I. Life Science 生命科学
The Five Senses
视觉、听觉、味觉、嗅觉和触觉是人类最基本的五种感觉，即五官感觉。我们通过它们感知外界物体，获取与机体生存紧密相关的重要信息，从而对所处环境作出分析判断。五感在我们的日常生活中扮演了至关重要的角色。
Sport injuries
肌肉是支撑人体活动的重要部分，我们要小心保护，防止肌肉受伤。
·Warm-up
Do you know any kind of sport injuries? Have you suffered from any of them?
·Big question to think about while you read
What are sprains and fractures?
Sprains occur when a muscle is pulled too far. The result can be a break or a tear of a ligament. Sprains can sometimes happen as the result of an injury, such as a fall.
Sprains can also happen when you do not warm up your muscles before you exercise.
A broken bone often occurs as the result of an accident. A broken bone is called a fracture. How can you tell if a bone is broken? The pain in the area is very strong. You cannot move the part that is broken. The part that is broken begins to swell or grow bigger.
In most cases, you should not move because a bone may be broken Get someone's help to call an ambulance immediately.
You will be taken to a hospital nearby to check whether or not you have a broken bone. To check this, you will normally get an X-ray. An X-ray is a black and white picture of the bones taken with a special machine. It lets a doctor see if a bone is broken. (178 words)
·Reflection questions on what you read
1. What are the differences between sprains and fractures?
2. How can a doctor tell whether there's a broken bone or not?
3. What should you do if a sprain occurs?
4. Which one do you think is more serious, a sprain or a broken bone?
Measuring speed
优异的骨骼结构和强健的肌肉使人和动物在运动时拥有较高的速度，下面的文章会告诉你什么动物运动速度最快。
·Warm-up
Do you notice that some animals move faster than others? Have you ever thought about why they can move faster?
·Big question to think about while you read
How do you define the word "fast"?
The movements of our bodies help us to go from one place to another. For example, when you go to school, you can walk, run,ride a bike, or ride in a car or a bus. You must cover a certain distance. Distance is the amount of space between two places.
Did you know that the distance from one place to another can be measured in meters? But if you need to measure distances that are longer than 1,000 meters, then it is usual to measure them in kilometers.
Sometimes we measure the time it takes to travel a certain distance. This is called speed. Speed is measured in hours, minutes, and seconds.
When an athlete covers a distance of 100 meters in ten seconds, we know that the athlete can run very fast. It takes an average person around twenty seconds to run 100 meters. The athlete runs the distance much faster than the average person. How fast can you run 100 meters?
Which are the fastest animals?
Animals move at different speeds. Some animals move faster than others. Compares how fast or slow different animals move.
Which athletes are the fastest?
Athletes spend many hours in training and practice in different sports. Coaches teach athletes how to improve their speed and strength. As a result, athletes develop strong bodies and muscles.
Some athletes move very fast. They take part in races to see who is the fastest at certain sports. The Olympic Games is the largest sports competition in the world. (254 words)·Reflection questions on what you read
1. How can we calculate a moving object's speed?
2. What units of measurement do people use to measure distance?
3. What units of measurement do people use to measure speed?
4. Why do athletes have to spend many hours in training and practice in different sports?
5. Please name at least 3 Olympics sports where athletes take part in to compete for speed.
The locomotive system
人体有着复杂的组织结构，正因为这样，我们能够行走、奔跑、跳跃。下面让我们一起来探索其中的奥妙吧！
·Warm-up
How much do you know about your body? Do you know what's happening in your body when you're walking, jumping and running?
·Big question to think about while you read
What exactly is the locomotive system?
We have learned how receptors on our sense organs send messages to the brain, which then responds to the signals. The response from the brain can be a movement of the body.
Most of the movements of our bodies occur because we want them to happen. These are called voluntary movements. If we want to kick a ball, we have to think about doing it. Our brain receives the message, and immediately our foot kicks the ball.
Other movements are called involuntary3 movements. Certain muscles in our bodies work without us having to think about them. For example, the muscles that move food through our digestive system4 are involuntary. They work even while we are sleeping.
Bones and muscles
Bones make up the skeleton and support the body. But bones do not move on their own. They need muscles to move. Muscles move every part of the body, such as the head, fingers, legs, and toes, and even our eyes and tongue.
Muscles are made out of many stretchy, elastic cells and fibers. Muscles function like rubber bands that stretch and relax in the body.
Muscles work in pairs. One muscle pulls the bone forward, and another muscle pulls the bone back. When one muscle is working (contracting), the other muscle is relaxing. Your muscle pairs work together to move.
The place where one bone joins another is called a joint6. Joints allow movement and give the skeleton its ability to bend, twist, and turn.
Tissues called ligaments hold bones together at joints. Bones, muscles, and ligaments make up the locomotive system. This system gives the body its form and allows it to move. (274 words)
·Reflection questions on what you read
l. What's the difference between voluntary and involuntary movements?
2. Please give 3 more examples of involuntary movements.
3. How do the muscles help you to move?
4. What's a joint? Please give an example.
5. There are many athletes who suffer from ligament injuries and cannot take part in
competitions anymore. What will happen if there is a broken ligament?
The ear and the hearing
听觉是仅次于视觉的重要感官通道，它在人的生活中起着重要作用。
·Warm-up
We hear a lot of sounds every day. Have you ever wondered how we can hear sounds? What's the nature of sounds?
·Big question to think about while you read
We hear many different sounds in our everyday life. We hear the wind blowing through the trees, rain hitting our roofs, people talking, babies crying, cars moving, and birds singing, among many other sounds.
What makes sound?
A movement is needed to produce a sound. This movement is called a vibration.
When a guitar string is pulled, the string begins to vibrate. This means it moves quickly back and forth. This vibration creates the guitar sound that we hear. The vibration passes through the air until it reaches the receptors in our ears.
The vibrating object is the source that emits sound. Air is one example of a medium through which sound can travel.
Sound can travel through different media. It can travel through a solid, a liquid, and a gas. Sound travels more quickly through solids and liquids than gas.
How do we hear?
We hear sounds through our ears, which are our sound receptors. Our ears are divided into three parts: the outer ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear.
Sounds that travel through the air enter our outer ear. The outer ear catches the sound and moves it to the eardrum3. The eardrum is a very thin membrane that covers the middle part of the ear. When sound hits the eardrum, it begins to vibrate. The vibrations reach three tiny bones called ossicles4, which then begin to vibrate. From these bones, the sound reaches the cochlea, which is filled with liquid. The liquid begins to vibrate in the inner ear. It is this liquid that carries sound to a special nerve that transports messages to the brain. Your brain then helps you understand the sound you hear.
Sounds are useful in helping us become aware of things around us. For example, a school bell tells us that school is starting. A fire alarm warns us of a fire. (312 words) ·Reflection questions on what you read
1. Please give 3 more examples of how sounds help people become aware of things around.
2. How many objects are there vibrating before we hear the guitar sound according to the
text? Please list them out in order.
3. Can we hear the sound if we play the guitar in space? Why or why not?
4. What is a medium? How does it work to carry sound?
5. In what way can the cochlea and ossicles help to carry sound?
The eyes and the vision
视觉是人和动物最重要的感觉。通过视觉，人和动物感知外界物体，获得对有机体生存具有重要意义的信息。
·Warm-up
Have you ever wondered why we can see things? Why can we tell different colors apart?
·Big question to think about while you read
sun, or from an artificial one, such as an electric light, a candle, or a flashlight.
In the picture, you can see the inside of an eye. Light enters our eyes through the small black circle, which is called the pupil.
When it is dark, the pupil becomes larger so that it can get more light to see. When there is a lot of light, the pupil gets smaller to prevent too much light from coming into the eye.
Behind the pupil, there is a lens called the crystalline lens. This lens changes its shape so that objects that are near or far away can be seen clearly. From the lens, the light rays then travel to the light receptors on the inner part of the
eye called the retina. From there, signals go to
the brain through the optic nerve. The brain then
registers what you see.
Our eyes are in constant contact with dirt and
germs in the air. Tears help to clean our eyes and
keep them moist. However, you should follow
these points to take proper care of your eyes.
Do not rub your eyes with dirty hands.
Wash your hands often.
Wear sunglasses outdoors to protect your eyes from the sun's ultraviolet rays.
Do not spend long periods of time in front of a TV or a computer screen. This strains your
eyes. Look away from the screen often and blink your eyes.
To function well, our eyes need vitamin A. This vitamin is found in foods such as carrots, spinach, broccoli, and liver.
Nowadays, if a person cannot see well, there are ways to correct poor vision. It can be helped in most cases by wearing glasses or contact lenses or from eye surgery.
People who cannot see are called blind. Many blind people develop a strong sense of touch to make up for the loss of their eyesight. Many of them learn to read a special system called Braille8. They feel the different letters of this alphabet with their fingers in order to read. A Braille alphabet is shown below. (368 words)
·Reflection questions on what you read
l. What is the function of a pupil?
2. According to the text, if a person is short-sighted, then which part of his eyes is not working
properly?
3. Where can we find vitamin A?
4. What can help us to correct poor vision?
5. What is Braille? How does it help blind people to read?
Our brain and our senses
·Warm-up
Do you know the brain helps us to hear, feel and see things? How does the brain help us to do these?
·Big question to think about while you read
among many other actions.
Our brain is in charge of registering facts and data from the outside world. Our brain quickly analyzes a situation and relates the data to similar experiences within our memory. It then sends an immediate response to the body.
Our brain sends and receives messages through our nerves. The nerves are the pathways that lead to and from our brain. They go through our whole body. When we see, hear, smell, taste, or touch something, this information travels through our nerves to our brain. Our brain then sends messages to other parts of our bodies. This information passes back and forth very quickly.
For example, if you are walking and you hear your name, you will quickly turn around. Your sense of hearing received a message and sent it to the brain. The brain processed the information, and it sent a message to your body to respond.
What is our sense of touch?
Skin covers all of the body, and it is in direct contact with the outside world. Through our skin, we can feel pleasant or unpleasant sensations6. We feel if something is hot, cold, smooth or rough. We can also feel if the weather is warm, cold, wet, or dry.
The skin protects the organs inside the body and helps to maintain the body's temperature. Human skin provides good protection because it is quite strong and waterproof, and it acts as an insulating shield for the body.
Our skin is in constant contact with the world around us. It can protect us from bright sunlight and extremes of temperature. We can protect our skin from cold, heat, or rain by wearing proper clothing. The sun's rays can harm our skin, but we can protect it by wearing a hat and using sunscreen. We should also protect our skin from germs by washing often with soap and water.
How does our sense of taste work?
Our sense of taste mainly comes from our tongue. Our tongue allows us to enjoy the different foods that we eat. There are many small taste buds on our tongue that connect to our nervous system. When the taste buds come into contact with different foods, they register how a food tastes. They send messages to the brain.
People used to think that groups of taste buds--sweet, sour, salty, or bitter--were located on certain parts of our tongue. However, we now know that this is not true. Every part of the tongue has taste buds for every taste.
Our tongue allows us to taste things, but it is also important for chewing our food. In addition, our tongue plays an important role in helping us form sounds and words in order to speak.
In order to taste food, we not only use our sense of taste, but we also use our sense of smell. How does our sense of smell work?
Our sense of smell can detect chemicals that float in the air around us. There are special receptors in the nose that detect these chemicals. The receptors carry messages to the brain through the olfactory nerve7.
Some of the taste of food comes in through the nose. When you chew food, chemicals are released into your mouth, and some enter into your nose. Your tongue cannot identify complex food flavors as easily as your nose can. Therefore, the nose has an important role in tasting.
When you have a cold, your nose gets blocked up, and the chemicals from the food cannot get through to the olfactory nerve. This is why when you have a cold, food may seem tasteless.
Many animals have a better sense of smell than humans. Humans have about 350 types of smell receptors, whereas rats have about 1,000 receptors. Rats need a keen sense of smell to find food. A shark can smell drops of blood from 1.5 kilometers away. Dogs have an acute sense of smell. If you look at a dog's brain, over one-third of it is dedicated to smelling. This is in contrast to humans, who have sight as their main sense. (702 words) ·Reflection questions on what you read
1. What is the function of the skin?
2. What can we do to protect our skin?
3. What are taste buds for?
4. Why does food become tasteless when you have a cold?
5. In some cases, some brain-injured patients may lose their sense of smell or taste. Can you
explain the causes of that based on what you've learned from the passage?
I. Life Science 生命科学 The Five Senses 视觉、听觉、味觉、嗅觉和触觉是人类最基本的五种感觉，即五官感觉。我们通过它们感知外界物体，获取与机体生存紧密相关的重要信息，从而对所处环境作出分析判断。五感在我们的日常生活中扮演了至关重要的角色。 Sport injuries 肌肉是支撑人体活动的重要部分，我们要小心保护，防止肌肉受伤。 ·Warm-up Do you know any kind of sport injuries? Have you suffered from any of them? ·Big question to think about while you read What are sprains and fractures? Sprains occur when a muscle is pulled too far. The result can be a break or a tear of a ligament. Sprains can sometimes happen as the result of an injury, such as a fall. Sprains can also happen when you do not warm up your muscles before you exercise. A broken bone often occurs as the result of an accident. A broken bone is called a fracture. How can you tell if a bone is broken? The pain in the area is very strong. You cannot move the part that is broken. The part that is broken begins to swell or grow bigger. In most cases, you should not move because a bone may be broken Get someone's help to call an ambulance immediately. You will be taken to a hospital nearby to check whether or not you have a broken bone. To check this, you will normally get an X-ray. An X-ray is a black and white picture of the bones taken with a special machine. It lets a doctor see if a bone is broken. (178 words) ·Reflection questions on what you read 1. What are the differences between sprains and fractures? 2. How can a doctor tell whether there's a broken bone or not? 3. What should you do if a sprain occurs? 4. Which one do you think is more serious, a sprain or a broken bone?
《分析化学》阅读材料03 摘自Analytical Chemistry (FECS) ●In the Br?sted-Lowry theory, an acid is a proton donor and a base is a proton acceptor. Each acid is related to its conjugate base and vice versa: Acid = base + proton Therefore, the conjugate base of a strong acid must be a weak base and the conjugate base of a weak acid must be a strong base. Together they form a couple, and an acid without its conjugate base is a meaningless concept. In order to release a proton, the acid must find a base to accept it. In an aqueous solution, the proton, H+, having an extremely small ionic radius, cannot exist as such. It is hydrated, forming the hydronium ion H3O+ and higher hydrates. Thus, an acid-base equilibrium is not a simple dissociation equilibrium, but the result of a proton transfer reaction in which there are at least two reagents and two products. Such a process is also called protolysis. The overall reaction is expressed by: HX + H2O = H3O+ + X-. The overall equilibrium constant is K = [H3O+][X-]/[HX][H2O]. The acid dissociation constant Ka is given by: Ka = K[H2O] = [H3O+][X-]/[HX]. Ka reflects not only the acid strength of HX, but also the base strength of water. This why different acid dissociation constants are observed for the same acid in different solvent. ●Similar proton transfer reactions exist in all solvents possessing proton donor and acceptor properties. Proton transfer reactions are extremely fast. This makes them very suitable for analytical applications and acid-base reactions have found wide use in volumetric methods and other analytical techniques. ●The pH value is a measure for the acidity or basicity of a solution, aqueous or nonaqueous. ●Acid-base indicators are chemical substances with acid-base properties, having different colors in their protonated and deprotonated forms. ● A most important application of acid-base systems is related to the property of such a system to act as a buffer. Many chemical reactions produce protons (in aqueous solutions hydroniums) or hydroxide ions. If these products remain in the system, a corresponding pH change is observed. However, if a buffer is present in the solution it reacts with the liberated hydrogen or hydroxide ions so that only a relative small change of pH occurs. Buffer consist of a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base. The most efficient buffer for a given pH consists of a 1:1 ratio of the protonated and deprotonated forms of a weak acid (with pKa = pH). This cannot always be achieved, but if we wish to prepare a solution of a certain pH, we select a weak acid with a pKa value close to the desired pH. Buffer solution resists changes in pH upon adding of strong acids or strong bases. Depending on the relative concentrations of the acid and base forms of the buffer, the system can resist small or large additions of strong acid or base. This buffer capacity is defined as the number of moles of strong acid of base required to change the pH of 1 L of buffer solution by one pH unit. Solutions with high or low pH values, formed as a result of dissolution of large quantities of a strong base or acid, are characterized by a large buffer capacity, although the electrolyte practically consists of only one of the conjugate forms (e.g., HCl or NaOH solutions). ● A general requirement for all volumetric methods is that the titration process is fast and that it proceeds in a definite stoichiometric ratio, the endpoint of the reaction must by easy to detect and the reaction should be specific and not influenced by other constituents of the solution, i.e., there should be no interference. Question: 1. A H3PO4 solution is brought to pH = 7.00 by the addition of NaOH. Calculate the concentration of the various forms of orthophosphate if the total phosphate concentration in buffer is 0.200 mol /L. pKa1 = 2.16, pKa2 = 7.21, pKa3 = 12.32. 2. A buffer solution is prepared from acid, HA, Ka = 5 10-5, and its salt. The concentration of HA in the buffer is 0.25 mol / L. To 100 mL of the buffer added 5.0 mmol of NaOH, and the pH of the resulting solution is 5.60. What was the pH of the original buffer? 3.It is desired to change the pH of 100 mL of 0.100 mol / L HCl from 1.00 to 4.40 by the addition of sodium acetate, CH3COONa3H2O. How much solid sodium acetate salt must be added in grams? Assume no volume change for the solution as the result of the addition. 4.What is the buffer capacity of a solution which is 0.100 mol / L of NH3 and 0.200 of NH4Cl? 5.Calculate the pH of each of the following solution: (a) Water in equilibrium with CO2 of the air; pKa1 = 6.38, pKa2 = 10.25. (b) Water as in part (a) brought to pH = 7.00 with NaOH and allowed to regain equilibrium with CO2. 6. Derive the following expression for the pH at the first stoichiometric point in the titration of a mixture of two weak acid: HA, the stronger, Ka1, concentration C1; HB, the weaker, Ka2, concentration C2: pH = 1/2 (pKa1 + pKa2) – 1/2 lg (C1/C2)
初中英语阅读理解的解题技巧 上传: 赖芙蓉更新时间：2013-1-18 16:34:02 初中英语阅读理解的解题技巧 阅读能力在英语教学中占有重要地位，阅读能力的培养成为英语教学的重中之重。英语阅读教学的主要目的是教给学生正确的阅读方法、阅读技巧、培养学生的阅读能力。为继续学习英语和运用英语切实打好基础。《英语新课程标准》明确规定：初中英语教学要侧重培养学生的阅读能力。阅读是吸收英语语言材料、增加语言知识、扩大词汇量的重要手段，而且阅读能力的提高能为英语口语交际能力和英语写作能力打下良好的基础，也为学生从英语阅读中认识学习英语的真正意义和价值，体验学习英语的乐趣，为学生树立学好英语的自信心打下坚实的基础。综观历年的考试题型，阅读理解都是重头戏，在各级各类考试中都占有很大的比值。 一、要注意养成良好的阅读心理，阅读时要去掉杂念，心绪要安定，精神要专一，要形成一种惬意的顺向心理。切不可一遇到几个生词难句，就心烦意乱，失去自控能力。心理学家告诉我们，任何恐慌，过分紧张的情绪都会形成一种消极因素妨碍大脑的正常思维功能。因此，遇到困难一定要从容不迫，心无旁骛。这样才能对所读的文章印象清晰，理解深刻。 二、要提高视读的速度，考阅读理解，从另一个方面来说，考的是考试速度。因此做阅读理解时，要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。切不可在个别难懂的词句上磨蹭，只要全篇理解了，个别难懂的词句可以根据上下文和构词法去猜测，去推断。
三、对文章的评价分析，一定要坚持“词不离句，句不离篇”，要理解文章作者的原意，而不能按你自己的意愿去想当然。切记：一想当然，就会出错。 1.审视标题，抓住中心 试题中有的文章有标题，有的没有，拟题人是有所考虑的。标题是文章主题的高度凝聚。它能给我们启发和想象，想象文章的内容和走向。这样做有利于对文章的理解，能提高做题的效率。 2.浏览全文，掌握全貌 如果时间紧，至少要快速通读全文，尤其是首两段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来，这样全文的梗概便一目了然了。 3.细读题目，抓住要点 对整篇短文内容有了一定的了解后，要马上看短文后的问题，带着问题去选择或判断答案。要确定所需查找的信息范围，并注意所查找信息的特点。例如：如果问题或选项涉及到人名、地名，就应该找首字母大写的单词；如果问题或选项涉及时间、日期、数字，就应该寻找具体的数据。另外还要注意试题难易，应暂时绕开那些少数较难的题目，先做最有把握、最熟悉的题目，也就是该类题可以直接或间接从文章中找到的。而对于那些要通过对文章归纳判断、逻辑推理的题目，需要再对全文快速阅读，仔细分析思考，反复比较、推敲选出正确答案。若文章短可先读短文，后看文后题目；如果文章太长，你可以先把文章后面的问题看一遍，带着问题去看文章。这样可以帮助你去掉杂念，提高阅读速度和解题的正确性。要善于找关键句，特别
上海市第八届小学生科普英语趣味实践活动 低年级组 复赛试卷 （总分：100分；时间：45分钟） 在“答题卡”上认真填写学校、姓名和准考证号码，答题选项用2B 笔涂，填写有误者不计成绩 Part I Vocabulary （词汇）：每题2分，共24分 ? Guess who I am?（猜猜我是谁？） 1. I’m an insect. I can hop, walk, and fly. My long hind legs are used for hopping. My short front legs are used to hold prey and to walk. Name ： 2. I live in North America. I have black fur around my eyes which looks like a mask, and grey and black rings on my tail. Name ： 3. I am a black and white bird, with pointed wings and a tail with two points. I spend winter in Africa, and fly to northern countries for summer. Name ： 4. We look like plants, and we don ’t move around a lot like most animals, but we are animals. The branches you see are in fact groups of us. Name ： ? Label the teeth. ( 填上正确的牙齿名称 ) 5. _______ 6. _______ 7. _______ 8. _______ A. root B. enamel C. dentine D. nerves A. swallow B. raccoon C. coral D. grasshopper ⑤ ⑥ ⑧ ⑦
计算机专业英语阅读材料 计算机英语（1） Desktop Pattern In the graphical user interface of Microsoft Windows 98,a graphical pattern-called wallpaper-displayed on the desktop (the background "beneath" windows, icons, and dialog boxes). The pattern or picture in the screen background that can be chosen by the user. To change the desktop pattern, choose Display from the Control Panel. 桌面图案 在Microsoft Windows 98的图形用户界面中,一种显示在桌面上称为壁纸(Wallpaper )的图形图案(窗口、图标和对话框后面的背景),屏幕背景可由用户选择图案样式或画面。要改变桌面图案时,从控制面板上选择显示方式。 计算机英语（2） Federated Database In scientific networking ,a collaborative database (part of a collaborator) in which scientists pool their knowledge and discoveries .Federated databases are one proposed solution to the Grand Challenges——problems that are so complex that they far outstrip the capabilities of individual scientists ,or even individual research institutions ,to tackle them independently. 联合式数据库 在科学联网中,科学家们汇集其知识和发现的一种合作数据库(合作的一部分)。联合数据库是对种种重大挑战问题(Grand Challenges)的一种建议性的解决方案——这些问题太复杂,以致于超出单个科学家的能力,甚至单个研究所都无法来单独解决它们。 计算机英语（3） Collapse When creating an outline or viewing a directory tree (such as in the Windows Explorer ),the process of hiding all the outline levels or subdirectories below the selected outline heading or directory. 折叠 当生成一个题纲或观察一个目录树(如在Windows资源管理器中)时,在选定的题纲标题或目录下隐藏所有的题纲层或子目录的过程。 计算机英语（4） Collision In local area networks (LANs) ,a garbled transmission that results when two or more workstations transmit to the same network cable at exactly the same time . Networks have means of preventing collisions. 冲突 在局域网(LANs)中,当两个或多个工作站恰好在同时向同一个网络线路上传送(数据)时产生的错乱传输。网络拥
初中英语阅读理解10篇 1 Ali,who was working a long way from home wanted to send a letter to his wife,but he could neither read nor write, and he had to work all day,so he could only look for somebody to write his letter late atnight .At last he found the house of a letter writer whose name was Nasreddin. Nasreddin was already in bed."It is late,"he said. "What do you want?" "I want you to write a letter to my wife , "said Ali , Nasreddin wasnot pleased. He thought for a few seconds and then said, "Has theletter got to go far?" "What does that matter?" answered Ali."Well, my writing is so strange that only I can read it, and if I have to travel a long way to read your letter to your wife, it will cost you a lot of money." Ali went away quickly. Multiple choice ( ) 1. Ali wanted to____to his wife. A.get something B.have a letter written C.bring a flower D. say good-bye ( ) 2. At last he found the house of_____. A.a writer B.a seller C.an old man D.a letter-writer ( ) 3.When Ali told what he wanted to do Nasreddin was______. A.not pleased B.pleased C.excited D.angry ( ) 4.Nasreddin said that his writing was_____. A.easy for anyone to read B.strange for anyone to read C. too strange for anyone to write D.difficult for anyone to read ( ) 5. This story tells us______. A.not to ask anybody for help B.not to trouble others at night C.not to ask for help without money D.not to trust others 2 An old man died and left his son a lot of money. But the son was a foolish young man,and he quickly spent all the money, so that soon hehad nothing left.Of course ,when that happened, all his friends lefthim.When he was quite poor and alone, he went to see Nasreddin, who was a kind, clever old man and often helped people when they had troubles."My money has finished and my friends have gone,"said the young man. "What will happen to me now?""Don't worry , young man,"answered Nasreddin."Everything will soon be all right again.Wait ,and you will soon feel much happier." The young man was very glad."Am I going to get rich again then? " heasked Nasreddin."No, I didn't mean that," said the old man."I meant that you would soon get used to being poor and to having no friends." Multiple choice ( )1.An old man died and left his son_______. A.nothing B.some gold C. much money D.only a house ( ) 2. When the son was________, he went to see Nasreddin. A.short of money B.quite poor and sick C.in trouble D. quite poor and alone ( ) 3.The young man was very glad because Nasreddin said that________. A.he would become rich again B. he would soon feel much happier C.he would become clever D. he would have more friends
材料科学与工程专业英语第三版翻译以及答案 Document serial number【KK89K-LLS98YT-SS8CB-SSUT-SST108】
UNIT 1 一、材料根深蒂固于我们生活的程度可能远远的超过了我们的想象，交通、装修、制衣、通信、娱乐（recreation）和食品生产，事实上（virtually），我们生活中的方方面面或多或少受到了材料的影响。历史上，社会的发展和进步和生产材料的能力以及操纵材料来实现他们的需求密切（intimately）相关，事实上，早期的文明就是通过材料发展的能力来命名的（石器时代、青铜时代、铁器时代）。 二、早期的人类仅仅使用（access）了非常有限数量的材料，比如自然的石头、木头、粘土（clay）、兽皮等等。随着时间的发展，通过使用技术来生产获得的材料比自然的材料具有更加优秀的性能。这些性材料包括了陶瓷（pottery）以及各种各样的金属，而且他们还发现通过添加其他物质和改变加热温度可以改变材料的性能。此时，材料的应用（utilization）完全就是一个选择的过程，也就是说，在一系列有限的材料中，根据材料的优点来选择最合适的材料，直到最近的时间内，科学家才理解了材料的基本结构以及它们的性能的关系。在过去的100年间对这些知识的获得，使对材料性质的研究变得非常时髦起来。因此，为了满足我们现代而且复杂的社会，成千上万具有不同性质的材料被研发出来，包括了金属、塑料、玻璃和纤维。 三、由于很多新的技术的发展，使我们获得了合适的材料并且使得我们的存在变得更为舒适。对一种材料性质的理解的进步往往是技术的发展的先兆，例如：如果没有合适并且没有不昂贵的钢材，或者没有其他可以替代（substitute）的东西，汽车就不可能被生产，在现代、复杂的（sophisticated）电子设备依赖于半导体（semiconducting）材料四、有时，将材料科学与工程划分为材料科学和材料工程这两个副学科（subdiscipline）是非常有用的，严格的来说，材料科学是研究材料的性能以及结构的关系，与此相反，材料工程则是基于材料结构和性能的关系，来设计和生产具有预定性
初中英语阅读的重要性 1．英语阅读教学的重要性 阅读能力在英语教学中占有重要地位，阅读能力的培养成为英语教学的重中之重。英语阅读教学的主要目的是教给学生正确的阅读方法、阅读技巧、培养学生的阅读能力。为继续学习英语和运用英语切实打好基础。《英语新课程标准》明确规定：初中英语教学要侧重培养学生的阅读能力。阅读是吸收英语语言材料、增加语言知识、扩大词汇量的重要手段，而且阅读能力的提高能为英语口语交际能力和英语写作能力打下良好的基础，也为学生从英语阅读中认识学习英语的真正意义和价值，体验学习英语的乐趣，为学生树立学好英语的自信心打下坚实的基础。综观历年的考试题型，阅读理解都是重头戏，在各级各类考试中都占有很大的比值。 2．调查研究，发现问题 初中英语教材所使用的阅读材料一般是关于名人轶事、生活故事、幽默小品、历史故事等。短文题材丰富，体裁多样，内容生动，篇幅适当，难度适中，贴进生活，具有时代气息。但是往往大多数学生都会觉得阅读理解相对较难，因而产生恐惧心理。多数学生由于词汇量少，阅读量不够，或阅读材料不够生动而失去阅读的兴趣，有的学生见到篇幅长的文章就产生恐惧心理，望而生畏，缺乏信心，学生阅读习惯没有形成，阅读方法不正确，学生之间缺乏交流，教师对学生的阅读技巧也缺乏必要的指导。这些都是造成学生在阅读能力培养上的障碍。 3．制定措施 3．1分析题型 阅读理解的命题特点要求学生在阅读时必须快速捕捉有效信息，准确把握整篇材料的的主旨大意。同时还要学生具备逻辑推理和分析总结能力。阅读理解的题型主要有选择题、填空题、问答题、完成句子、判断正误几种。根据题目的特点有可以分为以下四种。 3．1．1直接解答题 有些材料较为简单，所设计的问题也可以直接从材料中找到。它通常考查学生的初步理解能力和阅读速。 3．1．2字句理解题 有时候阅读题目考查学生对某个单词或某句话的理解，这类题目学生必须根据文章上下文的语境来猜测词义或者理解材料中的关键句子。尤其是某些关键句子，不仅能理解其表层意思，还要挖掘其深层含义。 3．1．3推理判断题
UNIT 1 一、材料根深蒂固于我们生活的程度可能远远的超过了我们的想象，交通、装修、制衣、通信、娱乐（recreation）和食品生产，事实上（virtually），我们生活中的方方面面或多或少受到了材料的影响。历史上，社会的发展和进步和生产材料的能力以及操纵材料来实现他们的需求密切（intimately）相关，事实上，早期的文明就是通过材料发展的能力来命名的（石器时代、青铜时代、铁器时代）。 二、早期的人类仅仅使用（access）了非常有限数量的材料，比如自然的石头、木头、粘土（clay）、兽皮等等。随着时间的发展，通过使用技术来生产获得的材料比自然的材料具有更加优秀的性能。这些性材料包括了陶瓷（pottery）以及各种各样的金属，而且他们还发现通过添加其他物质和改变加热温度可以改变材料的性能。此时，材料的应用（utilization）完全就是一个选择的过程，也就是说，在一系列有限的材料中，根据材料的优点来选择最合适的材料，直到最近的时间内，科学家才理解了材料的基本结构以及它们的性能的关系。在过去的100年间对这些知识的获得，使对材料性质的研究变得非常时髦起来。因此，为了满足我们现代而且复杂的社会，成千上万具有不同性质的材料被研发出来，包括了金属、塑料、玻璃和纤维。 三、由于很多新的技术的发展，使我们获得了合适的材料并且使得我们的存在变得更为舒适。对一种材料性质的理解的进步往往是技术的发展的先兆，例如：如果没有合适并且没有不昂贵的钢材，或者没有其他可以替代（substitute）的东西，汽车就不可能被生产，在现代、复杂的（sophisticated）电子设备依赖于半导体（semiconducting）材料 四、有时，将材料科学与工程划分为材料科学和材料工程这两个副学科
Alexander the Great Although they had often made war on each other, Athens, Sparta, and the other cities in the south of Greece still thought they were the only Greeks of any importance. But soon another state became the most powerful in Greece. Its people were the Macedonians who lived in the north. They were rough, but they were very good at fighting. They conquered the rest of Greece. The most famous Macedonian was Alexander the Great. He became king at the age of twenty. When his father died, Alexander took over his powerful army. He led it to the far north and attacked the tribes that lived by the River Danube. While he was there a rumor broke out in Greece that he had been killed. Gladly the Greek cities got rid of the soldiers that Alexander’s f ather had put there to keep them loyal. Alexander was far from death. He stormed down from the north and attacked the city of Thebes. The people of Thebes refused to surrender. Alexander himself then led the attack and took the city by storm. 6,000 people in the city were killed and 30,000 captured. Alexander had all men, women and children sold as slaves. The Athenians, when they heard what had happened to Thebes, very quickly surrendered. Alexander had not only inherited from his father a powerful army; he also inherited an ambitious plan. His aim was to attack Persia and punish the King for the harm the Persians had done to Greece. He left Greece in 334 B.C. Eight years later he had defeated the King of Persia to become the Great King himself. Soon afterwards, he caught a fever at Babylon and died. He was thirty-two years old. The Roman Empire
北京市中小学生趣味科普英语创意大赛 决赛试题 第一卷(共40题，共70分) 一、在每小题中，你将听到A、B、C三个单词，每个单词读两遍.观察所给的图，你所听到的单词中只有一个与所给图的意义相符，把这个单词的标号在答题卡上涂黑.(共20小题，每题1分，共20分) 二、在每小题中，你将听到A、B、C三个句子，每个句子读两遍.观察所给的图，你所听到的句子中只有一个与所给图的意义相符，把这个句子的标号在答题卡上涂黑.(共10小题，每题2分，共20分) 三、从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填人句子空白处或可以回答问题的最佳答案.把这个选项的标号在答题卡上涂黑.(共5小题，每题3分，共15分) 31. The Internet is a collection of_________. A. computer networks all over the world B. many computers C. a lot of friends D. people with computers 32. An e-mail is a message sent_________. A. by post office B. by postmen C. from hand to hand D. through a computer channel 33. Put a full cup of water into a fridge. Hours later, it changes into a piece of ice. The volume of the ice is________ that of the water. A. greater than B. smaller than C. the same as D. three times as big as 34. If, on a very cold day when the temperature is a little above OoC, you breathe on the glass of a window, what will you see on the glass? A. Air. B. Ice. C. Dirt. D. Water. 35. The following table shows protein, starch and fat in 100g of beans and what an
【英语】阅读理解日常生活类专题练习经典1 一、英语阅读理解日常生活类（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Sing a Song of People by Lois Lenski A. beautiful B. busy C. rainy D. small （2）In Line 21, the word "singly" means ________. A. alone B. fast C. slowly D. quietly （3）According to the poem, the best word for the blank is ________. A. borrow B. throw C. know D. allow 【答案】（1）B （2）A （3）C 【解析】【分析】（1）文章大意题。根据on the bus ，在公交车上，People passing，人们路过，on the subway ，在地铁上，可知这首诗是写给在忙碌城市的人们，故选B。（2）词义辨析题。根据下两句People saying nothing,和People talking loud.，什么都不说和大声地说，可知诗上下两句话对应，意思相反，根据 in a crowd ，在人群中，可推测singly 是与crowd相反的意思，alone，单独地，与crowd意思相反，符合句意，故选A。 （3）细节理解题。A 借，B 扔，C 了解，D 允许；全诗讲述了一座忙碌城市里人们的生活，这些人来来去去，但是互相不了解，C最符合，故选C。
【点评】考查阅读理解，这是一篇诗歌，首先通读全诗，掌握诗的意思，在阅读题目和选项，理解题目意思，从文章中寻找细节，确定答案。 2．根据短文内容，判断正误。 Riding a Mobike on the street. You might hear some people speaking Chinese aloud. Turning to the right, you see a Sichuan-style restaurant. After walking into a store, you see that Huawei smartphones are on sale. But you are not in China—You are in Manchester in Britain. You might see similar things in many other cities. Chinese products have been going global （世界性的）. Chinese food has been enjoyed in Western countries for a long time. To meet local people's tastes, Chinese restaurants have made some changes to the dishes. For example, Chinese people like to eat meat with the bone in, but Western people don't. So Chinese restaurants provide big pieces of meat without bones, even for fish. Some Chinese brands are also becoming more popular. In many cities in Europe, stores sell TCL televisions, Haier fridges and Lenovo computers. More than half of the US-owned drones（无人机）are Chinese models. They're not only made in China, but also designed and developed in the country. In the past, most Western people thought Chinese products were cheap and unreliable（不可靠的）. But now, things have changed greatly. "Made in China" becomes cool. （1）We can see more people use Chinese products in Western countries now. （2）Chinese restaurants provide meat with bones to meet local people's tastes. （3）More than 50% of the US-owned drones are designed, developed and made in China. （4）In the past , most Western people thought Chinese products were unable to be trusted. （5）This article is about the disadvantages of Chinese products. 【答案】（1）1 （2）0 （3）1 （4）1 （5）0 【解析】【分析】本文介绍了有关中国元素的很多东西。 （1）根据You might hear some people speaking Chinese aloud. Turning to the right, you see a Sichuan-style restaurant. After walking into a store, you see that Huawei smartphones are on sale可能会听到一些人大声说中文。向右拐，你会看到一家川菜餐馆。走进商店后，你会看到华为智能手机正在出售可知，我们现在可以看到西方国家越来越多的人使用中国产品是对的，故是正确。 （2）根据So Chinese restaurants provide big pieces of meat without bones所以中国餐馆提供大块无骨肉可知，中国餐馆提供带骨头的肉来满足当地人的口味是错的，故是错误。 （3）根据More than half of the US-owned drones（无人机）are Chinese models可知超过50%的美国无人驾驶飞机是在中国设计、开发和制造的，故是正确。