西南大学2017年教育学考博真题
一、论述中国特色教育学话语权的建构
二、论述学生核心素质体系
三、论述教育在中国制造向中国创造的作用
四、论述学科教学知识对教师专业发展的意义
Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage: When Kathie Gifford ’s face was splashed across the newspapers in 1996 after her lucrative line of Wal mart clothing was exposed as the work of underpaid laborers in New York City ’s Chinatown, the Department of Labor and the White House teamed up to condemn such practices. With much fanfare, President Clinton’s administration launched the “No Sweat” campaign, which pressured retailers and manufacturers to submit to periodic independent inspection of their workplace conditions.; This campaign urged manufacturers to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct, a promise to self regulate that has since been adopted by a handful of retailers and many of the nation ’s largest manufacturers, including Nike and L.L. Bean. However, the Department of Defense, which has a $ 1 billion garment business that would make it the country’s 14th largest retail apparel outlet, has not signed the Code of Conduct. In addition, it has not agreed to demand that its contractors submit to periodic inspections.; Because the Department of Defense has not agreed to adhere to the code, the job of stopping public sector sweatshops falls to the Department of Labor. Federal contractors that persist in violating wage laws or safety and health codes can lose their lucrative taxpayer financed contracts. But Suzanne Seiden, a deputy administrator at the Department of Labor, says that to her knowledge, the department has never applied that rule to government apparel manufacturers. “I just assume that they are adhering to safety and health requirements,” she says. According to records obtained by Mother Jones, through a Freedom of Information Act request, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has cited Lion 32 times for safety and health violations in the past 12 years. 21.What is this passgage mainly concerned with? A)The functions of the Department of Labor in America. B)A serious problem threatening American economy. C)The successful attempt of regulating sweatshops in America. D)The seriousness of the problem of sweatshops in America. 22.According to the passage, Kathie Gifford ____. A) was one of the underpaid laborers in New York City’s Chinatown B) was one of the well paid laborers in New York City ’s Chinatown C) made much money from cheap laborers in New York City’s Chinatown D) wrote a newspaper article exposing the practice of employing cheap laborers 23.The underlined p hrase “to submit to” is closest in meaning to ____. A) to accept unwillingly B) to refuse coldly C) to welcome warm heartedly D) to blame strongly 24.Which of the following statements about the Department of Defense is true? A) It will become the count ry’s 14th largest retail apparel manufacturer. B) It hasn’t acted according to the Workplace Code of Conduct. C) It has demanded its contractors to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct. D) It has teamed up with the Department of Labor to launch a campaign. 25.What was the purpose of President Clinton’s administration launching the “No Sweat” campaign? A) To urge manufacturers to obey the Workplace Code of Conduct. B) To remind the manufacturers of the Workplace Code of Conduct. C) To urge the Department of Labor to take its responsibility. D) To urge the Department of Defense to inspect manufacturers. Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage: The term investment portfolio conjures up visions of the truly rich-the Rockefellers, the Wal Mart Waltons, Bill Gates. But today, everyone-from the Philadelphia firefighter, his part time receptionist wife and their three children, to the single Los Angeles lawyer starting out on his own-needs a portfolio.; A portfolio is simply a collection of financial assets. It may include real estate, rare stamps and coins, precious metals and even artworks. But those are for people with expertise. What most of us need to know about are stocks, bonds and cash (including such cash equivalents as money market funds).; How do you decide what part of your portfolio should go to each of the big three? Begin by understanding that stocks pay higher returns but are more risky; bonds and cash pay lower returns but are less risky.; Research by Ibbotson Associates, for example, shows that large company stocks, on average, have returned 11.2 percent annually since 1926. Over the same period, by comparison, bonds have returned an annual average of 5.3 percent and cash, 3.8 percent.; But short term risk is another matter. In 1974, a one year $1000 investment in the stock market would have declined to $735.; With bonds, there are two kinds of risk: that the borrower won’t pay you back and that the money you’ll get won’t be worth very much. The U.S. government stands behi nd treasury bonds, so the credit risk is almost nil. But the inflation risk remains. Say you buy a $1000 bond maturing in ten years. If inflation averages about seven percent over that time, then the $1000 you receive at maturity can only buy $500 worth of today’s goods.; With cash, the inflation risk is lower, since over a long period you can keep rolling over your CDs every year (or more often). If inflation rises, interest rates rise to compensate.; As a result, the single most imortant rule in building a portfolio is this: If you don’t need
2015年四川大学考博《英语》真题 (总分：100.00，做题时间：180分钟) 一、ⅠReadingComprehension 二、Passage1 Speechissofamiliarafeatureofdailylifethatwerarelypausetodefineit.Itseemsasnatural tomanaswalkingandonlylesssothanbreathing.Yetitneedsbutamoment'sreflectiontoconvinceus thatthisnaturalnessofspeechisbutanillusoryfeeling.Theprocessofacquiringspeechis,insob erfact,anutterlydifferentsortofthingfromtheprocessoflearningtowalk.Inthecaseofthelatt erfunction,culture,inotherwords,thetraditionalbodyofsocialusage,isnotseriouslybrought intoplay.Thechildisindividuallyequipped,bythecomplexsetoffactorsthatwetermbiologicalh eredity,tomakealltheneededmuscularandnervousadjustmentsthatresultinwalking.Indeed,the veryconformationofthesemusclesandoftheappropriatepartsofthenervoussystemmaybesaidtobe primarilyadaptedtothemovementsmadeinwalkingandinsimilaractivities.Inaveryrealsense,th enormalhumanbeingispredestinedtowalk,notbecausehiselderswillassisthimtolearnthear t,butbecausehisorganismispreparedfrombirth,orevenfromthemomentofconception,totake onallthoseexpendituresofnervousenergyandallthosemuscularadaptationsthatresultinwalkin g.Toputitconcisely,walkingisaninherent,biologicalfunctionofman. Notsolanguage.Itisofcoursetruethatinacertainsensetheindividualispredestinedtotalk ,butthatisdueentirelytothecircumstancethatheisbornnotmerelyinnature,butinthelapofasoc ietythatiscertain,reasonablycertain,toleadhimtoitstraditions.Eliminatesocietyandthere iseveryreasontobelievethathewilllearntowalk,if,indeed,hesurvivesatall.Butitisjustasce rtainthathewillneverlearntotalk,thatis,tocommunicateideasaccordingtothetraditionalsys temofaparticularsociety.Or,again,removethenew-bornindividualfromthesocialenvironmenti ntowhichhehascomeandtransplanthimtoanutterlyalienone.Hewilldeveloptheartofwalkinginhi snewenvironmentverymuchashewouldhavedevelopeditintheold.Buthisspeechwillbecompletelya tvariancewiththespeechofhisnativeenvironment.Walkingthenisageneralhumanactivitythatva riesonlywithinarestrictedlimitaswepassfromindividualtoindividual.Itsvariabil ityispurposeless.Speechisahumanactivitythatvarieswithoutassignablelimitaswepassfr omsocialgrouptosocialgroup,becauseitisapurelyhistoricalheritage,theproductoflong-cont inuedsocialusage.Itvariesasallcreativeeffortvaries-notasconsciously,perhaps,butnoneth elessastrulyasdothereligions,thebeliefs,thecustoms,andtheartsofdifferentpeoples.Walki ngisanorganic,instinctivefunction,speechisanon-instinctive,acquired,"cultural"functio n. (1).ThefirstsentenceofParagraphTwo,"Notsolanguage"istheclosestinmeaningto______. " A.thisisnotthecasewithlanguage " B.soislanguageandnotanythingelse " C.nosuchathingexistsinlanguage " D.notsomuchwithlanguage A.√ B. C. D. 解析：细节推理题。Notsolanguage承接首段的最后一句话，将language与walking进行对比，上文提及"行走是人类与生俱来的一种生物功能"，而语言则不是。选项A与文中的意思最接近。故答案为A。
2015西南财经大学考博英语真题阅读理解精练Less than a year ago，a new generation of diet pills seemed to offer the long-sought answer to our chronic weight problems.Hundreds of thousands of pound-conscious Americans had discovered that a drug combination known as“fen-phen”could shut off voracious appetites like magic，and the FDA had just approved a new drug，Redux，that did the same with fewer side effects.Redux would attract hundreds of thousands of new pill poppers within a few months. But now the diet-drug revolution is facing a backlash.Some of the nation“s largest HMOs，including Aetna U.S.Healthcare and Prudential Healthcare have begun cutting back or eliminating reimbursement(退款补偿、报销)for both pills.Diet chains like Jenny Craig and Nutri/System are backing away from them too.Several states，meanwhile，have restricted the use of https://www.doczj.com/doc/3e3822239.html,st week the Florida legislature banned new prescriptions entirely and called on doctors to wean(使断绝)current patients from the drug within30days;it also put a90-day limit on Redux prescriptions.Even New Jersey doctor Sheldon Levine，who touted Redux last year on TV and in his book The Redux Revolution，has stopped giving it to all but his most obese patients. The reason for all the retrenchment(紧缩、删节)：potentially lethal side effect s.Over the summer，the FDA revealed that82 patients had developed defects in t heir heart values while on fen-phen，and that seven patients had come down with the same
2019年西南财经大学431金融学综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版） 金融学部分 一、简答题（每题8分，共48分） 1．简述资产需求理论及其变动方向。 2．简述利率风险结构。 3．股权的委托代理问题发生的原因和措施。 4．简述贷款承诺的含义和好处。 5．简述金融创新的动力。 6．简述政府赤字持续引起通货膨胀的条件。 二、计算题（15分） 当前一年期利率7%，预计两年期利率6%，三年期5%，四年期4%。求： （1）根据预期理论算两年期、三年期、四年期的长期利率；
（2）流动性溢价为1%、1.6%、2.2%，根据流动性溢价理论算未来利率；（3）根据第二小问画出收益率曲线。 三、论述题（15分） 论述货币政策资产价格传导渠道。 四、材料题（12分） （材料略） 1．请问有哪两个传统的外汇干预手段？ 2．外汇干预手段怎么影响基础货币？ 3．根据短期汇率供求决定因素，解释为什么政府口头承诺会稳定汇率？ 公司金融部分 一、简答题（每题5分，共20分） 1．证券发行的成本（举出五种即可）。 2．公司持有现金的三大动机。
3．用SML如何计算权益资本成本。 4．公司的经营杠杆的经济意义及如何计算。 二、计算题（每题10分，共20分） 1．投资一个项目，第二年后开始产生现金流入，首期产生现金流215000，折现率为10%，现金流以4%的稳定增长，求项目现在的价值。 2．公司股价为20元，股票发行数量为140万股，债券账面价值为500万，市场价值为账面的93%，无风险收益率为8%，市场风险溢价为7%，公司的贝塔值为0.74，债券资本成本为11%，公司所得税为34%，求公司的加权平均资本成本。 三、材料题（20分） 公司资本结构为70%的权益，30%的负债，权益资本成本为15%，负债资本成本为8%，公司所得税率为35%，公司拟投资一计算机系统，投资850000，系统残值75000，5年内折旧。投入后成本每年减少320000，营运资本共减少102000。 （1）计算该项目的加权平均资本成本； （2）计算税后残值； （3）计算经营性现金流量； （4）公司考虑是否接受这个项目？
西南财经大学管理学2010年研究生入学考试试题及参考答案 一、名词辨析（5×8=40分） 〔1〕组织的结构性维度和关联性维度 答案：组织的结构维度指的是描述组织的内部特征的维度，他包括形式化、专业化、标准化、权力层级、集权化、复杂性、职业化和人员比率等方面；组织的关联性维度是组织结构的外生性变量，包括组织的战略、规模、技术、环境和组织文化等方面。 〔2〕组织效能和组织效率 答案：关于组织效能的定义，不同的管理学派有不同的观点，德鲁克认为组织效能是实现组织目标的程度。组织效率与组织效能相比，其范围要有限一些。组织效率是指产出一个单位产品所耗资源的数量，它可以由投入产出率来衡量。 〔3〕成本领先与差异性 答案：成本领先战略必须有一个高效率的生产或运作系统或架构作为后盾，才可以用低于竞争对手成本的产品在市场上进行竞争；差异性战略则有所不同，低成本的运作时次要的，规划的首要目标是产品的独特性。因此有创意的设计和品质管理是不可或缺的。 〔4〕保健因素和激励因素 答案：激励因素与工作本身或工作内容相关的方面，即激励因素与个人的工作成就、工作责任感、通过工作获得的晋升和承认等都有直接的联系。保健因素是工作本身之外的，更多的和工作的外部环境有关联，包括公司政策、工资福利和安全保证等。 〔5〕工作扩大化和丰富化 答案：工作扩大化是企图用职务工作内容有更多变化的方法，来消除因重复操作带来的单调乏味感，它意味着职务工作范围的扩大，但并没有增加责任。工作丰富化也叫充实工作内容，是指在工作内容和责任层次上的基本改变，并且使得员工对计划、组织、控制及个体评价承担更多的责任。 二、简答（3×10=30分） 〔1〕组织再造对组织结构、文化、信息系统的影响 答案：组织再造工程会在组织结构、组织文化、信息系统方面为组织带来一些根本性的变化。 在组织结构方面：由于再造工程要重新审查跨职能边界的工作流程，因此总是会引起组织结构向更为横向式 的结构转变。 在组织文化方面：当公司扁平化，更多的权力转向下层时，公司文化便发生了变化，底层的员工被授予决策 权，并对绩效的改进富有责任。信任和对过时的宽容正在成为组织的核心文化价值观。 在管理信息系统方面：随着工作流程向过程而不是职能的转变，管理信息系统也需要跨越部门边界。 〔2〕马斯洛需求和ERG理论的主要差别 答案：ERD理论与马斯洛需求理论的不同有三个方面：1、以3种需求代替5种需求；2、马斯洛认为需求层次是一个严格的阶梯式序列，而ERG理论却认为多种需求可以同时存在，不认为必须以这一秩序进行。 3、马斯洛认为：一个人会滞留某一特定的需求层次直到这种需求得到满足；ERG理论
2015西南财经大学考博英语历年真题 一、招考介绍 从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。 二、西南财经大学考博英语题型 Part1:词汇,30题15分 Part2:阅读理解,四篇20题40分 Part3:短文翻译,英译汉15分汉译英15分 Part4:作文,15分 三、考博英语必备参考书 育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。 四、联系导师 在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。 大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。 通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种： （1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。 （2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。
四川大学2012考博英语真题及答案详解 阅读 1）Sign has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are unique—a speech of the hand. They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands language, and throw new light on an old scientific controversy: whether language, complete with grammar, is something that we are born With, or whether it is a learned behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D. C., the world’s only liberal arts university for deaf people. When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school enrolled him in a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something odd: among themselves, students signed differently from his classroom teacher. Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code, each movement of the hands representing a word in English. At the time, American Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English (混杂英语). But Stokoe believed the “hand talk” his students used looked richer. He wondered: Might deaf people actually: have a genuine language? And could that language be unlike any other on Earth? I t was 1955, when even deaf people dismissed their signing a s “substandard”. Stokoe’s idea was academic heresy (异端邪说). It is 37 years later. Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture—is having lunch at a cafe near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution. For decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural languages like English, French and Japanese. They assumed language must be based on speech, the modulation (调节) of sound. But sign language is based on the movement of hands, the modulation of space. “What I said,” Stokoe explains, “is that language is not mouth stuff—it’s brain stuff.” 21. The study of sign language is thought to be _____C___. A) a new way to look at the learning of language B) a challenge to tradi t ional, views on the nature of language C) an approach: to simplifying the grammatical structure of a language D) an attempt to clarify misunderstanding about the origin of language（C） 22. The, present growing interest in sign language was stimulated by ___C_____. A) a famous scholar in the study of the human brain B) a leading specialist in the study of liberal arts C) an English teacher in a university for the deaf D) some senior experts in American Sign Language（C） 23. According to Stokoe, sign language is _____B___. A) a Substandard language B) a genuine language C) an artificial language D) an international language（B）
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编11 (总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：25，分数：50.00) 1.The camel is ______by the humps on its back and an ability to go without water for days at a time.（分数： 2.00） A.described B.characterized C.symbolized D.personified 2.With all its defects the little play has a real ______; it attracts a lot of people every day.（分数：2.00） A.quality B.charm C.theme D.exposition 3.The members of the club______ a plane to lake them on holiday to France.（分数：2.00） A.bought B.chartered C.leased D.borrowed 4.It is agreed that all nations should take measures against terrorism on the basis of the UN______ and other international laws. (2002年中国人民大学考博试题)（分数：2.00） A.Charter B.Constitution C.Concordance D.Custody 5.The noise was caused by a dog ______ a cat through the garden.（分数：2.00） A.chasing B.fighting C.catching D.following 6.In his ______ to further knowledge of the universe, man has now begun to explore space.(2003年南京大学考博试题)（分数：2.00） A.attempt B.expedition C.trial D.chase 7.The two friends sat in a comer and ______ away to each other about the weather.（分数：2.00） A.talked B.chatted C.muttered D.whispered 8.The boy ______ his friend out of the apple by insisting that it was rotten, if not poisonous.（分数：2.00） A.frightened B.forced C.cheated
西南大学2015年博士研究生入学考试英语试题答案 Part I: Grammar and V ocabulary (20%) 1-5CADDD 6-10AABCD 11-15 CABBA 16-20 CBAAC Part II: Reading Comprehension (30%) 1-5 DCACB 6-10 AACAD 11-15 DAACA Part Ⅲ：English to Chinese Translation(15%) 她看到了屋外广场上，充满新春气息的树梢是那么的兴奋。空气中弥漫着芬芳的雨的气息。窗户下面的街道上，小贩正在叫卖他的器皿。远处传来缥缈的歌声，数不清的麻雀也在屋檐下叽叽喳喳地唱个不停。 对着她窗户的西边天空上，层层叠叠的云朵之间，露着一绺一绺的蔚蓝蔚蓝色的天空。突出文章的主题：被压抑的个性和对自由的追求。她把头靠在椅背上，非常地平静。除了像个孩子自己哭着睡着了，还继续呜咽一样，她也偶尔地呜咽一下，这使她有点颤抖。 她很年青，她那白皙、安详的脸上线条，显示着一种压抑甚至说是一种力量。但是现在，她那凝望蓝天的双眸，目光茫然，甚或有点呆滞。这并不是匆匆沉思的一瞥，更不是一种长久的深思熟虑，而是精神世界一片空旷。 Part Ⅳ: Chinese to English Translation(15%) Primary and secondary school will impart to you only some rudiments of knowledge. Even what you learn during the four years of university will be something quite superficial too. A university has often been misleadingly referred to as "the highest seat of learning, which sounds as if there were no more learning to speak of beyond it. The research institute of a university, however, is the place for preliminary scholarship. But even there you get only the first taste of learning and the emphasis is on research methodology and practice. Art is long, life is short. That is why some of our ancients continued to study even when they were hoary-headed. They were, of course, motivated by an enormous interest in their studies. Part V: Essay Writing (10%) The Pleasure of Learning The Pleasure of Learning Almost everyone will be confused when they ask themselves, "why we learn. " In China, students answer this question, "to pass the College Entrance Examination". But after I read the article which entitled The Pleasure of Learning, I know the correct answer. It's the pleasure of learning. In this article, the author thinks learning is a natural, inborn and instinctive pleasure, and it's one of the innate pleasures of the human race. However, this pleasure is not confined to learning from textbooks. It is found in all kinds of the experience, practices, arts, crafts and explorations. He believes that the wholeness of