓语：
主语从句即一个句子作主语如：what he said is true. what he said是一个句子具备最短的句子所应有的主语（he）和谓语动词(said)。又应有what引导词所以做从句，又Is 是大句子中的谓语动词，在主句中，所以其前的成分为主语，主语是一个句子，叫做主语从句。 宾语从句和主语从句同理，事不过宾语从句是在谓语动词后的句子，谓语后的成分是宾语。如：He said that the girl is beautiful. that the girl is beautiful为宾语从句，做动词said后的宾语。 表语从句依然如此，只是动词为系动词或感官动词，动词后为表语从句。如：He is who I am looking for. who I am looking for. 为表语从句，做系动词is的表语。 前几种句子均为名词性从句，引导词指人用who whose whom,指物用which，what。其中which有范围what没范围。连接副词有：when where why how四种。如：I don't know where he is going.（宾从） 定语从句为形容词性从句，即一个句子像一个形容词，修饰一个名词或代词，而被修饰的词在句子前面，叫做先行词。如：The girl who wears a red coat is my classmate. 其中who wears a red coat 是定语从句，修饰the girl, 所以the girl为先行词，主句为The girl is my classmate。定语从句引导词指人和名词性从句相同，who whose whom；指物只用which，没有what；that 即指人又指物。关系副词没有how 即when,where,why.如：The year when I arrived there is 2000. （when I arrived there为从句） 状语从句考点比较简单，记住他引导词的意思就行了，如时间是when while等，地点是where wherever,原因是why 结果because 等就可以了 英语主谓宾表定状补成分精简讲解 一．主语： 主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme)，是句子所述说的主体。它的位置一般在一句之首。可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。 1．名词作主语。 A tree has fallen across the road. (倒下横在) Little streams feed big rivers. ( 小河流入大江。) 2 You’re not far wrong. (你差不多对了)。 He told a joke but it fell flat. (他说了个笑话，但没有引人发笑) 3 Three is enough. 三个就够了。 Four from seven leaves three. 7减4余3。 4 The idle are forced to work. 懒汉被迫劳动。 Old and young marched side by side. 老少并肩而行。 5 Now is the time. 现在是时候了。Carefully does it. 小心就行。 6 The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come. 7 To find your way can be a problem.你能否找到路可能是一个问题。 It would be nice to see him again. 8 Smoking is bad for you. Watching a film is pleasure,but making one is hard work. 9 The disabled are to receive more money. The deceased died of old age. To Beijing is not very far. From Yenan to Nanniwan was a three-hour ride on horseback. Whenever you are ready will be fine. Because Sally wants to leave doesn’t mean that we hav e to. "How do you do ?" is a greeting. “你好”是一句问候语。 谓语(predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后。 谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成。 1．由简单的动词构成。
语文中的主语，谓语，宾语，补语，状语，定语，表语是指什么？ 语文中的主语，谓语，宾语，补语，状语，定语，表语是指什么？ 用句子加以解释 1，主语、谓语和宾语 例：我写字。 我，就是主语；写，是谓语；字，就是宾语。 2，状语、定语 例：我慢慢地回答你的问题。 慢慢地，就是状语，它是修饰谓语动词“回答”的速度或者状态；你的，就是定语，用来修饰宾语“问题”。 3，定语、主语和表语 例：漂亮的女人是傲慢的。 漂亮的，是定语，用来修饰主语“女人”；是，是谓动词，傲慢的，就是表语，是用来说明“漂亮女人”的心理状态的。 4，补语 例：他走得慢。 他，是主语；走，谓语；得慢，就是补语 5，宾补 例：我十分讨厌她又哭又闹。 我，是主语；十分，状语；讨厌，谓语；她，宾语；又哭又闹，就是这一句里的宾补，用来修饰宾语“她”的。 一：主语是句子陈述的对象，说明是谁或什么。表示句子说的是"什么人"或“什么事”。主语可以用这些词类或形式来担任：名词、代词 二：谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”. 谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后谓语由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成。 三：宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任 四：补语是述补结构中补充说明述语的结果、程度、趋向、可能、状态、数量等的成分。
补语与述语之间是补充与被补充、说明与被说明的关系。 补语主要由谓词性词语、数量短语和介词短语充当。 五：状语是名词前面的连带成分,用来修饰、限制、动词或形容词,表示动作的状态、方式、时间、处所或程度等. 1.副词、形容词经常做状语. 2.表示时间、处所的名词经常做状语,一般名词不做状语动词中除助动词外很少做状语. 3.介词结构常做状语 4.一般状语紧连在中心词的前边,但表示时间、处所、目的的名词或介词结构作状语时,可以放在主语的前边.如[在杭州],我们游览了西湖美景. 状语说白了就是修饰动作的词 六：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用………的?表示。 七：表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当，它常位于连系动词（be, become, appear, seem等）之后
过去分词专题练习 Ⅰ.分析下列划线部分的用法（过去分词做定语，表语以及被动） 1. The excited children are opening their Christmas presents. 2. This supermarket is now closed. 3. The blackboard was broken by Tom. 4. She had a worried look on her face because she failed the exam. 5. He looked interested in the idea I put forward. 6. The machine produced last year(= which were produced last year) are very expensive. Ⅱ. Fill the form with proper form.适当形式填空 1. The animal and plants that they found there were ___________ (astonish) 2. I was___________(astonish) to learn that his long lost child had been found. 3. The ___________ news made us ___________.(disappoint) 4. The ___________ mother went to visit Einstein. (puzzle) 5. Madame Curie found husband’s death ___________ .(shock) 6. I saw the boy very ___________ (excite) 7. _________(encourage), the girl was determined to study harder and make greater progress. 8. Be brave. You look like a___________ bird (frighten)（惊弓之鸟） 9. The fierce lion looks __________(frighten). Keep away from its cage or it will attack you. 10. The look on her face was very ___________ (confuse) . Ⅲ. Fill the form with V-ed 1. The book ___________________ (一本农民写的书) is very popular. 2. The building _____________(去年建的楼房) now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake. 3. The problem ____________________(在昨天会议上讨论的) was very difficult to solve. 4. The window _________________________(被那个顽皮男孩打破的) is being repaired 5. The children ________________________(昨天在医院检查的) were seriously ill. 6. The people _________________(暴露在阳光下的) got sunburnt. 7. The boy __________________________(受到老师严厉惩罚的) is now a college student. 8. The water ___________________________(送到他家的水) carried disease. 9. The English today is quite different from the English ______________(300年前所说的). 10. Most of the artists_________________ (被邀请去参加聚会的) were from South Africa. 11. The students ___________________(受到老师鼓舞的)worked harder than ever before. Ⅳ. 基础单选题 1. Mary is a new nurse and her job is to take care of the _______soldiers. A. wound B. wounded C. wounding D. being wounded 2. Lily seems very much___________ in the magazine, but I think it’s too expensive. A. interested B. interesting C. to interest D. to be interesting 3. All the passengers should remain___________ when the plane is making a landing. A. seat B. seating C. to be seating D. seated 4. After her journey from Australia, Sophie Armstrong returned home, ___________ A. being exhausted B. exhausting C. exhausted D. having exhausted