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2017年广东省初中毕业生学业考试--化学(试题已纠正无误-答案与改卷答案一致)

2017年广东省初中毕业生学业考试--化学(试题已纠正无误-答案与改卷答案一致)
2017年广东省初中毕业生学业考试--化学(试题已纠正无误-答案与改卷答案一致)

2017年广东省初中毕业生学业考试

化学

说明:1.全卷共6页,满分为100分,考试用时为80分钟。

2.答卷前,考生务必用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔在答题卡填写自己的准考证号、姓名、考场号、座位号。用2B铅笔把对应该号码的标号涂黑。

3.选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案,答案不能答在试题上。

4.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答、答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不

准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

5.考生务必保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束时,将试卷和答题卡一并交回。

6.可能用到的相对原子质量:H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 K-39 Ca-40

一、选择题(本大题包括14小题,每小题2分,共28分。在每小题列出的四个选项中,

只有一个是正确的,请将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑)

1.下列变化属于化学变化的是

A.死灰复燃 B.杯弓蛇影 C.冰消雪融 D.铁杵磨针

2.下列物品主要由合金制成的是

A.塑料水杯B.单车轮胎C.羊毛衣服

D.青铜雕像

3.下列试试剂瓶应有标志的是

A.氯化钠 B.蒸馏水 C.浓硫酸D.葡萄糖

4.下表是部分知识的归纳,其中正确的一组是

A.性质与用途B.化肥与施用

干冰可用于人工降雨

甲醛溶液用于当泡食品,使其保鲜铵态氮肥不能与碱性的草木灰混合施用如果庄稼的茎长得不好,可施用钾肥

C.环保与能源D.健康与安全

为治理雾霾,禁止使用化石燃料为减少“白色污染”,使用可降塑料若出现贫血,可适当补充铁元素

霉变的大米清洗煮熟后,可继续食用

5.黄蜂的毒液呈碱性,若被黄蜂蜇了,涂抹下列物质可缓解疼痛的是

A.食盐水(pH≈7)B.牙膏(pH≈9) C.肥皂(pH≈10)D.米醋(pH≈3)

6.下列化学用语书写正确的是

A.三个二氧化硫分子:2SO3 B.两个氧分子:2O

C.Co元素的化合价:Na

3

Co

+

O2 D.一个铝离子:A

3

l

+

7.“题7图”的实验设计不能实现其对应实验目的的是

A.测定空气中O2含量

B.检验H2的纯度

C.探究燃烧的条件

D.证明密度CO2>空气8.有机锗具有抗肿瘤活性,锗元素的部分信息见“题8图”。则下列说法错误的是A.X =2 B.锗原子的电子数为32

C.人体中锗是常量元素 D.锗原子的中子数为41

9.除去下列物质中的杂质(括号内为杂质),所选用的

试剂与方法正确的是

A.CO(水蒸气):通过浓硫酸洗气

B.CO2(HCl):通过饱和NaHCO3溶液洗气

C.NaCl固体(沙子):溶于水、过滤、洗涤、干燥

D.铁粉(锌粉):加入稀H2SO4溶液充分反应后过滤

10.“题10图”为四种物质的溶解度曲线。则下列说法错误

..的是

A.当温度为10℃时中,物质溶解度关系为①>③>②>

B.若NH4H2PO4中混有少量N3Cl杂质,可在较高温度配

成饱和溶液,再降温结晶

C.在10℃,把NH4H2PO4和Ce2(SO4)3的饱和溶液升温到

30℃时,有晶体析出的是Ce2(SO4)3

D.22℃时(NH4)2HPO4饱和溶液的质量分数约为70%

11.下列实验操作、现象与结论对应关系正确的是

选项实验操作现象结论

A 向Na2CO3溶液中滴入溶液溶液变红色Na2CO3溶液呈碱性

B 往NaOH溶液中加入稀盐酸没有明显现象NaOH和盐酸不反应

C 用燃着的木条伸进某瓶气体中木条熄灭该气体一定是CO2

D 把MnO2加入过氧化氢溶液中快速产生气泡MnO2能增加O2的产量12.现有反应:2Cu(NO3)2 2CuO+O2↑+4X↑,则X的化学式为

A.NO B.NO2 C.NH3 D.N2O3

13.“题13图”是某牌子泡打粉的说明,下列说法错误

..的是

A.碳酸氢钠俗称小苏打

B.泡打粉可以随意放置

C.加入泡打粉制伯的蛋糕更松软CO2

+32X 8 18 4

【品名】XX泡打粉

【净含量】50g

【保质期】18个月

【保存】请置于阴凉干燥处

【配料】碳酸氢钠、碳酸钙、柠檬酸等【使用方法】直接与面粉混合

D.面粉是有机物,碳酸盐是无机物

14.现有以下曲线,与之对应的叙述正确的是

A.用氨酸钾制取氧气 B.等质量碳酸钙与足量同浓度稀盐酸反应

C.硝酸铵溶于水时溶液的温度变化 D.发生的反应为:2KNO 2KNO2+O2↑

二、填空题(本大题包括5小题,共21分)

15.(5分)解释生活中的现象:

(1)活性炭净水原理是,(2)用水灭火原理是。

(3)如果用硬水和肥皂洗衣服,会出现,洗不干净衣服。

(4)如果用铁桶农药“波尔多液”(硫酸铜溶液+石灰浆),铁桶受到腐蚀的化学反应方程为。

16.(4分)微观示意图右形象地表示微粒发生的变化。

(1)请在“题16图”第二、三个方框中,把NH3在纯氧中燃烧

(4NH3+3O2点燃 2N2+6H2O)的微观粒子补充完整:

H

NH

3

O

2

N

2

和H

2

O

题16图

+点燃O

N

(2)第三个方框中的物质属于(填:“单质”、“化合物”、“纯净物”、“混合物”)。

17.(4分)“题17图”是实验室配制一定溶质质量分数的NaCl溶液的流程图。

请回答:

(1)应称量 gNaCl,需加水 mL。

(2)若称量NaCl固体时指针向右偏转,则应直到天平平衡。

(3)取上述溶液10g加水稀释到 g,可得到5%的NaCl溶液。

18.(4分)据报道一名5岁男孩将零食包的生石灰干燥拆开,倒入玻璃保湿杯,加水盖上

盖子玩耍,保湿杯瞬间爆炸,造成男孩的右脸红肿脱皮,一只眼睛失明,近年来类似的事件时有发生,请回答:

(1)发生爆炸的原因是:在狭小的空间内,生石灰与水反应时放出,便剩余的少

量水 ,体积迅速 发生爆炸。

(2)爆炸造成块状划伤、高温浊液烫伤,还有强碱的 伤害。 19.(4分)

(1)做实验时要严格遵守实验规则。请写出“题19图”这些同学做化学实验时的违规行为(写三点): 。

(2)化学知识可以识别和揭露伪科学。现有摘录的广告语:“本矿泉水绝不

含化学物质;pH=7.3,呈弱碱性,能平衡人体内酸碱度,让人体处于弱碱性环境。”该广告的科学性错误是(写一点): 。

三、(本大题包括2小题,共15分)

20.(6分)A ~H 分别是氢、氧、碳、氮、钠、钙六

种元素中的一种或几种组成的初中化学见物质(如“题20图”所示,箭头表示物质间能转化,实线表示物质间能反应)。请回答: (1)若B 常温下为固态,则B 是 , F 的化学式为 。

(2)若B 常温下为气态,则A 是 。 (3)G+H 反应的化学方程式为 ;此反应属 反应(填反应类型)。 21.(9分)某垃圾处理厂对生活垃圾进行处理与综

合利用的分流程见“题21图”:

资料1:垃圾焚烧产生的气 中含有SO 2等有害气体。 资料2:FeSO 4容易被空气

中的O 2氧化。 回答下列问题:

(1)石灰将吸收SO 2(性质与CO 2相似)的化学反应方程式为 。 (2)溶解步骤中同时发生的三个化学反应方程式为:Fe+Fe 2(SO 2)3==3FeSO 4、 、 。

(3)将所有得FeSO 4溶液在氮气环境中蒸发浓缩、 、过滤,得到FeSO 4晶体,其中氮气的作用是 。

A

B

C

E G D

F H (金属单质)

(非金属单质)

(氧化物)(碱)

(盐)

(氧化物)(酸)

(盐)

题20图

(4)政府倡导垃圾分类,其好处是(写一点):。

四、(本大题包括2小题,共22分)

22.(12分)根据“题22图”回答有关问题。

题22图

(1)仪器a的名称是;图中可用于加热KClO3制备O2的装置为(填序号),化学反应方程式为。

(2)若用铁片与稀盐酸在A装置中制备H2,铁片应放在;用F收集H2时导入气体的导管端为(填“b”或“c”);检验装置D气密性的方法是:用止水夹夹紧导管口的橡胶管后,,则气密性良好。

(3)图中可用于固液反应制备气体的装置中,不能使反应随时发生或停止的装置是(填序号),原因是反应过程中若用止水夹夹紧橡胶管后,

(4)若用过氧化氢溶液制备O2,最好选用装置(填序号),把F满水,用排水法收集O2并测定气体体积,应在端(填“b”或“c”)连接上一个量筒。

23.(10分)某同学进行“题23图”两个实验。

(1)甲实验中反应的化学方程式为

(2)乙实验观察到的现象是

,溶液由蓝色变成无色。

(3)把甲、乙反应后的溶液

..倒入同一烧杯,发

现有白色沉淀生成,他决定对白色沉淀的成分

进行探究。

【查阅资料】硫酸钡不溶于酸。

【提出猜想】白色沉淀为:Ⅰ.;Ⅱ.Mg(OH)2和BaSO4;Ⅲ.Mg(OH)2和MgCO 3。

【实验方案】

实验操作实验现象与结论

氧钡

【拓展与思考】如果猜想Ⅲ成立,产生此结果的原因是做甲实验时 ; 上述白色沉淀的成分不可能出现的组合是Mg(OH)2、MgCO 3和BaSO 4,原因是: 。

五、(本大题包括2小题,共14分)

24.(4分)2017年5月18日,中国在南海成功试采可燃冰,它将推动世界能源利用格局的改变,可燃冰是在高压低温环境条件下,水分子笼中装甲烷分子而成的“冰块”,可直接点燃。已知某种可燃冰的化学式为:CH 4·8H 2O 。请回答:

(1)这种可燃冰中含有 种元素;原子个数比: C ∶H ∶O= ;

(2)这种可燃冰中甲烷的质量分数为 %;936g (约1升)该可燃冰常温下可释放出 升甲烷(常温下甲烷密度为0.72g/L )

25.(10分)某化学兴趣小组取部分变质的Ca(OH)2(含杂质CaCO 3)样品4.0g 投入200.0g 水中,充分搅拌,通入足量CO 2,溶液质量与反应的CO 2质量的关系如“题25图”所示。则:

(1)Ca(OH)2全部转化为CaCO 3时消耗的CO 2质量 为 g ;

(2)4.0g 样品中杂质CaCO 3的质量为多少?(写出计算过程)

(3)通入m 3gCO 2时,溶液中生成物的溶质的质量分数为 (精确到0.1%)。若所取样品的Ca(CH)2没有完全溶于水,对最后的计算结果 (填“有”、“没有”)影响。原因是: 。

1

m (m 2m

溶液)

g

------------------

2017年广东中考化学参考答案

一、选择题

题目 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 答案 A D C B D C A C A D A B B D

二、填空题

15.(1)吸附作用(1分)(2)把可燃物的温度降到着火点以下(1分)

(3)肥皂泡少(或浮渣,1分)(4)Fe+CuSO4═FeSO4+Cu (2分)

16.(4分)

(1)(3分)如图:(2)(1分)混合物

17. (4分)(1)7.5 42.5 (2)在左盘再加氯化钠(3)30

18. (4分)(1)大量的热(1分)迅速沸腾或汽化(1分)膨胀(1分)

(2)腐蚀性(1分)

19.(1)(3分)在实验室吃食物;加热物质时没有专心观察加热仪器;手持试管加热;在实验室追逐嬉戏;用湿手插接电源;衣服放在实验桌上(任选其三,其他合理答案也可)(2)(1分)水由化学元素组成也是化学物质(或即使吃进弱碱性物质也会被胃酸中和)

三、(本大题包括2小题,共15分)

20.(6分)(1)(2分)碳(或C) H2CO3 (2)(1分)钠(或Na)

(3)(3分)Na2CO3+Ca(NO3)2═CaCO3↓+2NaNO3复分解

21.(9分)(1)(2分)SO2+Ca(OH)2═CaCO3+H2O(此处未写“↓”不扣分)

(2)(4分)Fe+H2SO4═FeSO4+H2↑、 Fe2O3+3H2SO4═Fe2(SO4)3+3H2O

(3)(2分)冷却结晶(或结晶)保护气(或避免FeSO4被空气中的氧气氧化)

(4)(1分)有利于回收利用(或有利于环境保护等)四、(本大题包括2小题,共22分)

22.(12分)(1)(4分)漏斗、 C 、 2KClO3

2

MnO

2KCl+3O2↑

(2)(4分)塑料片上、 c 、向长颈漏斗中加入一定量的水(1分),若水面下降到一定程度后能稳定保持液面不再下降(1分);

(3)(2分)B 、固液不能分离(或不能把液体压入长颈漏斗)

(4)(2分)B 、 b

23.(10分)(1)(2分)Na 2CO 3+Ba(OH)2═BaCO 3↓+2NaOH (2)(1分)镁条表面出现红色固体 (3)【提出猜想】(1分)Mg(OH)2 ①(4分)Mg(OH)2 +2HCl ═MgCl 2+2H 2O ②(1分)沉淀部分溶解 ③(1分)且有气体产生

【拓展】(2分)滴加的碳酸钠过量、

甲反应后的溶液中碳酸钠和氢氧化钡不能共存 五、计算题

24.(4分)(1)3 1:20:8 (2)10 130 25.(10分)(1)2.2(2分)

(2)设所取样品中含Ca(OH)2的质量为x ,------------------------------(1分) 根据图象可知CO 2的质量为2.2 g.

CO 2 + Ca(OH)2 ═ CaCO 3↓+ H 2O ----------------------(1分) 44 74

2.2 g x ------------------------------------------------(1分)

x

74

g 2.244 解得x =3.7g -------------------------------------(1分)

所取样品中杂质CaCO 3的质量=4.0g-3.7g=0.3g ---------------(1分) 答:(略)

(3)4.1% (1分) 没有(1分) 在水中,未溶解的 Ca(OH)2 可以不断与CO 2 反应直至全部转化(1分)

计算过程:CO 2 + Ca(OH)2 ═ CaCO 3↓+ H 2O 44 100 2.2 g y y=5.0g

CaCO 3 +H 2O+CO 2 ═ Ca(HCO 3) 2 100 44 162 0.3g+0.5g m n m=2.3g n=8.6g 溶质8.6g 溶液200.0+4.0+(2.2+2.3)=208.5g 8.6g+208.5g×100%=4.1%

【必备】广东省2017年中考英语真题试题(含答案)

2017年广东省初中生毕业考试 英语 一、听力理解(本大题为A、B、C、D四部分,共25小题,每题1分,共25分) A. 听单句话(本题有5小题,每小题1分,共5分) 根据所听句子的内容和所提问题,选择符合题意的图画回答问题,并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑,每小题听一遍。 1. What time did jenny have breakfast this morning? A B C 2. How tall is Amy? A B C 3. Where is Jane going to meet her friend? A B C 4. Which is Mark’s favorite su bject? A B C 5. What is Sarah doing? A B C

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()4.-China's first large passengerplane C919 flew successfully on 5 May. -Y es. What's more, it was built on our own in Shanghai. A.with some help B.from our friends C.by ourselves ()5.-Hi, Bob! What's going on over there? -O h, Tom and Dick are playing chess, with a crowd of students watching them. A.happening B.appearing C.working ()6.-Ding Ning beat Miu Hirano, a Japanese player, in the 2017 World Table Tennis Championship. -We are all excited at the good news. A.fought with B.won against C.lost by ()7.-Did you see the movie Dangal 《摔跤吧,爸爸》last

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B. 听对话(本题有10小题,每小题1分,共10分)根据所听内容,回答每段对话后面的问题,在每小题所给出的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案,并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑.每段对话听两遍. 6.(1分)听第一段对话,回答第6小题. 6.What's the problem with George's homework? A.Spelling mistakes. B.Grammar mistakes. C.Awful handwriting. 7.(1分)听第二段对话,回答第7小题. 7.What is the boy going to do tomorrow afternoon? A.Play basketball B.play football. C.Play volleyball. 8.(1分)听第三段对话,回答第8小题. 8.How much is one tea set with eight cups? A.40 yuan. B.160 yuan. C.200 yuan. 9.(1分)听第四段对话,回答第9小题. 9.How does the woman like the city? A.She is not used to the weather there. B.She thinks the traffic there is very good. C.She likes the shopping environment there. 10.(1分)听第五段对话,回答第10小题. 10.Why is the girl going to the bookstore tomorrow?

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2017年广东省深圳市中考英语试卷(含答案)

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广东省2017年中考英语试卷(真题含答案)

广东省2017年中考英语试卷(真题含答案)

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