冠词(教师版)
一、冠词概述
冠词是虚词,它不能单独使用.只能附在一个名词上说明这个名词.冠词分为不定冠a(an)词和定冠词the.不定冠词一般表示泛指;定冠词一般表示特指.
二、不定冠词a(an)的用法
A. 不定冠词a(an)用于单数可数名词前.a用于辅音字母开始的词前;an用于元音字母开始的词前.如:a girl an English book
B. 不定冠词用来表示类别,指某一类人或某一类事物中的一个(泛指).如:
His father is a doctor. He works in a middle school in Beijing.
C. 不定冠词用于单数可数名词前,可以表示其全类(泛指).如:
An English teacher teaches the students how to learn English.
三、定冠词the的用法
①表示上文提到过的人或事物.
如:He bought an English-Chinese dictionary this morning. The dictionary is very good.
②用于单数可数名词前,表示整体或类别.
如:The panda is a rare animal.
此句等于:A panda is a rare animal. = Pandas are rare animals.
③用来表示世界上独一无二的事物.
如:the sun, the moon, the sky, the earth, the world
④用于表示阶级,党派的名词前.
如:the Chinese Communist Party , the working class the proletariat 无产阶级
⑤常用于含有普通名词或形容词的专有名词前.
A. 用于许多江海,山脉,群岛等名词前:
The Yellow River The East Sea the Himalayas the Pacific Ocean
B. 用于由普通名词构成的国名:
The People's Republic of China the United States
C. 用于机关,团体,朝代,时代,报刊杂志等名词前:
the United Nations the State Council the Tang dynasty the People's Daily
the Summer Palace the Peace Hotel the British Museum
⑥用于表示方位的名词前.
如:the east the southwest the middle the Far East on the left
⑦用于乐器名词前,但汉语拼音的乐器前不用冠词.
如:play the piano play the violin play erhu
⑧用于复数的姓氏前,表示"两夫妇"或"全家",在此情况下,这类名词作复数对待. 如:When we got there, the Lius were waiting for us.
The Smiths watch TV every day.
⑨用于某些形容词或过去分词前,表示一类人或事物.
如:the poor the rich the living the young
the wounded the oppressed the beautiful
⑩用在形容词的最高级前或序数词前.
如:Shanghai is the biggest city in china.
After the game, the first thing they wanted to do was to take a hot bath.
四、零冠词用法
①表示某一类人或事物的复数名词前,不用冠词.
Now people are living a happy life. Trees are planted everywhere.
②不含普通名词的专有名词,表示泛指的物质名词和抽象名词前,不用冠词. We are studying English. He is leaving for America this year.
It is pleasant to walk in soft snow. Love is always stronger than hatred.
③名词前有指示代词,物主代词,不定代词或名词所有格修饰,不用冠词. I like this picture better. Is that your book
Take their chairs away! I do not have any money on me.
As time went on, Einstein's theory proved to be correct.
④季节,月份,星期等名词前,一般不用冠词.
She likes spring while I like summer. We have no classes on Saturday.
The Long March started in October 1934.
⑤表示只有一人担任的职务,头衔的名词前,不用冠词.
We have elected him our monitor.
⑥三餐饭的名词前,一般不用冠词.
When do you have lunch After supper we usually take a walk.
⑦节假日等名词前,不用冠词.
Children all wear their best clothes on National Day.
People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.
注意:在eve后有of短语则要加定冠词:
on the eve of National Day on the eve of New Year's Day
⑧球类和棋类运动的名词前,不用冠词.
play basketball play chess
⑨作表语用表示程度的形容词最高级前,不用冠词.
第2/3页Your help was most timely. This method is most effective.
注意:如果有比较范围,形容词最高级前必须加定冠词:
Of all methods, this is the most effective.
⑩在某些固定词组里,名词前不用冠词.
on foot by train/ boat / plane… in fact as a matter of fact
in class in church in danger in hospital in town
in bed at home at school at daybreak at sunrise
at dusk at sunset at night at noon go to school
go to class go to bed from morning till night from victory to victory from door to door 五、注意事项
①当man作人类讲时,用零冠词. Man will conquer nature.
②某些抽象名词具体化时是可数名词,其前可加a.surprise, fire, joy, He is a success as a teacher. Long Jing is a famous tea in China. ③ a用于姓氏前表示某个只知道名字而不不熟悉的人.
A Mr Liu is waiting to see you outside.
④在某些句型中可加a
It is a pity that you have missed the chance.
It is a shame / a pleasure / a honour for sb. to do sth.
⑤ word 作消息讲时,用零冠词. Word came that he would go abroad.
冠词强化训练
( ) 1.______recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the U.S .would be higher than the number of English speaker by_____ year 2090.
A.A, the
B. A, /
C. The ,/
D. The, a
( ) 2.If you go by ______train ,you can have quite a comfortable journey ,but make sure you get _____fast one.
A. /, /
B./, a
C. the, a
D./,/
( ) 3. It is often said that ____teachers have _______very easy life.
A /,/ B. /,a C. the,/ D. the, a
( ) 4.I can’t remember when exactly the Robinsons left _____city ,I only remember it was ______ Monday.。
A.the , the
B. a ,the
C. a, a
D. the, a
( ) 5.If you grow up in ______large family ,you are more likely to develop _____ability to get on well with ______others .
A. /,an the
B. a, the ,/
C. the ,an ,the
D. a, the ,the
( ) 6.Mrs ,Taylor has ___8-year-old daughter who has _____gift for painting –she has won two national prizes.
A.a, a
B. an ,the
C. an ,a
D. th
( )7.Afetr dinner he gave Mr. Richardson ________ride to ________Capital Airport.
A .the, a B. a the C. /, a D. /, the
( )8.On May 5,2005,at ___World Table Tennis Championship ,Kong Ling hui and WangHao won the gold medal in men’s with ____score of 4:1.
A. a ,a
B. / the
C. a ,/
D. the ,a
( )9.I knew ______John Lennon ,but not ____famous one.
A. /,a
B. a ,the
C. /,the
D. the, a
( )10.The book tells ____life story of John Smith ,who left _______school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16.
A. the, the
B. a , the
C. the./
D. a,/
( )11.When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to _____hotel ; I can find you ______bed in my flat.
A.the ,a
B. the,/
C. a ,the
D. a,/
( )12.If you buy more than ten, they will knock20pence off________.
A. a price
B. price
C. the price
D. prices
( )13.____on-going division between English –speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is _______major concern of the country.
A.The ,/
B. The ,a
C. An ,the
D. An,/
( )14.When he left _____college ,he got a job as ______reporter in a newspaper office .
A. /, a B /, the C .a the D .the, the
( )15The most important thing about cotton in history is ___part that it played in ____Industrial Revolution.
A. /,/
B. the,/
C. the , the
D. a ,the
( )16.While he was investigating ways t improve the telescope Newton made _______discovery which completely changed ____ man’s understanding of color.
A. a ,/
B. a ,the
C. /, the
D. the ,a
( )17.It is ___world of wonders, _____world where anything can happen.
A. a. the
B. a, a
C. the, a
D. /,/
( )19.Tom owns ______larger collection of ______books than any other student in our class.
A.the ,/
B. a,/
C. a ,the
D. /, the
( )20.For a long time they walked without saying ___word .Jim was the first t break _____silence.
A. the, a
B. a ,the
C. a ,/
D. the,/
( )21.There was ____time _____I hated t go to school.
A. a ,that
B. a ,when
C. the ,that
D. the ,when
( )22.When you finish reading the book ,you will have ______better understanding of ______life.,
A. a, the
B. the .a
C. /,the
D.a,/
( )23.I earn 10dollars ____hours as ____supermarket cashier on Saturday.
A.a, an
B. the ,a
C. an ,a D . an ,the
( )24The sign reads “in ease of___fire ,break the glass and push _____red button”
A. /,a
B. /,the
C. the ,the
D. a ,a
( )25.I don’t like talking on ______telephone ; I prefer writing ____letter.
A.a, the
B. the./
C. the ,the
D. A ,/
( )26.Jumping out of ____airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _____exciting experience.
A. /, the
B. /, an
C. an. an
D. the, the
( )27.One way to understand thousands of new words in gain _____good knowledge of basic word formation.
A./ B the C. a D. one
( )28.The cakes are delicious . He’d like have ______third one because _____second one is rather too small.
A.a, a
B. the .the
C. a ,the
D. the ,a
( )29.A bullet hit the solider and he was wounded in ____leg.
A. a B .one C. the D. his
( )30.The warmth of _____sweater will of course be determined by the sort of ___wool used.
A.the, the
B. the ,/
C. /, the
D. /,/
参考答案
1．A report 可数名词，a recent report 一份近来的报告，是泛指；第二个空填the 表特指示2090年。
2．B. by train 乘火车，by 在接交通工具类的同时，一般不接冠词，如by bike , by ship ; 根据句意第二个空应该是泛指。
3．B．teachers 此处用名词复数表泛指，指一切老师；have a ……life 相当于live /lead a……life 过一种、、、、、、样的生活
4．D. leave the city 离开这座城市。a Monday 一个星期一，表泛指。
5.B. a large family 一个大家庭；the ability此处表泛指“与别人相处好的能力”；others其他人表泛指。
6．C. have a gift for …有做、、、的天赋，相当于have a talent for.
7.B. give sb. a ride 让某人搭车，此处ride 是可数名词，表示“搭车”。
8.D. the World Table Tennis Championship是专有名词，由普通名词构成的专有名词，一般前
面要加the；with a score of ……比分是……
9.B. a John Lennon 一个叫做John Lennon的人，表泛指。
10. C leave school 毕业
11．A. go to the hotel 去旅店；a bed 此处表泛指，“一个地方”
12．C. the price 此处表特指，“原价”。
13．B.此句的意思是：在讲英语的加拿大人和讲法语的加拿大人之间的那种逐渐增长的分歧是这个国家一个主要担心的问题。第一个空用the 表特指；第二个空用a表泛指，泛指主要是担心问题中的一个。
14.A. leave college 大学毕业
15.C.the part 特指在工业革命避所起的作用；the Industrial Revolution工业革命
16.A,make a discovery 有了一个发现；man’s understanding of color人类对于颜色的理解，在
物主代词，名词所有格前，一般不用加冠词，man 用单数形式，前面不加冠词，可以表示“人类”。
１７B. a world of wonders 一个充满奇迹的世界；第二个空a world 是前面的同位语，因此还依然用a表泛指
18.D.第一个空填an 表泛指类别。“一个Ａ字型的小屋里”根据句意第二个句子应是对上文
an shaped house 起同位语的用，进一步解释说明，所以还用a表泛指类别。
19.B. a large collection of …一个较大的收集……books 用复数此处表泛指。
20.B.saying a word ,此处a word 指“一个字”；the silence 表特指此时此刻的“沉默”
2１.B. a time 表示一段时间，when 引导定语从句修饰a time.
22.D.have a better understanding of ……对、、、、、有一种更好的理解。
23.D. an hour 表示“每小时”；后一空中的a表示“一个”
24.B.句中fire为不可数名词，前面不用冠词，表示类别；而the red button用于特指，区别
于其他的按纽。
25.B. on the telephone 为固定用法，而第二个空中的letters 表示类别；
26.C. airplane 为可数名词，an airplane 表示泛指，而此处的experience表示“经历”，为可数名词，an exciting experience意为“一次刺激的经历”
27. C.当某些不可数抽象名词含义具体化，而被某些修饰词修饰时，前面要加不定冠词。如
a betty understanding of the passage , a good knowledge of English.
28.C.当序数词表示顺序时前面要回定冠词修饰；当表示“又一；再一”时，前面用不定冠词修饰。
29.C本题考查习惯用法，结构为动词＋sb+介词+the +身体的某个部位。
30.B.句意为“一种毛衣的保暖性取决于所用的羊毛的种类”，此处的the sweater 不是表示特指，而是表示种类；而第二个空中的the sort of wool =the wool ,表示特指的某种。