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文学翻译批评与欣赏

文学翻译批评与欣赏
文学翻译批评与欣赏

Appreciation of the Different Translations of Chinese

Literary Classics

姓名:温嘉茵

班级:英语09-02

学号:540908010220

Appreciation of the Different Translations of Chinese

Literary Classics

【Abstrac t】

The focus of the paper is to appreciate some good translation of Chinese literary classics, including 《椒聊》from The Book of Songs, Li Qingzhao?s Ci---- 《声声慢》, Liu Zongyuan?s poem----《江雪》and Zhang Ji?s poem----《枫桥夜泊》. The translators who translate these works all are famous scholars, including Chinese translators, Xu Yuanchong, Wang Rongpei and Yang Xianyi couple and so on, and famous foreign Sinologists, James Legge, Waley, Ezra Pound and so on. These translators open a door for us to the world of translation and let foreigners read more good Chinese literary works.

Key words: appreciation, translations, Chinese literary classics

【Introduction】

The purpose of the paper is to let those people who like translating appreciate more good works of translation. The focus is to appreciate some good works of the classical literature. Although these works are not modern works, they are eternal cultural heritage that our ancestors leave to us.

Ⅰ. Appreciation of the translations of 《椒聊》from The Book of Songs In Scholarship of The Book of Songs, the view of the interpretation of poetry has a big important influence on the translation of The Book of Songs. To get “the meaning of poet” is almost the mainstream of the translation of The Book of Songs, so the theme of the translation presents diversification. James Legge supported some principles in his first version of translation----“不以言害辞,不以辞害志,以意逆志,是为得之”, which was the first time to put forward the view to getting “the meaning of poet”. Alien, C. F. R. improved this principle, using transcultural anthropology to understand the poetry. Other scholars put forward different principles of the translation of The Book of Songs. The following is to appreciate different translations of 《椒聊》.

《椒聊》

The original work as follows:

椒聊之实,蕃衍盈升。

彼其之子,硕大无朋。

椒聊且,远条且。

椒聊之实,蕃衍盈匊。

彼其之子,硕大且笃。

椒聊且,远条且。

The following is some translations of the poem from different translators.

①The clusters of the pepper plant,

Large and luxuriant, would fill a pint.

That hero there

Is large and peerless.

O the pepper plant!

How its shoots extend!

The clusters of the pepper plant,

Large and luxuriant, would fill both your hands.

That hero there

Is large and generous.

O the pepper plant!

How its shoots extend!

(James Legge) ②Mark ye the fruit of the pepper-plant-tree,

So fine, so full,-and a pint to the brim.-

Mark ye the Chief with the stalwart form;

Ne?er will you meet with the like of him.

Then hail to the pepper-tree,

And its shoots that spread so free!

Mark ye the fruit of the pepper-tree,

So fine, so full, the two hands? twould fill.—

Mark ye the Chief with the stalwart form;

I?faith, and a man of great goodwill.

Then hail to the pepper-tree,

And its shoots that spread so free!

(Jennings)

③He shall be like the tree that growth

Fast by the river side,

Which bringth forth most pleasant fruit,

In her due time and tide;

Whose leaf shall never fade nor fall,

But flourish and stand.

Even so all things shall prosper well

That this man takes in hand.

(Alien, C.F.R.)

④Oh, the pods keep a sprouting?

upon the pepper tree,

the sprouts keep a risin?

and the big pods hangin? down,

the pods keep a growin?

for a strong man on his own.

The big pods keep a hangin?,

the sprouts keep a risin?

and the big pods hangin? down,

the new sprouts keep a growin?

for a strong man on his own.

(Ezra Pound)

⑤The seeds of the pepper-plant

Overflowed my pint-measure.

That man of mine,

None so broad and tall!

Oh, the pepper-plant,

How wide its branches spread!

The seeds of the pepper-plant

Overflowed my hands as well.

That man of mine

Big, tall an strong!

Oh, the pepper-plant,

How wide its branches spread!

(Arthur Davi Waley) ⑥The fruit of pepper plant

Is so luxuriant.

The woman there

Is large beyond compare.

O pepper plant, extend

Your shoots without end!

The pepper plant there stands;

Its fruit will fill our hands.

The woman here

Is large without a peer.

O pepper plan, extend

Your shots without end!

(Xu Yuanchong)

⑦The pepper-plant bears lots of seeds,

A heavy load of pepper seeds!

The lady bears a lot of heirs,

All stalwart, robust heirs!

What a fertile pepper-plant!

How fragrant! How exuberant!

The pepper-plant bears lots of seeds,

A weighty load of pepper seeds!

The lady bears a lot of heirs,

All stalwart, honest heirs!

What a fertile pepper-plant!

How fragrant! How exuberant!

(Wang Peirong) In version ①, the word of “hero” is very important to illuminate the theme. “Hero” refers to “桓叔” and “pepper plant”, “shoots”, “extend”, “luxuriant” all refer to the great power of “桓叔”. In his annotation, James Legge make the subaudition of the poem clear----“Allusive and metaphorical. Supposed to celebrate the power and prosperity of Huan-Shuh, and to predict the growth of his family.” In version ②, Jennings uses the same metaphor as Legge and his version is full of the tone of praise. In his annotation, Jennings writes “Supposed to refer to Hwan-shuh, and his house”. In version ③, literal meaning is very different from the original text. Alien, C. F. R. turns metaphors into similes and adds subaudition into the version. His annotation is “Huan Shu, of the last piece, is said to be the hero of this.” In version ④, Pound don?t use the tone of praise, which is different from other versions. In version ⑤, Waley considers the poem as a poem of courtship. His annotation is “The fine stature of the lover is compared to the luxuriance of the pepper-plant, which at the same time symbolizes the heat of his passion”, which presents Waley?s understanding to the poem. Comparing to the foreign sinologists, the Chinese translators focus the theme on the different theme, which is not to praise “桓叔”. And in Xu?s version, he eulogizes, blesses and prays the protagonist, but in version ⑦, Wang only eulogizes the protagonist.

Ⅱ. Appreciation of the translation of Li Qingzhao’s Ci-----《声声慢》In English world, the first translation study of Li Qingzha began in 1949, collecting in The White Peony. Bing Xin was the first Chinese translator to introduce Li Qingzhao to the western world in 1926 when she studied the woman poet in her master thesis. At home, translation and studies of Li Qingzhao increased in the late 1980s.

The following is to appreciate the poem----《声声慢》.

《声声慢》

The original work as follows:

寻寻觅觅,冷冷清清,凄凄惨惨戚戚。/乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。/三杯两盏淡酒,怎敌他,晚来风急?/雁过也,正伤心,却是旧时相识。/ 满地黄花堆积,憔悴损,如今有谁堪摘?/守着窗儿,独自怎生得黑!/梧桐更兼细雨,到黄昏,点点滴滴。/这次第,怎一个愁字了得!

The following is the different translations of two translators.

Version①---- Slow Slow Song by Xu Yuanchong

I look for what I miss; / I know not what it is. / I feel so sad, so drear, / So lonely, without cheer. / How hard is it / To keep me fit / In the lingering cold! / By cup on cup / Of wind so dry / Oh! How can I / Endure at dusk the drift / Of wind so swift? / It breaks my heart, alas, / To see the wild geese pass, / For they are my acquaintances of old. / The ground is covered with yellow flowers, / Faded and fallen in showers. / Who will pick them up now? / Sitting alone at the window, how / Could I but quicken / The pace of darkness which won?t thicken?/ On plane?s broad leaves a fine rain

drizzles / As twilight grizzles. / Oh! What can I do with a grief Beyond belief!

Version ②----Forlorn by Li Yutang

So dim, so dark, / So dense, so dull, / So damp, so dank, / So dead! / The weather, now warm, now cold, / Makes it harder. / Than ever to forget! / How can a few cups of thin wine / Bring warmth against / The chilly winds of sunset? / I recognize the geese flying overhead: / My old friends, / Bring not the old memories back! / Let fallen flowers lie where they fall. / To what purpose. / And for whom should 1 decorate? / By the window shut, / Guarding it alone, / To see the sky has turned so black! / And the drizzle on the kola nut / Keeps on droning: Pit-a-pat, pit-a-pat! / Is this the kind of mood and moment / To be expressed By one word "sad"?

In version ①, the title is excellent by using alliteration. Xu Yuanchong uses “miss” and “without cheer” not only to express the meaning of the original work but also to match the sound effect with the similar pronunciation of “觅”and “戚”. “I look for what I miss; / I know not what it is” is the same sentence pattern and “I feel so sad, so drear, / So lonely, without cheer” is rhymed and repetition. These sentences make the version more clearly express the meaning of the whole work. “It” and “fit”form rhyme and the sentence uses the exclamation mark to end to present the degree of the most. The translator translates “守着窗儿,独自怎生得黑” into "How/ Could I but quicken/ The pace of darkness that won?t thicken”in the form of interrogative sentence, which vividly presents the anxious mood of Li Qingzhao. The whole version uses many exclamation marks and interjections to emphasize the sad, despondent and hopeless mood of the writer. In the meantime, the translator uses many metaphors and end-rhymes to present the beauty in sound, form and meaning, which makes the version own the style of English poem.

In version ②, “so dim, so dark, / So dense, so dull, / So damp, so dank, / So dead”is 14 syllables, nearly same as the form of the original work, and uses the alliteration. “Weather”, “warm”, “wine”, “warmth” and “winds” uses alliteration and “harder”, “ever”, “forget” and “sunset” uses end-rhyme. There are two faults in the sentence----“守着窗儿,独自怎生得黑”. One is to translate “守” into “guard(守卫,保卫,看守)”. The other is to add “shut”. They are ridiculous faults. Although when Lin Yutang translates, he pays attention to the beauty in sound, form and meaning, he creates a lot and even makes some mistranslation.

Ⅲ. Appreciation of the translation of the poem of Liu Zongyuan----《江雪》《江雪》is the most popular poem of Liu Zongyuan?s. There are only four sentences in the whole poem, but they exactly express the profound connotation of the writer and present the elaboration of the poem. 《江雪》is not only to express the beautiful scenery but also present the thought, feeling and mood of the writer.

《江雪》

The original work as follows;

千山鸟飞绝,/万径人踪灭。/ 孤舟蓑笠翁,/ 独钓寒江雪。

Version ①---- River Snow by Witter Bynner

A hundred mountains and no bird, / A thousand paths without a footprint, / A little boat, a bamboo cloak , / An old man fishing in the cold river snow.

Version ②---- The River Covered with Snow by Wu Jingxiong

Myriad mountains - not a bird flying, / Endless roads - not a trace of men. / Only an old fisherman in a lonely boat, / Angling silently in the river covered with snow.

Version ③---- Fishing in Snow by Xu Yuanchong

From hill to hill no bird in flight, / From path to path no man in sight. / A straw - cloak'd man in a boat, lo! / Fishing on river clad in snow.

Version ④---- Stream and Snow by Zhao Zhentao

O'er any hills no birds are seen; / In any paths no footprints show. / On a boat old man in cloak and hat, / Angles alone in stream and snow.

In version ①, Bynner translates “千” and “万” into “a hundred” and “ a thousand”, which remains the characteristics of Chinese culture----huge number. The translator omits the equivalent of “独” in the original work, which seems to give the readers the imaginary space from the image of the former part of the version. In version ②, the translator directly translates “千山”and “万径”into “myriad”and “endless”, but lack of the imaginary space. “Only”, “old”, “lonely”and “silently”express the writer?s frustration in politics, depression in mood and pride in characteristics. In version ③, the word choice is ingenious, for example, using “ from hill to hill” and “from path to path” to present “千山” and “万径”, which is neat antithesis and musical harmony. Although Xu doesn?t use the numeral and predicate, the kind of translation endows the version with artistic beauty. The version reminds the readers of the poem of Hamlin Garland----April Days----“And the wood pecker?s martial voices sweep / Like bugle notes from hill to hill / Through the pulseless haze”. Likewise, Xu omits the equivalent of “独” and uses the rhyme way of aabb. In version ④,Zhao uses the rhyme way of abcb to endow the version with rhyme and uses many fricatives to give the readers the direct feeling of snowflake falling and piercingly cold wind.

Ⅳ. Appreciation of the translation of the poem of Zhang Ji----《枫桥夜泊》There are only about 40 existing poems of Zhang Ji?s. Most of these poems are fluent and natural. The poem uses flashback. In the first, Zhang Ji wrote the scenery in the daybreak. And then, he wrote the scenery last night and the ring in the midnight. The whole poem is a fusion of feelings with the natural setting. Constantly, the poem is praised by people.

《枫桥夜泊》

The work as follows:

月落乌啼霜满天,/ 江枫渔火对愁眠./ 姑苏城外寒山寺,/ 夜半钟声到客船。

Version ①----Maple Bridge Night Mooring by Wang Peirong

When the moon slants, ravens croak and thick frosts grow. / Bank maple groves and fishing glows invoke my woe. / From the Hanshan Temple outside Suzhou moat, / The midnight tolls resound and reach my mooring boat.

Version ②---- Mooring by Maple Bridge at Night by Xu Yuanchong

At moonset cry the crows, streaking the frosty sky; / Dimly lit fishing boats …neath sadly lie. / Beyond the city walls, from Temple of Cold Hill, / Bells break the ship-borne roamer?s dream and midnight still.

In version ①, Wang pays more attention to the exactness of the word

choice and expression of the poet meaning, for example, “slant”, “croak”, “thick-frosts grow”, “fishing glows” etc. The rhythm way of the version is aabb. It is a good translation from any aspect. It exactly expresses the literal and profound meaning, which gives the readers deep impression. In version ③, “mooring” seems to say that the boat is slowly sailing to the bank. “Cry” means the cry of crow and the cry of the people. “Roamer”exactly expresses the lonely mood of the wanderer and the gloomy mood of the traveler. Xu uses artistic words to translate artistic words, which conveys the rich connotation. In the meantime, he uses alliteration etc figures of speech.

【Conclusion】

The paper mainly studies the appreciation of the translation of the Chinese literary and the main purpose of it is to let more people read more different good versions. Although the whole paper selects many versions, maybe not every reader supports those views about the versions, but only as reference. The paper chooses the poems from The Book of Songs and Liu Zongyuan and Zhang Ji, and Ci from Li Qingzhao. These works all are Chinese literary works and have important positions in Chinese cultural history.

【Bibliography】

1.《诗经》英译研究/ 李玉良著。——济南:齐鲁书社2007.11

2.《中国典籍英译》=English Translation of Chinese Classics / 汪榕培,王宏主

编——上海:上海外语教育出版社2009

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1文学欣赏

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前言 学习感悟 本学期有幸选了陈老师开设的选修课—翻译批评与赏析,陈老师授课方式新颖独到,以德国功能翻译理论学派重要代表人物凯瑟琳娜·赖斯的《翻译批评:潜力与制约》一书为主线,以学生讲解老师总结答疑为主要方法,并穿插有课堂讨论,让学生各抒己见,畅所欲言,一学期的学习让我收获颇丰。 在未上陈老师的课之前,自己的翻译批评往往多是感性的翻译评论,没有系统的批评理念与批评模式,面对一个译本,只会从表层进行主观评判,既缺乏系统性又不具有客观性,难以服众。经过一学期的学习我认识到翻译批评绝不是为了批评而批评,更不能带有学术偏见而起意气之争,相互攻讦,翻译批评应该是建设性的,必须公正、客观、全面,有理有据。 作为翻译专业研究生,更应该对翻译批评认真加以学习,用全面的眼光看待翻译,树立科学的翻译批评观,并将其用于指导、审视自己的翻译活动。

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翻译批评与赏析

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文学欣赏课

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《翻译理论与实践》教学大纲讲解

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文学翻译批评与欣赏

Appreciation of the Different Translations of Chinese Literary Classics 姓名:温嘉茵 班级:英语09-02 学号:540908010220

Appreciation of the Different Translations of Chinese Literary Classics 【Abstrac t】 The focus of the paper is to appreciate some good translation of Chinese literary classics, including 《椒聊》from The Book of Songs, Li Qingzhao?s Ci---- 《声声慢》, Liu Zongyuan?s poem----《江雪》and Zhang Ji?s poem----《枫桥夜泊》. The translators who translate these works all are famous scholars, including Chinese translators, Xu Yuanchong, Wang Rongpei and Yang Xianyi couple and so on, and famous foreign Sinologists, James Legge, Waley, Ezra Pound and so on. These translators open a door for us to the world of translation and let foreigners read more good Chinese literary works. Key words: appreciation, translations, Chinese literary classics 【Introduction】 The purpose of the paper is to let those people who like translating appreciate more good works of translation. The focus is to appreciate some good works of the classical literature. Although these works are not modern works, they are eternal cultural heritage that our ancestors leave to us. Ⅰ. Appreciation of the translations of 《椒聊》from The Book of Songs In Scholarship of The Book of Songs, the view of the interpretation of poetry has a big important influence on the translation of The Book of Songs. To get “the meaning of poet” is almost the mainstream of the translation of The Book of Songs, so the theme of the translation presents diversification. James Legge supported some principles in his first version of translation----“不以言害辞,不以辞害志,以意逆志,是为得之”, which was the first time to put forward the view to getting “the meaning of poet”. Alien, C. F. R. improved this principle, using transcultural anthropology to understand the poetry. Other scholars put forward different principles of the translation of The Book of Songs. The following is to appreciate different translations of 《椒聊》. 《椒聊》 The original work as follows: 椒聊之实,蕃衍盈升。 彼其之子,硕大无朋。 椒聊且,远条且。 椒聊之实,蕃衍盈匊。 彼其之子,硕大且笃。 椒聊且,远条且。 The following is some translations of the poem from different translators.

文学欣赏练习题1

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