软件工程专业BIOS资料外文翻译文献 What is the Basic Input Output System (BIOS)? BIOS is an acronym for Basic Input Output System. It is the program that stores configuration details about your computer hardware and enables your computer to boot up. Every time your computer is switched on the BIOS loads configuration data into main memory, performs a routine diagnostic test on your hardware, then loads the operating system. The BIOS resides in a ROM (Read-Only memory) chip, which is mounted on the motherboard, usually in a socket so it is removable. To the right is an example of what a BIOS chip may look like in your motherboard. This is a PLCC 32 pin type BIOS chip. It is a very common type. Every computer has BIOS. There are many types but the most common type of BIOS 's come from: AMI, Award and Phoenix. Motherboard manufacturers buy or lease the BIOS source code from these companies. The BIOS tells the operating system in your computer how to boot up, where to load everything, what to load, what memory and CPU are present and much more. A good comparison to further understand the
毕业设计说明书 英文文献及中文翻译 学院：专 2011年6月 电子与计算机科学技术软件工程
https://www.doczj.com/doc/596975466.html, Overview https://www.doczj.com/doc/596975466.html, is a unified Web development model that includes the services necessary for you to build enterprise-class Web applications with a minimum of https://www.doczj.com/doc/596975466.html, is part of https://www.doczj.com/doc/596975466.html, Framework,and when coding https://www.doczj.com/doc/596975466.html, applications you have access to classes in https://www.doczj.com/doc/596975466.html, Framework.You can code your applications in any language compatible with the common language runtime(CLR), including Microsoft Visual Basic and C#.These languages enable you to develop https://www.doczj.com/doc/596975466.html, applications that benefit from the common language runtime,type safety, inheritance,and so on. If you want to try https://www.doczj.com/doc/596975466.html,,you can install Visual Web Developer Express using the Microsoft Web Platform Installer,which is a free tool that makes it simple to download,install,and service components of the Microsoft Web Platform.These components include Visual Web Developer Express,Internet Information Services (IIS),SQL Server Express,and https://www.doczj.com/doc/596975466.html, Framework.All of these are tools that you use to create https://www.doczj.com/doc/596975466.html, Web applications.You can also use the Microsoft Web Platform Installer to install open-source https://www.doczj.com/doc/596975466.html, and PHP Web applications. Visual Web Developer Visual Web Developer is a full-featured development environment for creating https://www.doczj.com/doc/596975466.html, Web applications.Visual Web Developer provides an ideal environment in which to build Web sites and then publish them to a hosting https://www.doczj.com/doc/596975466.html,ing the development tools in Visual Web Developer,you can develop https://www.doczj.com/doc/596975466.html, Web pages on your own computer.Visual Web Developer includes a local Web server that provides all the features you need to test and debug https://www.doczj.com/doc/596975466.html, Web pages,without requiring Internet Information Services(IIS)to be installed. Visual Web Developer provides an ideal environment in which to build Web sites and then publish them to a hosting https://www.doczj.com/doc/596975466.html,ing the development tools in Visual Web Developer,you can develop https://www.doczj.com/doc/596975466.html, Web pages on your own computer.
机械设计 摘要：机器是由机械装置和其它组件组成的。它是一种用来转换或传递能量的装置，例如：发动机、涡轮机、车辆、起重机、印刷机、洗衣机、照相机和摄影机等。许多原则和设计方法不但适用于机器的设计，也适用于非机器的设计。术语中的“机械装置设计”的含义要比“机械设计”的含义更为广泛一些，机械装置设计包括机械设计。在分析运动及设计结构时，要把产品外型以及以后的保养也要考虑在机械设计中。在机械工程领域中，以及其它工程领域中，所有这些都需要机械设备，比如：开关、凸轮、阀门、船舶以及搅拌机等。 关键词：设计流程设计规则机械设计 设计流程 设计开始之前就要想到机器的实际性，现存的机器需要在耐用性、效率、重量、速度，或者成本上得到改善。新的机器必需具有以前机器所能执行的功能。 在设计的初始阶段，应该允许设计人员充分发挥创造性，不要受到任何约束。即使产生了许多不切实际的想法，也会在设计的早期，即在绘制图纸之前被改正掉。只有这样，才不致于阻断创新的思路。通常,还要提出几套设计方案，然后加以比较。很有可能在这个计划最后决定中,使用了某些不在计划之内的一些设想。 一般的当外型特点和组件部分的尺寸特点分析得透彻时，就可以全面的设计和分析。接着还要客观的分析机器性能的优越性，以及它的安全、重量、耐用性，并且竞争力的成本也要考虑在分析结果之内。每一个至关重要的部分要优化它的比例和尺寸，同时也要保持与其它组成部分相协调。 也要选择原材料和处理原材料的方法。通过力学原理来分析和实现这些重要的特性，如那些静态反应的能量和摩擦力的最佳利用，像动力惯性、加速动力和能量；包括弹性材料的强度、应力和刚度等材料的物理特性，以及流体润滑和驱动器的流体力学。设计的过程是重复和合作的过程，无论是正式或非正式的进行，对设计者来说每个阶段都很重要。 最后，以图样为设计的标准，并建立将来的模型。如果它的测试是符合事先要
英文原文出自《Advanced Technology Libraries》2008年第5期 Robot Robot is a type of mechantronics equipment which synthesizes the last research achievement of engine and precision engine, micro-electronics and computer, automation control and drive, sensor and message dispose and artificial intelligence and so on. With the development of economic and the demand for automation control, robot technology is developed quickly and all types of the robots products are come into being. The practicality use of robot products not only solves the problems which are difficult to operate for human being, but also advances the industrial automation program. At present, the research and development of robot involves several kinds of technology and the robot system configuration is so complex that the cost at large is high which to a certain extent limit the robot abroad use. To development economic practicality and high reliability robot system will be value to robot social application and economy development. With the rapid progress with the control economy and expanding of the modern cities, the let of sewage is increasing quickly: With the development of modern technology and the enhancement of consciousness about environment reserve, more and more people realized the importance and urgent of sewage disposal. Active bacteria method is an effective technique for sewage disposal，The lacunaris plastic is an effective basement for active bacteria adhesion for sewage disposal. The abundance requirement for lacunaris plastic makes it is a consequent for the plastic producing with automation and high productivity. Therefore, it is very necessary to design a manipulator that can automatically fulfill the plastic holding. With the analysis of the problems in the design of the plastic holding manipulator and synthesizing the robot research and development condition in recent years, a economic scheme is concluded on the basis of the analysis of mechanical configuration, transform system, drive device and control system and guided by the idea of the characteristic and complex of mechanical configuration,
中英文对照外文翻译 (文档含英文原文和中文翻译) Application Fundamentals Android applications are written in the Java programming language. The compiled Java code — along with any data and resource files required by the application — is bundled by the aapt tool into an Android package, an archive file marked by an .apk suffix. This file is the vehicle for distributing the application and installing it on mobile devices; it's the file users download to their devices. All the code in a single .apk file is considered to be one application. In many ways, each Android application lives in its own world: 1. By default, every application runs in its own Linux process. Android starts the process when any of the application's code needs to be executed, and shuts down the process when it's no longer needed and system resources are required by other applications. 2. Each process has its own virtual machine (VM), so application code runs in isolation from the code of all other applications. 3. By default, each application is assigned a unique Linux user ID. Permissions are set so that the application's files are visible only to that user and only to the application itself — although there are ways to export them to other applications as well. It's possible to arrange for two applications to share the same user ID, in which case they will be able to see each other's files. To conserve system resources, applications with the same ID can also arrange to run in the same Linux process, sharing the same
外文翻译 英文原文 Belt Conveying Systems Development of driving system Among the methods of material conveying employed，belt conveyors play a very important part in the reliable carrying of material over long distances at competitive cost．Conveyor systems have become larger and more complex and drive systems have also been going through a process of evolution and will continue to do so．Nowadays，bigger belts require more power and have brought the need for larger individual drives as well as multiple drives such as 3 drives of 750 kW for one belt(this is the case for the conveyor drives in Chengzhuang Mine)．The ability to control drive acceleration torque is critical to belt conveyors’performance．An efficient drive system should be able to provide smooth，soft starts while maintaining belt tensions within the specified safe limits．For load sharing on multiple drives．torque and speed control are also important considerations in the drive system’s design. Due to the advances in conveyor drive control technology，at present many more reliable．Cost-effective and performance-driven conveyor drive systems covering a wide range of power are available for customers’ choices[1]. 1 Analysis on conveyor drive technologies 1．1 Direct drives Full-voltage starters．With a full-voltage starter design，the conveyor head shaft is direct-coupled to the motor through the gear drive．Direct full-voltage starters are adequate for relatively low-power, simple-profile conveyors．With direct fu11-voltage starters．no control is provided for various conveyor loads and．depending on the ratio between fu11-and no-1oad power requirements，empty starting times can be three or four times faster than full load．The maintenance-free starting system is simple，low-cost and very reliable．However, they cannot control starting torque and maximum stall torque；therefore．they are
中英文资料对照外文翻译 FEM Optimization for Robot Structure Abstract In optimal design for robot structures, design models need to he modified and computed repeatedly. Because modifying usually can not automatically be run, it consumes a lot of time. This paper gives a method that uses APDL language of ANSYS 5.5 software to generate an optimal control program, which mike optimal procedure run automatically and optimal efficiency be improved. 1）Introduction Industrial robot is a kind of machine, which is controlled by computers. Because efficiency and maneuverability are higher than traditional machines, industrial robot is used extensively in industry. For the sake of efficiency and maneuverability, reducing mass and increasing stiffness is more important than traditional machines, in structure design of industrial robot. A lot of methods are used in optimization design of structure. Finite element method is a much effective method. In general, modeling and modifying are manual, which is feasible when model is simple. When model is complicated, optimization time is longer. In the longer optimization time, calculation time is usually very little, a majority of time is used for modeling and modifying. It is key of improving efficiency of structure optimization how to reduce modeling and modifying time. APDL language is an interactive development tool, which is based on ANSYS and is offered to program users. APDL language has typical function of some large computer languages. For example, parameter definition similar to constant and variable definition, branch and loop control, and macro call similar to function and subroutine call, etc. Besides these, it possesses powerful capability of mathematical calculation. The capability of mathematical calculation includes arithmetic calculation, comparison, rounding, and trigonometric function, exponential function and hyperbola function of standard FORTRAN language, etc. By means of APDL language, the data can be read and then calculated, which is in database of ANSYS program, and running process of ANSYS program can be controlled.
文献翻译 基于 Web 的分析系统 院（系）名称信息工程学院专业名称软件工程
英文译文 基于Web 的分析系统 马克斯科特，约翰琳 1 摘要 在使用分析型数据库时，分析人员将数据归入公用组，并尝试确定条件变化时产生的结果。例如，提高产品价格会增加单位利润，但可能会减少销量????ù会产生较高还是较低的总利润？或者，联邦贴现率的下降会如何影响房地产贷款的收益？为了帮助分析人员根据历史趋势做出有根据的预测，Microsoft 在SQL Server 2000 中提供了分析服务，在SQL Server 7.0 中提供了OLAP 服务。这些服务都提供OLAP 功能，能够将存储在SQL Server（或任何其他OLE DB 兼容的数据源）上的数据处理成多维数据结构，称为多维数据集。多维数据集简化了趋势分析和建立实体间交互方式联系的过程。例如，房地产投资者采用现金流模型来区分一组具有共同特征（如：地产类型、地理位置和利率范围）的贷款，并预测各种事件的影响。如果贷款提前偿还或者借款人违约，后果将会如何？此类不可预测的事件会如何影响贷款所担保的债券的收益。 从包含几百笔贷款的清单中选择并区分具有分析特征的贷款是需要相当技巧的。分析服务和OLAP 服务有助于在各组贷款间建立联系，以便分析人员能够建立贷款假设模型。为了帮助客户的房地产分析人员预测商业抵押证券的业绩，我们的开发小组需要设计一个以各种方式（如：利率、到期期限或地产位置）来简化贷款分类的系统。其界面应易于学习和使用。而且，所开发的系统需要在Internet 上进行安全的部署。为了满足这些要求，开发小组选择了分析服务。 2 在Web上部署Office 在选定了后端技术后，开发小组开始制订实现前端界面的计划。多数金融分析人员使用Microsoft Excel，他们对其界面比较熟悉，感觉也很舒服。Excel 包括数据透视表服务，能够允许分析人员连接到分析服务数据库。Excel 的拖放界面提供了对多维数据
. 轻型发动机设计方案 摘要： 在过去的一些年里，新一代汽车发动机燃油效率并不是像我们预料中的那样会有所降低。其原因：汽车重量的增加。通过对汽车发动机整车重量以及部分重量的分析知：曲轴箱作为一个单一部件具有潜在的可减少重量的部件，这篇论文讲述的是通过利用轻型材料和现代的设计手段减少发动机重量的方法。 将轻型材料应用于曲轴箱设计构思中包含着广泛的设计理念，这种设计理念就是尽最大可能利用被选材料所具有的可能性去减少汽车重量，以下我将详细的谈论关于直列式和V-型发动机特殊方法的构思，发动机重量减轻也可以利用中小型发动机来代替又大又重的发动机，现代技术以被应用于现存的发动机设计构思中从而增加发动机功率重量比，使发动机性能得到提高因此它的市场价值也得到提高。 新型轻型发动机设计方案中有一个重要方面就是与传统发动机设计理念相比要尽量减小发动机零部件数量，因为这样对于减少整车重量有着非常重要作用。 介绍： 汽车在生态方面和将来继续充当普通交通工具的要求已经显著提高尤其在美国和欧洲。通过合法的要求使那些有压力的顾客在这方面得到缓解。必需考虑到这样的事实，对于燃油的消耗，排放，回收在利用这些中心问题要有一个回应。 在过去的一些年里，汽车发动机的发展取的了进步，使发动机功率得到了显著的提高同时在降低发动机燃油消耗和排放方面已经付出巨大的努力。通过应用直喷，废气涡轮增压和多气门技术于柴油发动机中，使发动机的性能得到显著提高。 新车取代与在它之前所有具有相类似功能车时，其新车发动机工作效率的提高并不是通过对原有车的有效改进。整个交通工具工作效率停滞不前甚至降低的原因是在过去的十五年里增加了15%~20%的车辆（图1）。尽管轻型材料的使用不断增长以及设计者有意识的向轻型结构方面设计但是重量减轻却被其他方面所弥补。读者可以通过以下方面得知：多余的汽车外形 安全方面的改进
外文翻译 专业机械电子工程 学生姓名张华 班级 B机电092 学号 05 指导教师袁健
外文资料名称：Research，design and experiment of end effector for wafer transfer robot 外文资料出处：Industrail Robot：An International Journal 附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文 2.外文原文
晶片传送机器人末端效应器研究、设计和实验 刘延杰、徐梦、曹玉梅 张华译 摘要：目的——晶片传送机器人扮演一个重要角色IC制造行业并且末端执行器是一个重要的组成部分的机器人。本文的目的是使晶片传送机器人通过研究其末端执行器提高传输效率,同时减少晶片变形。 设计/方法/方法——有限元方法分析了晶片变形。对于在真空晶片传送机器人工作,首先,作者运用来自壁虎的超细纤维阵列的设计灵感研究机器人的末端执行器,和现在之间方程机器人的交通加速度和参数的超细纤维数组。基于这些研究,一种微阵列凹凸设计和应用到一个结构优化的末端执行器。对于晶片传送机器人工作在大气环境中,作者分析了不同因素的影响晶片变形。在吸收面积的压力分布的计算公式,提出了最大传输加速度。最后, 根据这些研究得到了一个新的种末端执行器设计大气机器人。 结果——实验结果表明, 通过本文研究应用晶片传送机器人的转换效率已经得到显着提高。并且晶片变形吸收力得到控制。 实际意义——通过实验可以看出,通过本文的研究,可以用来提高机器人传输能力, 在生产环境中减少晶片变形。还为进一步改进和研究末端执行器打下坚实的基础,。 创意/价值——这是第一次应用研究由壁虎启发了的超细纤维阵列真空晶片传送机器人。本文还通过有限元方法仔细分析不同因素在晶片变形的影响。关键词：晶片传送机器人末端执行器、超细纤维数组、晶片 1.介绍
附录 Software Engineering-A PRACTITIONER’S APPROACH Written by Roger S. Pressman, Ph.D. （P.340-P.343） 13.3DESIGN PRINCIPLES Software design is both a process and a model. The design process is a sequence ofsteps that enable the designer to describe all aspects of the software to be built. It is important to note, however, that the design process is not simply a cookbook. Creative skill, past experience, a sense of what makes “good” software, and an overallcommitment to quality are critical success factors for a competent design. The design model is the equivalent of an architect’s plans for a house. It begins by representing the totality of the thing to be built (e.g., a three-dimensional renderingof the house) and slowly refines the thing to provide guidance for constructing eachdetail (e.g., the plumbing layout). Similarly, the design model that is created for softwareprovides a variety of different views of the computer software. Basic design principles enable the software engineer to navigate the design process.Davis suggests a setof principles for software design, which have beenadapted and extended in the following list: ? The design process should not suffer from “tunnel vision.” A gooddesigner should consider alternative approaches, judging each based on therequirements of the the resources available to do the job, and thedesign concepts presented in Section ? The design should be traceable to the analysis model. Because a singleelement of the design model often traces to multiple requirements, it is necessaryto have a means for tracking how requirements have been satisfied bythe design model. ? The design should not reinvent the wheel. Systems are constructed usinga set of design patterns, many of which have likely been encountered before.These patterns should always be chosen as an alternative to reinvention.Time is short and resources are limited! Design time should be invested inrepresenting truly new ideas and integrating those patterns that already exist. ? The design should “minimize the intellectual distance” between the software and the problem as it exists in the real world.That is, the structure of the software design should (whenever possible)mimic the structure of the problem domain.
软件工程论文参考文献 [1] 杜献峰 . 基于三层 B/S 结构的档案管理系统开发 [J]. 中原工学院学报，2009:19-25 [2]林鹏，李田养. 数字档案馆电子文件接收管理系统研究及建设[J].兰台世界，2008:23-25 [3]汤星群.基于数字档案馆建设的两点思考[J].档案时空，2005:23-28 [4]张华丽.基于 J2EE 的档案管理系统设计与实现[J].现代商贸工业. 2010:14-17 [5] 纪新.转型期大型企业集团档案管理模式研究[D].天津师范大学，2008：46-57. [6] 周玉玲.纸质与电子档案共存及网络环境电子档案管理模式[J].中国科技博览，2009：44-46. [7] 张寅玮.甘肃省电子档案管理研究[D]. 兰州大学，2011:30-42 [8] 惠宏伟.面向数字化校园的档案信息管理系统的研究与实现[D]. 电子科技大学，2006:19-33 [9] 刘冬立.基于 Web 的企业档案管理系统的设计与实现[D].同济大学，2007:14-23 [10]钟瑛.浅议电子文件管理系统的功能要素[J]. 档案学通讯，2006:11-20 [11] 刘洪峰，陈江波.网络开发技术大全[M].人民邮电出版社，2005：119-143. [12] 程成，陈霞.软件工程[M].机械工业出版社，2003：46-80. [13] 舒红平.Web 数据库编程-Java[M].西安电子科技大学出版社，2005：97-143. [14] 徐拥军.从档案收集到知识积累[M].是由工业出版社，2008：6-24. [15]Gary P Johnston，David V. Bowen.he benefits of electronic recordsmanagement systems: a general review of published and some unpublishedcases. RecordsManagement Journal，2005:44-52 [16]Keith Gregory.Implementing an electronic records management system: Apublic sector case study. Records Management Journal，2005:17-21 [17]Duranti Luciana.Concepts，Principles，and Methods for the Management of Electronic RecordsR[J].Information Society，2001：57-60.
Manufacturing Engineering and Technology—Machining Serope kalpakjian；Steven R.Schmid 机械工业出版社2004年3月第1版 20.9 MACHINABILITY The machinability of a material usually defined in terms of four factors: 1、Surface finish and integrity of the machined part; 2、Tool life obtained; 3、Force and power requirements; 4、Chip control. Thus, good machinability good surface finish and integrity, long tool life, and low force And power requirements. As for chip control, long and thin (stringy) cured chips, if not broken up, can severely interfere with the cutting operation by becoming entangled in the cutting zone. Because of the complex nature of cutting operations, it is difficult to establish relationships that quantitatively define the machinability of a material. In manufacturing plants, tool life and surface roughness are generally considered to be the most important factors in machinability. Although not used much any more, approximate machinability ratings are available in the example below. 20.9.1 Machinability Of Steels Because steels are among the most important engineering materials (as noted in Chapter 5), their machinability has been studied extensively. The machinability of steels has been mainly improved by adding lead and sulfur to obtain so-called free-machining steels. Resulfurized and Rephosphorized steels. Sulfur in steels forms manganese sulfide inclusions (second-phase particles), which act as stress raisers in the primary shear zone. As a result, the chips produced break up easily and are small; this improves machinability. The size, shape, distribution, and concentration of these inclusions significantly influence machinability. Elements such as tellurium and selenium, which are both chemically similar to sulfur, act as inclusion modifiers in