一、句子成分(Members of a Sentence)
英语得句子成分主要有六种:即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语与补语。(可以熟记为:主谓宾,定状补)除了这六种主要成分之外,还有“表语”、“同位语”与“独立成分”得说法。但表语与系动词一起作谓语,因此划分成分时,划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语与宾语同位语,属于主语或宾语得一部分。独立成分与句子得其她成分没有语法上得联系,能用作独立成分得有:感叹词、呼语与插入语。
1、主语:主语就是一个句子所叙述得主体,一般位于句首,通常由名词性得词来充当。可以作主语得词性或语法结构有:①名词②代词③数词④名词化得形容词(如the rich)⑤不定式⑥动名词⑦主语从句等表示。例如:Tom is a clever boy、(专有名词人名作主语)
画出句子得主语,并说明其构成方式:
①During the 1990s, American country music has bee more and more popular、
②We often speak English in class、
③One-third of the students in this class are girls、
④To swim in the river is a great pleasure、
⑤Smoking does harm to the health、
⑥The rich should help the poor、
⑦When we are going to have an English test has not been decided、
⑧It is necessary to master a foreign language、
⑨That he isn’t at home is not true、
正确运用主语得各种形式
2、谓语:谓语由动词充当,说明主语所做得动作或具有得特征与状态,一般放在主语之后。谓语得构成如下:
(1)简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。例如:
He practises running every morning、(动词practise作谓语)
We usually listen to the music on weekends、(动词短语listen to作谓语)
(2)复合谓语:
①由情态动词或其她助动词加动词原形构成。例如:
You may keep the book for two weeks、He has caught a bad cold、
②由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语,要与表语一起作谓语。例如:
We are students、Your idea sounds great、
画出句子得谓语,并说明其构成方式:
①My sister is crying over there、
②I have been waiting for you all the time、
③I would stay at home all day、
正确运用主语得各种形式
3、表语:表语多就是形容词,用以说明主语得身份、特征与状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, keep, stay,
remain, seem, appear, look, smell, sound, feel, taste, bee, get, grow, go, turn, prove等)之后。可以作表语得词性或语法结构有:①名词②代词③数词④分词⑤不定式⑥动名词⑦介词短语⑧副词⑨表语从句等表示。例如:She is very beautiful、(形容词作表语)
画出句子得表语,并说明其构成方式:
①Our teacher of English is an American、
②Is it yours?
③The weather has turned cold、
④The speech is exciting、
⑤Three times seven is twenty one、
⑥His job is to teach English、
⑦His hobby is playing football、
⑧The machine must be under repair、
⑨The truth is that he has never been abroad、
正确运用主语得各种形式
4、宾语:宾语由名词性得词充当,表示动作得对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词与介词后面。宾语分为动词宾语与介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构与介宾结构。可以作表语得词性或语法结构有:①名词②代词③数词④名词化得分词⑤不定式⑥动名词⑦宾语从句等表示。例如:
They went to see an exhibition yesterday、(名词作动宾)
画出句子得表语,并说明其构成方式:
①They planted many trees yesterday、
②-- How many dictionaries do you have? --I have five、
③They helped the old with their housework yesterday、
④I wanted to buy a car、
⑤He pretended not to see me、
⑥I enjoy listening to popular music、
⑦I think(that)he is fit for his office、
正确运用主语得各种形式
5.补语:
(1)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,才能使句子得意义完整。宾语补足语与宾语构成逻辑上得主谓关系,换句话说,在意思上,宾语相当于宾补得主语。带有宾语补足语得一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等)+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语与从句充当。可以作表语得词性或语法结构有:①名词②形容词③可作表语得副词④不定式⑥分词⑦介词短语⑧从句等表示。例如:
Disney called it Mickey Mouse、(专有名词作宾补)
画出句子得表语,并说明其构成方式:
①His father named him Dongming、
②They painted their boat white、
③Let the fresh air in、
④You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you、
⑤We saw her entering the room、
⑥We found everything in the lab in good order、
⑦We will soon make our city what your city is now、
⑧I want your homework done on time、
正确运用主语得各种形式
(2)主语补足语:对主语得补充。含有宾语补足语得句子在变成被动语态,宾语作主语时,原来得宾补就成了主语补足语。例如:
He was elected monitor、
She was found singing in the next room、
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson、
6、定语:定语就是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用得词、短语或句子,汉语中常用“……得”表示。定语通常位于被修饰得成分前。可以作表语得词性或语法结构有:①形容词②名词③代词④数词⑤副词⑥不定式⑦动名词⑧分词⑨介词短语⑩从句。例如:
Guilin is a beautiful city、(形容词作定语)
在英语中,许多情况下,定语就是放在所修饰词后面得,这点与汉语习惯不同,也就是许多同学不能读懂长句得主要原因。例如:
①形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。单个形容词作定语一般放在所修饰词之前,而形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。例如:
The next man is a scientist、(下一个) The man next to me is a scientist、(我旁边得那个人)
②副词用作定语一般要后置。例如:
People there are very friendly、(那儿得人们) He didn’t like the man downstairs、(楼下得那个人)
③介词短语作定语时要后置。例如:
The boy under the tree is Tom、(树下得那个男孩)
?The teaching plan for next term has been worked out、
?China is a developing country; America is a developed country、
?He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man、
正确运用主语得各种形式
7、状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 说明动作或状态特征得句子成分,叫作状语。例如:
He writes carefully、He walks slowly、(认真地写,慢慢地走,修饰动词用副词,作状语)
This material is environmentally friendly、(修饰形容词用副词,作状语)
He runs very slowly、(修饰副词slowly, 因此very就是副词,作状语)
Unfortunately, he lost all of his money、(修饰整个句子用副词,作状语)
*一个句中有几个并列状语时,其顺序较灵活,但一般就是:方式→地点→时间。如:
He worked hard at his lessons last year、
I found a lost pen outside our school yesterday morning、
He was walking slowly outside the park at that moment、
*频度副词often, always, usually, sometimes, never等在句中得位置:位于情态动词、系动词、助动词之后, 实义动词之前。
You can never tell what he will do、He is often late、
He is always helping others、He often came late、
*语按意义分类:在句子成分中,主语、谓语、宾语、定语、表语、补语都比较好辨认,如果这几个成分都不就是,那很可能就就是状语了。因此,状语得种类很多,可以表示时间、地点、原因、目得、结果、程度、条件、方式与让步等。
指出下列画线部分属于什么状语。
①How about meeting again at six?
②Mr、Smith lives on the third floor、
③Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain、
④She put the eggs into the basket with great care、
⑤She came in with a dictionary in her hand、
⑥In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder、
⑦To make his dream e true, Tom bees very interested in business、
⑧The boy needs a pen very much、
⑨The boy really needs a pen、
⑩He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately、
?She works very hard though she is old、
?I am taller than he is、
?I shall go there if it doesn’t rain、
?On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom、
?Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen、
正确运用主语得各种形式
8、同位语:同位语就是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明得成分,近乎于后置定语。例如: We students should study hard、(students就是we得同位语,都就是指同一批“学生”)
It’s good to us students、(students就是us得同位语,都就是指同一批“学生”)
选择正确答案,并口头说出句中那个就是同位语。
①The young man, ______, works in the office、
A、me brother
B、my brother
C、my brothers
D、me
②Our English teacher, ______, often helps us with study、
A、Mrs、Wang
B、Mrs、Wangs
C、Mrs、Wang’s、
D、of
him
③______, some railway workers, are busy repairing the train、
A.Them B、He C、They D、Theirs
正确运用主语得各种形式
9.独立成分:
二、简单句得五种基本结构
1、英语句子得基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,就是掌握各种英语句子结构得基础。
2、英语五种基本句型结构如下:
主语+ 谓语
3、用符号表示为:
①ＳＶ(主＋谓)
②ＳＶＯ(主＋谓＋宾)
③ＳＶｏＯ(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)
④ＳＶＯＣ(主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)
⑤ＳＶＰ(主＋系＋表)
主语(subject) 谓语(predicate)
宾语(object) 定语(attribute)
状语(adverbial) 补语(plement)
表语(predicative)
基本句型一:ＳＶ(主＋谓)
这类句子得谓语动词都就是不及物动词,都不带宾语,但可以带状语。
*尝试划分下列句子得成分:
①It is raining now、②We’ve worked for 5 hours、
③The meeting lasted half an hour、④Time flies、
基本句型二: ＳＶＯ(主＋谓＋宾)
此结构就是由“主语+及物动词(词组)+宾语”构成。
*用下划线划分下列句子得成分。
Still waters run deep、静水流深。
(6)终止系动词
表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达“证实”,“变成”之意。如:
The rumor proved false、这谣言证实有假。
His plan turned out a success、她得计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果) What he predicted turned out (to be) wrong、她预言得结果就是错得。
*用下画线画出下列句中得系动词。
①His advice proved right、②The shop stays open till 8 o’clock、
③The machine went wrong、④All these efforts seem in vain、
⑤These words sound reasonable、⑥The room soon became crowded、
⑦The days are getting longer and longer、⑧He fell ill yesterday、
⑨Trees turn green in spring、⑩What you said sounds great、
正确运用主语得各种形式
一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解： （一）句子成分 1.主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 The sun rises in the east.（名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 找出下列句中的主语： Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词） She went out in a hurry.（代词） Four plus four is eight.（数词） To see is to believe.（不定式） Smoking is bad for health.（动名词） The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词）What he has said is true. （句子） 2.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）： 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练 习 主语（subject ）:句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. （名词） Tvventy years is a short time in history.（数词） To see is to believe ? （不定式） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It 形式主语，主语从句是真正主 语） 谓语（predicate ）:说明主语的动作、状态和特 征。 表语（predicative ）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 Seventy-four! You don' t look it.（代词） Five and five is ten.（数词） He is asleep.（形容词） His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. （介词短语） My v/atch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词） To v/ear a flower is to say " I' m poor, I can' t buy a ring.（不；卫式） The question is v/hether they vnll come. （表语从句） 常见的系动词有： be, sound （听起来），look （看起来），feel （摸起来，smell （闻起来）,taste （尝、吃起来）， remain （保持，仍是）,feel （感觉）??? 宾语: 1） 动作的承受者动宾 I like China.（名词） He hates you.（代词） How many do you need? We need two ?（数词） We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动需词） I hope to see you again.（不立式） Did you write dov/n v/hat he said?（宾语从句） 2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词…介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks ? 3） 双宾语…-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor. （名词） We all think it a pity that she didn' t come here.（名） We will make them happy.（形容词）We found nobody in.（副词） We study English. He is asleep. He likes dancing. Seeing is believing ? What he needs is a book. （代词） （动名词） （主语从 He is a teacher. （名词） It sou nds a good idea ? Her voice sounds sweet ? The food smells delicious. The door remains open. The sou nd sounds stra nge. Tbm looks thin. The food tastes good ? Nov/1 feel tired.
英语句子基本结构 英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下： S十V主谓结构 S十V十F主系表结构 S十V十O主谓宾结构 S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾 语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾 语补足语五个基本句式详细解释如下： 1．S十V句式 在此句式中，V是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi．)。例如： He runs quickly．他跑得快。 They listened carefully．他们听得很仔细。 He suffered from cold and hunger．他挨冻受饿。 China belongs to the third world country．中国属于第三世界国家。 The gas has given out．煤气用完了。 My ink has run out．我的钢笔水用完了。 2．S十V十P句式 在此句式中，V是系动词(link v．)，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。例如： He is older than he looks．他比看上去要老。 He seen interested in the book．他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来有趣。 The desk feels hard．书桌摸起来很硬。 The cake tastes nice．饼尝起来很香。 The flowers smell sweet and nicc．花闻起来香甜。 You have grown taller than before．你长得比以前高了。 He has suddenly fallen ill．他突然病倒了。 He stood quite still．他静静地站看。 He becomes a teacher when he grew up．他长大后当了教师。 He could never turn traitor to his country．他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 注意：有些动词同时也是及物动词，可构成SVO句式，例如： He looked me up and down．他上下打量我。 He reached his hand to feel the elephant．他伸出手来摸象。 They are tasting the fish．他们在品尝鱼。 They grow rice in their home town．他们在家乡种水稻。 He's got a chair to sit on．他有椅子坐。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 简单句的五个基本句型 ?主语＋不及物动词She came．. ?主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English. ?主语＋系动词＋主语补语 ?She is happy． ?主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 ?She gave John a book． ?She bought a book for me. ?主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语 ?She makes her mother angry． ?The teacher asked me to read the passage. ?（There +be There lies a book on the desk. 主谓宾 ?名／代－－动词－－名／代 ?we-- saw --you. ?we-- did --the work. ?主系表 ?名／代－系动词－形容次／名词／代词 ?you are beautiful ?you seems worried. ?you are a stufent.
?相同点都三部分，主语也一样．不同动词和系动词，时态一样，否定式不同．动词加助动词，系动词不用．表语可以是形容词，宾语不行．只有宾语有补足语 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种： ?主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 ?1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 ?如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) ?2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。 ?如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) ?3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。 ?如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 ?如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) ?有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。 ?如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) ?有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。 如：He works hard .(他工作努力)
英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习 一、句子的基本结构（5种） 1、主语+谓语（s+v） 2、主语+系动词+表语（s+l+p） 3、主语+谓语+宾语（s+v+o） 4、主语+谓语+间接宾语（指人）+直接宾语（指物） (s+v+io+do) 5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（s+v+o+c） 二、句子成分：（主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、同位语、插足语） 1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east （） He likes dancing. （） Twenty years is a short time in history. ( ) Seeing is believing. （） To see is to believe.（） What he needs is a book.（） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（） (一）指出下列句中主语的中心词 ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficu lt. 2. 谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词 组担任，放在主语的后面。We study English. He is asleep. (二). 选出句中谓语的中心词 ① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get C. days D. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词） Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词） To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式） The question is whether they will come. （表语从句） 常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）... It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 宾语： 1）动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词） How many do you need? We need two. （数词） We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again. （不定式）Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句） 2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor. （名词）We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名）We will make them happy. （形容词）We found nobody in. ( 副词) Please make yourself at home. 介词短语）Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式） His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式） Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词）I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）
目标满分班名师培优精讲 第1 讲 【教学标题】 英语句子成分 【教学目标】 让学生完全掌握英语句子的成分问题，使学生能够更好的理解句子结构 【教学重点】 1.句子成分的划分 2.句子的主要成分 3.句子的次要成分 4.作各个成分相应的词性 【教学难点】 1.句子的主要成分 2.状语的识别 3.定语的识别 4.宾语补足语 【教学内容】 句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 句子成分有主要成分和次要成分：主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 A.主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。 一句话语法: 主语由名词性的词来充当.
例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） The students all love their English teacher. We often speak English in class.（代词） They go to school by bus. One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） To see is to believe. Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. It’s no use regretting it. The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）B.谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。注意动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语，不能作谓语。 一句话语法: 谓语由动词充当。 有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么乱用be动词,要么句子没有谓语动词. 1、可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和连系动词(表状态)，行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语，又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。 （1）、及物动词作谓语 We should help each other.
一、句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”、“同位语”和“独立成分”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。独立成分与句子的其他成分没有语法上的联系，能用作独立成分的有：感叹词、呼语和插入语。 1.主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。可以作主语的词性或语法结构有：①名词②代词③数词④名词化的形容词（如the rich）⑤不定式⑥动名词⑦主语从句等表示。例如：Tom is a clever boy.（专有名词人名作主语） 画出句子的主语，并说明其构成方式： ①During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. ①We often speak English in class. ①One-third of the students in this class are girls. ①To swim in the river is a great pleasure. ①Smoking does harm to the health. ①The rich should help the poor. ①When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. ①It is necessary to master a foreign language. ①That he isn’t at home is not true. 正确运用主语的各种形式
第一章句子成分和简单句基本句型 一、句子成分 构成篇章的基本单位是句子，组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分都是由单词、短语或从句充 其中，主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。表语、宾语和补足语是谓语的组成部分。其他成分如定语和状语是句子的修饰部分。 二、充当句子成分的各种形式 主语:主语可以由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等来担任。 1.名词 All efforts will be in vain if we can‘t learn English by practicing repeatedly. 如果我们不通过反复练习来学习英语，所有的努力将付之东流。 2.数词 Two thirds of them can play more than one musical instrument.他们中有2/3的人不只能演奏一种乐器。 3.代词 Who knows the answer? 谁知道答案？ 4.不定式 To see is to believe.眼见为实 It‘s an honor to make a speech here. 在这里发言我很荣幸。 5.动名词 In my opinion, cloning should be dealt with carefully. 我认为应该慎重对待克隆。 6.名词化的形容词或分词 The old should be respected.老人因该受到尊重。 The disabled will receive more money. 残疾人会收到更多的钱。 7.名词性短语 The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.老师和同学们要去参观博物馆。 8.主语从句 What he said didn‘t agree with what he did. 他的言行不一。 主语从句常使用it 作形式主语。 It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny‘s birthday party or not. It happened that he was out when I got there. 当我到那儿时，碰巧他不在。 考查对句中主语的确定 【技巧点拨】 1．对句中主语的考查通常出现在强调句型中，即― It is/ was + 主语（强调部分）+ that+谓语部分‖。注意充当主语的应该是名词、代词、名词性词组或名词性从句。动词原形，介词词组或一个具有完整意义但缺少连词的简单句都是不能充当主语的。 2.句中的主语直接决定了谓语动词的单复数。对主语的确定不能被一些表象所迷惑。尤其要能辨识下面这种现象，即当主语后面跟有as well as, along with, together with, like ,but, except, in addition to 等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数按主语的单复数而定。 It was ____ computer games that cost the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons. A. to have played B. playing C. played D. having played
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe.（不定式） What he needs is a book.（主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） (一）指出下列句中主语的中心词 ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do toda y's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. 2. 谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。 We study English. He is asleep. (二). 选出句中谓语的中心词 ① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus
句子的成分 1 句子的成分 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子主体部分（在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语）。表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。下面我们分别讲述一下句子的各个成分： 1 主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。 We study in No.1 Middle School.（讲述“谁”～） The classroom is very clean. （讲述“什么”很干净） Three were absent.（数词作主语） To teach them English is my job. （不定式作主语） 注意 不定式作主语时，常用形式主语it句型，因此左例可变为It is my job to teach them English. （真正的主语是to teach them English.） 2 谓语 说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”。 谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须用动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。His Parents are doctors. （系动词作谓语） She looks well.（系动词作谓语） We study hard.（实义动词作谓语） He can speak English. （情态动词和实义动词作谓语） 3 表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。 You look younger than before.（形容词作表语） I am a teacher.（名词作表语） Everybody is here.（副词作表语） They are at home now.（介词短语作表语） My job is to teach them English.（不定式作表语） 4 ,宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么，在谓语之后。 She is playing the piano now.（名词作宾语） He often helps me.（代词作宾语）
英语句子成分和句子结 构分析 Company Document number：WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-BWYTT-1982GT
英语句子成分和句子结构分析语法讲解1 认识语法 一、英语语法分为两大部分 词法（微观遣词）；句法（宏观造句） 01词法（微观遣词） 1.实词：有实际意义的词。 名词n.：表事物名称 动词vi./vt.：行为，动态。 vi.不及物动词，本身可以表达完整意义，后面不需要带宾语 vt.及物动词，本身无法表达完整意义，后面必须带宾语 形容词adj.：修饰n. 副词adv.：修饰v./adj.或者句子中其他adv或者整个句子 代词Pron.：代替n. 数词num.：表数量（基数词），表顺序（序数词） 2.虚词：没有实际意义的词。 介词prep.：说明词与词之间的关系 连词conj.：说明句子与句子之间的关系 冠词art.：在n.前，限定n. 感叹词int.：表达感叹 02句法（宏观造句） 1.句子的成分 2.句子结构 3.句子的变化 4.句子的功能 5.句子的类型：简单句，并列句，复合句 6.复合句：名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句 二、语法四大原则 1.词性决定词用 2.同类同用 同种类型的词，用法相同，越细分，越一致 3.动词即句魂 句子里最重要的是谓语，谓语部分最重要的就是动词 4.举一反三 由表及里，发掘句子结构，归属；认识句子本质，由点及面，放大到句群。语法精讲2 句子的成分 主体：主语，谓语，宾语，表语
次体：定语，状语，补语，同位语 主语：一个句子的主体，是全句述说的对象。常由名词，代词或相当于名词或代词的词担任，一般放在句首。 The sun(名词n.) rises in the east. W e(代词pron.) are friends T wenty years(数词num.) is a short time in history. S eeing（动名词） is believing T o be a teacher(不定式)is my dream W hat he needs(句子)is a book 主语从句 I t（形式主语）is time to go home（真正的主语）形式主语是为保持 句子平衡 谓语：表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或动词词组担任，放在主语的后面W e study(实意动词)English！ I can（情态动词）do it! I don’t（助动词）know! H e is（系动词）asleep. 宾语：表示谓语行为的对象，常由名词，代词或相当于名词的词担任，一般放在及物动词或者介词之后。 I play with him(代词) I like china（名词） H ow many do you need——we need two（数词） I enjoy working with you（动名词） I hope to see you again（不定式） D id you write downwhat he said（句子） U nder the snow（介宾短语）,there are many rocks. H e gave me（间接宾语）a book（直接宾语） yesterday 表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态，一般由名词或者形容词担任。凡是系动词(be 动词,感官动词等)出现的地方，后面必定带着表语 He is a teacher(名词) Seventy-four !you don’t look it（代词） F ive and five is ten（数词） H e is asleep（形容词） T his picture is on the wall（介词短语） M y watch is missing/lost （形容词化的分词） T o wear a flower is to say“ I’m poor ,I can’t buy a ring”(不定式) T he question is whether they will come（句子） 语法精讲3 定语：用来修饰或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或者从句担任，形容词放在名词前面。相当于形容词的短语或者从句放在名词后面。 H e is a clever boy T his is an apple tree
英语句子成分及简单句型结构 一、介绍与其重要性 学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，就能写出完整、正确的句子。句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种。 定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语 次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语 二、英语句子成分分析解读 找出句中主语 The sun rises in the east. Twenty years is a short time in history. The poor are now living in the shelter. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. He likes dancing. What he needs is a book.
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. ㈡谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing 英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，分成不及物动词与和及物动词。 及物动词(vt.) ：及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语），并且可直接跟宾语。如： He reached Paris . 不及物动词（vi. ）：不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。若要跟宾语，必须先在其后加上某个介词。 如: Look! She is singing. Look at me carefully! 类似的还有：agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed... 易误用作及物动词的9个不及物动词： 误：deal a problem 正：deal with a problem 处理问题 误：depend sb. 正：depend on sb. 依靠（依赖）某人误：insist doing sth. 正：insist on doing sth. 坚持要做某事 误：knock the door 正：knock on [at] the door 敲门 误：operate sb. 正：operate on sb. 为某人做手术 误：participate sth. 正：participate in sth. 参加某事误：refer sth. 正：refer to sth. 查阅（参考)某物误：rely sb. / sth. 正：rely on sb. / sth. 依靠（依赖） 误：reply a letter 正：reply to a letter 回信
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句 是真正主语） 谓语（predicate）说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 表语（predicative）系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词） Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone missing lost. （形容词化的分词） To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式） The question is whether they will come. （表语从句） （常见的系动词有be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻 起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）... It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词）
【英语】英语句子结构与成分练习全集及解析 一、句子结构与成分 1．The sentence structure of "They talked for an hour." is " ". A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+A 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：句子"They talked for an hour."的结构是什么？A.主语+谓语+宾语； B.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语； C.主语+谓语+状语。they是主语；talked是谓语；for an hour是状语，故选C。 【点评】考查句子结构，注意平时识记其分类。 2．John calls his dog Eddie. The structure of the sentence is _______. A. S+V+O B. S+V+P C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO+OC 【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意：约翰叫他的狗Eddie.这个句子的结构是_____________.根据句子可知这个句子的结构是：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。故答案为D。 【点评】考查句子成分。牢记句子成分。 3．This cake is really big. _______ share it. A. May be we can B. We may be can C. Maybe we can D. Maybe can we 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意“蛋糕真的很大，也许我们可以分享它”。maybe为副词，也许，可能，放于句首。may be中may是情态动词，be是动词原形，为系表结构，译为“也许是，可能是”。根据句意，故选C。 【点评】此题考查简单句和副词的用法。 4．What is the sentence pattern（句型）of the sentence"Linda bought a book yesterday."？A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V +IO +DO D. S+V+O+OC 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意："Linda bought a book yesterday."属于哪种句型。A是主谓结构；B 是主谓宾结构；C是主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语；D是主谓+宾语+宾补。Linda是主语（S）；bought是谓语动词（V），a book是宾语（O）；故答案为C。 【点评】考查简单句的基本结构。 5．The young man ________ glasses is my teacher. A. wear B. wears C. put on D. with 【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意：带着眼镜的年轻人是我的老师。这个句子是简单句，根据is可知句子结构是系表结构，wear穿着，戴着，动词，put on穿上，戴上，动词短语，所以A,B,C三个选项都不正确，故选D。