高考英语必备(个人整理)
1. To one’s+ 情感名词
Eg: To my surprise, he did very well in his previous job.
令我吃惊的是，他在之前的那份工作中也干的不错。
( To one’s surprise 是固定搭配)
用于该结构的名词常见的有admiration (羡慕), amazement (惊奇), amusement (娱乐), annoyance (烦恼), astonishment (惊奇), delight (欣喜), despair(绝望), disappointment(失望), embarrassment(难堪), happiness(幸福), horror (恐怖), joy (高兴), puzzlement (疑惑), regret (遗憾), relief (如释重
负), satisfaction (满意), shame (羞愧), sorrow (悲伤), surprise (惊讶)等?
2.beside/besides
beside是一个介词，表示在...的旁边，相当于by：而besides是一个副词，也可作介词，表示除了...还有...
Eg：
Don’t stand beside me. 不要站我旁边
I am outgoing. Besides, I am helpful. 我很外向。此外，我还乐于助人。
besides和except的区别
都可解作“除……之外” 但含义不同。
except 表示“从所提到的人或事物中除去，即从整体中除去一部分”，表示递减的概念，含义是否定的。
besides表示“除了……之外，还有……”，指“在整体中加入一部分”，表示递加的概念，含义是肯定的。
试比较：
①We all went except him. 除他之外，我们都去了。(他没有去)
②We all went besides him. 除他之外，我们大家也都去了。(他也去了)
3.See/ look/ watch
See 看见了（强调看的结果）Did you see it？你看见了吗？
Look 意为看，瞧（强调动作）Look at the blackboard. 请看黑板。
Watch 观看,注视（形容观看的内容比较精彩,比较有过程）watch a game/watch a fight 看比赛,观看打斗（看得东西都比较有内容）
常见短语：see sb doing sth（看见某人正在做...，doing作sb 的宾补）
see sb do sth （看见某人做了...，强调看了整个过程）
See a movie/ film 看电影
Look like 看起来像.../ Look for... 寻找.../ have a look at
看一看/ look at 看着（glare at 怒视/ stare at 盯着看/ glance at 一瞥）
Watch TV看电视look out= watch out 担心，小心
4.Hear / listen
Listen 不及物动词，表示有意识地听、仔细听,强调的是听的动作
Listen to music 听歌
Listen to me. 听我讲。
Hear 及物动词，强调听的结果I can’t hear you！我听不见你。
5.So/ such
such与so的意思都是“如此,这样”.但两者用法根本不同,与what和how引导的感叹句相类似.
1、such后面主要是修饰名词.即：such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.或a/an＋such＋adj.＋n..如果名词是不可数名词或复数名词,则不可以用不定冠词a或an.如：
①He has such a beautiful bike.We all go to see it.
②It's a such fine day.We all want to go to fly a kite.
2、so后面只能跟形容词或副词.即：和so＋adj.或adv.不过,so后面也可以跟名词,但该名词必须是单数可数名词.用法为：so+形容词+a或an+单数可数名词.如：
①The tiger is so big.And the cat is so small.
②She is so lovely a girl.
3、它们后面还可以与that从句连用.即：such…that和so…that意思是“如此……以致……”.如：
①She is such a clever girl that she can make much progress in math exam.
②His brother is so young that he can't go to school.
注：当名词前的形容词为表示数目的词时,such必须换成so.如：
①There are so many people that we can't go past.
②I ate so much food that I didn't want to go any farther.
6.how/ what （how about= what about ...怎么样？）
what、how常用于感叹句
感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用"what"和"how"引导，"what"和"how"与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。
一、由"what"引导的感叹句："what"意为"多么"用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是：
what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语+(it is).
如：
① What a clever girl she is!
多么聪明的姑娘呀！
② What an interesting story it is!
多么有趣的故事呀！
③ What delicious food it is!
多么有味的食物呀！
二、由"how"引导的感叹句："how"意为"多么"，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，这类句子的结构形式是：
How+adj.（adv.）+主语+谓语+(it is).
如：① How cold it is today!
今天多么冷呀！
② How well she sings!
她唱得多好呀！
三、在表示同一意义时，英语感叹既可用"what"引导，也可用"how"引导。如：
① What a hot day it is! = How hot the day is !
多么热的天气呀！
② What bad weather it is! = How bad the weather is!
多么糟糕的天气呀！
四. What do you do？你是做什么的How do you do it？你是怎样做的
7. Sometimes，sometime 和some time 的区别
（1）sometimes的意思是“有时”,是副词.例如：
Sometimes he comes by bike and sometimes by bus.
他有时骑车来,有时乘公共汽车来.
（2）sometime也是副词,意思是“在某个时候”.可用于一般过去时与将来时.例如：
You can hand in your homework sometime before Friday.
你可以在周五前某个时候交作业.
（3）some time是名词短语,它的意思是“一段时间”.例如：
I'll be away for some time.我将离开一段时间.
8.表示“非常多”修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词
不可数名词前可用：much, a little, a great deal of, a large amount of
可数名词前可用：many, a few, a great many ,a large number of
既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词的有：
lots of，a lot of, plenty of,a great quantity of.
9.another，the other，other, others.
another（三个及以上之中）另一个
the other（两个中）另一个
other +n (other 是一个形容词)
others n. =other+n（pl.）
Eg：
I am sorry，but can you give me another chance?
Peter has two sons. One is six and the other is just two years old.
We need to care about other people= we need to care about others.
10.就近原则：1.There be 句型There is a book and some pencils on the desk.=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.
2.neither...nor...Neither you nor he is right.= Neither he nor you are right.
3.either...or...Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.
= Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday.
4.not only...but also...Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.
= Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.
就远原则
有一类连接词,其后的谓语动词要与连接词前一部分的主语保持一致.此类连接词有with, along with,together with,as well as,besides,like,without, except (but),including等.例如：
Lisa, as well as her parents, was invited by Jack. 丽萨和爸妈都被邀请了！
Tracy,like many girls,loves dancing.特蕾西像很多女孩一样,喜欢跳舞.
All the students,including Tom,are leaving.所有的学生,包括汤姆都走了.
No one except (but) me knows about this news.除了我没有人知道
11.关于元音字母和元音音节
元音字母总共有五个 a e i o u
但决定用冠词 a 还是an 取决于后面的单词首字母是不是元音因素
（1）.A book, a useful book, a European country, a university, a unique man.【这些单词中的U 都发[ju:]，这是一个辅音音节】
（2）.An umbrella，an apple，an hour, an honest man 【h 不发音】
12.星期和月份（week / month）
Monday星期一Tuesday 星期二Wednesday 星期三Thursday星期四Friday 星期五Saturday 星期六Sunday 星期天
January一月February 二月March 三月April 四月May 五月June 六月 July 七月August 八月September 九月October 十月November 11月December 12月
James Paul McCartney was born in 1942.
James Paul McCartney was born in June 18th，1942.
13.时间的读法What time is it now?
---It is 9:00 /9:05/9:15/ 9:30/9:45 now.
Nine o’clock/ nine o five/ nine fifteen(a quarter past nine)/ nine thirty(half past nine )/ nine forty-five (a quarter to ten)
一分钟a minute 一秒a second 一小时an hour 一刻钟a quarter
14.方位和位置
East south west north center right left
Southeast southwest _______(东北)________(西北)
in表示A地在B地范围之内。如：
Taiwan is in the southeast of China.
仿写：海南省在中国的南部。
2. to表示A地在B地范围之外，即二者之间有距离间隔。如：
Japan lies to the east of China.
仿写：临高在文昌的西面。
3. on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻。如：
North Korea is on the east of China.
仿写：美国在加拿大的南面。
15. 传统节假日（traditional festivals）
New Year's Eve 除夕
the Spring Festival 春节
Lantern Festival
Tomb-sweeping Day
International Labour Day
Mother's Day Father's Day
the Dragon Boat Festival 端午节
Children's Day 儿童节
Teachers’ Day
the Mid-autumn Festival 中秋节
National Holiday 国庆节
相关词汇和句子：
What is your favorite festival?
When do you celebrate it ?
How do you celebrate it?
People celebrate ....in memory of / to honor..
During this festival, people always ....（enjoy delicious food/ have lots of fun）
I am sure that we will have a good time.
16. 关于打电话（making a call）
telephone/ mobile phone/ cell phone电话leave sb a message 给...留言go ahead 请便吧make a call打一个电话give sb a call/ call sb up 给某人打电话phone number 电话号码call me at 135... speak to sb on the phone 在电话里给某人讲话write to 给某人写信talk to与某人交谈hold on, please请不要挂断wait a moment/minute 等一下dial/have the wrong number 打错电话了write down 写下，记下get in touch with sb=contact sb 与某人取得联系keep in touch with sb 与某人保持联系
17.英语写作之表示列举
On one hand,..一方面. on the other hand,...另一方面...
首先：First . Firstly. To begin with. Above all. First and foremost…
其次：Second. Secondly. Then.
最后：At last. Finally. Eventually.
此外：in addition; besides; what’s more..
同时：at the same time
18.英语写作之表达见解
（1.）不用说...
It goes without saying that 子句=(It is) needless to say (that)子句=It is obvious that 从句=Obviously, S. + V. 例：不用说早睡早起是值得的。
It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours.
（2.）there is no denying that...不可否认...
不可否认，成功的事业关键在于健康的身心。
There is no denying that successful business lies in a healthy body and mind.
There is no denying that success lies in hard work.
（3.）……就我的看法……；我认为……
In my opinion, ...
= As far as I am concerned, .
=From my point of view,
例：就我的看法，打电动玩具既花费时间也有害健康。
In my opinion, playing video games not only takes much time but is also harmful to our health.
19. 英语写作之主题句
(A) ……用下列方法in the following ways.
(B) ……有三个主要理由… for three major reasons.
(C) 要……，至少我们可做三件事To ..., there are at least three things we can do.
（D）我的建议/观点如下...are as follows.
例：
(A) 我用下列方法增加信心。
I increase my confidence in the following ways.
(B) 人们学外语有三个理由。
People learn a foreign language for three major reasons.
(C) 为了维护健康，我们每天至少可做三件事。
To keep healthy, there are at least three things we can do every day
（D）我的建议/观点如下。
My suggestions are as follows/ My opinions are as follows.
20.英语书信引出话题+写信目的
（1.）I’ve learned from...that..., so I am writing to...
（2.) Knowing that..., I am writing to...
Eg：
（1.）I’ve learned from your parents that you hav e been admitted to Harvard University, so I am writing to express my congratulations on your success. 从你父母口中得知你已被哈佛大学录取，特写信来表达祝贺。
(2.) Knowing that you are interested in photography, I am writing to invite you to attend a photo show to be held in my school on April 21st.
得知你喜欢摄影，特写信邀请你参加将于4月21号在我校举办的摄影展。
21.区别by bus/ take a bus/ on a bus
take a bus是动词短语You can take a bus to go to school.
on a bus= by bus 是介词短语.You can go to school on a bus/ by bus.
坐一路公交车：take the No.1 bus
22.Before/ ago 区别
（1.）Ago 只表示相对现在的“...以前”如：three years ago 三年前
A few days ago 几天前long long ago 很久以前
（2.）before 用法很广.
before 有时单独使用(即不连用具体时间)，泛指一般意义的“以前”如：
He didn’t know that before. 他以前不知道此事。
I have been there before. 我以前去过那儿。
表示在某一点时间或事件以前时，只用before不用ago，这种用法是将before当作介词或连词使用。ago不具有这一功能。如：
They w ill come back before six o’clock．
It is hoped that this will be finished before the year 1995．希望这件工作将在1995年以前完成。
23.Affect/ effect 区别
effect是名词，表示影响,搭配短语：
have an effect on sth.=have an influence on sth. 对...有影响
affect 是及物动词，“影响”，直接跟宾语，affect sth 对...有影响，
且通常指不利的影响。 Eg：
Sandstorms sometimes affect Bejing. 沙尘暴有时候影响北京。
Watching TV for a long time will have a bad effect on your eyes.
24.Raise/ rise/ arise区别
三者区别在于：
①三个动词词性不同：raise是及物动词，可用于被动语态；rise和arise是不及物动词，无被动语态
②做“上升”解时意义有别：arise没有“上升”之意，多指问题等“产生、出现”，常用于抽象事物；rise运用范围广，可用于具体事物的“上升”，也可用于抽象事物的“增加、上涨”；raise是把具体事物举到高处或把抽象事物提高。
一.raise
vt.招募、培育
如：raise a family
vt.提高
如：raise the rent 提高租金
vt.举起
如：raise your hands 举起手
vt.提出
如：raise a question 提出问题
二、rise
vi.上升、升起；增加；上涨
如：The price has risen.价格上涨了
The level line has risen 水平线上升
三、arise
vi. （问题、难题等）出现
如：The question will arise if you do it like that.
如果你那样做，会出现问题。
The oppotunity will arise . 机会会出现的。
vi.产生于，起因于
常用于搭配arise from
如：The accidents arise from carelessness.
事故起因于粗心大意。
vi.起身
arise to do 起身做某事
如：He arose to greet her. 他起身迎接她。
vi.上升（多指无形的东西，如难度等）
25. Cross/ across 区别
Cross 是及物动词，across 是介词
Cross=go across 穿过
Be careful when you cross the street.
= Be careful when you go across the street.
过街的时候小心点！
26.across/through 区别
首先两个都是介词，区别如下：
across表示“横穿、横过、横渡、横跨”
例：I swam across the Changjiang River 20 years ago.
20年前我横渡了长江。
Look left and right before you go across the street.
过马路时要左右看。
而through为在立体空间中的“穿过”。如：go through the forest“穿过森林”，go ac ross the street “穿过大街” 例The river runs through our city.这条河流经我们市。
He passed through the hall. 他穿过大厅
27.more beautiful/ much better区别
More + 形容词原形eg. More expensive 更昂贵.
An apartment is more expensive than a car in Beijing.
Much+形容词比较级
Green is much stronger than Curry！
附：不规则形容词的比较级和最高级变化
原级比较级最高级
good(好的)/well(健康的）better best
bad (坏的)/ill(有病的) worse worst
old (老的) older/elder oldest/eldest
much/many(多的) more most
little(少的) less least
far (远的) farther/further farthest/furthest
28.Much too / too much 区别
1、too much = much“太多，过多”用做形容词或代词，可以修饰不可数名词或用来代替不可数名词。
例：There was too much noise in the next door.隔壁太吵！
You shouldn’t h ave eaten too much. 你本不该吃太多！（实际吃了）
too much也可以放在某些动词之后，做状语，表示程度，这些词有：work，talk，walk，thank等。
例：She does talk too much, doesn’t she?
2、much too = too “实在，太”用来修饰形容词或副词，其实too就是用来修饰形容词或副词，在它前面加上much则更能表示程度“太”。例：The dress is much too long for me. 这件礼服太长了。
The problem is much too difficult for us to solve.
29. 情态动词+ have done（表示针对过去的动作）
should have done表示本应做而没做（表责备）
could have done表示本可以做而没做（表遗憾）
must have done表示对过去事实的肯定判断,语气较重,即很肯定（表猜测）
might have done=may have done对过去事实的猜测,语气较轻（表猜测）
needn’t have done 表示本没有必要做某事，但是做了（画蛇添足）
could not have done 表示不可能做了某事
eg.
1.You should have swept the floor.你本该扫地而没扫.（含责备语气）
2.She could have done better.她本来可以做得更好的.（而实际上做得不够好，含惋惜语气）
3.It must have rained yesterday.昨儿个一定下雨了.(看到外面有很明显的下过雨的痕迹时说)
4.He might have had a fever.他可能发烧了吧.（人没来,而谁也不知道原因,就随便猜猜）
5.You needn’t have helped him. He didn’t deser ve it.
你没必要帮他的，他是白眼狼！
6.She couldn’t have stolen my wallet. 她不可能拿了我的钱包。
30.强调句
⑴强调句基本句型：It is/ was+ 被强调部分+ 其他部分
陈述句：I met Tailor Swift in New York last Sunday morning.
分别强调主语，宾语，地点状语和时间状语
It was I who/that met Tailor Swift in New York last Sunday morning.
It was Tailor Swift who/that I met in New York last Sunday morning.
It was in New York that I met Tailor Swift last Sunday morning.
It was last Sunday morning that I met Tailor Swift in New York.
⑵谓语动词的强调。假如想强调谓语动词，则在动词前面加上助动词
I did meet Tailor Swift in New York last Sunday morning.
I do hope you can do it for me.
I do believe that we can manage it ourselves.
我相信我们自己可以搞定。
https://www.doczj.com/doc/468959662.html,ed to do/ be used to do/ be used to doing 区别
⑴.Used to do 表过去常常做某事，可以强调动作也可以强调状态eg：
He used to go to that coffee shop after work when he was young.
= He would go to that coffee shop after work when he was young.
年轻时下班后他常光顾那个咖啡店。
He used to be my Chinese teacher.
他曾经是我的老师。（强调状态）
⑵.be used to do 表示被用来做某事
Cotton can be used to make clothes.
棉花可以拿来做衣服
⑶.Be/get used to doing 习惯于做...
I find it difficult to get used to school life.
I find it difficult to get used to getting up before seven.
七点之前起床真要命。
32.数字的读法
⑴基数词（百位和十位之间用and 连接）
45：forty-five
325：three hundred and twenty-five
22222：twenty-two thousand，two hundred and twenty-two
⑵. 序数词
第一first 第二second 第三third
April 8th April 21st April22nd April23rd
⑶. 分数和百分数
三分之一：one third 五分之一：one fifth
三分之二：two thirds 五分之二：two fifths
30%：thirty percent 100%：one hundred percent
⑷. 房间号，航班号和电话号码
Room304：room three o four
Flight HU 7048：flight HU seven o four eight
27285505：two seven two eight double-five o five
33.run out，run out of 和use up的区别都是表示花光，用光。但是：Run out 是不及物动词My money has run out.
run out of = use up 是及物动词，有被动语态。
I have run out of my money.
= I have used up my money.
= My money has been run out of.
= My money has been used up.
34.After，before既可以作介词也可以作连词
What do you usually do after work/school?
After looking at the toy for a minute, she decided to buy it.
She turned on the TV after she finished her work.
We are supposed to gather at the school gate before 8:00am.
You had better change your mind before it is too late.
35.worth、worthy、worthwhile的用法区别
这三个词都是形容词，都有“值得的”的意思，但用法或搭配关系不同。
1. worth是一个只能作表语的形容词，意思为“值……的”、“值得……的”。后接名词、接动名词的主动形式。例如：
This second-hand car is worth $2000 at the most.
The exhibition is worth a visit/visiting.
2. worthy可作表语，也可作定语。作定语时意思为“有价值的”、“值得尊敬的”、“应受到赏识的”；用作表语时意思为“值得……的”、“应得到……的”，其后接of sth.，也可以后接to do sth.，例如：
This phenomenon is worthy of being studied. 这种现象值得研究。
This problem is worthy to be considered. 这个问题值得考虑。
This is a worthy article. 这是一篇值得一看的文章。
The question is not worthy to be discussed again and again.
3.worthwhile 值得的一般用于
It is worthwhile to do.../doing...
36.remind sb of...提醒某人某事:The old picture reminded me of those old days.
inform sb of.../inform sb that...告诉某人某事：I am glad to inform you that you have been admitted to our company.
37.value/valuable/priceless/worthless
Value 价值n.重视vt. Valuable 珍贵的adj. Priceless 无价的adj. Worthless没有价值的adj.
38.be of+名词= be+adj.
Your advice is of great use/ value/importance.你的建议很有用/很有价值/很重要。
= Your advice is very useful/valuable/important.
39.when 和while 在引导时间状语从句时的区别
When可以表示当...时，也可以表示在...期间，既可以指代时间点也可以指代时间段。
While只能表示在...期间，只能指代时间段。
We were watching TV when the earthquake broke out.
40.区别because/ because of in case/ in case of...
Because/in case+ 状语从句
Because of/in case of+ 名词或者名词短语
Eg. The boss is angry because you are late again.
=the boss is angry because of you.
Take an umbrella in case it will rain.
=take an umbrella in case of the rain.
41.常见形容词副词相互转化
Obvious/obviously apparent/apparently constant/constantly possible/possibly terrible/terribly Gradual/gradually sudden/suddenly fortunate/fortunately immediate/immediately lucky/luckily eventual/eventually
高考英语知识点总结 高三学生很快就会面临继续学业或事业的选择。面对重要的人生选择，是否考虑清楚了?这对于没有社会经验的学生来说，无疑是个困难的想选择。那么接下来给大家分享一些关于高考英语知识点总结，希望对大家有所帮助。高考英语知识点1 虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句 1.wish后的宾语从句。 与现在愿望不一致，用主语十过去时，例如： I wi。hIwere you. 与过去愿望不一致，用主语+had+过去分词，例如：Iwish I had visited the White House whenI was inthe States与将来愿望不一致，用主语+would (could)+原形。 2.It's time句型：当lt's tine后用that从句时应该为主i 吾+should+动词原形或主语十过去时，例如：It，s timethatyou went to school.或It's time that you should go to schooL 3- If only引起的感叹句相当于“How I wish+宾语从句”。 (l)If only he could come.他要能来就好了。
(2)If only I had known the answer.我要早知道答案就好了。 4.WOuld rather，asif(though)引导的从句也需使用虚拟语气，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时，例如： (l)I'd rather you posted the letter right away. (2)She loves the children as if they were hers. 5.含蓄虚拟条件句含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有： (1)介词或介词短语。如but for，but that，without,in case of, under more favorablecondition等。 (2)连词。如so that, unless, in case, supposing,lest, provided(倘若……)，for fearthat(唯恐)，in orderthat, on condition that, if only(要是……就好了)等。 注意：lest, for fear that和incase引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形，但也可以不用虚拟语气，而用动词的陈述语气形式。例如：The foreign teacherspokeslowly in case we misunderstood him这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们误解。
Old English Literature 古英语文学 （450-1066年） Beowulf （贝奥武甫）---The first English national epic 中世纪英语文学（1066-1500） Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟，c. 1343–1400) was an English poet. He is remembered for his The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》, called the father of English litera ture―英国文学之父‖William Langland (朗格兰，1330?-1400?),the author of the 14th-century English long narrative poem Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》. 文艺复兴（16-17世纪） William Shakespeare (莎士比亚，1564-1616), English poet and playwright, his surviving works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems Venus and Adonis 《维拉斯和阿多尼斯》The Rape of Lucrece.《鲁克丽丝受辱记》 Shakespeare‘s greatest works: greatest tragedies are King Lear 《李尔王》,Macbeth《麦克白》,Hamlet《哈姆雷特》, Othello 《奥赛罗》,Romeo and Juliet 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》 grea t comedies: A Midsumme r Night‘s Dream《仲夏夜之梦》,As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》,The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》, Twelfth Night 《第十二夜》 great historical plays: Richard III 《理查三世》,Henry IV 《亨利四世》, Henry V 《亨利五世》, Henry VII 《亨利八世》 John Milton (弥尔顿, 1608-1674)was an English poet and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England. He is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost《失乐园》, Paradise Regained《复乐园》Samson 《力士参孙》. 18世纪文学和新古典主义 Alexander Pope (浦柏,1688-1744 ) is generally regarded as the greatest English poet of the eighteenth century, best known for his satirical epigram 讽刺隽语and heroic couplet英雄双韵体.His major works include mock epic satirical poem An Essay on Man 《人论》and An Essay on Criticism 《论批评》 Daniel Defoe ( 笛福，1660—1731)was an English writer who gained enduring fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe《鲁滨逊漂流记》, spokesman for middle-class people Henry Fielding (菲尔丁, 1707 ---1754) ，an English novelist known for his novel:The History of Tom Jones. Jonathan Swift (斯威夫特,1667-1745), was an Anglo-Irish novelist, satirist. He is remembered for novel such as Gulliver‘s Travels《格列佛游记》. Richard Sheridan ( 谢立丹，1751—1816), Irish playwright ,known for his satirical play School of Scandal(造谣学校). He was a represntative writer of Comedies of Manners. Laurence Sterne (斯特恩,1713—1768 ), an English novelist. He is best known for his novel Tristram Shandy （《商第传》）. Oliver Goldsmith （哥尔德斯密斯，1728-1774）English novelist, known for his novel Vicar of Wakefield (《威克菲尔德牧师传记》) Thomas Gray (托马斯?格雷1716—1771 )，an English poet, author of Elegy Written in a
专题一定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom 指人在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物在从句中作定语 as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which 或of which+the+名词 2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个 （2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 C、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 3、but用作关系代词，相当于who/that…not 例：In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng. 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 5、当先行词是数词时. 6、当先行词既指人又指物时。 7、如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用that。 8、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。 9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that。 10、先行词为what，关系代词用that。
英语高考总结 今年我们学校取得了历史性的突破，全校有6人被清华北大录取，本科达线人数超过千人。其中英语做出了突出贡献，不管文还是理，英语在全市都居榜首。除了学生素质好之外，英语方面主要原因在于今年的备考在原来大方向不变的情况下，各方面具体措施都进行了调整与改革。 一、词汇教学 第一、变教词汇词条为展示例句。以前的词汇教学，老师把能找到的相关的词条都会尽可能多的罗列，但缺少例句作为理解的基石，然后跟几个单选题练练。事实是，学生在没有语境的情况下，既理解不了词的用法，又不能把老师列出的那么多词条都记住。所以，今年我们把学生要掌握的词汇，给出了充分的例句，减少了干巴巴的理论。使学生通过读例句就能理解词的用法，又能很容易识记它们。 第二、变面面俱到为重点突出。今年让学生背词汇时没有一鞭子往前赶。而是通过老师的筛选挑出重点的、易混的词汇，有计划的分批次的让学生背诵，学生的负担就减轻了很多。 第三、变杂乱无章为归类梳理。以前学生背词汇都是按照课本或某个词汇表从头挨着来。今年我们把词分门别类,比如：易混形容词副词辨析，易混名词辨析，熟词生义，不同话题词汇，一词多义等等。使学生对词汇的掌握更明确具体。 二、阅读教学
以前的阅读无非是做习题讲习题，既没有新意，学生能力也提高不大。今年我们采取了一下措施： 第一、变题海战术为专攻专练。我们首先把好选题关，精选阅读材料。在讲解之后，不是让学生停留在原有题目基础上，而是让学生通过这份题反复思考命题人的意图和命题方向并作出总结。同时，让学生琢磨如何应对这些问题，并把相关的基础知识包括词汇、语法和句式放在语境中认真落实好。 第二、自主命题，向自我挑战。在本学期，我们大胆尝试让学生自己挖掘阅读材料的内容，根据自己平时阅读所掌握的命题人的思路自己命题，然后相互交流，相互做学生自己出的题。这极大的提高了学生的分析解决问题的能力。 第三、重视时文阅读。每周定期从网上搜寻好的时文，印发给学生。期间，采取老师出题，或学生自主出题方式，加深文章的理解。不但开阔了视野，还扩充了词汇，提高了阅读能力。 三、语法教学 第一、让例句现身说法。以前我们都是以理论为主，附以练习。学生学起来枯燥无味，晦涩难懂。今年我们不再长篇大论，而是向学生直接展示不同语法的例句，通过活生生的语境教学，让学生理解语法的规则。 第二、分类总结，以练代讲。在语法的运用上，老师们把语法分类后，从各地区的高考题和模拟题中整理典型习题印发给学生。让学生通过联系自己总结高考规律，参透命题方向。学生不再直接接受
1.现实主义、批判现实主义（代表人物、作品，以及每部作品讲了什么故事）P276—比如《匹克威克外传》主要讲什么？P281 《双城记》主要讲什么？P298 《大卫科波菲尔》主要讲什么？P292 2.其中自传体形式的作品有哪些？ 3.傲慢与偏见的第一个名字：first impression(Pride and prejudice现) 4.三姐妹指的是？ 5.19世纪有名小说名利场副标题：“A Novel Without a Hero”作者：William Makepeace Thackeray P303 6.18th浪漫主义作家、代表作P211 反对什么,反抗什么思想？ 7.Pop代表作有哪些？P134 剪发记？ 8.玄学诗派有哪些人物组成？Leading Feature? P116 9.乌托邦is written in form of ?P33 10.Universal Wicks大学才子是谁？P50 11.中世纪文学流行的是? 主题特征骑马精神P8？ 12.最著名作家：乔叟P19 13.对于三次征服的概念（1）罗马征服P1 （2）英国人征服P2（3）诺曼征服P5 14.人民大宪章什么时候出现？时间：1837年
1.John Milton He was born in London in 1608. He is a master of the blank verse, and a great stylist. And he is famous for his grand style.But his style is never exactly natural. He devoted almost twenty years of his best life to the fight for political, religious and personal liberty as a writer. His famous works are Paradise lost, Paradise Regained, and Samson Agonistes. 2.Romance Romance was the most prevailing kind of literature of the upper class in feudal England in the Medieval Ages. It is a long composition in verse or in prose which describes the life and chivalric adventures of a noble hero. The central character of romances is the knight, a man of noble birth skilled in the use of weapon. The theme of loyalty to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized in romances. 3.the Enlightenment It is the philosophical and artistic movement growing out of the Renaissance and continuing until the nineteenth century. It was an optimistic belief that humanity could improve itself by applying logic and reasons to all things. Typically, these enlightenment writers would use satire to ridicule what they felt illogical errors in government, social
高中英语知识点总结 1.able 用法：be able to do Note: 反义词unable表示不能，而disabled表示残疾的。 be able to do可以表示经过艰难困苦才能做到的事。 2.abroad 用法：表示到(在)国外，是一个副词，前面不加介词。 Note: 可以说from abroad, 表示从国外回来。 3.admit 用法：表示承认的时候后面要加上动名词形式。 Note: 表示允许进入的时候与介词to搭配。 4.advise 用法：advise sb. to do; advise doing Note: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：advise that sb. (should) do的形式。 5.afford 用法：通常与动词不定式搭配使用。 Note: 前面需要有be able to或can等词。 6.after 用法：表示在时间、空间之后;be after表示追寻。 Note: 用在将来时的时候后面接一时间点，而in接一个时间段，如：after 3 o’clock; in 3 days. 7.agree 用法：与介词on, to, with及动词不定式搭配。 Note: agree on表示达成一致;agree to表示批准;agree with表示同意某人说的话。 8.alive 用法：表语性形容词，在句中只能作表语，不能作定语。 Note: 可以作状语使用，表示活活地，如：bury sb. alive. 9.allow 用法：allow doing; allow sb. to do Note: 可以表示允许进入，如：Please allow me in. 10.among 用法：用在三者或三者以上的群体中。 Note: 还可以表示其中之一，如：He is among the best. 11.and 用法：用于连接两个词、短语、句子或其他相同结构。
必修1 Unit 1 1. Calm down 平静下来;镇定下来 2. Be concerned about 关心;挂念 3. Make a list of 列出… 4. Be crazy about 对…着迷 5. According to 根据…所说;按照 6. Get along with 与…相处;进展 7. Fall in love 相爱;爱上 8. Try out 试验;试用 9. add up 合计 10. set down 放下;记下;登记 11. get sth. done 做…;使…被做; 12. share sth. with sb. 和某人分享某物 13. go through 经历;经受; 14. a series of 一连串的;一系列;一套 15. on purpose 故意 16. in order to 为了… 17. join in 参加;加入 18. communicate with 和…交流 19. face to face 面对面地 20. suffer from 遭受。。。 必修1 Unit 2 1. play a role (in 在。。。中担任角色; 在。。。中起作用 2. play a part(in 扮演一个角色;参与 3. even if 即使 4. be based on 以。。为基础 5. give a command 命令 6. from one place to another 从一处到另一处 7. the sa me…as… 相同的。。 8. come up 走近;上来 9. such as 例如。。。;像这种。。; 10. ever before 从前 11. close to 距离。。近 12. make use of 利用 13. no longer 不再。。。 14. in the early days 在早期 15. take…with… 随身带着。。。 必修1 Unit3
英美文学选读要点总结精心整理3 I). Washington Irving华盛顿.欧文 11. He is regarded as Father of the American short stories.他是美国浪漫主义文学代表作家之一,美国短篇小说之父。 12. With the publication of The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Irving won a measure of international fame on both sides of the Atlantic.1819年至1820年，欧文出版了《见闻札记》，该书为欧文获得了欧美两大洲的文学荣誉。 13. A History of New York---He parodies or imitates Homer.《纽约史》在多方面模仿了荷马。 14. Like the two famous personae he created, Diedrich Knickerbocker and Geoffrey Crayon, Irving remained a conservative and always exalted a disappearing past.他所创造的两个人物Diedrich Knickerbocker和Geoffrey Crayon和他一样，都停留在对过去的事情的津津乐道上。 15. We hear rather than read, for there is musicality in almost every line of his prose. We seldom learn a moral lesson because he wants us amused and relaxed.他的作品行文优美流畅，犹如音乐。他的作品寓教于乐，给人以轻松安逸之感，如入梦境。 16. He is worth the honor of being“the American Goldsmith”for his literary craftsmanship.在创作艺术方面他堪称是“美国的近匠”。 17. “rip van winkle”—Here, Irving’s pervasive theme of nostalgia for the unrecoverable past is at on ce made unforgettable.“瑞普.凡.温克尔”---欧文在此表达了对一去不复返的东西十分依恋，笔触生动，令人难忘。 (II). Ralph Waldo Emerson拉尔夫.华尔多.爱默生 18. New England Transcendentalism, which is unanimously agreed to be the summit of the Romantic period in the history of American literature.在美国浪漫主义时期的文学中，新英格兰的超验主义是不可或缺的。 19. Emersonian Transcendentalism is actually a philosophical school which absorbed some ideological concerns of American Puritanism and European Romanticism, with its focus on the intuitive knowledge of human beings to grasp the absolute in the universe and the divinity of man.爱默生的超验主义实际上是在吸收美国清教思想，强调人类具有本能的掌握宇宙绝对真理和人的神性而形成的一个哲学流派。 20. In his essays, Emerson put forward his philosophy of the over-soul, the importance of the individual, and Nature.爱默生的文章提出了超灵哲学,个人及自然的重要性。 21. Emerson id a ffirmative about man’s intuitive knowledge, with which a man can trust himself to decide what is right and to act accordingly.爱默生相信人的直觉知识。人类可以利用自己的直觉决定是非并采取相应得行动。 22. The ideal individual should be a self-reliant man.一个理想的个人应是自助自立的人。 23. “Go back to nature, sink yourself back into its influence and you’ll become spiritually whole again.”“回到自然中去吧，沉浸在自然的影响中吧，你将重新获得精神的完整。” 24. In 1845, a great transcendentalist work Walden was born.1845年，写成了超验主义的伟大作品《沃尔登》。
高中英语知识点总结版集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-
【2018高考】英语超重点学习营 课前资料 目录： 一、重点单词 二、重点词组 三、高级词汇 四、词组固定搭配 五、高级句型结构 六、过去完成时概念 七、阅读理解解题指导 一、重点单词 1.able 用法：be able to do Note: 反义词unable表示不能，而disabled表示残疾的。 be able to do可以表示经过艰难困苦才能做到的事。 2.abroad 用法：表示到（在）国外，是一个副词，前面不加介词。 Note: 可以说from abroad, 表示从国外回来。 3.admit 用法：表示承认的时候后面要加上动名词形式。Note: 表示允许进入的时候与介词to搭配。 4.advise 用法：advise sb. to do; advise doing Note: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：advise that sb. (should) do的形式。 5.afford 用法：通常与动词不定式搭配使用。 Note: 前面需要有be able to或can等词。 6.after 用法：表示在时间、空间之后；be after表示追寻。
Note: 用在将来时的时候后面接一时间点，而in接一个时间段，如：after 3 o’clock; in 3 days. 7.agree 用法：与介词on, to, with及动词不定式搭配。 Note: agree on表示达成一致；agree to 表示批准；agree with表示同意某人说的话。 8.alive 用法：表语性形容词，在句中只能作表语，不能作定语。 Note: 可以作状语使用，表示活活地，如：bury sb. alive. 9.allow 用法：allow doing; allow sb. to do Note: 可以表示允许进入，如：Please allow me in. 10.among 用法：用在三者或三者以上的群体中。 Note: 还可以表示其中之一，如：He is among the best. 11.and 用法：用于连接两个词、短语、句子或其他相同结构。Note: 与祈使句搭配时往往可以表示条件。如：Work hard, and you’ll succeed sooner or later. 12.another 用法：表示又一个，泛指，相当于one more的含义。 Note: 不能直接加复数名词，需要与一个数词搭配，如：another 2 weeks. 13.answer 用法：及物动词，但在作名词时要与介词to搭配。 Note: 可以表示接电话、应门等。如：answer the phone/door. 14.anxious 用法：be anxious for/about/to do Note: be anxious about表示担心；be anxious for表示盼望得到。 15.appear 用法：不及物动词，没有宾语，没有被动语态。 Note: 还可以作为系动词，与seem同义，表示看起来……。 16.arrive 用法：arrive at表示到一个小地方；arrive in表示到一个大地方。Note: 引申含义表示得出，如：arrive at a decision/conclusion.
高三英语知识点总结归纳5篇分享 学习高三英语知识点的时候需要讲究方法和技巧，更要学会对高三英语知识点进行归纳整理。 高三英语知识点1 look at a book? 1. 表示阅读性地“看书”(即读书)，一般要用动词read。如： Don’t read such books. 不要读那样的书。 He is reading a book on Shakespeare. 他在看一本关于莎士比亚的书。 但是，在许多情况下，“看书”只需用read 就够了(尤其是泛泛地表示“看书”时)，无需后接book作宾语。如： In the evening I usually read. 晚上我常常看书。 This light is too poor to read by. 这光线太暗不能看书。 I read much less now than I did at school. 我现在看书远比我上学时少。 2. 若不是表示阅读性地“看书”，而只是大概地看一看，比如看看书的封面、定价、内容提要等，或者回答问题时看看书的某些章节或字句等，或者是考试时悼词楸镜龋此时都不宜用动词read, 可用look at, see 等。如： Can I look at those books? 我可以看看那些书吗?
Jim demanded to see my books. 吉姆要求看看我的书。 Please answer my questions without looking at your books. 请不看书回答我的问题。 Students must not look at their books during examinations. 学生考试不准舞弊。 高三英语知识点2 虚拟条件句 条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。 l-条件从句与现在事实不一致，句型为：If+主语十过去时，tiag+should (could，would，或might)+动词原形，例如：If l were you，1 would study hard. 2.条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为：If+主语+had+过去分词，主语+should(could, would，或might)+have+过去分词，例如：If I had not studied hard.1would have failed in the exam last term 3.条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为：lf+主语+should/were to+do，主语+should( could.)+原形do，例如：If l were to go to the moon one day,I could see itwith my own eyes. 注意： 1.If条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。 2-根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主
英美文学选读要点总结精心整理(只考26位作家) [英国』Chapter1 The Renaissance period（14世纪至十七世纪中叶）文艺复兴 1. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。 2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心，人是万物之灵。 3. Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据，来赞美人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命，人可以不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于他们的，供他们怀疑，探索以及享受。 4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托马斯.摩尔，克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。 5. Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.怀亚特将彼特拉克的十四行诗引进英国。 6. The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimilation.英国文艺复兴初期只是一个学习模仿与同化的阶段。 7. The goals of humanistic poetry are: skillful handling of conventions, force of language, and, above all, the development of a rhetorical plan in which meter, rhyme, scheme, imagery and argument should all be combined to frame the emotional theme and throw it into high relief.人文主义诗歌的主要目标是对传统习俗的熟练运用，语言的力度与气概，而最重要的是发展了修辞模式，即将格律，韵脚（式），组织结构，意象（比喻，描述）与议论都结合起来勾画出情感主题，并将其极为鲜明生动的表现出来。 8. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and Ben Jonson.文艺复兴时期英国最著名的戏剧家有克利斯朵夫.马洛，威廉.莎士比亚与本.约翰逊。 9. Francis Bacon (1561-1626), the first important English essayist.费兰西斯.培根是英国历史上最重要的散文家。(III)William Shakespeare威廉.莎士比亚 17. The first period of his dramatic career, he wrote five history plays: Henry VI, Parts I, II, and III, Richard III, and Titus Andronicus; and four comedies: The Comedy of Errors, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, The Taming of the Shrew, and Love’s Labour’s Lost.在他戏剧创作生涯的第一个阶段，他创作了五部历史剧：《亨利六世》，《理查三世》，《泰托斯.安东尼》以及四部喜剧：《错误的戏剧》，《维洛那二绅士》，《驯悍记》和《爱的徒劳》。 18. In the second period, he wrote five histories: Richard II, King John, Henry IV, Parts I and II, and Henry V; six comedies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, Twelfth Night, and The Merry Wives of Windsor; and two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet and Julius Caesar.在第二阶段，他写了五部历史剧：《理查三世》，《约翰王》，《亨利四世》，《亨利五世》以及六部喜剧《仲夏夜之梦》，《威尼斯商人》，《无事生非》，《皆大欢喜》，《第十二夜》，《温莎的风流娘儿们》，还有两部悲剧：《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《裘利斯.凯撒》。 19. Shakespeare’s third period includes his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies. The tragedies of this period are Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra, Troilus and Cressida, and Coriolanus. The two comedies are All’s Well That Ends and Measure for Measure.第三阶段诞生了莎翁最伟大的悲剧和他自称的黑色喜剧（或悲喜剧），悲剧有：《哈姆雷特》，《奥赛罗》，《李尔王》《麦克白》《安东尼与克利奥佩特拉》《特罗伊勒斯与克利西达》及《克里奥拉那斯》。两部喜剧是《终成眷属》和《一报还一报》。 20. The last period of Shakespeare’s work includes his principle romantic tragicomedies: Pericles, Cymbeline, The Winter’s Tale and The Tempest; and his two plays: Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsmen.最后一个时期的作品主要有浪漫悲喜剧：《伯里克利》《辛白林》《冬天的故事》与《暴风雨》。他最后两部剧是《亨利八世》与《鲁克里斯受辱记》。21. Shakespeare’s sonnets are the only direct expression of the poet’s own feelings.这些十四行诗都是莎翁直抒胸臆的成果。 22. Shakespeare’s history plays are mainly written under the principle that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity.莎翁的历史剧都有这样一个主题：在一个强大英明的君主统领下的国家，统一是非常必要的。 23. In his romantic comedies, Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth, and the romantic elements are
高中英语语法总结（完整版；高中必看！） 专题一：定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom指人在从句中作宾语 whose指人或物在从句中作定语 as指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个
（2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。