串行外围接口SPI的访问
作者：Siri Namtvedt 关键字：
? CC1100 ? CC1101 ? CC1150 ? CC2500 ? CC2550 ? SPI
?复位
?突发访问?命令滤波
1 简介
本设计说明的目的是让我们了解该如何配置SPI接口使其能够与CC1100/CC1101/CC1150/CC2500/CC2550连接，并且告诉我们要如何理解状态字节，以及复位开关在SPI接口上是怎么实现的，另外也描述了我们可以使用的不同SPI接口的访问（读/写,单址访问/突发访问以及命令滤波）。
目录
1简介 (1)
2缩写词 (3)
3SPI接口 (3)
3.1SPI接口配置 (3)
3.2 SPI接口的时间要求 (4)
3.3 SPI的访问 (4)
3.4单字节访问 (5)
3.5突发访问 (5)
3.6命令滤波 (5)
4芯片的状态字节 (7)
5复位 (9)
6总说明 (10)
2 缩写词
MCU 微控制器单元
SPI 串行外围接口
3 SPI接口
CC1100/CC1101/CC1150/CC2500/CC2550的接口配置为一个简单的4线SPI兼容接口(SI, SO, SCLK和CSn)，在这里无线电受到MCU的控制。这个接口也可以同时用作写或读缓存数据。在SPI接口上传输的所有地址和数据都要在最重要的位上先进行。
图1 4-线SPI接口
3.1SPI接口配置
配置时要注意连接MCU的SPI接口必须在主模式下操作。配置时钟相位时要确保数据的中心在SCLK周期的第一个正边缘处，在选择极性时要确保SCLK在静止状态时为低电平。
图2 SPI接口的时钟相位和极性
3.2SPI接口的时间要求
关于SPI接口的时间要求，详情请查看芯片数据表。值得注意的是最大SCLK频率(fsclk)是如何改变的，这主要取决于SPI接口的使用情况。SPI时钟运行的最大频率是10 MHz，在地址字节和数据字节（单字节）之间、地址和数据之间或者每一个数据字节之间（突发访问）的最小延迟是100ns。如图3所示。
图3 f SCLK = 10 MHz Max
如果各字节之间没有延迟，那么单通道的最大时钟速度是9MHz（图4），突发访问为6.5MHz（图5）。
3.3SPI的访问
芯片上有47个配置寄存器（地址0000至地址0x2E）。寄存器的读写操作由头地址的R/W 位控制，而burst突发访问位控制访问方式为单字节还是突发访问。
图6 头地址
当CSn变低，我们总是要等到MISO(CHIP_RDYn)变为低电平之后再进行头地址的写操作。CHIP_RDYn信号表明晶体正在运行，调节数字供给电压是稳定的。只要芯片不是在SLEEP或XOFF状态或者一个SRES闪光灯发出命令的情况下，SO引脚总是在CSn变成低电平之后也迅速变为低电平。
图7
图7显示了电磁波从IDLE (1)静止状态转变为SLEEP休眠状态(SPWD)，接着通过发射一个TX滤波(STX) (2)使其在休眠状态后被唤醒的工作过程。当CSn变为低电平时电磁波从休眠状态中唤醒。在CSn首次变为低电平时，MISO变为高电平，然后又立即成为低电平，这样就表示芯片已经准备工作了。当CSn第二次变为低电平时，因为电磁波回到了休眠状态，所以MISO又变为高电平。等到电压调节器稳定之后，晶体开始运行，MISO变回低电平，此时可以安全发送TX滤波。
3.4单字节访问
单字节访问寄存器时，突发访问位必须置0。发送地址头以后可以根据R/W位发送或读入一个数据字节。在数据字节之后等待一个新的地址，因此，CSn继续保持低电平。图8表明了数据0x0A是如何首先写入寄存器0x02，然后从同一个寄存器中读出来的。
3.5突发访问
当突发访问位置1时，电磁波会要求一个地址字节和接下来的连续的数据字节，直到CSn 变为高电平，访问终止。
3.6命令滤波
命令滤波是单字节指令，它可以启动一个内部序列（启动RX，进入掉电模式等）。命令滤波和一系列的状态寄存器（地址0x30到地址0x3F）共享地址。这些状态寄存器不能用突发访问模式来访问。如果突发访问位是1，那么访问的就是状态寄存器；如果突发访问位是0，则发送一个命令滤波。一个命令滤波可能在任何其他SPI访问之后，而不需要将CSn拉至高电平。在处理完一个SRES命令滤波之后，当MISO引脚变成低电平时，可以处理下一个命令滤波。命令滤波可以立即被执行，但是当CSn为高电平时SPWD和SXOFF滤波是例外。
当CSn被拉为低电平时，MISO已经变为低电平，表明芯片已经准备好了。SIDLE（离开RX/TX）滤波紧随在一个寄存器写操作和一个无需等待CHIP_RDYn信号的SRES（重启芯片）滤波后。在复位滤波之后，在MISO变为低电平之前需要一些时间才能读寄存器0x00。从这个寄存器读到的数值是0x29（复位之后的默认数值）。
4芯片的状态字节
当在SPI接口上发送头字节、数据字节或命令滤波时，CC1100在SO引脚上发送芯片状
表1 状态字节概要
当写寄存器时，每次一个头字节或者数据字节在MOSI 引脚上传送，一个状态字节都在MISO 引脚上传送。当读寄存器时，每次一个头字节在 MOSI 引脚上传送时，一个状态字节都在MISO引脚上传送。注意状态字节的4LSB（FIFO_BYTES_AVAILABLE）可以为TX FIFO (R/W = 0) or和RX FIFO (R/W = 1)提供信息。
图11 状态字节说明
第一次转移是将0x0A写到寄存器0x02上。因为这是一个写操作，所以当地址头（1）和数据字节（2）都传送时，状态字节在MISO线上传送。状态字节（0x0F）告诉我们，电磁波处于空闲状态，并且TX FIFO (FIFO_BYTES_AVAILABLE = 15)上有15个或以上的自由字节。
第二次转移是从寄存器0x02上进行读操作。因为这是一个读操作，所以仅仅在传送地址头时状态字节才能在MISO线上传送。在MISO线上的下一个字节是寄存器0x02的内容——0x0A。这个状态字节告诉我们电磁波处在空闲状态（STATE = 0），并且在RX FIFO(FIFO_BYTES_AVAILABLE = 0)上没有字节可用。
5复位
当电源电压满足在数据表中详细列出的需求时，相应的上电复位功能就可以保证。否则，认为芯片处于一个未知状态，直到一个执行SW复位（见图12）。
?选通低/高电平
?相对于把CSn拉低之后，保持CSn高电平至少40μs
?将CSn拉低以等待SO变为低电平
?在SI线上执行SRES滤波
图12 通过SRES的上电复位
看下面的代码：
6总说明
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经典中文的英译 但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。 We wish each other a long life so as to share the beauty of this graceful moonlight, even though miles apart. 独在异乡为异客，每逢佳节倍思亲。 A lonely stranger in a strange land I am cast, I miss my family all the more on every festive day. 大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物。 The endless river eastward flows; with its huge waves are gone all those gallant heroes of bygone years. 二人同心，其利断金。 If two people are of the same mind, their sharpness can cut through metal. 富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能曲，此之谓大丈夫。 It is a true great man whom no money and rank can confuse, no poverty and hardship can shake, and no power and force can suffocate. 海内存知己，天涯若比邻。 A bosom friend afar brings distance near.
合抱之木，生于毫末，九层之台，起于累土；千里之行始于足下。 A huge tree that fills one’s arms grows f rom a tiny seedling; a nine-storied tower rises from a heap of earth; a thousand li journey starts with the first step. 祸兮，福之所依；福兮，祸之所伏。 Misfortune, that is where happiness depends; happiness, that is where misfortune underlies. 见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。 On seeing a man of virtue, try to become his equal; on seeing a man without virtue, examine yourself not to have the same defects. 江山如此多娇，引无数英雄尽折腰。 This land so rich in beauty has made countless heroes bow in homage. 举头望明月，低头思故乡。 Raising my head, I see the moon so bright; withdrawing my eyes, my nostalgia comes around. 俱往矣，数风流人物，还看今朝。 All are past and gone; we look to this age for truly great men.
A Wavelet Based Approach for Fast Detection of Internal Fault in Power Transformers The power transformer is one of the most expensive elements of power system and its protection is an essential part of the overall system protection strategy. The differential protection provides the best protection for power transformer. Its operation principle is based on this point that the differential current during an internal fault is higher than normal condition. But, a large transient current (inrush current) can cause mal-operation of differential relays. Then, studies for the improvement of the transformer protection have focused on discrimination between internal short circuit faults and inrush currents in transformers. The magnetizing inrush current has a large second order harmonic component in comparison to internal faults. Therefore , some transformer protection systems are designed to halt operating during the inrush current by sensing this large second order harmonic. The second harmonic component in the magnetizing inrush currents tend to be relatively small in modern large power transformers because of improvements in the power transformer core materials. Also , it has been seen that the fault current can contain higher second order harmonics than the inrush current due to nonlinear fault resistance, CT saturation .the distributed capacitance in the transmission line, which transformer is connected to, or due to the use of extra high voltage underground cables. Various methods have been suggested for overcoming this protection system mal-operation. This paper presents a wavelet based method for discrimination among inrush current, internal short circuit ,external short circuit and energizing and it is not affected by CT saturation and it is able to detect internal faults while transformer energization. Unlike Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy logic based algorithms. This approach is not system dependent. The operating time of the scheme is less than 10ms. The Daubechies mother wavelet is used with a sample rate of 5 kHz. Then , the differential currents of the three phases are decomposed into two details and only the second level will be considered by using db5 mother wavelet. Discrete Wavelet Transform The wavelet transform is a powerful tool to extract information from the non-stationary signals simultaneously in both time and frequency domains. The ability of the wavelet transform to focus on short time intervals for high-frequency components and long intervals for low-frequency components improves the analysis
经典古文英文翻译CLASSIC LITERATURE IN ENGLISH TRANSLATION -- EXTREMELY USEFUL AND HELPFUL 但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。 We wish each other a long life so as to share the beauty of this graceful moonlight, even though miles apart. 独在异乡为异客，每逢佳节倍思亲。 A lonely stranger in a strange land I am cast, I miss my family all the more on every festive day. 大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物。 The endless river eastward flows; with its huge waves are gone all those gallant heroes of bygone years. 二人同心，其利断金。 If two people are of the same mind, their sharpness can cut through metal. 富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能曲，此之谓大丈夫。 It is a true great man whom no money and rank can confuse, no poverty and hardship can shake, and no power and force can suffocate. 海内存知己，天涯若比邻。 A bosom friend afar brings distance near. 合抱之木，生于毫末，九层之台，起于累土；千里之行始于足下。 A huge tree that fills one’s arms grows from a tiny seedling; a nine-storied tower rises from a heap of earth; a thousand li journey starts with the first step. 祸兮，福之所依；福兮，祸之所伏。 Misfortune, that is where happiness depends; happiness, that is where misfortune underlies. 见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。 On seeing a man of virtue, try to become his equal; on seeing a man without virtue, examine yourself not to have the same defects. 江山如此多娇，引无数英雄尽折腰。 This land so rich in beauty has made countless heroes bow in homage. 举头望明月，低头思故乡。 Raising my head, I see the moon so bright; withdrawing my eyes, my nostalgia comes around. 俱往矣，数风流人物，还看今朝。 All are past and gone; we look to this age for truly great men. 君子成人之美，不成人之恶。 The gentleman helps others to achieve their moral perfection but not their evil conduct. 君子独立不惭于影，独寝不愧于魂。 A righteous man never feels ashamed to face his shadow when standing alone and to face his soul when sleeping alone. 君子之交淡如水，小人之交甘如醴。君子淡以亲，小人甘以绝。 The friendship between men of virtue is light like water, yet affectionate; the friendship between men without virtue is sweet like wine, yet easily broken. 老吾老以及人之老，幼吾幼以及人之幼。 Expend the respect of the aged in one’s family to that of other families; expend the love of the young ones in one’s fa mily to that of other families. 礼尚往来。往而不来，非礼也；来而不往，亦非礼也。 Propriety suggests reciprocity. It is not propriety not to give out but to receive, or vice versa.
文献翻译 原文 Combining JSP and Servlets The technology of JSP and Servlet is the most important technology which use Java technology to exploit request of server, and it is also the standard which exploit business application .Java developers prefer to use it for a variety of reasons, one of which is already familiar with the Java language for the development of this technology are easy to learn Java to the other is "a preparation, run everywhere" to bring the concept of Web applications, To achieve a "one-prepared everywhere realized." And more importantly, if followed some of the principles of good design, it can be said of separating and content to create high-quality, reusable, easy to maintain and modify the application. For example, if the document in HTML embedded Java code too much (script), will lead the developed application is extremely complex, difficult to read, it is not easy reuse, but also for future maintenance and modification will also cause difficulties. In fact, CSDN the JSP / Servlet forum, can often see some questions, the code is very long, can logic is not very clear, a large number of HTML and Java code mixed together. This is the random development of the defects. Early dynamic pages mainly CGI (Common Gateway Interface, public Gateway Interface) technology, you can use different languages of the CGI programs, such as VB, C / C + + or Delphi, and so on. Though the technology of CGI is developed and powerful, because of difficulties in programming, and low efficiency, modify complex shortcomings, it is gradually being replaced by the trend. Of all the new technology, JSP / Servlet with more efficient and easy to program, more powerful, more secure and has a good portability, they have been many people believe that the future is the most dynamic site of the future development of technology. Similar to CGI, Servlet support request / response model. When a customer submit a request to the server, the server presented the request Servlet, Servlet responsible for handling requests and generate a response, and then gave the server, and then from the server sent to
Exercise I. Translate the following sentences into English. 1.如今，作为东方艺术的一颗璀璨的明珠，京剧不仅在中国各地喜闻乐见，而且已被全世界人民广泛接受。 2.根据所表演角色的性别、年龄和社会地位的不同，演员角色分成四类：生（男角）、旦（女角）、净（花脸男角）、丑 （丑角）。 3.京剧的独特艺术魅力使它经久不衰：它创造了一种台上台下演员观众相互交融的美学欣赏与享受。 4.他曾成功地塑造了许多古代中国妇女的形象，完美地表现了她们的温柔、优雅和细腻。 5.梅兰芳也是把京剧介绍到国外的第一人。 6.作为中国的文化瑰宝，京剧必将获得全中国和全世界人民越来越多的喜爱。 Key to Exercise I. 1.Today, as one of the glowing pearls of oriental arts, not only has Beijing Opera been widely enjoyed all over China, it has also been well received all over the world. 2.According to the gender, age and social position of the different roles which they play, actors and actresses are divided into four categories: sheng (male roles), dan (female roles), jing (male roles with facial paintings) and chou (clowns). 3.The uniqueness of Beijing Opera makes its artistic charm so everlasting: the creation of an aesthetic co-appreciation between the actors and actresses on stage and the audience off stage. 4.Mei Lanfang had created very successfully various images of ancient Chinese women and expressed their tenderness, elegance and subtlety. 5.Mei Lanfang was also the first person who introduced Beijing Opera to foreign countries. 6.Being a great treasure of the Chinese culture, Beijing Opera will surely be more and more appreciated by people in China and in the whole world. Exercise II. Make a web advertisement in English, based on the information given in Chinese. 著名的京剧武生徐力先生最近接受了我们舞蹈学校的邀请，担任高级舞蹈教员。武生是京剧中的一个重要生角。武生的特点是武艺好，身手矫健敏捷。武生演员常通过在舞台上翻滚武打（tumbles, tweists, and somersaults）来表现他们高超的武艺。武生的动作准确有力，是大量艰苦训练的结果。 中国古典舞蹈和民族舞蹈的舞台技巧和身段（floor skills and postures）大多来自中国传统戏曲的武功（acrobatic skills）。我们舞蹈学校非常荣幸能够请到徐先生教授女子班毯子功(floor skills)和男子班的功夫课。有关课程安排请点击此网址。 Key to Ex. II Make a web advertisement in English, based on the information given in Chinese. A Rare Opportunity The famous Beijing Opera performer of Wu Sheng (acrobatic male role), Mr Xu Li, recently accepted an engagement with our Dancing School. Wu Sheng is a very important role in Beijing Opera. It requires a high level of acrobatic skills. Wu Sheng actors often show off their skills with tumbles, twists, and somersaults on the stage. These skills and movements require great precision in timing and strength, which takes a lot of training and exercise. Many of the floor skills and postures of classic and ethnic Chinese dances were originally from the acrobatic skills of traditional Chinese operas. Our dancing school is very fortunate to have Mr Xu Li to teach our Floor Skills class for girls and Kungfu class for boys. For class schedule, please click HERE. Exercise III. Translate the following sentences into English. 1.齐白石以革新水墨画和毕生献身于这项中国的传统艺术形式而闻名于世。 2.他在几天后把那幅画重画了很多次，但是总比不上他当天即兴完成的作品。 3.兰亭序的极高的艺术价值促使更多书法家临摹王羲之的字体。 4.一个好的书法家所写出来的字必须充满生气，活力并具备完美的形体。 5.书法是一门艺术，它需要清醒的头脑以及对毛笔有全面的掌握。 6.这个年轻演员认识到自己的演技还差，无法与他老师的演技相提并论。 Key Exercise III.
课本翻译的答案（整理）： Unit1 英译汉A 1.The college schedule is very different than the traditional high school schedule. Generally, there is a lot more flexibility with your college classes. 大学的日程安排跟传统高中差别很大，通常大学课程有更多的灵活性。 2.The other cool thing about the college schedule is that you usually have more opportunities to explore your interests and passions. 大学日程安排还有一件事很酷，你通常有更多的机会发展自己的兴趣爱好。 3.There will always be some courses that are only offered on certain days at certain times, but for the most part, there are a lot of options to think about! 总有些课程是只在固定日子的固定时段开的，但是对于大多数课程，你有很多选择！ 4.However, college is like high school in that you will have the opportunity to get involved by joining different clubs, organizations, and maybe even by getting a part-time job. 然而，在大学像在高中一样你有机会参加各种活动，加入不同的俱乐部和组织，甚至可能找到一份兼职。 5.Of course, the best way to see what a true day in the life of a college student is like is to actually get the schedules of some college students! 当然，要看一个大学生一天的真实生活是什么样的，最好的方式其实是拿到一些大学生的日程表。 B 1.caught a glimpse of him sitting in the car 2.in search of new opportunities 3.without my being aware of it 4.are involved in different extracurricular activities 5.but ignore others' feeling 汉译英 如今，中国共有大约2500万名大学生，是十年前的五倍，并且这个数字有望持续增长。中国设立的学位制度包括学士、硕士和博士三个学位等级(Bachelors, Masters and Doctoral degrees)。中国的大学通常依据学生的高考(the National Higher Education Entrance Examination)成绩招生。公立大学对学生择优录取，被看做国家经济的主力。踌躇满志的学子们急切地等待考试结果，因为成绩能决定他们是否能进入著名的公立大学。 Today, there are about 25 million university students in China—five times the number a decade ago—and that number is expected to keep growing. China has set up a degree system, including Bachelors, Masters and Doctoral degrees. Universities in China generally select their students based on students’performances in the National Higher Education Entrance Examination. Publicly run schools get their pick of the best students and are viewed as engines of the economy. Ambitious students eagerly await their exam results, which determine whether they can get into a prestigious public school.
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In short,we must study happiness scientifically 总之，必须科学地研究这个问题。 This conclusion is grounded in scores of studies around the word 这一结论是从世界范围内的几十个调查研究中得出的。 And what we also are doing is showing off 我们同样也在卖弄 And (although we have been taught that it's bad to boast, that it's trashy to toot our own horn),that nice people don't strut their stuff，seek attention or name-drop，there are times when showing off maybe forgivable and maybe even acceptable 尽管有人教导我们说，自我吹嘘不好，自吹自擂没用，好人从不炫耀自己，从不出风头或借名人来抬高自己。然而，有些时候卖弄可以得到原谅，甚至是可以接受的。 “Oh，I don't know，”he replied，“but all of a sudden the talk started getting so superficial.” “哦，没什么，”他回答说，“不过，我感到话题一下子变得那么肤浅了。” Sometimes showoffs ask for cheers to which they're not entitled 有的时候，卖弄者们企求他们没资格得到的喝彩 For we know very well—I certainly know— that( if we'd been that lucky lady，we'd have worked our triumph into the conversation) 我们很清楚，假如我们是那位幸运的女士的话，我们就会想方设法把自己的胜利纳入话题，这一点我当然明白。 As a matter of fact，I'll lay my cards right on the table and confess that the first time some poems of mine were published,I not only worked my triumph into every conversation for months and months),but I also called almost every human being I'd ever known to proclaim the glad tidings both local and long distance. 其实，我可以坦白交代：当我诗歌首次发表时，我不仅成年累月地谈及此事，还不厌其烦地打电话给本地的和外地的几乎所有认识的人，宣告喜讯。 "Enough about me.Let's talk about you.So what do you think