一. 正确认识翻译技巧
从中国人进行的翻译定位上看，无论是英译汉还是汉译英，其根本问题都在译者的英语水平或造诣上。英译汉的题型，关键在于理解原文;而汉译英的题型，关键在于如何综合运用所学的英文知识，将我们原本理解的相当明白的汉语文字，以准确的英语通顺地表达出来。
笔者想提醒考生注意的是，各种翻译技巧只是工具。茅盾先生有一句话，如果两种语言的功底不够，那些技巧你也用不上;但若功底深厚，那些条条就成了不足取的框框。
因此，我们对于翻译技巧的讲解，只是大致谈几个方面，大家在翻译的过程中了解注意就可以了。关键在于遵循常用方法多做练习，只有经过大量的训练，不懈的练习，才可以熟能生巧。大家的英语水平提高了，词汇量有了一定的积累，各种句型结构熟透于心了，翻译水平自然会上去的。
二. 关于汉译英的翻译技巧，我们大致需要注意这几方面：
1、翻译的基本方法：关于直译与意译
英语和汉语是两种不同的语言,每种语言都有各自独立和分明的系统,在形态和句法方面二者存在很大差异。然而,两种语言之间又存在一些相似性。比如在主谓词序和动宾词序上是一致的。正是由于英汉两种语言既有共同点又有不同点,所以在翻译实践中,我们不能千篇一律地使用一种方法进行翻译。直译和意译是两种重要的翻译方法。
直译是既保持原文内容、又保持原文形式的翻译方法或翻译文字。意译，也称为自由翻译,它是只保持原文内容、不保持原文形式的翻译方法或翻译文字。直译与意译相互关联、互为补充，同时,它们又互相协调、互相渗透,不可分割。通过对直译与意译二者关系的正确理解,我们可以更多地认识到什么时候采用直译、什么时候采用意译，以及在运用直译与意译的时候所应该掌握的技巧、遵循的原则和应该注意的问题，最终达到提高翻译能力及水平的目的。
考生这里应当注意，直译不是死译，而是指基本保留原有句子结构，照字面意思翻译。例如：我们的朋友遍天下。如果译成“Our friends are all over the world”是直译，而“We have friends all over the world”就是意译。直译以严格意义上的忠实为宗旨，意译则更多考虑英语的特点。总之，选择直译还是意译，应该根据文章具体需要而定，两种译法可以并用。
2、翻译的变通手段
翻译时不能简单地或机械地逐字照译，硬凑成英文，必须认真分析上下文，掌握词的确切含义，然后用适当的英文表达，必要时应采用变通手段。
1)增词、减词
译文的增词、减词都是为了更确切、更忠实地表达原文的含义和精神。译文中添加一些原文没有的词句，表面上看似不忠实，但仔细分析就会发现这些增加的词句所表达的意思并非无中生有，而是隐含在原文中的。减词则是在不影响原意的情况下省略无关紧要的词语，避免拖泥带水。
如“感冒可以通过人的手传染”可以译为Flu can be spread by hand contact.其中的
contact(接触)就是根据译文需要添加上的。而“百姓出现做饭点火难现象”中的“现象”一词可以省略，只译成“people do not even have matches to light their stoves.”就足以表达原文中的信息。
我们分别来看几个例句：
例1 我不觉得用英语与外国人交谈有什么困难。
I don’t think it difficult to speak to a foreigner in English.
(增形式主词it)
例2 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。
Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
(增连词)
例3 他连续讲了两小时的法语，没有出现任何的错误。
He has been speaking in French for two hours without any mistakes.
(省动词)
例4 人群渐渐静了下来。
Silence came over the crowds.
(省副词)
翻译的变通手段2)词类转换
词类变形和转换，是英语语言的一个很重要的特点，特别是名词、动词、形容词这三种最主要的词类，大部分可以直接转换使用，或者稍加变化(前缀、后缀等)即可转换为另一种词类。因此，词类转换是汉英翻译中很重要的手段之一。如果运用得当，既可使译文通顺流畅，也能反映出英语的风格特点。下面将英汉互译中最常见的词类转换现象，作一个简单的介绍。
A. 汉语中的动词转换成英语中的名词
汉语中动词用的较多，除了动宾结构外，还有连动式、兼语式等两个动词以上连用的现象。英语则不然，一句话往往只有一个谓语动词，但英语中的名词比汉语中的名词用的多。基于两种语言的这一特点，在汉译英时常把汉语中的动词转换为英语中的名词。例如：你必须好好地照顾病人。
You must take good care of the patient.
他善于观察。
He is a good observer.
在上述两句中，"照顾"，"观察"都是动词，但译成英语，则用的是名词care和observer。
反之，在翻译过程中，有时也要把汉语中的名词转换成英语的动词。例如：
他的演讲给我们的印象很深。
His speech impressed us deeply.
汉语句子中“印象”是名词，英语句子中则换成了动词。
B. 汉语中的动词转换为英语的形容词
汉语中一些表示知觉、情感的动词，往往可以转译成英语系动词+形容词的结构，例如：我为他的健康担忧。
I am worried about his health.
我们对她所做的一切感到满意。
We are satisfied with what she did.
C. 汉语中的形容词转化为英语中的名词，反之亦然。
你说他傻不傻?
Don't you think he is an idiot?
他的生日宴会很成功。
His birthday party was a great success.
形容词“傻”换成了英语名词an idiot;“成功”换成了英语名词success。
D. 其它转换
除了最常见的名词、动词、形容词之间的转换，其它的词类根据需要也可以互相转换。不过要注意：这已不完全是词类转换的技巧，而是汉英思维和表达方式的不同了。例如：露西和莉莉上同一个学校。
Lucy and Lily are in the same school.
我反对这项法律。
I am against the law.
“上学”在汉语里是动词，而英语可以用介词in 表达;“反对”也是动词，英语用介词against 表示。
Robinhood often looted the rich and helped the poor.
罗宾汉经常劫富济贫。
英语形容词rich, poor 换成了汉语的名词“富、贫”。
She is physically weak but mentally sound.
她体质差但头脑健全。
英语副词physically 转换成了汉语的名词“体质”。
翻译的变通手段3)语态转换
由于在英汉两种语言当中都有主动和被动两种语态，在汉译英时，人们常常会简单地认为只要按照原句的语态处理就行了。事实上并非如此。在英语中被动语态的使用频率要远远高于汉语。如果一味按照原句的语态来翻译，往往会使译文显得十分别扭。所以我们在汉译英时需要灵活运用语态之间的转换。
我们这里主要讲三种情况：
汉语被动句的构成大致可分为两类：一类带有明显的被动标记词(就是“被”“让”那些);
另一类则没有这种标记词。人们通常使用后一类型的被动句。但不论哪一种类型，翻译成英语时基本上仍可运用被动语态。
A. 用“被、通过、让、给、遭、由、受、为……所”等标记词表示被动语态的汉语被动句。这类句子一般表示较强的被动意义，强调被动的动作。
例1 这本书已经被译成多种语言。
译文：The book has already been translated into many languages.
简评：原文强调的是“这本书”已经被翻译成多种语言，并不强调是“谁”翻译了这本书，不强调“翻译”这个动作的施动者。因此，英语译文采用被动语态完全符合原文表达内涵。
例2 这个小男孩在放学回家的路上受了伤。
译文：The little boy was hurt on his way home from school.
简评：小男孩受了伤，这是全句要表达的中心意思。但是他为什么会受伤?被人打?被车撞?被石头绊?被异物砸?句子没有交代。一般情况下没人会自己伤害自己，因此在“受伤”这点上，男孩是动作的目标。中文采用“受”表明被动，英语也用被动语态来翻译，目的是阐述小男孩受伤这个事实。
带有上述被动标记的句子可以译成英语的被动句。但是，也并不是所有带有被动标记的句子都要这样处理，要具体情况具体对待。
B. 被动标记词不明显的汉语被动句。这类句子一般都有主语和谓语动词，但其主语实际上是动作承受者，并不是动作执行者。真正的动作执行者并没有出现。这样的句子形式上是主动句，含义上却是被动的。事实上，这种被动句在日常生活中使用频率更高，在译成英文时往往要采用被动语态。请看下列句子：
例3 门锁好了。
译文：The door has been locked up.
简评：句子的主语是“门”，动作是“锁”。但是众所周知，一个非生命体“门”如何实施一个动作“锁”?很显然，“门”也许是妈妈锁上的。这句话没有一个表示被动语态的被动标记词，但却是一个经典的被动语态句。因此，翻译成英文时不能说成The door has locked itself.
例4 这个问题早解决了。
译文：This problem has long been solved .
简评：中文常说“问题有待解决”，这和本句结构相同，都是“解决”这个动作的目标——“问题”作整个句子的主语。但表示被动语态。英语里也只能说sb. solves the problem或the problem is solved。
C. 除此之外，汉语还存在一种“怪现象”，即：用主动语态来表达被动意义。例如“在……中”嵌入及物动词可用于表示被动意义。这种情况在译成英语时，一般也选择被动语态来翻译。
例5 新住宅在建造中。
译文：New houses are being built.
例6 新教材在印刷中。
译文：New textbooks are being printed.
翻译的变通手段4)分译与合译
句子的分译与合译是较为复杂的课题，也是翻译中常需要解决的问题。通常情况下，长句要分译，短句要合译，但不可一概而论。决定分译与合译的重要因素还取决于句中的各个成分之间意思上的关联，以及该句与上下文之间含义的连贯，同时还要符合英语的表达习惯。
A.句子的分译
需要分译的句子，多数是长句，或者是结构复杂的复句。这种句子如果翻译成一个长句，就会使译文累赘、冗长;如果采用分译，就会使原文内容层次分明，译文易于理解。比如：餐馆里只有几个人，或许是因为天气冷的缘故吧!
There were only a few people in the restaurant. Probably because of the cold weather!
由于我们考试中一般太长的句子也不常见，故不多举例。
B. 句子的合译
尽管英语句子日趋简洁，但从句套从句，短语含短语也频频出现，较汉语而言长句多，所以在翻译中，就要把汉语的两个或多个句子合译为英语的一句。例如：
对我来说，我的小房间就像我自己的一个小王国。我就是里面的国王。
To me my small room is like my own little kingdom, where I am king.
英语四级翻译改革后，翻译题的考查范围也聚焦于中国传统文化。为了便于同学们备考，新东方在线小编为大家整理了与中国传统文化相关的英语词汇，一起来看一下吧。
风水：Fengshui; geomantic omen
阳历：solar calendar
阴历：lunar calendar
闰年：leap year
十二生肖：zodiac
春节：the Spring Festival
元宵节：the Lantern Festival
清明节：the Tomb-sweeping Day
端午节：the Dragon-boat Festival
中秋节：the Mid-autumn Day
重阳节：the Double-ninth Day
七夕节：the Double-seventh Day
春联：spring couplets
春运：the Spring Festival travel
把中国的汉字“福”字倒贴在门上(听起来像是福到)预示新年有好运：turn the Chinese character for luck (fu) upside down to make “dao”(which sounds like arrival) and put it on your door to bring in good fortune for the new year
庙会：temple fair
爆竹：firecracker
年画：(traditional) New Year pictures
压岁钱：New Year gift-money
舞龙：dragon dance
舞狮：lion dance
元宵：sweet sticky rice dumplings
花灯：festival lantern
灯谜：lantern riddle
食物对于中国佳节来说至关重要，但甜食对于农历新年特别重要，因为他们能让新的一年更加甜蜜。
Food is central to all Chines festivals, but sugary snacks are especially important for Lunar New Year, since they sweetne up prospects for the coming year.
传统的佳节食物包括年糕、八宝饭、饺子、果脯和瓜子。
Traditional holiday treats include niangao (rice pudding), babao fan (eight treasure rice), jiaozi (crispy dumplings), candied fruits and seeds.
四合院：Siheyuan/ Quadrangle
亭/阁：pavilion/attic
刺绣：Embroidery
剪纸：Paper Cutting
书法：Calligraphy
针灸：Acupuncture
象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters
偏旁：radical
战国：Warring States
人才流动：Brain Drain/Flow
铁饭碗：Iron Bowl
黄土高原：Loess Plateau
红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals
儒家文化：Confucian Culture
孟子：Mencius
火锅：Hot Pot
《诗经》：the Book of Songs
《史记》：Historical Records/ Records of the Grand Historian
《西游记》：The Journey to the West
唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored Pottery
火药：gunpowder
印/玺：Seal/Stamp
京剧：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera
秦腔：Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera
相声：Cross-talk/ Comic Dialogue
电视小品：TV Sketches/TV Skit
太极拳：Tai Chi
天坛：Altar of Heaven in Beijing
故宫博物馆：The Palace Museum
敦煌莫高窟：Mogao Caves
小吃摊：Snack Bar/Snack Stand
春卷：Spring Roll(s)
莲藕：Lotus Root
北京烤鸭：Beijing Roast Duck
门当户对：Perfect Match/ Exact Match
《水浒》：Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh
文房四宝(笔墨纸砚)：”The Four Treasure of the Study”/ “Brush, Ink-stick, Paper, and Ink-stone”
兵马俑：Cotta Warriour/ Terracotta Army
京剧Peking opera
秦腔Qin opera
功夫Kungfo
太极Tai Chi
口技ventriloquism
木偶戏puppet show
皮影戏shadowplay
折子戏opera highlights
杂技acrobatics
相声witty dialogue comedy
刺绣embroidery
苏绣Suzhou embroidery
泥人clay figure
书法calligraphy
中国画traditional Chinese painting
水墨画Chinese brush painting
中国结Chinese knot
中国古代四大发明the four great inventions of ancient China
火药gunpowder
印刷术printing
造纸术paper-making
指南针the compass
青铜器bronze ware
瓷器porcelain; china
唐三彩tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty
景泰蓝cloisonne
秋千swing
武术martial arts
儒家思想Confucianism
儒家文化Confucian culture
道教Taoism
墨家Mohism
法家Legalism
佛教Buddhism
孔子Confucius
孟子Mencius
老子Lao Tzu
庄子Chuang Tzu
墨子Mo Tzu
孙子Sun Tzu
象形文字pictographic characters
文房四宝(笔墨纸观)the Four Treasures of the Study (brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone) 《大学》The Great Learning
《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean
《论语》The Analects of Confucius
《孟子》The Mencius
《孙子兵法》The Art of War
《三国演义》Three Kingdoms
《西游爷己》Journey to the West
《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions
《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes
《山海经》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers 《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror
《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals
《史记》Historical Records
《诗经》The Book of Songs
《易经》The I Ching; The Book of Changes
《礼记》The Book of Rites
《三字经》Three-character Scriptures
八股文eight-part essay
五言绝句five-character quatrain
七言律诗seven-character octave
旗袍cheongsam
中山装Chinese tunic suit
唐装Tang suit
风水Fengshui; geomantic omen
阳历Solar calendar
阴历Lunar calendar
闰年leap year
十二生肖zodiac
春节the Spring Festival
元宵节the Lantern Festival
清明节the Tomb-sweeping Day
端午节the Dragon-boat Festival
中秋节the Mid-autumn Day
重阳节the Double-ninth Day
七夕节the Double-seventh Day
春联spring couplets
庙会temple fair
爆竹firecrack
原文：
—个标准的四合院通常由一个位于中心的院子和四侧房屋构成。门通常漆成红色，并有大的铜门环。通常情况下，全家人住在大院。北端的正房由长辈居住,年轻_代生活在两侧的房子,朝南的房子里, 通常是家庭客厅或书房。
译文：
A standard siheyuan usually consists of houses on its four sides with a yard in the center. The gates are usually painted red and have large copper door rings. Usually，a whole family lives in compound. The elder generation lives in the main house standing at the north end, the younger generations live in the side houses, and the south house is usually the family sitting room or study. 【翻译练习】
与大多数中国节日一样，元宵节同样有自己的特色小吃，成为“汤圆”(也叫“元宵”)。汤圆外形圆圆的，外皮由糯米制成，内陷或甜或辣。人们都说汤圆有两个象征之意，一为农历的第一个月圆，二为家庭团聚圆满。元宵节传统习俗中还有一部分是关于猜灯谜的游戏。在过去，这些谜语大多出自于模糊的文学典故和中国古典文学之中，所以猜灯谜以前多为知识份子的“领地”。踩高跷，敲大鼓和舞龙狮也是元宵节主要的娱乐活动。
【词汇突破】
元宵节：the Lantern Festival
特色小吃：special food
糯米：glutinous rice
内陷：fillings
家庭团聚圆满：family unity and completeness
猜灯谜：guess riddles attached to the lanterns
文学典故：literary allusions
知识份子：educated class
踩高跷：stilt-walking
敲鼓：drumming
舞龙狮：dragon and lion dancing
【参考译文】
Like most Chinese festivals, the Lantern Festival has its ow n special food, called “tang yuan”. These are round, glutinous rice dumplings with sweet or spicy fillings. The dumplings are said to symbolize both the first full moon and family utility and completeness. Part of the lantern festival tradition involves a game to guess riddles attached to the lanterns. In the old days the riddles were obscure literary allusions to the Chinese classics and so were mainly the preserve of the educated classes. Stilt-walking, drumming and dragon and lion dancing are the main entertainment forms of the Lantern Festival.
中文：
英语四级翻译常用词汇：123个中文高频成语翻译 Automation 1502 YuDeyu 一、复习建议： 1. 加强历史、文化、经济以及社会发展相关热词的积累 2. 广撒网，学习、揣摩这些话题相关的难点单句训练 做这些单句训练时，先阅读1遍整个段落，专门挑出自己觉得比较难翻的句子，然后重点练习这一句的翻译。难句会了，简单句自然不在话下。 在做单句翻译时，先尝试自己翻，翻完以后，对照答案，看解析，总结和揣摩其中好的 词汇和表达。下面请大家跟着教研君给出的常考单句示例，具体学习吧~ 1. 对于大多数年轻人来说，结婚意味着独立组建家庭，然而物价的不断上涨使这一切 变得越来越困难。 参考译文：For most young people, marriage means s etting up a family independently, which has become increasingly difficult because of the constantly rising prices. 词汇点评： 组建家庭：set up a family。有同学容易使用start a family。start a family表示begin to have children“开始生儿育女”。 越来越：一般看到“越来越”大家习惯译为more and more，比如“越来越多的人”more and more people，但译为 a growing number of people可令人眼前为之一亮；而表达“变 得越来越”的含义时，使用become increasingly的译法更好。 物价的不断上涨：constantly rising prices，而不是price rising。 表达点评： 本句是一个表转折关系的并列句，后半句中的“物价的不断上涨使这一切……”中的“这一切”指代前半句中提到的“结婚意味着独立组建家庭”，因此，用which引导的非限制性定语从句，让整个句子简洁明了。 使字句的翻译：“物价的不断上涨”是“这一切变得困难”的原因，因此处理为原因状 语，用because of…来带出原因。 2. 过去十年中国房地产（real estate）行业高速发展。 参考译文：The past decade has witnessed a high-speed development in China's real estate. 词汇点评： 十年：decade 高速发展：develop rapidly; high-speed development 表达点评：
英语四级翻译练习题 1.I have had great deal of trouble______________________________.（跟得上班上的其他同学）2.I don't mind your_____________（你延期做出决定）the decision as long as it is not too late. 3.In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives_____________（起着不可缺少的作用）in raising children. 4.Mark often____________________________（试图逃脱罚款）whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 5.When I __________________（发现他骗我）I stopped buying thins there and started dealing with another shop. 6.I suggested he ____________________ （使自己适应）his new conditions. 7. What a lovely party! It's worth_________________（牢记一生）. 8. If you won't agree to our plan,_____________________（他们也不会同意）. 9. His remarks left me ____________________________（想知道他的真实目的）. 10. If you had_____________________ （听从了我的劝告，你就不会陷入麻烦） 11.Though you stay in the sea for weeks, you will not____________（失去联系）the outside world. 12.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,_____________（正在研制）and perfected now. 13.How close parents are to their children_________________ __（有很强的影响）the character of the children. 14.The room is in a terrible mess; it _____________________ （肯定没打扫过） . 15.With tears on her face, the lady _____________________ （看着他受伤的儿子被送进手术室） 16.（这个计划成功的关键）___________is good planning. 17.The specific use of leisure______（每一人都不同） 18.The ship ' s generator broke down and the pumps____________________（不得不用手工操作）instead of mechanically. 19.Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used______________（习惯了学生迟到）his lecture. 20.I prefer to communicate with my customers ______（通过写电子邮件而不是打电话） 21.After the terrorist attack, tourists ______ （被劝告暂时不要去该国旅游）
Part VI Translation (5 minutes) 1. 虚拟语气 ?(CET4-2006.12) The victim might have had a chance to survive / would have survived (本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time. ?(CET4-2009.06) If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary would not have been caught in the heavy rain (就不会被大雨淋了). ?(CET4-2009.12) You would not have failed if you had followed my instructions (按照我的指令去做). ?(CET4-2010.06) It is suggested that the air-conditioner (should) be installed by the window (要安装在窗户旁). ?(CET4-2010.12) There would be no life on earth but for / without its unique environment (没有地球独特的环境). ?(CET4-2010.12) They requested that books I borrowed (should) be returned to the library (我借的书还回图书馆) by next Friday. ?(CET4-2011.06) Jane is tired of dealing with customer complaints and wishes that she could be assigned (to) another job (能被分配做另一项工作). ?(CET4-2012.06) Those flowers looked as if they had not been watered for a long time (好长时间没有浇水了). ?(CET4-2012.12) We could have avoided making this silly mistake (本来可以避免犯这个愚蠢的错误), but we didn’t follow his advice. ?(CET4-2012.12) Yesterday Jane left the meeting early. Otherwise, she could have said something she would regret later (可能会说一些后来会懊悔的话). ?(CET4-2012.12) If the reaction were to take place, a tremendous amount of energy would be released (巨大的能量就会被释放出来). ?(CET6-2010.06) Most educators advise that kids (should) not be addicted to / obsessed with computer games (不要沉溺于电脑游戏). ?(CET6-2011.12) You shouldn't have run across the road without looking. You would have been knocked down by a car (也许会被车撞倒的). ?(CET6-2012.06) But for the survival instinct which nearly all creatures have, more species would have been extinct from the earth (更多的物种就可能已经在地球上灭绝了). ?(CET6-2012.12) Without the atmosphere, we would be forced to look for the shelter which helps us hide from the sun (将被迫寻找躲避太阳的藏身处), as there would be nothing to protect us from its deadly rays. ?(CET6-2012.12) If only they were here right now (他们要是此刻在这儿就好了), we would be able to celebrate their wedding anniversary. 2. 倒装结构 ?(CET4-2008.06) Not until he had finished the mission (直到他完成使命) did he realize that he was seriously ill. ?(CET4-2010.06) The manager never laughed; neither did she lose her temper before (她也从来没有发过脾气). ?(CET4-2011.06) The university authorities did not approve the regulation, nor did they give any reason / make any explanation (也没有解释为什么). ?(CET4-2012.12) I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never before in my life had I felt so excited (我感到如此激动)! ?(CET4-2012.12) Hardly had John finished his introductory remark when he was interrupted by the audience (他就被听众打断了). ?(CET4-2012.12) Only when you have passed the tests required can you apply for a driver’s license (你才能申请驾驶执照). ?(CET6-2009.12) Much regretted as I felt (我感到遗憾), I was unable to finish the work on time. ?(CET6-2010.06) Never has their only son thought (他们的独生儿子从未想过) to leave them and strike out on his own though he is in his late twenties. ?(CET6-2010.06) He assured his friend that under no circumstances would he break his promise / commitment to repay / pay back the money (他会违背还钱的承诺). ?(CET6-2010.12) Only when I reached my thirties did I realize that reading can not be neglected / is unignorable (我才意识到读书是不能被忽视的).
2013年12月： 段落翻译： 试卷一：中餐 【真题原文】许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养（nutrition）。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。 【翻译答案】Most people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is considered as not only a skill but also an art. The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking. Although cooking methods and food ingredient vary wildly in different places of China, it is common for good cuisine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. Since food is crucial to health, a good chef is insistently trying to seek balance between cereal, meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as well as healthy. 试卷二：信息技术 【真题原文】信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。 【翻译答案】As China citizens attaching great importance to the rapidly development of Information Technology, some college even set it as a compulsory course. Regarding to this phenomenon, people holding different views. Some people think it is not necessary, for students should learn the traditional curriculum. Another part of people think it is a need, because China should keep pace with the times. Anyway, it is a good thing that Information Technology aroused public concern. 试卷三：茶文化 【真题原文】"你要茶还是咖啡？"是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶，相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清（the qing dynasties）期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料（beverage）之一，茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。 【翻译答案】"Would you like tea or coffee?" That’s a question people often asked when having meal. Most westerners will choose coffee, while the Chinese would like to choose tea. According to legend, tea was discovered by a Chinese emperor five thousand years ago, and then was used to cure disease. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, tea houses were all over the country. Tea drinking spread to Japan in the 6th century, but it was not until the 18th century does it spread to Europe and America. Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverage in the world, and it is not only the treasure of China but also an important part of Chinese tradition and culture. 试卷四：中国结
1. 中国城市化(urbanization)将会充分释放潜在内需(domestic demand)。一些经济学家指出，在中国几乎所有的发展中城市都面临着城市化的进程。这使得许多人的生活水平有所提高，也为人们提供更多的就业机会。随着越来越多的人向城市迁徙，住房及城市基础设施建设(infrastructure construction),包括水源等能源的供应将会成为城市发展的焦点问题。商品与服务的自由、快速流通是城市化社会的一项基本特征。逐渐扩张的城市需要更多的零售店来满足消费者的需求。 参考译文 China?s urbanization will release the full potential of domestic demand. Some economists point out that urbanization is a process that is occurring in nearly every developing city in the country. It will lead to a better quality of life for many people，and provide individuals with more job opportunities. The construction of housing and city infrastructure, in?cluding water and energy supplies, will be a focal point of urban develop?ment as more people migrate to cities. Urbanization means better access to educational and medical resources in the city. But it also predicts less use of personal vehicles and more use of public transportation. The fast, free flow of goods and services is a basic trait of an urbanized society. Ex-panding cities require more retail outlets to serve customers. 2. 京剧(Beijing Opera)是中国的国粹。作为一门古老的艺术，京剧的服装(costume)、脸谱(facial mask)更易被人喜爱。不同的服装类型反映不同的人物身份特征。富贵者的服装缀满精美的刺绣;穷困者的服装则简单朴素，少有装饰(elemental)。脸谱是京剧中塑造人物形象的重要手段，它是用不同的颜色在脸上勾画出来的。脸谱的颜色让人一看便知角色(portray)的善恶。比如白色代表奸诈(treachery)，黑色代表正直不阿，黄色是骁勇，蓝、绿色多用于绿林好汉(rebellious fighters)，金、银色多用于神佛(divinity and Buddhism)等。 参考译文 Beijing Opera is the cream of the Chinese culture. As a tradi?tional art form, its costumes and facial mask are more popular with people. Different styles of costumes are used to reflect the status of different characters. There are more decorations in the costumes of nobles，while those of the poor tend to be simple and less elemental. Facial masks can reflect qualities of different characters. Facial masks using different colors are important ways to portray a character. People can tell a hero from a villain by the colors of the masks. In general，white usually represents treachery, black represents righteousness, yellow represents bravery, blue and green represent rebellious fighters，while gold and silver represent divinity and Buddhism. 3.月光族中国经济的高速发展，带来了消费文化的曰益流行，同时也催生了一批具有高学历，充分享受资本主义消费模式的年轻人，他们习惯于当月工资当月花。因而被称为“月光
1.古代的艺术家热衷于画被驯服的马，画家徐悲鸿却对画野马情有独钟。这位国画大师在法国进修期间学习了马的解剖，他花费大量的时间观察马的动态和表情。徐悲鸿画的马，有的飞奔，有的小跑，形态各异，非常有魅力。他画的马多是黑色，结合了中西方绘画手法，线条和笔画简单，但是每幅画所画的动物却都十分传神。 2.与大多数中国节日一样，元宵节同样有自己的特色小吃，成为“汤圆”(也叫“元宵”)。汤圆外形圆圆的，外皮由糯米制成，内陷或甜或辣。人们都说汤圆有两个象征之意，一为农历的第一个月圆，二为家庭团聚圆满。元宵节传统习俗中还有一部分是关于猜灯谜的游戏。在过去，这些谜语大多出自于模糊的文学典故和中国古典文学之中，所以猜灯谜以前多为知识份子的“领地”。踩高跷，敲大鼓和舞龙狮也是元宵节主要的娱乐活动。 3.清明节的习俗是丰富有趣的，除了讲究禁火、扫墓，还有踏青、荡秋千、蹴鞠、打马球、插柳等一系列风俗体育活动。相传这是因为清明节要寒食禁火，为了防止寒食冷藏伤身，所以大家来参加一些体育活动，以锻炼身体。因此，这个节日既有祭扫新坟生别死离得悲酸泪，又有踏青游玩的欢笑声，是一个富有特色的节日。 4.我们的现代化建设，必须从中国的实际出发。无论是革命还是建设，都要注意学习和借鉴外国经验。但是，照抄照搬别国经验、别国模式，从来不能得到成功。这方面我们有过不少教训。把马克思主义的普遍真理同我国的具体实际结合起来，走自己的道路，建设有中国特色的社会主义，这就是我们总结长期历史经验得出的基本结论。 5.长期以来，中美两国人民一直相互抱有浓厚的兴趣和友好的感情。中国人民欣赏美国人民的开拓进取精神，钦佩美国人民在建设国家中取得的骄人业绩。随着中国的快速发展和中美合作的不断拓展，越来越多的美国人也把目光投向中国，更加关注中国的发展进步。 6.中国是茶的故乡。据说早在五六千年前，中国就有了茶树(tea- shrub),而且有关茶树的人类文明可以追溯到两千年前。来自中国的茶和丝绸、瓷器(porcelain)—样，在1000年前为世界所知，而且一直是中国重要的出口产品。目前世界上40多个国家种植茶，其中亚洲国家的产量占世界总产量的90%。其他国家的茶树都直接或间接地起源于中国。 7.中国扇子的历史可以追溯到3000多年前的商朝(the Shang Dynasty)。第一种扇子叫作“扇汗”(Shanhan),是拴在马车上用来挡住强烈的阳光，给乘客遮雨的。“扇汗”有点像现在的雨伞。后来“扇汗”变成了由薄但是结实的丝绸或者鸟的羽毛做成的长柄扇，称为中山扇(Zhangshan fan),它主要用于皇帝的仪仗(honour guard)装饰。 8.总结一年来的工作，我们清醒地看到，经济社会发展中还存在不少问题和困难。必须坚持把人民群众利益放在第一位。要切实维护人民群众的经济、政治和文化权益，着力解决关系群众切身利益的突出问题，保障城乡困难群众的基本生活。
2013年12月大学英语四级考试翻译题目 许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。 Most people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is considered as not only a skill bu t also an art. The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking. Alth ough cooking methods and food ingredient vary wildly in different places of China, it is common for good cuisine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. Sinc e food is crucial to health, a good chef is insistently trying to seek balance between ce real, meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as well as healthy. 信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。 As China citizens attaching great importance to the rapidly development of Informati on Technology, some college even set it as a compulsory course. Regarding to this ph enomenon, people holding different views. Some people think it is not necessary, for s tudents should learn the traditional curriculum. Another part of people think it is a nee d, because China should keep pace with the times. Anyway, it is a good thing that Inf ormation Technology aroused public concern. "你要茶还是咖啡?"是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶，相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清(the qing dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一，茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。 "Would you like tea or coffee?" That’s a question people often asked when having meal. Most westerners will choose coff ee, while the Chinese would like to choose tea. According to legend, tea was discove red by a Chinese emperor five thousand years ago, and then was used to cure disease . During the Ming and Qing dynasties, tea houses were all over the country. Tea drin king spread to Japan in the 6th century, but it was not until the 18th century does it s pread to Europe and America. Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverage in the world, and it is not only the treasure of China but also an important part of Chine se tradition and culture. 中国结最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百年不断的改进，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要是用于装饰的目的。“结”在中文里意味着爱情，婚姻和团聚,中国结常常作为礼物交换或
1、上个世纪90年代以来，气候问题日渐被世人关注并演化成为 一个全球政治议题。20年的气候谈判展现出气候政治博弈的复杂局面，利益主体的分化和博弈主题的扩展造成了气候政治合作这一全球性难题。在这样的背景下，我国应当做出如下战略选择加以应对：一是掌握主动，坚持低碳发展；二是积极应对，争取话语优势；三是广泛参与，改造游戏规则。 参考译文 Since the 1990's, climate problems have become a global concern as a topic on the world political agenda. Climate negotiations in the past 20 years have ended in a compli cated situation of political game on climate, and the differentiation of the interest subjects and the extension of the theme of the game have become a global dilemma in the politica l cooperation on climate. Under such circumstances, China should respond with the follo wing strategic choices: 1. taking the initiative in our own hands and sticking to low-carbon emission development; 2. making active responses and striving for a bigger say; and 3. t aking an extensive participation, and trying to reform the game rule 2、徐霞客一生周游考察了十六个省，足迹几乎遍及全国。他在考察的过程中，从不盲目迷信书本上的结论。他发现前人研究地理的记载有许多很不可靠的地方。为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景。 Xu Xiake toured and investigated 16 provinces in his lifetime, covering almost the whole country. When he was carrying out his investigations, he never took blind belief in the co
英语四级翻译练习（习题+答案解析） 1. (不论演奏过多少回)，the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences. 2.When you get men into that state of anger, ________________ (他们很容易出麻烦). 3.______________________________(尽管我很崇拜他是个作家), I don't like him as a man. 4.His eyes were reading books________________________________(脑子却在胡思乱想). 5.Only in this way ______________(我们才能在毕业之后很快适应社会). 6._________________ (他真正希望得到的东西) is encouragement from his parents and teachers. 7.It was advised that _______________(在居民区设立更多的流动商店). 8.Why didn’t you tell me you could lend me the money? I (本来不必从银行借钱的). 9.(正是由于她太没有经验)that she does not know how to deal with the situation. 10.(将在做实验) from three to five this afternoon. 11. _______________(不管观众中的一些人如何使劲地难为他), the comedian always had a quick, sharp reply. 12. It is not yet known _______________(机器人是否有一天能拥有象人一样的视力). 13. His remarks left me ________________(想知道他的真实目的). 14. If you had_____________________ (听从了我的劝告，你就不会陷入麻烦). 15. The government was accused ______________(没能实现其改善城市交通状况的承诺). 16. This substance _______________(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍). 17. Be quick, _______________(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就结束了). 18. The war went on for years, _______________(夺去了成千上万人的生命). 19. (无论理由是什么)，we cannot tolerate this disloyalty. 20. The population of elderly people is increasing rapidly beca use people are living longer than before___ (发达国家尤为如此). 21. _______________(让世界发展如此之快的)is the modern science and technology. 22. A student must treasure his time and ________________(吸收尽可能多的知识)to lay a solid foundation for his future career. 23. For students eager to be useful to society, _______________ _(没有任何地方的教育比大学里的更好了) --studying there is like bathing yourself in the oceans of knowledge. 24. As for Williams, (他宁愿死也不愿意做这件事).
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese to English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2. 2016年12月英语四级翻译真题及参考答案（卷一）红色 在中国文化中，红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福，在春节和其他喜庆场合，红色到处可见。人们把现金作为礼物送给家人或亲密朋友时，通常放在红信封里。红色在中国流行的另一个原因是人们把它与中国革命和共产党相联系。然而，红色并不总是代表好运与快乐。因为从前死者的名字常用红色书写，用红墨水写中国人名被看成是一种冒犯行为。 参考范文：
在中国文化中，黄颜色是一种很重要的颜色，因为它具有独特的象征意义。在封建(feudal)社会中，它象征统治者的权力和权威。那时，黄色是专为皇帝使用的颜色，皇家宫殿全都漆成黄色，皇袍总是黄色的，而普通老百姓是禁止穿黄色衣服的。在中国，黄色也是收获的象征。秋天庄稼成熟时，田野变得一片金黄。人们兴高采烈，庆祝丰收。 要点1：黄颜色是一种很重要的颜色yellow is an important color, 相信这句大家都能译的出来，不过要注意：“黄颜色”不需要写yellow color，因为yellow本来就是黄色。 要点2：它具有独特的象征意义which carries a unique symbolic meaning. 要点3：它象征着统治者的权利和权威It embodies rulers’ power and authority.此处，统治者可以接受的译法还有：governor, dominator 都是可以的。象征还可以写成symbolize,represent. 要点4：皇家宫殿全都漆成黄色royal palaces were painted with yellow. 皇家宫殿royal palaces，皇帝emperor，黄袍imperial robes. 要点5：普通老百姓是禁止穿黄色衣服的average people were not allowed to wear yellow clothes，禁止还可以用：ban, forbid. 要点6：秋天庄稼成熟时，田野变得一片金黄When crops are ripe in Fall,the farmlands become a piece of golden yellow.
大学英语四级真题翻译 The Standardization Office was revised on the afternoon of December 13, 2020
大学英语四级翻译题目汇总 大纲样题 substance does not dissolve in water ________________(不管是否加热)。 only _______________(他向我收费过高)，but he didn’t do a good repair job either 89. Your losses in trade this year are nothing ____________________(与我的相比)。 90. On average, it is said, visitors spend only _____________________(一半的钱) in a day in Leeds as in London. 91. By contrast, American mothers were more likely____________________ (把孩子的成功归因于) natural talent. 2006年6月24日英语四级翻译 87. Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble ________ (找到去历史博物馆的路). 88. ________ (为了挣钱供我上学)， mother often takes on more work than is good for her. 89. The professor required that ________ (我们交研究报告)。 90. The more you explain, ________ (我愈糊涂). 91. Though a skilled worker, ________ (他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis. 2006年12月23日英语四级翻译 87. Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to _____(适应不同文化中的生活).