构词法1

英语单词构‎词法一学习目标：1.了解英语单‎词的三大构‎词法重点学习合‎成法；派生法转化‎法2.学习重难点‎：学习合成法‎；派生法转化‎法学习过程：1.英语构词法‎之一：合成法利用复合法‎构成的单词‎，是由两个各‎自本身有意‎思的词，组合在一起‎，拥有一个新‎的意思。

例如：class‎m ate(同班同学)= class‎(班级) + mate(同伴)类似的单词‎还有许多,根据这个方‎法可以让自‎学单词：同事 workm‎a te 校友 schoo‎l mate‎同桌 deskm‎a te合成名词的‎构成方法1.动词+副词 get-toget‎h er 聚会2.副词+动词 incom‎e收入 outpu‎t产量，输出3.名词+名词 apple‎tree 苹果树 boy stude‎n t 男生 woman‎docto‎r合成形容词‎的构成方法‎1.形容词+名词-ed warm-heart‎e d 热情的 kind-made 手工的 left-hande‎d左手的2.名词+过去分词 man-made 人造的 hand-made 手工的water‎-cover‎e d 被水覆盖的‎3.副词+过去分词 well-known‎著名的 highl‎y-devel‎o ped 高度发展的‎4.形容词+现在分词 good-looki‎n g 漂亮的 easy-going‎随和的5. 副词+现在分词 hard-worki‎n g 辛劳的2．英语构词法‎之二：派生法形象地说“派生法”就是从一个‎单词引申出‎另外一个新‎词。

学生也会发‎现许多单词‎加一些词缀‎就成了另一‎个词，什么叫词缀‎呢？1.前缀除少数英语‎前缀外，前缀一般改‎变单词的意‎义，不改变词性‎；英语后缀一‎般改变词类‎，而不引起词‎义的变化2.后缀后缀通常会‎改变单词的‎词性，构成意义相‎近的其他词‎性；少数后缀还‎会改变词义‎，变为与原来‎词义相反的‎新词。

英语词汇构词法I，合成法（Compound）由两个或两个以上的单词合成的新单词，占英语词汇总量的20%以上，这些新生词的含义可以很据它所包含的单词的含义推断出来。

例如：classmate同班同学schoolmate校友roommate室友workmate同事再如：homework家庭作业homemade家制的homecoming回家，想家hometown家乡homesick想家的，思乡的1.合成名词：（1）n.+n. sportsman,bathroom,spaceship,workshop（2）n.+-ing water-skiing,sightseeing,sunbathing（3）adj.+n. blackboard,midnight,barefoot,highway（4）v.+ing+n. living-room,swimming-pool,starting-point（5）adv.+v. out+put,income,down-fall,outbreak（6）v.+adv. get-together,break-through,tryout（7）v.+n. postcard,pickpocket,salesman（8）n.+v. daybreak,sunrise,earthrise,waterfall（9）n.+v.+er story-teller,peace-lover,trouble-maker（10）prep./adv.+n. underground,afternoon,upside（11）other formations: fisherman,breakfast,editor-in-chief2.合成形容词：（1）adj+n.-ed blue-eyed,middle-aged,four-legged（2）n.+V.-ed heart-broken,man-made,state-owned（3）n.+adj. ice-cold,self-confident,world-famous（4）adj.+n. open-air,half-way,full-time,second-hand（5）n.+v-ing English-speking,hardworking,peace-loving（6）adj./adv.+v-ed well-educated,newly-published,wide-spread（7）other formations: take-away,face-to-face,arm-in-arm,upset 3.合成动词：（1）n.+v. moonwalk,self-design,typewrite（2）adj.+v. dumbfound,whitewash,ill-treat（3）adv./prep. + v. overcome,underline,overtake4.合成副词: however, maybe, indoors5.合成代词: himself,everyone,somethingII，转化法（Conversion）单词的词类发生转化，而词形不变。

英语构词法(完整版）一、词根、前缀与后缀英语构词法主要分为词根、前缀和后缀三种方式。

词根是单词的核心部分，通常包含了一个单词的基本意义。

前缀位于词根之前，用以改变单词的意义。

后缀位于词根之后，主要用来改变单词的词性。

1. 词根（1）act：表示“行动”，如：act（行动）、actor（演员）、action（动作）；（2）bio：表示“生命”，如：biology（生物学）、biography （传记）；（3）dict：表示“说”，如：dictate（口述）、dictionary （字典）；（4）form：表示“形状”，如：form（形状）、formal（正式的）、format（格式）。

2. 前缀（1）un：表示“不”，如：unhappy（不快乐的）、unusual（不寻常的）；（2）re：表示“再次”，如：rewrite（重写）、return（返回）；（3）pre：表示“在……之前”，如：predict（预测）、preview（预览）；（4）dis：表示“相反”，如：dislike（不喜欢）、disagree （不同意）。

3. 后缀（1）ness：表示“状态”，如：happiness（幸福）、sadness （悲伤）；（2）ful：表示“充满”，如：hopeful（充满希望的）、careful（小心翼翼的）；（3）ly：表示“副词”，如：quickly（迅速地）、slowly（慢慢地）；（4）tion：表示“动作、状态”，如：action（动作）、invention（发明）。

二、合成法与派生法在英语构词法中，除了词根、前缀和后缀，还有合成法和派生法两种重要的构词方式。

这些方法丰富了英语词汇，使得表达更加精确和多样。

1. 合成法（1）名词+名词：如：snowfall（降雪）、bookstore（书店）；（2）名词+形容词：如：worldwide（全世界的）、citywide（全市的）；（3）形容词+形容词：如：darkblue（深蓝色的）、lightgreen （浅绿色的）；（4）动词+副词：如：lookup（查阅）、takeover（接管）。

易成教育个性化辅导讲义教师姓名瞿芳学科英语上课时间讲义序号学生姓名年级组长签字日期课题名称十大词性之构词法（1）教学目标认知构词法的分类掌握常见的词缀教学重点难点熟记常见的词缀合成课前检查作业完成情况：优□良□中□差□建议__________________________________________教学过程词汇是学习语言的基础，理解和掌握构词法可以提高记忆单词的效率，有助于我们扩大词汇量。

英语构词法主要有：合成转化法、派生法、混成法，截短法和首字母缩略法，其中前三种最重要。

一、合成（Compounding）由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连词符号“一”连接，有的直接连写在一起。

合成法主要有：（1）合成名词：①n+n→nclassroom, schoolyard, spaceship, newspaper,postman, housewife, 等。

②adj +n→nmainland, blackboard,gentleman, newcomer(新来者),best-seller(畅销书),shorthand( 速记)③v+n→npickpocket(扒手),breakwater(防水堤), runway(跑道),rush-hour(高峰时间)，rubstone(磨刀石)④-ing+n→ nreading-room, waiting-room, sleeping-pill(安眼药), writing desk⑤adv / prep +n →nafternoon, onlooker(旁观者)⑥n+ing→nhandwriting(书法),sightseeing, horse riding, sun—bathing（日光浴）⑦n+adv→npasser-by (过路人) breakthrough(重大突破)get-together, turn-off(断开), ,breakdown(衰落)⑧adv+v→noutbreak(爆发), output(输出),input, downfall(垮台)⑨n+介词短语→nfather-in-law(岳父),son-in-law(女婿),command-in-chief(总司令),comrade-in-arms(战友)（2）合成形容词①adj / 数词+ n+-ed →adjone-eyed (独眼的),three-legged②adj+-ing →adjgood-looking (相貌好看的),easy-going(随和的),English-speaking,③adj+n→adjlow-price, high-class(高级的),second-hand(旧的),everyday,large-scale(大规模)④n+adj→adjlifelong(终生的),nationwide(全国性的),worldwide, world-famous,color-blind(色盲的),airsick(晕飞机的)⑤n+ 分词→adjman-made, state-owned(国有的), radio-equipped, sunburned(晒黑的)peace-loving(热爱和平的)fun-loving(爱开玩笑的)⑥adv+分词→adjwell-known, widespread (分布广的),well-informed(消息灵通的),hard-working(勤劳的) Far-reaching（深远的）long-lasting（耐用的）(3)合成动词①adv +v→voverthrow(推翻),undergo(经历),uphold(高举), overhear(无意),output(输出),input,②n+v→vsleep-walk(梦游),daydream(做白日梦),spoonfeed(填鸭式灌输),sun-bathe, mess-produce (大规模生产)③adj+v→vwhitewash(粉刷),blacklist(列入黑名单),dry-salt(干腌), deep-freeze(冷藏)(4)合成副词①adv+adv→advhowever, whenever, moreover(而且), therefore,②adj+adv→adveverywhere, nowhere, somewhere, anywhere,③n+adv→advheadfirst(头朝下),daylong(整天),nightlong(通宵)④adv+n→advdownstairs, upstairs, downhill, inside, westward, upward,(5)合成代词some, any, every, no 可与-thing –one, -body 合成代词，代词宾格(物主代词)+self(selves):something, everything, anyone nobody, yourselves, himself,二、转化（ conversion ）由一种词类转化成另一种或几种词类1．n→advLet‘s go hand in handPlease hand in your exercise books after classwater:水→浇水 place:地方→放置 land:土地→着陆design:图案→设计 seat:座位→使就座 book:书→预定2．adj→vHer room is clean and tidyShe cleans her room every dayquiet:安静的→使…静 slow:慢的→使慢下来back:后面的→支持，使后退 warm:暖和的→使暖和3．adv→vPlease sit downThe government easily downed(打倒)riot.near:附近地→靠岸 up:向上→抬起， out:在外→赶出further:更进一步地→促进4.v→nHe visited the summer palace yesterdayWe paid a visit to the scientist last weektaste:：尝起来→味道 use:：使用→用处 fly：飞行→苍蝇:cause：引起→起因 show：显示→节目 guess：猜→猜想:5.adj→nWe are very youngThe cow took good care of her young( 幼畜 )right: 正确的→权利 native:本地的→本地人major:主要的→主修科目fat:肥胖的→脂肪三、派生（derivation）由一个词根加上前缀和（或）后缀构成另一个词。

四种构词法构词法主要有四种：派生法、合成法、转换法和截短法。

一、派生法在一个词的词根的前面或后面加上某个词缀来产生新词，这种构词法称为派生法。

加在前面的词缀叫前缀，加在后面的词缀叫后缀。

（一）后缀：许多名词、形容词、副词和动词是由词根加后缀构成的。

1.构成名词的常用后缀有：（1）-er,-or,-ist,-ee,-ese,-ant等用于构成表示人或物的名称。

（2） -ance, -ence, -（a）tion, -sion, -ics, -ing, -ity, -ment, -ness, -th,-ty,-ure,-ship等用于构成表示行为、性质、状态等抽象名词。

2. 构成形容词的常用后缀有：-able, -ible, -al, -ful, -less, -ish, -ive, -ous, -an, -ary, -en等。

3. 构成副词的常用后缀有：-ly, -ward, -wise等。

4. 构成动词的常用后缀的有：-ise/ize, -en, -ify等。

（二）前缀：词根加前缀多数不改变词性，只引起词义的变化。

1. 表示相反意义的前缀有：un-, dis-, in-, im-, ir-, il-, de-等。

2. 表示其他意思的前缀有：re-（重新），mpost-（后的），fore-（先的）等。

二、合成法由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词，这种构词法称为合成法（compounding）。

合成词之间有的要用连字符连接，有的直接连接在一起。

三、转换法在词行不变的情况下，一个单词由一种词性转换成另一种词性，称为转换（conversion）。

转换后的词义与转换前的词义通常有密切的联系，但有时差异也很大。

有些双音节的词转换后，重音要发生变化。

通常名词重音在前，动词重音在后，有时读音也有不同。

四、截短法即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。

关于合成法：合成名词：构成方式例词名词+名词weekend周末；名词+动词daybreak黎明；名词+动名词handwriting书法；名词+及物动词+er/or pain-killer止痛药；名词+介词+名词editor-in-chief总编辑；代词+名词she-wolf母狼；动词+名词typewriter打字机。

英语构词法(版权所有：吴耀武) 1.表示否定或反义的常用词缀:2.表示时间的常用词缀：3.表示数字的常用词缀:4.动词化常用词缀:5.名词化常用词缀:6.形容词化常用词缀：7.表示属性的常用词缀:8.表示方向、位置的常用词缀:9. 表示程度的常用词缀：10.其他常用词缀词根:阅读难点关键句200句（以包括译文）1. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centred on the child'sideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement.2. But it will be the driver's responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.3. However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing your vehicle; or you are making a localdelivery or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it.4. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.5. Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could he slowed down.6. With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.7. Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect （智能）and emotion, and determine the human character.8. Contraction of front and side parts as cells die off was observed in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty and seventy-year-olds.9. The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns.10. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.11. We know that you have a high opinion of the kind of learning taught in your colleges, and that the costs of living of our young men, while with you, would be very expensive to you.12. But you must know that different nations have different ways of looking at things, and you will therefore not be offended if our ideas of this kind of education happen not to be the same as yours. 13. We are, however, not the less obliged by your kind offer, though we refuse to accept it; and, to show our grateful sense of it, if the gentlemen of Virginia will send us a dozen of their sons, we will take care of their education, teach them in all we know , and make men of them.14. In what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer history, the earth's postwar era, there was quite a wide-spread concern that computers would take over the world from man one day.15. Already today, less than forty years later, as computers are relieving us of more and more of the routine tasks in business and in our personal lives. We are faced with a less dramatic but also less foreseen problem.16. Obviously, there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all its answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong.17. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.18. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travellers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it , let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface.19. The first time that the question " What is at the bottom of the oceans?" had to be answered with anycommercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed.20. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.1、老师注重错误没错，但是如果他更注重孩子的思想的话，他失望的表现会使孩子有提高的动力。