1、一般过去时
与
现在完成时
的区别
2、一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；
?现在完成时强调过去的事情对现在的影响或结果。
3、
?例如：We are good friends(现在情况)
?我们是好朋友。
?I got to know him in 2005. (过去的动作)
?我在2005年认识（结识）他
?We have known each other since 2005. (现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在)
?自从2005年来我们就相互认识
?4、Linda has a big house. (现在情况)
?She bought the house ten years ago. (过去的动作)
?She has owned the house for ten years.
?She has lived in the house for ten years. (现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在)
?5、2. 一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
?一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday，last week，…ago，in1980，in October，just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。
?6、现在完成时的时间状语：for，since，so far，ever，never，just，yet，till/until，up to now，in past years，always等，皆不确定或模糊的时间状语。
?共同的时间状语：this morning，tonight，this November，now，already，recently，lately 等。
?7、3. 现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live，teach，learn，work，study，know.。
?一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come，go，leave，start，die，finish，become，get married等。
8、
?I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）
?I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）
?I got up five hours ago.
?I have been up for five hours. (强调结果）
?Why did you get up so early？（强调起床的动作已发生过了）
?9、Who hasn‘t handed in his paper？
?(强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争)
?He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续）
?He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续）
?10、Who hasn‘t handed in his paper？
?(强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争)
?He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续）
?He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续）
?11、for和since的运用
for表“经历(一段时间)”，而since表“自从……以来”。
?例如：
? 1. He has stayed here for 3 hours.
? 2. He has stayed here since 3 hours ago.
3. He has stayed here since 3 o’clock.
? 4.He has taught English since he came here.
12、Fill in the blanks with “for” or “since”:
1.We have had the new computer _______ a week.
2.How long have you studied English?
I have studied English _______ I was five.
3. How long has he taught in this school?
He has taught in this school ______ 1998.
4. How long have you known each other?
We have known each other ______ over ten years.
5. How long have you kept your pet dog?
I have kept it ______ two years ago.
I have kept it ______ two years.
?13、They got married six months _____.
?They has been married _______ six months.
?They have been married _____ 6 months ____.
?I first met Susan two years _____.
?I have known Susan _____ two years.
?I have known Susan ______ two years ago.
?Sue is in the office. She’s been there _____ three hours.
?Sue came to the office three hours _____.
?Sue has been in the office _____ 3 hours ____.
?14、James has been in Canada ______ Monday.
?James has been in Canada ______ four days.
?James came to Canada four days _____.
?My aunt has lived in Brazil _____ 15 years.
?My aunt moved to Brazil 15 years _____.
?She has lived in Brazil ______ 15 years ______.
?Mike has been in hospital _______ October.
?Mike has been in hospital ______ two months
?Mike came to the hospital two months ______
?He has been in hospital ______ two months ___
?15、already和yet 的区别
already常用于肯定句中或句末；yet常用于一般疑问句或否定句末。但表惊讶时already也可用于疑问句。例如：
? 1.Tom has already finished his home-work.
? 2. Tom hasn’t finished his homework yet.
3.What! Have you already finished it?
?16、Shall we eat lunch? I am ________ hungry.
?Have you met our foreign teacher _____?
?No, not ______.
?Has the bell rung _____?
?Yes, It has ________ rung.
?The computer has not been repaired ____.
?We have _______ changed the plan because Linda hasn’t made up her mind ______.
Have you ordered the takeaway food _____?
?Yes. We have ________ ordered it.
17、Multiple choice.
( ) 1. – Has your brother found his lost car ____?
- No, he hasn’t.
A. still
B. already
C. just
D. yet
( ) 2. The visitors _____ here for a week.
A. have left
B. have come
C. have arrived
D. have been
( ) 3. Where ____ you _____ all these years, Jim?
A. have, been
B. did , be
C. were, been
D. did, stay
( ) 4. I’ve ____ this dictionary ____ a year.
A. bought, for
B. had, for
C. bought, since
D. had, since
18、( ) 5. You ____ here before, ____ you?
A. never are, are
B. never came, do
C. have never been, have
D. were never, were
( ) 6. The doctor ____ to Beijing twice.
A. has gone
B. has been
C. went
D. goes
( ) 7. My mother has ___ made a big mooncake
herself.
A. already
B. yet
C. just
D. always
( ) 8. -Mr Green is no longer working here. He
____ here for a month.
A.has gone
B. has left
C. has been away from
D. left
19、Fill in the blanks with the Present Perfect Tense:
1.I __________ in Shenzhen for about 15 years.
(live)
2. He ____________ here since 1998. (work)
3. Bob isn’t in. He_________ to the cinema. (go)
4. I _________ to Australia three times. (be)
5. She ___________ English for about five years.
(study)
6. She ___________ English since 1999. (teach)
20、have gone to去了某地，不在这里
have been to 曾经去过某地,已回来
have been in呆在某地（多长时间）
She isn’t here. She has gone to the reading-
room.
She has been to Shanghai twice/once/before.
She has been in Beijing for two years
?21、have (has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。
?----Where is Tom?汤姆在哪里？
?----He has gone to the bookshop.
?他到书店去了。
?Father has gone to Hong Kong. He’ll be back in a week.
?爸爸到香港去了, 一星期后回来
?22、II. have (has) been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可以与just, ever, never等连用。
?I have just been to the post office.
?我刚才去邮局了。
?Tim has never been to the Great Wall.
?玛丽从未去过长城。
?Have you ever been to Hangzhou?
?你曾经去过杭州吗？
?23、have (has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。
?I have been to Beijing three times.
?我去过北京三次。
?They have been to that HappyValleys several times.
?他们去过欢乐谷好几次了
24、. We ____________ each other for about 5 years.
(know)
2. _______ you ever _____ to Australia? (be)
No. I ______ never ______ there. But I _____
______ to Canada once.
25、have (has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.
布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。
They have been in Canada for five years.
他们到加拿大有五年了
We have been in ShenzhenMiddle School Junior
Campus for over two months.
我们在深中初中部两个多月了.
26、
1、现在完成时的定义： 现在完成时通常是指过去某一动作对现在的影响或过去某一动作持续到现在（可能要继续下去） 2、现在完成时的构成： 现在完成时是由“助动词have/has+过去分词”构成的 3、现在完成时的用法： (1) 表示从过去到现在曾经经历过或做过的事情 (2) 表示过去发生的动作对现在所产生的影响 (3) 表示从过去某时开始的动作，状态一直持续到现在 一般过去时也译为单纯过去时。 例A：He worked very hard last year. （去年他很用功。） 例B：Mr. Smith bought a new car yesterday. （史密斯先生昨天买了一辆新车。） 例C：They were here only a few minutes ago. （几分钟前他们还在这里。） 一、一般过去时的用法： 解说：一般过去时最明显的现象就是常由表达过去之时间的副词或副词短语来修饰它（如各例句的斜体字部分）。这些常用于修饰一般过去时的副词有：yesterday, yesterday morning （afternoon, evening ）, just now （刚才）, before （以前） , then （at that time ）（当时） , last +时间（如 last week, month, year, Monday, … January, … spring, …, etc. ）, that +时间（如 that day, afternoon, summer, …, etc. ）, 时间 + ago （如a few minutes ago, two weeks ago , years ago, … etc.） 二、一般过去时的主要语法功能： 1. 表示过去发生的动作或情况, e.g. He returned home very late last night. 他昨晚很晚回家。 He turned off TV at midnight. 他午夜才关了电视。 他常常在午夜后才关电视。He often turns off TV after midnight. 2. 表示过去反复发生的或习惯性的动作，常和never, often, usually等状语连用。 e.g. She often swam/ went swimming last summer. 去年夏天她经常去游泳。 In the past few years, Mary seldom called her grandfather. 过去几年中，玛丽很少给她爷爷打电话。 3. 可用在said, reported等后面的间接引语中，代替一般现在时。 e.g. She said, "I'm tired of his long speech."----She said that she was tired of his long speech. 她说她烦透了他的长篇大论。 The doctor reported, "The patient is very well."----The doctor reported that the patient was very well. 医生说患者情况良好。
一般过去时与现在完成时区别专题 一、前言： 初一下学期同学们学习了一般过去时态的相关知识，即将到来的初二上学期英语学习中，现在完成时是重要的学习内容。本文通过对比一般过去时和现在完成时，对现在完成时进行初步讲解，希望使同学们读新学期的学习有所准备。 二、现在完成时 1. 现在完成时的构成 现在完成时是由助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。 2. 现在完成时的用法 现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。 We are good friends.(现在的情况） I knew him in 1997.（过去的动作） We have known each other since 1997. （现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在） （1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如： -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes, I have. I've just had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了） （2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。 如：He has taught here since 1981 他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教） I haven't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。 （3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice,ever, never,three times等时间状语。 如：I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。 3.现在完成时的时间状语 （1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。 a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。 b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗？ -I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。 例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。
现在完成时的用法和过去式的主要区别： 1. 概念上的区别： —般过去时：表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对现在”产生的影响。 现在完成时，①表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果； ②过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。 He ViSited Guilin in 1998.他1998年参观过桂林。（只是简单表明在过去某个时间［in 1998］去过 桂林这一事实，除此以外别无其他） Jill has bought a new COmPUter.吉尔买了一台新电脑。（造成的结果是，JiIl现在有了一台新电脑）The pla ne has already arrived 飞机已经抵达了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿。） The Pla ne arrived a quarter of an hour ago. 飞机是一刻钟以前抵达的。（强调动作发生的时间 在过去。） 第一种：对目前造成的影响；过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果； HaVe you Seen the film? （A） Did you See the film? （B） ［说明］你看过这部电影吗？ （A）句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解； （B）句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。 第二种：过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。 He has lived in Beiji ng for 8 years. （A） He lived in Beiji ng for 8 years. （B） ［说明］他在北京住了8年。 （A）句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。
现在完成时和过去时的区别及练习 一、现在完成时的用法。 1.现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响 I have lost my wallet now. I can’t find it now. 我的钱包掉了，我现在找不到。 2.现在完成时强调过去动作一直持续到现在。 I have had this book for a year. 我拥有这本书1年了。 3.现在完成时表示动作尚未完成。 I have lived here for 5 years. 我在这里住了5年（现在也还在这里住） 4.现在完成时可以与不确切的过去时间连用。 She has entered speaking competition before. 她曾经参加过演讲比赛。 5.现在完成时可以用来描述活着的人的经历。 He has been to America four times. 他去过美国4次。（他现在还活着） 6.现在完成时可以与未完成的时间状语连用。 She has finished her homework today. 今天他已经完成了家庭作业。（today, this week, this year 是未完成的时间状语） 二、过去时的用法 1.
1.表示过去完成的动作，现在已不是这样。 —What do you think of her? 你认为她怎样？ —She was cute. 她曾经很可爱（表示她现在已不可爱了。） 2.与过去某一具体的时间状语连用，表示过去完成的动作。 She lost her wallet yesterday. (她昨天弄丢了她的钱包。) 3.表示去世的人过去的经历。 He went to America four times.一生中, 他去过美国4次（表示他已去世）练习 1.Ronaldo ______________( win) 29 major trophies in his career. 2.I ____________(have)him for three months and I really feel healthy. 3.She_______________(be) ill for three days. 4.They ________________ (not do) much exercise since they got their computer. 5.Kobe Byrant _______________(win) five championships with The Los Angeles Lakers. 6.Fans___________________(buy)about 200 million copies of Tintin’s stories in more than 50 languages. 7.When I was young, I ___________(not like) green vegetables. 8.After he graduated from university, he _________(work) in a big company.
一般完成时和现在完成 时 Company number：【0089WT-8898YT-W8CCB-BUUT-202108】
T h e P a s t T e n s e a n d t h e P r e s e n t T e n s e 一般过去时与现在完成时 一般过去时需要用动词的过去式表示。现在完成时要用have(has)+动 词的过去分词表示。 Task 1 Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences. 1.Danny_______ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. A.works B. is working C. has worked D. worked 2.This is the first time I ______this country.
A.visit B. have visit C. visiting D. was visiting 3.If he weather had been better ,we could have a picnic. But it_ _____all day. A.rained B. rains C. has rained D. is raining 4.So far this year we _________a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10percent. A.saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen 5.It’s high time we _________measures to solve this problem. A.will take B. have taken C. take D. took 6.This is the best film I________. A.will see B. saw C. have seen D. am seeing 7.--Did you go to the show last night --Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area _______invited. A. were B. will be C. is D. was 8.I feel as if my head __________on fire. A.were B. will be C. is D. has been 9.Mr. Smith ________for the years. A.died B. has died C. has been dead D. is dying 10.How long __________you _________this car A.did, have B. did, buy C. have, bought D. have, had Task 2 Fill in each of the following blanks with the proper form of the word given in brackets.
一般过去时与现在完成时的区别（1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 （2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。 现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。 共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。 （3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等。例如： I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了） Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了） Who hasn't handed in his paper? （强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争） He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续） He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续） 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。 （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 一、现在完成时的意义（用法） 1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。（瞬间动词适用于这种情况） 2.表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用。（延续性动词适用于这种情况）我们可以简记为： （1）“过去对现在”（瞬间动词） （2）“过去到现在”（延续性动词） 二、现在完成时的构成（结构） 现在完成时由“助动词have(has) + 过去分词”构成。 我们可以简记为： ① have(has)在前面， ②过去分词在后边， ③以前(before) 从来不(never) 出现， ④最近(recently) 曾经(ever) 一(once) 两遍(twice)， ⑤自从(since) 刚刚(just) for一段，今天(today) 已经(already/yet) 很明显。 注：1. ①②是指该时态的构成。③④⑤是时态的标志。 2. since +（1）（过去的）月份/年份 since +（2）一段时间+ago
一般过去时和现在完成时用法区别（详细点） 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语：every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. 不受时间限制的 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 客观存在 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.. 3) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性、特征。 I don't want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. ※4)由连词if unless before as soon as when once however 等引起的时间(条件、让步)状语从句,需要用一般现在时,表示将来时. 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。 现在完成时用法解析 1.构成 现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。 2.用法 （1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如： -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. I've just had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了） （2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表
现在完成时与一般过去时专项练习 每日一句 God helps those who help themselves. Review 单项选择题 1.Mother _____ me a new coat yesterday. I _______ it on. It fits me well. A. had made…have tried B. made…have tried C. has made…tried D. made…tried 2 “He ____to draw horses already”. “When ______ he ?” “ Last year “ A. learned...has B. learned (i) C. has learned...has D. has learned (i) 3.Tom _____up into the tree. Look, he ____ high up there ! A. has got…is B. has climbed…was C. got …was D. climbed…is 4.____ you _____ the text yet ? Yes, we ____ it two hours ago. A. Did…copy…did B. Have…copied…have C. Have…copied…did D. Did …copy…had 5. “Why ______ she _______ angry ?” “Because he _____ at her just now .” A. did…get…shouted B. has…got…shouted C. di d…get…has shouted D. has…got…has shouted 6. ______you __________ the film before ? Where _____ you ____ it ? A. Have …seen…did…see B. Did …see…did…watch C. Have…seen…have…seen D. Did …see…have…seen 7.You ____ me waiting for two hours. I ____ for you since five. A. kept…waited B. have kept…waited C. kept…have waited D. have kept…have waited 8.Where ______ John _______ ? To the library. He _________ there for an hour. A.has…been…has gone B. has…gone…has been C. did…go…went D. did…be…went 9.______ the baby still _____ ? No, it _______ crying. A. Has…cried…has stopped B. Is…crying…stopped C. Did …cry…stopped D. Is…crying…has stopped 10. I _______ the way. I ________ here for quite many years. A. knew...have lived B. kne w (iv) C. know...have lived D. know (iv) Summary 现在完成时与一般过去时的比较 （一）一般过去时态和现在完成时态的概念 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作常与yesterday, yesterday afternoon, last year, in 1965, a moment ago等表示过去的时间状语连用, 例如： He came here yesterday. 现在完成时表示过去的动作（或状态）对现在产生的_________, 例如： He has broken his bottle.
英语语法学习：一般过去时与现在完成时的 比较 ：一般过去时与现在完成时之间又些什么是需要我们注意的点呢？我们应该怎么区分好它们之间的关系呢？下面我们一起看看这篇《一般过去时与现在完成时的比较》。 1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作; 现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 *一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday,last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。 *现在完成时的时间状语：for,since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years,always等，皆不确定的时间状语。 共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, thisApril, now, already, recently, lately 等。 3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach,learn, work, study, know.。 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如： I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了) I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响，电影的
一般过去时和现在完成时用法区别 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。 时间状语：every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. 不受时间限制的Shanghai lies in the east of China. 客观存在 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.. 3) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性、特征。 I don't want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. ※4)由连词if unless before as soon as when once however 等引起的时间(条件、让步)状语从句,需要用一般现在时,表示将来时. 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。 现在完成时用法解析 1.构成 现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。 2.用法 （1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如： -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. I've just had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）
一般过去时和现在完成时练习题 1. A. 用already或yet 1) Have they taken down the old pictures ___ ___? No, they haven’t____ ___. 2) Most of us have finished our compositions _____ . 3) He said he hadn’t visited the exhibition _____ ___. B.用since或for 1) We have learned five lessons __ __ _ the beginning of this term. 2) Mrs Liao has been in hospital __ _ ___last week. 3) I have stayed at my aunt’s ___ __two weeks. C. 用have gone或have been 2) Is your father in? No, he ___ _ to Shenzhen. _______he ever ______ there before ? Yes, he ___ there several times 3) He asked me if I___ __ to Hangzhou before. I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I __ __ never _ ___ to that city before. 2. 选择填空 1.Mother __ __me a new coat yesterday. I _______ it on. It fits me well. A. had made…have tried B. made…have tried C. has made…tried D. made…tried 2 “He ____to draw horses already”. “When ______ he ?” “ Last year “ A. learned...has B. learned (i) C. has learned...has D. has learned (i)
(1) 现在完成时 a.概念: 事情发生在过去,并一直持续到现在,且过去发生的动作对现在有一定影响. b.句式结构: 主语+ have/has+过去分词 c.常与现在完成时连用的时间状语: already, yet, never, ever, so far, up till now, recently, in the past/last… years等连用. 如: I have just finished my homework. 我已经完成了我的作业. Mary has been ill for three days. 玛丽已经病了三天. So far, she hasn’t enjoyed the summer vacation. 到目前为止,他并不享受她的暑假. d.现在完成时态可用在下列结构中： I t is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如： It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。 (2) 一般过去时 a. 概念:过去某一时刻或某段时间内发生的动作或状态 b. 与现在完成时区别:虽然动作都是发生在过去,但现在完成时强调的是动作持续到了现在,并对现在造成了影响,而一般过去时与现在没有任何关系,只是表达一个过去的动作,不涉及现在的情况.如: I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影(对现在的影响是我了解这部电影的内容) I saw the film last week. 我上星期看了这部电影.(只说明上星期看电影的动作,不涉及现在的情况) He has lived here since 1999. 自1999年以来,他一直住在这里.(对现在的影响是他现在还住在这里) He lived here in 1999. 1999年,他住在这里.(只能说明他99年住在这儿,不涉及现在,现在不一定住在这里)
现在完成时 现在完成时：表示过去发生的动作或状态一直持续到现在，或过去发生的动作跟现在有关系。 现在完成时的句子结构：主语（人，物）+ have / has + 动词过去分词 例如：I have seen the film.我已经看过这部电影了。 He has done his homework. 他已经做了作业。 They have drunk the milk. 他们已经喝了那些牛奶了。 一般疑问句：Have you seen the film? Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. Has she gone home ? Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t. 注意：1.现在完成时不能出现过去的具体时间。（因为出现过去的时间就是过去式） 如yesterday, last week, 3 days ago等， 例如不能说I have ridden horses last year. 应该说I rode horses last year.或者I have ridden horses. 2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用 如already已经（肯定句中），yet还，已经（否定，疑问，句末），just刚刚, before之前, recently最近, still仍然, lately近来, ever曾经 He has already finished his homework. 他已经完成作业了。 Have you ever swum in the sea? 你曾经在大海里游过泳吗？ They haven’t found their child yet.他们还没找到他们的孩子。 Have you read the book before?你有看过这本书吗？
1、一般过去时 与 现在完成时 的区别 2、一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作； ?现在完成时强调过去的事情对现在的影响或结果。 3、 ?例如：We are good friends(现在情况) ?我们是好朋友。 ?I got to know him in 2005. (过去的动作) ?我在2005年认识（结识）他 ?We have known each other since 2005. (现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在) ?自从2005年来我们就相互认识 ?4、Linda has a big house. (现在情况) ?She bought the house ten years ago. (过去的动作) ?She has owned the house for ten years. ?She has lived in the house for ten years. (现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在) ?5、2. 一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 ?一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday， last week，…ago， in1980， in October，just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。 ?6、现在完成时的时间状语：for， since， so far， ever， never， just， yet，till/until， up to now， in past years， always等，皆不确定或模糊的时间状语。 ?共同的时间状语：this morning， tonight， this November， now， already，recently， lately 等。 ?7、3. 现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live，teach， learn， work， study， know.。 ?一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come， go， leave， start， die， finish，become， get married等。 8、 ?I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了） ?I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了） ?I got up five hours ago. ?I have been up for five hours. (强调结果） ?Why did you get up so early（强调起床的动作已发生过了） ?9、Who hasn‘t handed in his paper ?(强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争) ?He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续） ?He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续） ?10、Who hasn‘t handed in his paper ?(强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争)
现在完成时态与过去时态的区别 现在完成时态与过去时态的区别 1. 意义上的区别 一般过去时态只是单纯地表示过去某一时间发生过的动作或者存在的状态, 和现在没有任何联系, 只着眼于过去. 现在完成时态重点强调与现在的联系, 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果, 属于现在时的范畴. 试比较下列例句: I have washed my shoes . 我刷过鞋了. 强调的是过去的某一时间发生的动作"洗" 对现在产生的影响是" 鞋是干净的" . I washed my shoes yesterday . 我昨天刷了鞋. 强调昨天做过"洗" 这个动作, 与现在鞋是否干净没有关系. My father has bought a new car . 我爸爸买了一辆新车. 强调在过去的某一时间发生的动作"买" , 对现在造成的结果是" 他有了一辆新车". My father bought a new car last Sunday . 我爸爸上个周日买了一辆新车. 强调上个周日"买" 这个动作发生过, 与爸爸现在是否有车无关. 也许这辆车是给别人的. 2. 时间状语的区别 一般过去时态只能与表示过去的时间状语连用, 如 yesterday, last week, three years ago, in 1990 , just now 等. 现在完成时态中的时间状语表达的时间是到现在为止. 如: just 刚刚, before 以前, "since / ever since +过去时间 " 自从...... 开始, ever 曾经, never 从未, 未曾, "already" 已经 , " for+ 时间段"已有多长时间了. in the last/ past ten years 在过去的十年里, so far 到目前为止. up to now 直到现在, this week 这个星期等等. 二者的根本区别在于过去时强调事实，常有具体的时间状语标志，如，yesterday/5.oclock/this morning,just now,ago etc---, examples: 1.I met her a week ago. 2.We have a English class this morning. 而完成时有两种用法或意义
一般过去时和现在完成时的区别 ( 1 )、一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“助动词 have/ has + 过去分词”。 （2）、一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如： yesterday, last week , two years ago ,just now ,in 2002 等;而现在完成时则常与just ,already ,ever ,never 等副词和 these days ,this week ,since ......, for ...... 等表示一段时间的状语连用。 试比较以下几组句子，有什么区别： ① A:Have you seen the film ? B:Did you see the film ? 分析：你看过这部电影吗？（ A ）句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；（ B ）句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。 ② A:How has he done it ? B:How did he do it ? 分析：他是怎么做的这件事？（ A ）句强调的是他做着件事的方式对现在产生了某种影响；（ B ）句单纯的询问做这件事的方式。 ③ A:He has lived in Beijing for 8 years . B:He lived in Beijing for 8 years . 分析：他在北京住了 8 年。（ A ）句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了 8 年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。（ B ）句讲的是他在北京住过 8 年，现在已经不在北京了。 （2）现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果，而一般过去时与现在没有联系，只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去。 比：I have washed the car. 我洗过了车。（看上去很漂亮） I washed the car a moment ago. 我刚才洗过车了。