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中考英语总复习-形容词与副词精讲

中考英语总复习-形容词与副词精讲
中考英语总复习-形容词与副词精讲

形容词与副词

一、考点解读

中考对于形容词,副词的考查集中在原级、比较级和最高级的基本句型上,这是中考试题设置的重点所在。近年来对形容词、副词词组的辨析成为考查形容词的又一种命题方式。

A.形容词

1.形容词的基本功能及其在句子中的位置。

2.形容词的比较等级的构成。

3.形容词原级的用法。

4.形容词比较级的用法。

5.形容词的最高级的用法。

6.使用形容词时的易混知识。

B.副词

1.副词的用法。

2.副词的位置。

3.副词的比较等级的构成及用法。

4.副词的易混知识。

5.形容词怎样变成副词。

二、专题梳理

形容词用法

(一)形容词的基本功能及其在句子中的位置

说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态,常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。

1.形容词作定语,放在名词之前,不定代词之后。

e.g.The beautiful girl is my sister. 那个漂亮的女孩是我的妹妹。

I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情要告诉你。

2.作表语,放在系动词之后。

e.g.Our school is big and clean. 我们的学校又大又干净。

3.作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后。

e.g.You must keep your eyes closed. 你必须闭上眼睛。

I find it hard to travel around the big city. 我发现在这个大城市旅行很难。

4.某些形容词放在定冠词之后,变成名词,表示一类人。常见词有good/bad,rich/poor,young/old,deaf/blind,black/white,living/dead等。

e.g.The rich should help the poor. 富人应该帮助穷人。

(二)形容词比较等级的构成:原级、比较级和最高级

规则变化

类别构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节词一般直接加-er,-est long longer longest

和少数双音节词

tall taller tallest 不发音的e结尾时加-r,-st

late

large

later

larger

latest

largest 辅音字母加y结尾时把y变i,

再加-er,-est

easy

happy

easier

happier

easiest

happiest 重读闭音节结尾并且只有一个

辅音字母时,双写最后的辅音

字母,再加-er,-est

big

hot

bigger

hotter

biggest

hottest

多音节词和部分双音节词

在原级前加more,most

careful

beautiful

more careful

more beautiful

most careful

most beautiful 在原级前加less,least

important

useful

less important

less useful

least important

least useful

不规则变化

原级比较级最高级

good/well(身体好的)better best many/much more most bad/ill worse worst

little less least

far

farther(较远)

further(进一步)

farthest(最远)

furthest(最大程度)

old

older

elder(较年长的)

oldest

eldest(最年长的)

注意:不规则变化的比较级和最高级要背熟。

(三)形容词原级用法

1.说明人或事物自身的特征、性质和状态时用形容词原级。

e.g.The flowers in the garden are beautiful. 这花园里的花很美。

2.有表示绝对概念的副词very,so,too,enough,quite等修饰时用形容词原级。

e.g.The boy is too young. 这男孩太小了。Math is very difficult. 数学很难。3.表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。

(1)肯定句中的结构:“A…+as+形容词原级+as+B”

e.g.English is as interesting as Chinese. 英语和语文一样有趣。

(2)否定句中的结构:“A…+be +not +as/so+形容词原级+as +B”

e.g.This book isn’t as new as that one. 这本书不如那本书新。

I am not so careful as Lucy. 我没有露西仔细。

(3)表示“A是B的……倍”时,用“A…+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B”结构。

(一次:once,两次:twice,三次以上:数字+times)

e.g.Our school is three times as big as theirs. 我们学校是他们学校的三倍。

This table is twice as long as that one. 这张桌子是那张桌子的两倍长。

(四)形容词比较级用法

1.表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级,最明显的提示词是than,其结构为“A…+比较级+than +B”。

e.g.Li Lei’s room is bigger than mine. 李雷的房间比我的大。

注意:为了避免重复,在从句中常用the one,that,those等词来替代前面出现过的名词。其中the one替代可数名词单数形式,the ones或those替代可数名词复数形式,that替代不可数名词。

e.g.The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter.

北京的天气比广州的天气冷。

2.有表示程度的副词a little,a bit,a few,a lot,much,even,still,far,rather,any等修饰时,用形容词比较级。

e.g.I feel even worse now. 我现在觉得更难受了。

3.表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更……”时,用句型“Which/Who is+形容词比较级,A or B?”表示。

e.g.Which sweater is more beautiful, the yellow one or the pink one?

哪一件毛衣更漂亮,黄色还是粉红色的?

4.表示“几倍于……”时,用“倍数+比较级+than”表示。

e.g.I am three years older than you. 我比你大三岁。

5.表示“两者之间最……一个(of the two)”时,常用“the+比较级”结构。

e.g.Mary is the taller of the twins. Mary是双胞胎中的高个子。

6.表示“越来越……”,用比较级重叠结构,即“比较级+and+比较级”,多音节词和部分双音节词时用“more and more+形容词原级”。

e.g.It’s getting warmer and warmer in spring. 春天天气变得越来越暖和。

Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的家乡越来越漂亮了。

7.表示“越……就越……”时,用“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构。

e.g.The more we get together, the happier we’ll be.我们越是在一起,就越开心。

(五)形容词最高级用法

1.表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围。

e.g.He is the strongest of the three boys. 在三个男孩子中,他是最强壮的。

2.表示在三者或三者以上的人或物进行选择时,用“Which/Who is+the+最高级,A,B or C?”结构。

e.g.Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou?

哪个城市最漂亮,北京、上海还是福州?

3.表示“最……的……之一”时,用“one of the+形容词最高级”结构,该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。

e.g.Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers. 周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌星之一。

4.形容词最高级前面可以加序数词,表示“第几最……”。

e.g.The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China. 长江是中国第一大长河。

5.形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词,指示代词,名词所有格等修饰,但此时不能再用定冠词the。

e.g.This is our last lesson today. 这是我们今天的最后一节课。

6.形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。

e.g.Li Lei is the tallest student in his class. 李雷是班上最高的学生。

=Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class.李雷比班上其他任何一个学生都高。

=Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class. 李雷比班上其他所有的学生都高。

=Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class. 李雷比班上其他任何人都高。

(六)使用形容词时易混知识

1.-ing形容词和-ed形容词

-ing形容词-ed形容词例句

surprising令人惊讶的surprised感到惊讶的

This is a surprising story.

I am surprised at the news.

interesting有趣的interested感兴趣的I have an interesting book. He is interested in science.

exciting令人兴奋的excited感到兴奋的

Have you heard of the exciting

news?

We are excited about the traveling.

pleasing令人愉快的pleased感到愉快、满意

This is a pleasing trip.

The teacher is pleased with our

performance.

frightening令人恐惧的frightened感到恐惧的

This is a frightening story. We are frightened of the ghost.

moving令人感动的moved受感动的

Titanic is a moving film. We are moved by Hong Zhanhui

deeply.

tiring使人疲倦的tired感到疲倦的The speech is very tiring. Are you tired of it?

fascinating迷人的fascinated着迷的What a fascinating voice!

Many boys are fascinated by computer games.

表示主动意义,多指事物对人的影响,一般修

饰事物。表示被动意义,多指人

对事物的感受,主语一

般是人,常用于“sB.+

-ed形容词+介词”结

构。

We are all interested in the

interesting story.

2.比较的对象不能相互包容

牢记下列结构:

比较级+than+any other+单数名词all (the)other+复数名词

any one/anybody else any of the other+复数名词

the rest of+复数名词或不可数名词

注意:在同一范围内进行比较时,必须把主体排除在被比较的范围之外。

e.g.China is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲其他任何一个国家都大。

(同一范围内,只能和其他对象进行比较)

China is larger than any country in Africa. 中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。

(不同范围内,可以和其他任意一个对象进行比较)

3.在两者进行比较“表示A不如B”时,多音节和部分双音节形容词除使用“not…as/so+形容词原级+as”结构外,还可使用“less+形容词原级+than”结构。

e.g.I am not as careful as Lily. 我没有Lily仔细。=I am less careful than Lily.

4.许多形容词加-ly可以构成副词,但有些-ly结尾的词不是副词,而是形容词。

friendly(友好的)lonely(孤独的,孤单的)

lovely(可爱的,有趣的)likely(有希望的)

daily(日常的)lively(有生气的,活泼的)

上面我们复习了形容词,下面我们复习副词,副词分为“①时间副词,如yesterday(昨天);②地点副词,如inside(在里面);③方式副词,如quickly(快地);④程度副词,如very(很);⑤疑问副词,如when(什么时候);⑥关系副词,如why(为什么)。关系副词用来引导定语从句。有些知识如时间、地点,是非常明显的东西,只需要提一下。今天我们主要复习以下几个方面:

副词用法

(一)副词是用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词,主要修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。

1.作状语,用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词和句子。

e.g.Please listen to me carefully. 请你认真地听我讲。

Luckily, he was not badly hurt. 幸运地,他伤得不是太重。

2.作表语,表示方位上的变化。

e.g.My father will be back in a week. 我父亲一周后回来。

3.作宾语补足语。

e.g.Let him in, please. 请让他进来。

(二)副词的位置

1.一般作状语时放在谓语动词之后。如果谓语动词带有宾语,副词则放在宾语后面。

E.g. He is drawing a horse carefully. 他在认真地画一匹马。

2.频度副词作状语时放在be动词或助动词、情态动词之后,行为动词之前。

e.g.He is always late for school. 他总是上学迟到。

3.某些副词是为了强调上下句的衔接,放在句子之前。

e.g.Suddenly he had a good idea. 突然他想出了一个办法。

4.enough修饰形容词和副词时,要放在所修饰词之后。

e.g.The boy is old enough to go to school. 这孩子够大了能去上学。

(三)副词比较等级用法

1.副词的比较级、最高级的变法和形容词的比较级、最高级变法基本相同。刚才我们已经讲过。2.在两者进行比较“表示A不如B”时,部分双音节和多音节副词除使用“not…as/so+副词原级+as”结构外,还可使用“less+副词原级+than”结构。

e.g.Bill didn’t do his homework as carefully as Jim. Bill做作业没有Jim认真。

=Bill did his homework less carefully than Jim.

3.副词最高级前一般不加定冠词the。

e.g.Lin Tao did best in English of all. 林涛是所有人中英语最好的。

4.副词的比较级不规则变化表

原级比较级最高级

well(好地)better best

badly worse worst

little less least

much more most

far farther farthest further furthest

(四)副词易混知识清单

1.how long,how soon,how often

how long“多久,多长时间”,是对一个持续的时间段提问,常用“for+时间段”和“since+时间点”回答。

how soon“多快,多久以后”,是对一个短暂性动词提问,用于一般将来时句子中,常用“in+时间段”回答。

how often“多长时间一次”,对频度提问,常用“once,twice,three times a week”等回答。

how far“多远”,对距离提问。

e.g.—How long have you lived in Beijing?—你住在北京多久了?

—For ten year. —十年了。

—How soon will your father come back?—你父亲多久以后回来?

—He will come back in a week. —他一周后回来。

—How often do you play football?—你多长时间踢一回足球?

—Once a week. —一周一次。

—How far is it from here to your home?—这离你家有多远?

—Only 200 meters away. —只有200米远。

2.hard/hardly

hard“努力地,辛苦地”;“剧烈地,猛烈地”是程度副词。

hardly“几乎不”,是否定副词。

e.g.We should study hard as students. 作为学生,我们应该努力学习。

I can hardly catch up with you, can you walk slowly?我几乎赶不上你了,你能走慢一点吗?3.much too/too much

much too“非常,极其,太”,much和too都是副词,much修饰too,用以加强语气,中心词是too,much too修饰形容词或副词原级。

too much“太多”,中心词是much,too修饰much,以加强语气,too much修饰不可数名词。与too many相对,但too many修饰可数名词。

e.g.The skirt is much too dear. 这裙子太贵了。

Pl ease don’t eat too much ice-cream. It’s bad for your health.不要吃太多的冷激凌,它对身体不好。4.too/also/either

too一般不用于否定句,常放在句尾。

also用于肯定句和疑问句,常放在be动词或助动词之后,行为动词之前。

either用于否定句,常放在句尾。

e.g.You are a student, I am a student, too. 你是学生,我也是学生。

They are also students. 他们也是学生。

I don’t like the film, either. 我也不喜欢这部电影。

5.too, enough, so

too“太,很”,用于“too…to”结构,表示否定意义“太……而不能……”。

enough“足够”,用于“形容词/副词原级+enough to…”结构,表示“足够……能……”。

so“如此”,用于“so…that…”结构,表示“如此……以至于……”。

e.g.The man is too old to look after himsel

f. 这人年纪太大了不能照顾自己。

The boy runs fast enough to win the game. 这男孩跑得足够快能赢。

The camera is so expensive that I can’t afford it.照相机太贵了,我买不起。

6.already/yet

already常用于肯定句。yet常用于否定句和疑问句句尾。

e.g.I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成了家庭作业。

Have you finished your homework yet?你完成了你的家庭作业吗?

(五)形容词怎样变成副词

一般来说形容词就是形容词,副词就是副词,但也有很多形容词可以加ly来构成副词。heavy——heavily careful——carefully beautiful——beautifully

true——truly quick——quickly loud——loudly

clear——clearly happy——happily lucky——luckily bad——badly

同学们特别要注意副词修饰行为动词这一点。如:

He is very careful. He does everything carefully.

第一句中是作表语,用adj. careful;第二句中修饰行为动词does用adv. carefully.

hard努力——hardly几乎不late迟的,晚的——lately近来

deep深——deeply深深地near靠近——nearly差不多

wide宽——widely广泛地high高的——highly高度地

close靠近的——closely密切地free免费的——freely自由地

三、备考策略

对于考查形容词、副词的原级,比较级、最高级的基本句型时要注意以下几点:

(1)判断是哪一种句型;

(2)能根据句子中的修饰语进一步判断。

在平时的学习中应该准确记忆大纲所要求掌握的形容词的词义,并结合所给语言环境做出正确判断。

七、中考英语形容词_副词练习题(附答案)

八年级英语语法(形容词、副词)专项习题 一、单项填空 1.There are many young trees on ______ sides of the road. A. every B. each C. both D. all 2.--- It's so cold today. --- Yes, it's ______ than it was yesterday. A. more cold B. more colder C. much colder D. cold 3.Little Tom has ______ friends, so he often plays alone. A. more B. a little C. many D. few 4.She isn't so _______at maths as you are. A. well B. good C. better D. best 5.Peter writes _______ of the three. A. better B. best C. good D. well 6.He is ________ enough to carry the heavy box. A. stronger B. much stronger C. strong D. the strongest 7.I bought ______ exercise-books with _______money. A. a few; a few B. a few; a little C. a little; a few D. a little; a little 8.The box is _____heavy for the girl ______carry. A. too; to B. to; too C. so; that D. no; to 9.The ice in the lake is about one meter _____. It's strong enough to skate on. A. long B. high C. thick D. wide

中考英语形容词、副词总复习

形容词、副词 (一) 知识概要 形容词的用法很活跃,在英语中用处也很多,但英语中修饰可数名词和不可数名词的修饰语和词组有时不同,要特别加以注意。下面将初中学习阶段中遇到的修饰可数名词的词和词组归纳如下:many, no, several, some, a few, a lot, lots, plenty, plenty of, a lot of, a large number of, enough。而修饰不可数名词的词或词组如下:much, no, some, a lot, a great deal, lots, plenty, a lot of, plenty of。 其中some, no, a lot of, plenty of既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。 英语中形容词与副词有原级、比较级、最高级之分,其规则如下: 构词法原级比较级最高级加er,或est Tall young taller younger tallest youngest 只加r或st nice large nicer larger nicest largest 重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母时双写该字母加er、est big fat hot bigger fatter hotter biggest fattest hottest 不规则变化的形容词或副词:

原级比较级最高级 good better best Well better best bad worse worst badly worse worst many more most most more most little less lest far farther further farthest furthest old older elder oldest eldest 要注意的是许多形容词同时又是副词,如:back, all, alone, either, far, high, slow等。而有些形容词则要经过一定变化才能转为副词,其规律如下: 构词法形容词副词 一般加ly Careful kind carefully kindly 尾是y时将y变成i加ly Happy busy easy Happily busily easily 其他true terrible full possible shy whole truly terribly

中考英语形容词副词(含答案)

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