概念引入
The music they are playing sounds so exciting .
We watched three boys sharing their food with each
Our job is playing all kinds of music .
The girl singing now is a classmate of mine
用法讲解
非谓语动词中的ing形式包括两种：
一种是动名词，另外一种是现在分词。
?基本形式：
1、-ing形式作表语
1) -ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后,用来泛指某种动作或行为,以说明主语的具体内容(身份、性质或情况)。
如：
Her hobby is painting.
她的业余爱好是画画。
My job is looking after the children.
我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。
2) –ing用来表示主语所具有的特征，
如：
His concern for his mother is most touching.
他对母亲的关爱很感人。
His words are encouraging.
他的话很鼓舞人。
2、-ing形式作定语
1). 说明被修饰名词的作用和用途，
如：
building materials
= materials for building 建筑材料
drinking water
= water for drinking 饮用水
a reading room
= a room for reading 阅览室
2). 说明被修饰名词的性质和程度，
如：
tiring music
= music that is tiring 烦人的音乐
a surprising result
= a result that is surprising
一个惊人的结果
3). 表示被修饰名词正在进行的动作，
如：
正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。
The student making the experiment is our monitor.
我们能看到冉冉升起的太阳。
We can see the rising sun.
Attention
1) 单个-ing形式作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之前, -ing形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。
如：
They lived in a room facing the street.
= They lived in a room that faces the street.
他们住在一间面朝街的房子。
The man standing there is Peter’s father.
= The man who is standing there is Peter’s father.
站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。
2) V-ing, 过去分词，不定式做定语时的区别：
The student making the experiment is our monitor.
They lived in a room facing the street.
正在举行的会议非常重要。
The meeting being held now is very important.
昨天举行的会议非常重要。
The meeting held yesterday is very important.
明天要举行的会议非常重要。
The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.
3)-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开
如：
His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing.
= His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing.
他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。
The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit.
= The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit.
那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。
3、-ing形式作宾语补足语
1) 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个正在进行的动作或一种状态。
如：
当我们回到学校时, 发现一个陌生人站在大门口。
When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance.
我发现地板上放着一个包。
I found a bag lying on the ground.
那老板让工人整夜地工作。
The boss kept the workers working the whole night.
2）当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。
如：
They found the result very satisfying.
= The result was found very satisfying.
They heard him singing in the next room.
= He was heard singing in the next room.
3). 能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:
a. 感官动词，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, 等。
如：
We saw a light burning in the window.
I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder.
Can you smell anything burning?
As he spoke, he observed everybody looking at him curiously.
Listen to the birds singing.
I didn’t notice him waiting.
b. 使役动词，常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。
如：
I won’t have you doing that.
This set me thinking.
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.
I can’t get the clock going again.
You won’t catch me doing that again.
4)see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：
①前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。
如:
We passed by the classmates and saw the teacher making the experiment.
我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。
（只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师正在做实验）
We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment.
我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。
（一个小时之内一直在看老师作实验）
②如果宾语补足语是短暂性动词，动词不定式短语表示一次动作，而-ing形式则表示反复动作。如：
We heard the door slam. (一次动作)
We heard the door slamming. (反复动作)
巩固练习
完成句子
1. It’s wrong of you to _______ (让机器开着)。（run）
2. What he said _______________ (令人信服的)，we can trust him.(convince)
3. The news __________ (令人感到惊讶的)，we were all astonished at it. (astonish)
4. The building _________ (正在建) is our new library. (build)
5. He was caught ____________ (偷车) and sent to the police station. (steal)
6. I saw him _________ (正在玩游戏) when I passed. (play)
7. Some old man have to walk with the help of _________ sticks(拐杖). (walk)
8. I found Mary __________ (正向一个男孩儿低语) just now. (whisper)
9. There were some boys _________ (在窗户附近大声喊叫)，so I couldn’t fall asleep. (shout)
10. A student will be immediately dismissed if he ____________ (被发现吸烟) in school.
单项选择
1. Yesterday our head teacher made such an speech that we all felt .
A．exciting； exciting B．excited； excited
C．exciting； excited D．excited； exciting
2. When I caught him ___me，I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop．
A．cheated B．cheating C．to cheat D．to have cheated
3. The children _____ the violin over there will go on the stage next week.
A. playing
B. play
C. played
D. to play
4. The boy ____ over there is my younger brother.
A．cried B. being cried C. crying D. to cry
5. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice _______ him.
A. calling
B. called
C. being called
D. to call
6. He is a student at Oxford University, _______ for a degree in computer science.
A. studied
B. studying
C. to have studied
D. to be studying
7. Miss John’s habit is _______ without through understanding.
A. read
B. being read
C. to be read
D. reading
8. The tower ______ the Warring States is well worth visiting.
A. dated from
B. dated back from
C. dating from
D. to date from
9. With no rain for three months and food supplies ______ out, the situation here is getting from bad to worse.
A. run
B. running
C. to run
D. to be run
10. ---Who would you like to see at the moment?
---- The man _____ Mr. Green.
A. called himself
B. we call him
C. calling himself
D. is called
11. The flowers ______ sweet in the botanic garden attracted the visitors to eh beauty of nature.
A. to smell
B. smelling
C. smelt
D. to be smelt
12. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _____
A. 20 dollars remained
B. 20 dollars to remain
C. remained 20 dollars
D. remaining 20 dollars
13. The man _____ there is our headmaster. Would you like to go over and say hello to him?
A. stand
B. to stand
C. is standing
D. standing
14. The noise of desks____could be heard out in the street.We knew there must be a school
nearby.
A. opening and closing
B. opened and closed
C. to be opened and closed
D. being opened and closed
15. His job was _______ people with all kinds of tricks he can think of.
A. entertain
B. entertaining
C. entertained
D. to entertaining
答案与解析
完成句子
1. leaving the machine running
2.is convincing
3.is astonishing
4.being built
5. stealing a car
6.playing games
7.walking
8.wispering to a boy
9. shouting near the window 10.is found smoking
单项选择
1. 答案：C 解析：考查形容词。第一空作定语修饰物，用动词ing形式；第二空作表语，修饰人，用v-ed形式，选C。
2. 答案：B 解析：依据前半句意思”当我发现他欺骗我时”可以判断出，句中的him与动作”欺骗”为主谓关系，因此用现在分词作宾语补足语，故答案为B。
3. 答案：A 解析：根据句子结构，我们可以看出这是一个简单句。主语是The children，谓语部分是will go on the stage，动词play显然在句中不作谓语，应用非谓语动词形式。依据play 与它的逻辑主语children之间的主动关系以及拉小提琴动作正在进行，可以判断用现在分词作定语修饰children，意为“正在那边拉小提琴的小孩”，因而正确答案为playing。
4. 答案：C 解析：依据cry与它的逻辑主语The boy之间的主动关系和cry的动作正在进行，所以用现在分词作定语修饰boy，因而正确答案为crying。
5. 答案：A 解析：句意：敲完门后，那个孩子听见他妈妈喊他。Voice 与call 之间是主动关系，故排除B和C两项。感官动词hear加宾补成为hear sb. do 或hear sb. doing,故排除D项。因此选A。
6. 答案：B 解析：“studying for a degree in computer science”为现在分词短语在句中作后置定语。
7. 答案：D 解析：在这里考查动名词作定语
8. 答案：C 解析：句中已有谓语动词，故空格处应用分词作定语。date from 意为“始自（某时期）”，不能用被动形式，故用现在分词作定语。
9. 答案：B 解析：本题考查非谓语动词作宾补run out 是不及物动词短语，应用现在分词作宾补。句意：三个月没有下雨，食品也快用完了，这里的局势越来越严峻了。
10. 答案：C 解析： the man 与call 是主动关系，用现在分词作定语指“自称Mr. Grant 的那个人”。
11. 答案：B 解析： smell 为系动词，意为“闻起来”，没有被动语态,smelling 为现在分词
作后置定语。
12. 答案：D 解析：此处的remaining 相当于形容词，意思是“剩下的”，由于remain 是不及物动词，所以用现在分词作前置定语。
13. 答案：D 解析：本题考查动词ing形式作定语的用法。A、C两项因为不是非谓语动词形式而被排除。B项不定式表示未进行的动作，显然不符合题意。
14. 答案：D 解析：因为“声音可以被听到”，因此开关课桌的声音应该是正在发出。又因为desk与open/close 之间存在动宾关系，因此close/open应使用被动式。综上所述，应使用being done 的形式作定语。
15. 答案：B 解析：考查动词ing形式作表语，A, C, D三项中的形式不符合语法。
概念引入 The music they are playing sounds so exciting . We watched three boys sharing their food with each Our job is playing all kinds of music . The girl singing now is a classmate of mine 用法讲解 非谓语动词中的ing形式包括两种： 一种是动名词，另外一种是现在分词。 ?基本形式： 1、-ing形式作表语 1) -ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后,用来泛指某种动作或行为,以说明主语的具体内容(身份、性质或情况)。 如： Her hobby is painting. 她的业余爱好是画画。 My job is looking after the children. 我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。 2) –ing用来表示主语所具有的特征， 如： His concern for his mother is most touching. 他对母亲的关爱很感人。 His words are encouraging. 他的话很鼓舞人。 2、-ing形式作定语 1). 说明被修饰名词的作用和用途， 如： building materials = materials for building 建筑材料
drinking water = water for drinking 饮用水 a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室 2). 说明被修饰名词的性质和程度， 如： tiring music = music that is tiring 烦人的音乐 a surprising result = a result that is surprising 一个惊人的结果 3). 表示被修饰名词正在进行的动作， 如： 正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。 The student making the experiment is our monitor. 我们能看到冉冉升起的太阳。 We can see the rising sun. Attention 1) 单个-ing形式作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之前, -ing形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。 如： They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. 他们住在一间面朝街的房子。 The man standing there is Peter’s father. = The man who is standing there is Peter’s father. 站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。 2) V-ing, 过去分词，不定式做定语时的区别： The student making the experiment is our monitor. They lived in a room facing the street. 正在举行的会议非常重要。 The meeting being held now is very important. 昨天举行的会议非常重要。 The meeting held yesterday is very important. 明天要举行的会议非常重要。 The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important. 3)-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开
动词的ing形式作表语,定语,宾补与状语 一、动词-ing形式作表语 1、表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible、(= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job) 她的工作就是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 2、表示主语具有的特征、性质与状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词) The problem is quite puzzling、 这个问题很令困惑。 3、常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。 全析提示:动词-ing形式作表语时,其逻辑主语往往就是句子中的主语,但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。 What worries me most is her staying too late every night、(staying too late every night的逻辑主语就是her) 二、动词-ing形式作定语 1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语,一般具有两种含义。 ①说明被修饰名词的用途与性能。 a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室 running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋 a working method =a method for working 工作方法 ②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态,在意思上接近一个定语从句,可以表示正在进行的动作,也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。 developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家 an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 瞧起来很普通的房子 a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody 困扰人的问题 2 作定语的动词-ing形式如就是一个短语,则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语,相当于一个定语从句。 They lived in a house facing south、(=which is facing south) 她们住在一所朝南的房子里。 Do you know the boy playing basket?(=Who is playing basket) 您认识在打篮球的那个小男孩不？ The man visiting Japan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle 正在访问日本的那个男人就是我的叔叔。 三、动词-ing形式作宾补 1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后 面,表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作,强调一个过程或一种状态。 When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house、 2、当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语 的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。 They found the film very exciting、
动词的ing形式作表语，定语，和宾补 一、动词-ing形式作表语 1. 表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. (= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job) 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 2. 表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词） The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令困惑。 3.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。全析提示：动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。 What worries me most is her staying too late every night. (staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her) 二、动词-ing形式作定语 1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。 ①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。 a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室 running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋 a working method =a method for working 工作方法 ②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。 developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家 an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起来很普通的房子 a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody 困扰人的问题 2 作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。They lived in a house facing south.(=which is facing south) 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。 Do you know the boy playing basket?（=Who is playing basket) 你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？ The man visiting Japan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle 正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。 三、动词-ing形式作宾补 1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。 When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house. 2、当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语 的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。 They found the film very exciting. = The film is found very exciting. 3、能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词: 1) 表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词，（常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to 等）+ sb + doing sth（作宾补） I felt somebody standing behind me. 2) 表示指使意义的动词使役动词，（常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等）+sb/ sth + doing sth (作宾补）We kept the fire burning all night long.我们让火整夜燃烧着。 I won‘t have you running about in the room. 我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。 4、see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式 和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别： We heard the telephone ring. We heard the telephone ringing. 前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示（或强调）动作的全过程。 练习题 1. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of verbs. 1)_______ (clean) women in big cities usually get paid by the hour. 2)All of us watched the hunter ________ (bring) down the dangerous bear. 3)When he woke up, he found himself ________ (lie) in hospital. 4)Electricity lines were brought down by ___________ (fall) trees in the storm. 5)The tall building _________ (build) now will be a hospital. 6)The man ________ (wear) a sad look said, "I've lost my wallet." 7)—What is a water can used for?
l g e m 动词-ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语的练习 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. We heaard them (quarrel) about money after the concert. They looked very angry. 2. The villagers saw the fire (burn) brightly in the distance. When they hurried there, they found some houses (burn) to the ground already. 3. I didn’t see anyone (take) away your paper. It might have been blown by the wind. 4. During the days (come) we’ll make good preparations for the sports meeting. 5. The woman (look) at her map is a relative of my mother. 6. Einstein was one of the greatest scientists (repect) by people. 7. Doing nothing is (do) ill. 8. To do that would be (cut) the foot to fit the shoe. 9. We were all very (surprise) at the news. I found it very (surprise). 10. He gave us an (inspire) speech. We were all (inspire). 二、在空白处填入适当的单词,完成下列句型转换(每空一词)。 1. Your task is cleaning the house carefully.______ ______ _______ _______ is your task. 2. His speech inspired us. We _________ _________ by his speech. 3. The boy who was missing was last seen playing near the lake. The ______ boy was last seen playing
Section ⅢGrammar——动词-ing形式作 定语和状语 [语境自主领悟] 一、动词-ing形式(现在分词)由“动词原形＋-ing”构成，在句子中可以作主语、定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语 动词-ing形式的基本形式如下： ) 学生们走在街上，又说又笑。 Having worked for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. 已经忙活了两天，史蒂夫设法按时完成了他的报告。 Having struggled for many years，he was finally admitted to a key university. 经过多年的努力，他最终被一所重点大学录取。 Having been laughed at for his mistakes，the boy was very upset.那男孩因犯错
而被嘲笑，他非常沮丧。 [名师点津] 动词-ing形式的一般式常表示该动作与句子谓语动作同时发生，而动词-ing 形式的完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前。 [即时演练1]单句语法填空 ①I like staying up late watching (watch) TV，surfing the Internet or doing something I'm fond of. ②Having lived (live) in Beijing for years，I almost know every place quite well. ③Seeing (see) nobody at home，he decided to leave them a note. 【导学号：21122031】 二、动词-ing形式在句中作定语和状语 1．动词-ing形式作定语。 The firefighters dashed into the burning woods to save people trapped in it.(前置定语) 消防队员冲进了正在燃烧的丛林，去营救被困人员。 The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.(后置定语)站在那儿的那个男孩是我的一个同班同学。 The building being built over there is our library.(后置定语，强调“正在被建”) 那里正在建造的大楼是我们的图书馆。 2．动词-ing形式作状语。 (1)作时间状语。 Hearing the news，he couldn't help laughing. ＝When he heard the news，he couldn't help laughing.一听到那个消息，他禁不住大笑起来。 (2)作原因状语。 Not knowing her address，I had better telephone her to come over. ＝As I don't know her address，I had better telephone her to come over.由于不知道她的地址，我还是打电话让她过来为好。
只能接-ing分词作宾语的动词： 建议冒险去献身，忍受期待不停顿； 放弃延期悔失去，坚持欣赏实践成； 注意原谅避反对，考虑要求不自禁； 允许习惯不介意，价值开始想动名。 如：建议：advise, suggest, 冒险：risk,献身:devote oneself to 介词用法口诀 早、午、晚要用in，at黎明、午夜、点与分。 年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。 将来时态in...以后，小处at大处in。 有形with无形by，语言、单位、材料in。 特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用in。 介词at和to表方向，攻击、位置、恶、善分。 日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚， 收音、农场、值日on，关于、基础、靠、著论。 着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，准。 特定时日和“一……就”，on后常接动名词。 年、月、日加早、午、晚，of之前on代in。 步行、驴、马、玩笑on，cab，carriage则用in。 at山脚、门口、在当前，速、温、日落、价、核心。 工具、和、同随with，具有、独立、就、原因。 就……来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分。
海、陆、空、车、偶、被by，单数、人类know to man。 this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one。 接年、月、季、 定冠词用法小结口诀 a.口诀 1.有水无湖：海、洋、海湾、河等，都用the;单个湖不用the,(但多个湖用the); the Red Sea,the Pacific Ocean,the Persian Gulf, the Yangtze River The Great Lakes(五大湖）；Lake Erie(伊利湖） 2.有球无星：地球，月亮用the;行星不用the: Mars,Venus; 3.有山无峰：The Huangshan Mountains(黄山）；Mount Everest(珠穆朗玛峰）；Mount(or Mt.) Tai(泰山）. 4.有独无欧（偶）：独一无二的，the earth,the moon,the sun用the; 欧洲等七大洲不用the. Europe,Africa,Asia,North America,South America,Antarctica,Oceania 5.有（足）族无球（运动）：种族用the:the Indians(印第安人)；球类运动baseball,basketball 6.有文无章：历史性的文件用the;小说等的章节不用the The Constitution(宪法）; chapter one 7.学而不专：学校放在词组的前面时用the;专有名词放在词组的前面时不用the; The University of Fudan; Fudan University [ 发表时间：8/3/2003 9:22:06 AM ] 倒装口诀 副词开头要例装，人称代词则如常。 only修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装。
动词-ing形式做句子的各种成份（一） 一、动词-ing形式做主语 1、现在分词做主语表示事物化、抽象化的概念。强调：现在分词做主语时谓 语一律用单数。 Eg: Talking is an art. Eg: Tearning English well is not easy. 2、it做形式主语的情况 It’s no good/use doing sth.做``````是没有用的 It’s useful/useless doing 做``````是有/没有用的 There is no `````````doing sth. Eg: It is no use crying after knowing the result. Eg: It is no good playing games. 二、动词-ing形式做表语 动词-ing形式做表语，一般表示比较抽象的习惯性动作。 1、句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词/抽象的习惯性动作。（主语和表语 的位置可以互换） Eg: My hobby is playing games.--------Playing games is my hobby.
Eg: One of his bad habits is speaking loudly. -----------Speaking loudly is one of his bad habits. Eg: Your task is studying hard.-------------Studying hard is your task. 与现在进行时的区别： He is flying.(现在进行时，就不能转换成----------Flying is he) 2、表示主语的某种性质或状态，描述主语的特征，相当于形容词，故不能与 主语互换。 系动词：be动词、感官动词、get/become等。 Eg: This film is interesting. Eg: Today’s weather is nice. Eg: The song sounds good. (主语一般为物：moving\ surprising\promising有希望的) 三、动词-ing形式做宾语 1、作动词的宾语 某些动词后只能用动词-ing形式作宾语，不能用不定式。 allow \ cannot help\ consider\ risk\ suggest\ forbid\ protect```(from)阻止\ admit\ advise\ allow\ avoid\ delay推迟\ enjoy\ escape逃脱\ finish\ give up\ imagine\ mind\ practise\
语法精讲精练：非谓语动词——动词-ing形式 王奴娇教案 动词的-ing形式包括传统语法的“动名词”（gerund）和“现在分词”（present participle）两个部分。动词的-ing形式具有动词的特征，同时又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此它可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语和状语。 -ing的形式：-ing有一般式和完成式。及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和被动语态，而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动语态。现在以及物动词make 和不及物动词go为例，将其-ing各种形式列 一、动词-ing形式的特征和种类 二、与动词不定式一样，动词的-ing形式也具有动词的特征，有时态和语态的变化，并可带状 语、宾语等。 A.动词-ing形式的一般式 1. 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作，没有特别的时间意义。 Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。 Learning is important to modern life. 学习对现代生活很重要。 2. 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来表示和谓语动词同时发生的动作。 They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 他们有说有笑地走出教室。 She listened carefully to her neighbours speaking. 她倾听她邻居的讲话。 3. 动词-ing形式的一般式有时也可表示在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生的动作。 I remembered sending him an e-mail last week. 我记得上星期给他发过一份电子邮件。 He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday. 他建议下个星期天带我女儿去动物
Unit 4动词的ing形式作表语，定语，宾补和状语 一、动词-ing形式作表语 1. 表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. = keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job His hobby is painting. = Painting is his job. 2. 表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词），作表语用的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising, puzzling, exciting等（这类分词表示“令人….的”含义）。如：The problem is quite puzzling. The news sounds encouraging. 二、动词-ing形式作定语 1.单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。 ①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。 a reading room = a room which is used for reading running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋 a working method =a method for working 工作方法 reading material 阅读材料 No one is allowed to speak loud in the reading room. There is a swimming pool in our school. ②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。（注意动名词作定语说明被修饰词作用意义；现在分词做定语说明被修饰词正在做什么）developing countries = countries that are developing发展中国家 an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子 a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody困扰人的问题 sleeping child 熟睡的孩子walking stick 手杖living room 起居室running water 自来水 2.作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。 They lived in a house facing south.(=which is facing south) 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。 Do you know the boy playing basket?（=Who is playing basket) 你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？ The man visiting Japan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle 正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。 In the following years he worked even hard. 在接下来的几年中，他工作更努力了。 The man talking to(=the man who is talking to) the teacher is our monitor’s father. 正在与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。 三、动词-ing形式作宾补 1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house. 2、当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。 They found the film very exciting. = The film is found very exciting.
Ving形式作定语 分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前。例如： The man standing by the window is our teacher. Many frightened people rushed out of the burning building. Ving作定语主要表示动作和用途。 1. 表示动作（主动的、进行的动作）。 a waiting car = the car that is waiting a sleeping child 熟睡的孩子 The girl standing there is my sister. 站在那儿的女孩是我的姐妹。 [注意]现在分词作定语时，它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，如果两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句。例如：The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window. 老师批评了打破窗户的学生。 2. 表示用途： the waiting room = the room for waiting 候车室 a working method 工作方法 He has a reading room. 他有一个书房。 【比较】 过去分词作定语： 及物动词的过去分词表示被动，不及物动词的过去分词表示动作完成。 例如： That is the book written by Lu Xun. 那是鲁迅写的书。 He is a returned student. 他是一个归国的留学生。
动词-ing 形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语的练习 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1.We heaard them (quarrel) about money after the concert. They looked very angry. 2.The villagers saw the fire (burn) brightly in the distance. When they hurried there, they found some houses (burn) to the ground already. 3.I didn’t see anyone (take) away your paper. It might have been blown by the wind. 4.During the days (come) we’ll make good preparations for the sports meeting. 5.The woman (look) at her map is a relative of my mother. 6.Einstein was one of the greatest scientists (repect) by people. 7.Doing nothing is (do) ill. 8.To do that would be (cut) the foot to fit the shoe. 9.We were all very (surprise) at the news. I found it very (surprise). 10.He gave us an (inspire) speech. We were all (inspire). 二、在空白处填入适当的单词,完成下列句型转换(每空一词)。 1.Your task is cleaning the house carefully. is your task. 2.His speech inspired us. We by his speech. 3.The boy who was missing was last seen playing near the lake. The boy was last seen playing
动词-ing形式作表语定语，宾补及状语的用法 一、动词-ing形式作表语 1.表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. (= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job) 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 2.表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing相当一个形容词） The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令困惑。 3.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。 全析提示：动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。 What worries me most is her staying too late every night. (staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her) 二、动词-ing形式作定语 1单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。 ①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。 a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室 running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋 a working method =a method for working 工作方法 ②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。 developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家 an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起来很普通的房子 a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody 困扰人的问题 2作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。 They lived in a house facing south.(=which is facing south) 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。 Do you know the boy playing basket?（=Who is playing basket) 你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？ The man visiting Japan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle 正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。 三、动词-ing形式作宾补 1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后 面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。 When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house. 2、当主句转换为被动结构时,原来作宾语补足语 的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。
ing 分词作定语使用全攻略 先看一个长难句分析：This finding put an end to centuries of theories claiming(声称) that physical functions of the ear determine what we find attractive. 这个发现终结了数个世纪的声称耳朵的生理功能决定了我们所发现的(声音)是富有吸引力的理论。 其中claiming 是ing分词表示主动作后置定语， ing 分词作定语如何使用呢？ 1. 现在分词作前置定语时，在逻辑上与所修饰的名词之间为主谓关系，也可改成定语从句；如：a listening child= a child who is listening, 如果与所修饰的名词之间没有主谓关系，定语相当于一个介词for引导的短语。 a walking stick= a stick for walking. a reading room= a room for reading a swimming pool= a pool for swimming 现在分词位于所修饰的名词之后做后置定语，与所修饰的名词之间呈逻辑上的主谓关系，相当于一个定语从句。 Sea water ___containing______ (contain) salt can’t be drunk. Sea water which contains salt can’t be drunk. 2. 现在分词作定语往往表示“令人……”，主动的或正在进行的动作。如： a moving film, a developing country. exciting 令人兴奋的, 使人激动的interesting 有趣味的, 引起好奇的 disappointing 使人失望的, 令人失望的discouraging 令人气馁的 encouraging 奖励的, 可奖励的puzzling使迷惑的, 使莫明其妙的 missing. n不见的, 缺少的surprising令人惊讶的 confusing使人混淆的amusing有趣的 charming迷人的, 娇媚的,astonishing可惊异的 shocking骇人听闻的inviting引人动心的, 有魅力的 3. V-ing作定语表主动或动作正在进行 =I have a friend __who __ _is___ __living____in London. No one is allowed to speak in the reading room. 再举例： (1).They lived in a room facing the street. (2).A number of people __standing_______ (stand) outside asked to be allowed to enter the hall.. we set up a sign reading“No admittance” 我们设立了一个告示牌，告示排上写着：“禁止入内”。此处we set up a sign reading“No admittance”相当于we set up a sign which reads“No admittance” (3).It would include every English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations (引文)showing how it was used.它将包括每一个可能的英文词，不仅给出词的定义而且给出这个词的历史和表示它的用法的引文。2012山东卷阅读B (4).Looking ahead(状语),scientists believe that global warming could be one of the biggest environmental problems facing the 21st century（后置定语）.展望未来，科学家们认为全球