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第十一章 功概念总结

第十一章 功概念总结
第十一章 功概念总结

第十一章 功

1、做功的两个必要因素:(1) ; (2)物体在 。 功的公式: ;单位:W → ;F → ;s → 。(1焦=1 ).

2、不做功的三种情况:(1) ,如搬石头未搬动;(2) :如物体在光滑平面上自由滑动,足球踢一脚后运动;(3) :如手提水桶在水平面上走动。

2、把一个鸡蛋举高1m ,做的功大约是 J 。功的原理:使用任何机械都不 。

3、 用100N 的水平力推重1000N 的木箱,使它沿水平地面前进10m 。推力做功__________J ,重力做功__________J 。

4、功率物理意义: 。计算公式: = 。单位:P → ;W → ;t → ;v → 。(1瓦= 表示的物理意义是: 。1千瓦= 瓦)

5、甲乙两台机器,功率之比为2:3,工作时间之比为1:3,则它们所做的功之比为 。

6、常见的功: 克服重力做功:W= ;克服阻力(摩擦力)做功:W= 。

7、能量:一个物体能够 ,我们就说这个物体具有能。①能量表示物体做功本领大小的物理量;能量可以用能够做功的多少来衡量。②一个物体“能够做功”,并不是一定“要做功”,也不是“正在做功”或“已经做功”。如:山上静止的石头具有能量,但它没有做功,也不一定要做功。

8、探究决定动能大小的因素,根据 判断动能大小;使钢球从同一 滚下,来控制速度不变:。

9、动能和势能的转化:①质量一定的物体,如果加速下降,则动能 ,重力势能 , 转化为 ;②质量一定的物体,如果减速上升,则动能 ,重力势能 , 转化为 ;

10、向上抛出的石块在空中上升时是______能转化为______能;到达最高点后下落,是_______能转化为_________能.

11、洒水车沿街道匀速行驶,将水洒向路面,在此过程中它的动能将_____,这是因为速度虽不变,但___________.

12、 跳水运动员跳水时,跳板的________能转化成________能,又转化成_________能,最后转化成她的________能,而进入水中。

13、人造地球卫星绕地球的椭圆轨道运行, 近地点高度最____,势能最____;速度最____动能最____。远地点势能最____,动能最____,近地点向远地点运动时,_______转化为______,远地点向近地点运动,________转化为________,整个机

械 能 动能 定义:物体由于 具有的能量 影响因素: 物体 、 越大,动能越大 势能 重力 势能 定义:物体由于 而具有的能量 影响因素: 物体 、 越大,重力势能就越大 弹性

势能

定义:发生 的物体具有的能量 影响因素: 物体 越大、弹性势能就越大

过程机械能________。

14、机械能守恒:如果除重力和弹力外没有其他外力做功,(题中有“不计阻力”等字眼)则动能势能转化过程中机械能总和________。

④滚摆上升下落过程中,如果不计空气阻力,机械能守恒。最低点速度最_______,动能最_____,最高点重力势能最_____,动能最_____。若考虑空气阻力,滚摆每次上升高度______,机械能转化为______。

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—-可编辑修改,可打印—— 别找了你想要的都有! 精品教育资料——全册教案,,试卷,教学课件,教学设计等一站式服务—— 全力满足教学需求,真实规划教学环节 最新全面教学资源,打造完美教学模式

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新概念英语4答案,新概念英语第四册答案Unit 1 CABDD BDAAC AB Unit 2 BCBDC ACAAD BC Unit 3 CABDA CDABA CD Unit 4 ACCAB BCDAA BD Unit 5 CABAB DACBB DD Unit 6 CACCC AAADB AA Unit 7 DCABA BACDA AC Unit 8 BDABD BAABC BC Unit 9 CDBAA CABAC AD Unit 10 CAABD CBBDC AA Unit 11 AABDD DADDB DD Unit 12 CABAC CDACA AB Unit 13 ACDAC BDABC AD Unit 14 DBDCC ACCBD BD Unit 15 CADCD DBACA CA Unit 16 ABCCA DDBAB AC Unit 17 BBADA BBDCD CA Unit 18 BABCD CDCCC BA Unit 19 BBCAD AABDD BC Unit 20 BCADC CCBDB CA

Unit 21 BDBBA ADDAB CA Unit 22 CDACB ADBCD AB Unit 23 CADCC DCABC AC Unit 24 AACCB CADDA CD Unit 25 DBADD CACDB CA Unit 26 CBCBA CDDAB AC Unit 27 BCDCC ACCDD DA Unit 28 ADCDA BCADA BD Unit 29 CCADD CCADA BC Unit 30 CABDD BCCAC DC Unit 31 AABAD BADDC BD Unit 32 BDCBA DBDCA BC Unit 33 BDBAD BCCDC BA Unit 34 DCACB DACDB CA Unit 35 CBCAC ABBDC CD Unit 36 ACBCC ACCDB AC Unit 37 CABAC DBCDC BD Unit 38 CAABB ACBDD AB Unit 39 BCADA BDDBD BC Unit 40 DCDAC ADDDA DB

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Lessorfl Finding fossil man We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas-legends handed dow n from one gen e ratio n of story-tellers to ano ther. These lege nds are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have n either history nor lege nds to help them to find out where the first 'modern merT came from. Fort un ately, however, ancient men made tools of st one, especially flint, because this is easier to shape tha n other kin ds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace. Lesson2 Spare that spider Why, you may won der, should spiders be our friends ? Because they destroy so many in sects, and in sects in elude some of the greatest en emies of the huma n race. In sects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals. We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat in sects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the nu mber destroyed by spiders. Moreover, un like some of the other in sect eaters, spiders n ever do the least harm to us or our belongings. Spiders are not in sects, as many people think, nor even n early related to them. One can tell the differe nee almost at a glance for a spider always has eight legs and an in sect n ever more than six. How many spiders are engaged in this work on our behalf ? One authority on spiders made a census of the spiders in a grass field in the south of England, and he estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre, that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a football pitch. Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killi ng in sects. It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill, but they are hungry creatures, not content with only three meals a day. It has been estimated that the weight of all the in sects destroyed by spiders in Britai n in one year would be greater tha n the total weight of all the human beings in the country. Lesson3 Matterhorn man Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all.

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