Contents
摘要 (i)
Abstract ......................................................................................................................... i i The translation and research of basketball terms .. (2)
Chapter 1 Introduction (2)
Chapter 2 the characteristics of basketball terms (3)
2.1 the the characteristics of language (3)
2.1.1 the immediacy, opposability in language style (3)
2.1.2 lots of idioms in basketball terms (3)
Chapter 3 the translation of basketball terms (5)
Chapter 4 the announcements of basketball terms translation (20)
Chapter 5 conclusion (21)
Bibliography (22)
Acknowledgements (24)
The translation and research of basketball terms
Chapter 1 Introduction
English as a communicate tool in international sports exchange, it have been used in sports field. With the development of basketball sport and the improvement of athletics level, the internal athletes can’t satisfy the requirements of high level game. Lots of international basketball players and coaches come to China, so have a good communication has become a hard problem. Because different languages between local players and foreign player, the translator take a important role in communication, the quality of translation decided foreign players could execute tactics rightly or not directly, and there is a big shortage of basketball translators. Most translators don’t knows basketball well, if the translators can’t tell the basic intention of local coach to foreign players correctly , it will make influence to the results of games, it’s significant to a basketball translator to knows the basketball terms detailedly. So this article based on the characteristics of basketball English, through translate basketball terms details, explains the announcements of translate basketball English, aim to help basketball translator to be more profession and push our countrie’s basketball to a higher level.
Chapter 2 the characteristics of basketball terms
In a report of basketball games, the language have the immediacy, opposability, shortly and with idioms oftenly.
2.1 the the characteristics of language
The basketball term should show the fierce and antagonism to create a feel like you are watching the game in the court. So it have the immediacy, opposability in language style.
2.1.1 the immediacy, opposability in language style
The conditions in the basketball court is illusive, so it ask the commentators could describe the conditions immediately and correctly, so the basketball terms should have immedicy, the terms always shortly and could make the audiences understand easily.
The competition rules of basketball cause there are stormy body touch, also in basketball terms oftenly come up some vocabulary like “Derby game”or “Enemy ”and orther unfriendly words.
2.1.2 lots of idioms in basketball terms
In basketball terms, there are lots of idioms, because the culture differences, many idioms couldn’t understand easily, like “nip-and-tuck ”mean two teams in a
same level and any of them couldn’t win the game easily.
Chapter 3 the translation of basketball terms
Air ball: a kind of offensive condition.a miss shot in basketball that fails to touch the rim and the backboard.
Alley oop: a skill of offense. A player pass the air around the basket and another teammate take the ball to the basket by shotting or dunking in the air.
Assist: an appellation of offense condintion. When your teammate caught your pass and made a goal it means you made an assist.
Assistant coach: the member who help the coach to train players. There are defense assistant coach, offense assistant coach, the fitness assistant coach and so on.
Away game: a name of game modus. It means your team should move to another city for the match. In many researches, the probability of winning in away game is lower than home. Except the fans and court elements, fatigue by a long journey also is an important effection.
Attempts: the times of shoot.
Baby hook: a skill of offense. Use the wrist and the finger dial the ball to the basket softly. The action is keep the ball on one hand, put the hand up frome your chest untill your head, nearly the highest point dial the ball with your wrist and finger to the basket.
Back cut: a skill of no-ball running. It always unsing by the shooting guard or the small forward. One of the two player should walk to the paint, suddenly run back to the 3 point line ready to catch passing ball to attack the hook.
Back spin: a ball running sate. It means when a player pass or shot,rotate the ball by purpose to keep the orbit straight to the aims.
Balance the floor: one of the basketball concept. It means keep the strong side(one side with ball) and the weak side(one side without ball) balance, aviod five players standing one side and make the space congestion.
Ball line: a concept of defense. It means the triangle position relationship of ball
man and yourself. A right position in defense is very impotant, the wrong defense position make harm to defense.
Ball reversal: a offense stratrgy. It means if your team can’t make a chance to goal by three or four deliveries, transfer the ball to another side to attack the basket.
Ball side: the name of basketball court. Make a virtual line between two baskets, separate the court to two, the side with the ball in offense round, calls ball side. The strong sid e could make a goal chance, so it would accumulate nany defender, that’s why we call ball saide as strong side.
Bank shot: a skill of shot. Through the ball to the backboard, make the ball bounce to the basket by touching the backboard.
Basket: bne of the basic equipments. It also called ring, hoop, rim. It is the equipment to determine one team score or not. The inside diameter of the basket should be 45cm, the basket should be metal material, the minimum diameter is 1.7cm, the maximum is 2.0cm.
Bench player: a name of player. Not the start five player, the alternative lpayer.
Bench depth: The level of bench palyers, usually, if one team have several high level alternative players, it’s means the team have a deep bench depth.
Between the legs dribble: a skill of dribble, using the strenth of wrist and finger, make the ball to another side under your legs.
Blackborad strategies: A tool of exlaining tactics. The coach explain offenseive and defensive tactics.
Block shot: to stop the movement of an opponent, o r stop an opponent’s pass or shot.
Blocking foul: the defender through pull or push and other movements to stop the ofeender, it violate the rules, the defender would get a foul.
Body low: apractical skill. Whenever you in offense position or you are defending your opponent, kepp low your body is favor on moving qiuckly.
Body protects that ball: a skill to the ball hander. When your carring the ball, your defender will deg, dial to froce you lose your ball. Then you can use your shoulders, hips and other positions to protect the ball reasonably.
Bounce pass: the skill of passing ball. Pass the ball to your teammate by bounce the floor, if your opponent’s body center if gtavity is high, you can use this way to prevent ball being steal.
Box and one: a defensive tactic. One of five plyers takes men to men defend strategy, the others take zone defense. One man take close-marking defense others take a rectangle or a diamond position. If your opponent have a super scorer, you can take this defend strategy. One man try to deny that super scorer, do not let him to get the ball, once the super scorer get the ball, one of the other four player can help to stop him in everywhere.
Box out: a skill of getting rebound. You should try to take the position between your opponent and the rim when someone make a shoot, you should keep your arm or body get stuck your opponent prevent him blunting rebound.
Bonus: the game condition, it means if one team have made four fouls in a single quarter, the next more fouls should let offensive player take two free throws as punishment.
Buzzer beater: a game condition. Buzzer is a tool to remind plyers and referees the time is up. It means when the time nearly gone, one player shot or make a lay up, the ball fall in the basket, meanwhile the time is gone, the buzzer ring, the player calls the buzzer beater.
Captain: a member of a team. A man have a higher power, according to the rule, the captain is the only one who have right to discuss rules and with referees, captain also is a leader and manager on the court.
Catch and screen: an offensive tactic. One of “passing game tactics”. It means one player dribbling at 3-point line, another teammate do a no-ball running, the man with the ball could deny the chaser with his body to create a chance to score for the no-ball man. This strategy often begin aroud the 3-point line, it also called outside screen.
Catch and shoot: one of offensive skills. After no-ball running, catch the ball, make a shoot immediately. It often happens in tansition offense, on player run to 3-point line catch the ball and shoot.
Center: the name of team role. Most centers are the talles and strongest in the team, he plays the most significant role in offense and defense. His duty is protecting the hoop, rebounding, even he should do some low post attack, transfer the ball in high post.
Charging foul: one defination of rules, it means when an offensive player dribble to forward, happens an illegal physical contact, the offensive player invased his opponent illegally or putposely, that is a foul.
Clear-path foul: one defination of rules, when a team have made a fast break, you can’t make foul to him intentionally or unintentionally to stop the man attack the hoop. If you do, your opponent will get two free-throw and continue to offense as a punishment.
Chest pass: a skill of passing ball, you can use single hand or double hands to push the ball to your teammate by the strenth of forearms at the hight of your chest.
Clean down: relaxion ativities. It means, after one game or a training, players should do some stretching movements for relieving muscle excessive strain. According to reserches, having a 30 minutes slow running as the clean down, is better than rest immidiately.
Close out: move to your opponent and make pressure to the ball, a defensive skill. It is when you face a carring bal player, you should move on to stick him and try to steal the ball or deny him to shot.
Close the door; a kind of zone defense strategies. It means your teammate help you to form a zone defense, like close a door movement. The essential is retreating your inside foot as a arc, making slide, cut your opponent’s moving route.
Coach: the name of team role. The main person in charge, like head coach, assitant coach. He is the man who decide the offensive and defensive tactics, the physical excersise and manage the team.
Coast to coast pass: making a large district tansfer, devovling the ball from one side to another side. Because the strong side would have many defender, tansfer the ball to the weak side quickly could make a good chance to scroe. But the passing route is long, the ball could be steal easily.
Coast to coast: one player dribble the ball make a lay up from back court to front court, the name of game status. It is very common in a game. If a man have good dribble skill, when he get a rebound or make a steal, he will do a coast to coast, the defenders always be taken by surprise.
Combo guard: the role name of player. One player can organize offense like a point guard and also can make scores like a shooting guard. It’s an indispensable role in modern basketball idea.
Conmmunucation: one of the basketball concepts. It means in defense or offense, conmunicate with your teammates in detail, tell him the position he should go or make a help-defense.
Cones: an offensive tactic. Two teammates make a pick for one player, hope he can attack the hoop. Most cones are basic on shallow cut.
Contact: a defensive skill. Use your body legally to deny your opponent. This skill have two keys. The frist is timing, and the second is route. If your opponent move to someplace, the slow deny make a physical contact is a block foul. If the timing right, you can’t take the advantage position, your opponent will catch the ball and score easily. So, once you take the right position in right timing, stop your opponent offensive route, if happen contact, it’s must be charging foul.
Continuity offense: sustained offense, one of the basketball concepts. It means a serious tactics from fast break plat to set play.
Continuity: one of the basketball concepts, in the whole offensive round, the chance to score gone too soon, if you have a chance to start a fast break, but you didn’t pass the ball immediately, your team should get ready to a set play. Continuity is means many tactics connect in different conditions.
Consistency: one of the basketball concepts, it means one same tactics could be carry out in the left or the right court.
Court vision: one of the basketball concepts, like a perfect point guard have an exchange vision of everybody on the court. When he dribble, not only he can see other four teammates’ position but also can judge five opponents moving route, that’s a excellent court vision.
Court: the gaming field. From the concepts of inventing basketball, basketball belongs to indoor sports, especially, you need run, jump, suddenly stop and pivot, the court better built in wooden floor.
Cut: the general term of no-ball running cut. The cut contains flash cut ,back door cut, back cut, U shape cut, L shape cut and so on.
Cutting and passing: an offensive skill, it is when you have not chance to break to the post, pass the ball to your teammate and cut to the post at the frist time to create a chance to score.
Dead ball: the name of game condition. When the referee blows whistle, every player should not offense and defense until next round.
Defense: a general designation to deny your opponent to score, pass ball, move forward and so on.
Defensive mind: a defensive concept. Except defender ;s physical fitness or skills, seeking the probable defensive strategy or crack your opponent offensive tactics, these also called defensive mind.
Dig: a skill of defense. It means when you in defensive position, try to steal or allocate the ball.
Double dribble: the name of violating rules. Under the rule, if your put the ball away when you are dribbling, you can’t dribble once again, or you dribble in two hands, this condition called double dribble.
Double team: a defensive technique. Two player stand around the man who carring the ball , and wave hands to interfere and make pressure to the ball force the offensive player 5seconds violation or pass the ball nervously.
Double double: the name of gaming data. One player’s defensive and offensive data, like point s, assistants, rebounds, blocks, steals, if any two add up to 10, it’s called double double.
Dribble out the time: a offensive strategy. When the time nearly goes up , the leading team will carry out a negative offensive strategy, keep dribbling until the game finish.
Drop step: an offensive technique. Dribbling pivot or pivot straightly at the low post to attack the hoop.
Dunk: a scoring method. Thumping the ball to the hoop from up to down.
Early offense: one of the offensive tactics. It means run offensive tactics before your opponent get ready to defense by getting defense rebound or making a steal.
Ejection: a serious foul in basketball rules. One player made a unsportsman like foul or a flagrant foul. It will caused the player hurt. The punishment is two free-throw by the one who got fouled, and the offensive team still have the ball. The player who has been ejected can’t jion the game until the end of the game.
Elbowing: a name of foul. It refers to a player wave his elbow hurts his opponent, whether is he willfully or not, he will be got a technical foul.
Fade away shot: an offensive skill, also called fade away jumper , it refers to a player use the strenth of legs, jump away to his defender for creating a shoot space tof score.
Feed the post: pass the ball to the post, an offensive concept. Because center is the tallerst and strongest player of the team, pass the ball to him is easy to get point s.
Feeder: the passer on the court, usually, a feeder could understand the situation and make a right choice to pass the ball.
Field goal: the general designation of getting score by shooting , it contains 2 points and 3 points.
Field foal percentage: shots hit rate, the proporion of get point s. It means the result of field goals devide attempts, the higher the better.
First half: a form of game. Many unprofessional games devide a game to two parts calls first and last half, each half is 20 minutes.
Flagrant foul: a basketball rule, the unnecessary, unreasonable foul or harmful foul collectively known as flagrant foul.
Flagrant: the referees, the man can judging the game under the rule, there are two or three flagrants in a game, the flagrants guarantee the balance of a game.
Follow through: a shooting movement name. It means keep the hand type after makeep a shoot.
Force to the outside: a defensive strategy. It means force the player who carrying the ball move to the baseline or sideline then your teammate could come up and make
a help-defense.
Foul: a violation resulting from illegal contact with an opposing player.
Foul out: one of the behaviors of player. Every player could make 4 fouls, if someone made the fifth foul, he should be substituted by another player whose fouls below five.
Four-point play: making a 3 points field goal and get 1 point by free through. According to the rule, the shooter made a 3-point shot at the same time his opponent foul to him , if the ball in, he got 3 poins and he should make a free throw as bonus.
Free throw: a free shot taken from the free throw line as the result of a foul.
Full court: the entire court.
Full-court press: a defensive strategy, it refers to the defensive team take a one on one defense from the front court to back court strategy, make pressure to the man who carrying the ball force him lose ball.
Game clock: a scoreboard clock that shows the time remaining in each period of a game.
Game that’s game: game over. It means the regular game time is over.
Give and go: a kind of basic tactics. One offensive player pass to another teammate, then move to the post, the teammate pass the ball back, catch the ball, lay up or slam to score, also called pass and go.
GM(general manager): the team’s manager, the manager between team and leader. In professional league, the GM play an important role in trading and signing.
Goaltending: the basic basketball rule. After a player shot, when the ball go to the rim in air, a defender slap or tail the ball in hands caused the ball’s route changed, it’s not allowed in the rules. The judgement is the offensive team score whatever the player made a field goal or not.
G ust team: the name of team. It means one team attending game in opponent’s venu, the team called gust team.
Hacking: the name of rule. When one offensive player shotting, the defender hitting shooter’s hand, the judgement is the shooter make.
Half time: the rest time between two half courts, generally the time should be 15
minutes.
Hand checking: the illegal action of hands, it’s a violate action. It means tracking your opponent’s position by touching him in hands, also called hand-check, the defender stop offenders by hands.
Held ball paly: an offensive skill, after jump ball, take an tactic immediately.
High low: an offensive tactics. It means in offensive round, set two players in high and low post.
Hoding: a kind of defensive foul. Mostly, it means when offensive team read to lay up or move to forward, the defender pulled his arm in purpose for stopping offensive palyer.
Home court advantage: the local team have advantages in many ways like fans, the familiarity to the elements.
Home jersey: according to the rule, in order to recognize two teams, the home team should wear white clothes or light color clothes.
Illegal screen: a kind of offensive violation, the movement of breaking the rule. The offender take an illegal screen to deny the defender, like moving screen.
In the paint: in the three seconds area. The name of the trapezoidal zone.
Inside foot: when a player stands on the court, the foot nearby the basket called inside foot.
Inside play: a basic tactic. It refers to single attack in the post.
Isolation: an offensive tactic. It means put four players in one side, and the fifth player play an one-on-one hit in another side.
Jump ball: the way to decide which team could have the first attack. At the beginning of a basketball game, each team should let one player jump ball in the central circle, two jumpers should dial the ball before the ball falls into the floor, and they could touch two times at most.
Jump inside to help: when the ball transferedto the post, defender moving to the post to help your teammate.
Jump shot: a shot taken while a player is jumping through the air, also called jumper, it’s a basic skill, but it require the player have good strength.
Line : the area to free throw, also called free throw line.
Lay up: a shot taken close to the basket that is usually banked off the backboard and into the basket.
L cut: a no-ball running technique, that’s a 90°cross like the letter of L.
Leadership: it means one player have a good ability to lead the whole teamed, he could lead and guide other player to finish jobs.
Ligament: the body tissue of contacting bones, like cruciate ligament located in knees, it is injured easily.
Logical line: a reasonable route of offense, an offensive concept. It means take a reasonable route in offensive round, like once there a teammate ask the ball in the post, you shouldn’t cut in this way.
Loose ball foul: foul in no-ball condition, a kind of violation, it’s usually happens in battling for catching rebound, or a no-ball running, it is appropriate for offenders and defenders.
Losing streak: fail to win the game continuously.
Lottery: the process to decide the order of picking. It’s decided by tossing a coin in beforetime, so it called lottery.
Miss match: the wrong defense match, usually in defensive round, most team should set the similar figure or height to defend, but as switching or transition defense, a tall man has to defend a short man or a short player defend a tall player, so calls this miss match. Because there are different advantages both in tall and short man, so, make a miss match situation purposely is a offensive strategy.
Motion defense: the moving defense, it means keep moving to make rotation defense to set a double-team defense.
Move as the ball: a defensive skill. When the ball transfering, defenders should better move to a correct position in order to help defense or get rebounds.
MVP: Most Valuable Player, an award to player, the most outstanding player in one game.
Nature: it means one player have some talents in basketball.
NBA: National Basketball Association, American professional basketball league,
the most high level league in the world.
NCAA: national collegiate athletic association, the basketball league of universities in America.
No predetermined movement: in a motion offense, there have no fixed route to cut in or cut out.
No look pass: pass the ball directly to one teammate by not looking him.
Off ball screen: an offensive tactic, two no-ball players screen for each other to find a chance to caused the ball finish score, it’s the most basic skill in screen.
Off season: the name of game time, in off season there’s no game or trainning.
Off the bench: the name of players, not the starter players.
Offensive rebound: get rebound in offensive round, because get offensive rebound can get a more chance to organize offense, it’s an important part of the game.
Offensive run: game condition, it means one team make continuous score, depressed opponents’ morale.
On fire: have a good feeling in game, it is meaning one player have good condition in some game, could score in every shot.
One-on-one defense: man to man defense, a defensive strategy, in mostly game, full court one-on-one defense and half court one-on-one defense is a common strategy.
Open post: clear the post, an offensive tactic, it means if opposite side take an one-on-one defense, other four offenders move away from post, let one player make an isolation attack.
Opponent: team designation, the team which matching with your team.
Overtime: game condition, also calls extra time, as the name implies, two teams make a tie in regular time, so they must take a 5 minutes extra game.
Palming: a dribble violation movement, also calls carring the ball. In dribblling, for passing your opponent away, turn over the ball beyond the legal range.
Penetrate zone: offensive tactic, a way to break zone defense. Because there are many different kinds of zone defense, there are also many way to break zone defense.
Perimeter players: the designation of offensive roles, contains two guards and a
small forward.
Perimeter defense: defensive concept, it means the defensive conditions outside the three points line. Mostly, there are good perimeter players who have excellent shoot ability, so defenders should make close defense.
Phony tough guy: fake tough guy, it refers to looks fierce and tough, in fact the man feel fear in touching, not a really tough player.
Physical game: it means playoff game. Commonly in NBA, the playoff games contact with taking the title, the physical contacting is frequently.
Physical condition: the general name of bounce, speed, agility and some nature talents.
Pick: a cover skill, offensive player seeking a chance to attack the rim, making a barrier in teammate’s body, the skill to stop the defender hard to follow the offender.
Pick and roll: an offensive tactic, one of the on ball screen tactics, the main technique is pick and roll, pick and split. The player who set a screen should run to the post immediately, catch the ball to make a lay up or slam.
Pick and split: an offensive tactic, one of the on ball screen tactics, after set a screen, the player should run to the outside, catch the ball to shoot.
Princeton offense: a name of offensive tactic system, it is invented by Pete Carril, the basketball coach of Princeton. It contains many little tactics like outside screen, hawk offense, on ball screen tactic and so on.
Quadruple double: the name of gaming data. One player’s defensive and offensive data, like point s, assistants, rebounds, blocks, steals, if any four datas come up to ten, it calls quadruple double.
Quarter: the progress of game, there are four quarters in a professional game, each quarter have 10 or 12 minutes.
Quick hitter: the name of player who have a quick speed to shot.
Read the defense: a basketball concept, it refers to understand the defense on the court, the offensive players should analyze the position and the purpose of defenders.
Regular season: the season of game, in NBA there are regular season and play off season, the regular season decided the rank and the opposite team in the play off
season.
Reign man: if a player have good techniques than others, his ability could make effects to the game.
Road jersey: the non-local team weared in the game, for distinguishing two teams, road team shoul wear the dark color clothes.
Rookie of the year: an award in NBA, for encouraging the young player, select one most outstanding player among all the first-year players.
Rookie: attend the game for the first year.
Run and gun: an offensive strategy, push or dribble to the front court quickly, also pass the ball quickly to seek a chance to score, in the whole progress the team should keep running and moving.
Run: make scores continuously, game condition, like 12-0 run in last 4 inutes means in 4 inutes the offensive team scoreed 12 points.
Safety: the roles on the court, in a game, a team should let one or two players battle for getting rebounds, and other players should run to back court when your team finished once attack in order to stop opposite team make fast break.
Schedule: the game journey, the detail informations of game, includes the date, time, place and opposite team informations.
Score: game records, the way to judge win or lose in basketball game.
Second chance points: one condition in game, the offensive team missed the shot but they catched the offensive rebound so they have the second chance to score.
Set play: the name of offensive tactic, it means make an organized, a systematic offensive strategies.
Shot clock violation: basketball rule, it means can’t finish once attack in 24 seconds. For avoid the offensive team delaying time, the rule stipulate the offensive team must finish once attack or make the ball touch the rim in 24 seconds.
Sixth man: the role of players, except the five starters, the best player in bench. NBA have an special award for the sixth man.
Swing man: a kind of player, it refers to could play as a shooting guard and small forward, like the pointer of clock swings between two roles.
Team capacity: the ability of the whole team, in basketball game, there are five players, they should make cooperation with each other.
Technical foul: basketball rule, it means fouled without body touching or a behavior disobey the sports spirit, argue with refrees and despise refrees.
Think before your move: a kind of basketball concepts, in motion offense, you should think where you go and what you should do before you make a no-ball running.
Three point play: been fouled after you made a two point shot, you can get a extra free throw, if you made the free throw, you got three point in this round.
Three second violation: a basketball rule, every player of offenders couldn’t stay in the post over 3seconds whatever you are carrying the ball not.
Tie: two teams have the same score at the end of the game, so it will have a 5minutes extra game called overtime.
Timeout: pause time in a game, in basketball game, as kinds of factors, like feeling tired, opposite team scores straightly, this team should call a timeout to have a test or adjust the strategy. The count of timeout is been limited strictly.
Turnover: a game data record, in offensive round, dribble the ball out of sideline, steal by opponent or the ball been stolen in passing way, calls turnover.
Unanswered Pts: scoring without defense, mostly it means making a goal in fast break and there is no defenders.
Uniform: the cloth to tell the differences between two teams, the refrees and the audiences could recognize players easily.
Up tempo: a strategy of offense, finish once attack as soon as possible, it’s the feature of the team which emphasis on transition game.
Versatility: player’s ability, it’s a praise to the player, it means one player not only can make scores but also can defense an transfer the ball.
Veteran: a name of old players or have played many years in the league, oftenly a veteran have more experiences than elder athletes, every team think a veteran as wealth.
Violations: making movements break the rules, like traveling, double dribble, out
of sideline, 3 seconds and so on.
Walking: also calls traveling, it means after establishing fulcrum foot you can’t move it at willly. You can raise the fulcrum foot when you want to pass or shot but before the foot landing, the ball must leave away from your hands.
Wide open: a condition that the defensive team for help post defense caused there is a no one defense zone, the offensive player could shot the ball leisurely.
Win or go home: it’s the result of game, means in playoffs, the win team could fight in next games, the lose team is been weed out, have to go home to rest.
X factor: the unknown elements in a game, or the unexpected player to opposite team, if someone have good condition suddenly, so he becoming the key element to the game/
Zone defense: a defensive tactic, five defenders in charge for one little zone, the common zone defense contains 2-3，3-2，1-3-1 and other forms.
Chapter 4 the announcements of basketball terms translation
To be a professional basketball translator should not only have ability in English but also should know sports, concern and love basketball. As a translator of basketball could combine sports knowledges and basketball knowledges. Not only should have strong foundation of Chinese and English, a high level of writing and speaking skills, but also should be familiar with regular of basketball and tactical terms and other sports knowledges, only keep studing English, get profound knowledges and higher literacy to make a good job in basketball terms translation.
PCB 专业术语中英文翻译 很多PCB 的书上使用的是英文，但是大多数的人又看不懂英文， 这时候怎么办呢，我们需要翻译，但是如果每看到一个不会的词 儿就去翻译，那么就太耗费时间了，所以我们捷多邦总结了一些 常用的专业术语的中英文对照，希望能对大家有用。 1.印制电路：printed circuit 2.印制线路：printed wiring 3.印制板：printed board 4.印制板电路：printed circuit board (pcb) 5.印制线路板：printed wiring board(pwb) 6.印制元件：printed component 7.印制接点：printed contact 8.印制板装配：printed board assembly 9.板：board 1 10.表面层合电路板：surface laminar circuit (slc) 11.埋入凸块连印制板：b2it printed board 12.多层膜基板：multi-layered film substrate(mfs) 13.层间全内导通多层印制板：alivh multilayer printed board 14.载芯片板：chip on board (cob) 15.埋电阻板：buried resistance board 16.母板：mother board 17.单面印制板：single-sided printed board(ssb) 、管路敷设技术通过管线不仅可以解决吊顶层配置不规范高中资料试卷问题，而且可保障各类管路习题到位。在管路敷设过程中，要加强看护关于管路高中资料试卷连接管口处理高中资料试卷弯扁度固定盒位置保护层防腐跨接地线弯曲半径标等，要求技术交底。管线敷设技术中包含线槽、管架等多项方式，为解决高中语文电气课件中管壁薄、接口不严等问题，合理利用管线敷设技术。线缆敷设原则：在分线盒处，当不同电压回路交叉时，应采用金属隔板进行隔开处理；同一线槽内强电回路须同时切断习题电源，线缆敷设完毕，要进行检查和检测处理。、电气课件中调试对全部高中资料试卷电气设备，在安装过程中以及安装结束后进行 高中资料试卷调整试验；通电检查所有设备高中资料试卷相互作用与相互关系，根据生产工艺高中资料试卷要求，对电气设备进行空载与带负荷下高中资料试卷调控试验；对设备进行调整使其在正常工况下与过度工作下都可以正常工作；对于继电保护进行整核对定值，审核与校对图纸，编写复杂设备与装置高中资料试卷调试方案，编写重要设备高中资料试卷试验方案以及系统启动方案；对整套启动过程中高中资料试卷电气设备进行调试工作并且进行过关运行高中资料试卷技术指导。对于调试过程中高中资料试卷技术问题，作为调试人员，需要在事前掌握图纸资料、设备制造厂家出具高中资料试卷试验报告与相关技术资料，并且了解现场设备高中资料试卷布置情况与有关高中资料试卷电气系统接线等情况 ，然后根据规范与规程规定，制定设备调试高中资料试、电气设备调试高中资料试卷技术电力保护装置调试技术，电力保护高中资料试卷配置技术是指机组在进行继电保护高中资料试卷总体配置时，需要在最大限度内来确保机组高中资料试卷安全，并且尽可能地缩小故障高中资料试卷破坏范围，或者对某些异常高中资料试卷工况进行自动处理，尤其要避免错误高中资料试卷保护装置动作，并且拒绝动作，来避免不必要高中资料试卷突然停机。因此，电力高中资料试卷保护装置调试技术，要求电力保护装置做到准确灵活。对于差动保护装置高中资料试卷调试技术是指发电机一变压器组在发生内部故障时，需要进行外部电源高中资料试卷切除从而采用高中资料试卷主要保护装置。
Counter bored hole 沉孔 Chamfer 倒斜角 Fillet 倒圆角 padding block垫块 stepping bar垫条 upper die base上模座 lower die base下模座 upper supporting blank上承板 upper padding plate blank上垫板 spare dies模具备品 spring 弹簧 bolt螺栓 document folder活页夹 file folder资料夹 to put file in order整理资料 spare tools location手工备品仓 first count初盘人 first check初盘复棹人 second count 复盘人 second check复盘复核人 equipment设备 waste materials废料 work in progress product在制品 casing = containerization装箱 quantity of physical inventory second count 复盘点数量 Quantity of customs count 会计师盘,点数量 the first page第一联 filed by accounting department for reference会计部存查 end-user/using unit(department)使用单位 Summary of year-end physical inventory bills 年终盘点截止单据汇总表 bill name单据名称 This sheet and physical inventory list will be sent to accounting department together (Those of NHK will be sent to financial department) 本表请与盘点清册一起送会计部－(NHK厂区送财会部) Application status records of year-end physical inventory List and physical inventory card 年终盘点卡与清册使用－状况明细表 blank and waste sheet NO. 空白与作废单号
模具英语专业术语 模具述语 一、入水：gate 进入位： gate location 水口形式：gate type 大水口：edge gate 细水口： pin-point gate 水口大小：gate size 转水口： switching runner/gate 唧嘴口径： sprue diameter 二、流道: runner 热流道： hot runner,hot manifold 热嘴冷流道: hot sprue/cold runner 唧嘴直流: direct sprue gate 圆形流道：round(full/half runner 流道电脑分析：mold flow analysis 流道平衡:runner balance 热嘴： hot sprue 热流道板：hot manifold 发热管：cartridge heater 探针: thermocouples 插头： connector plug 插座： connector socket 密封/封料： seal 三、运水：water line 喉塞：line lpug 喉管：tube 塑胶管：plastic tube 快速接头：jiffy quick connector plug/socker 四、模具零件： mold components 三板模：3-plate mold 二板模：2-plate mold 边钉/导边：leader pin/guide pin 边司/导套：bushing/guide bushing 中托司：shoulder guide bushing 中托边L：guide pin 顶针板：ejector retainner plate 托板： support plate 螺丝： screw 管钉：dowel pin 开模槽：ply bar scot 内模管位：core/cavity inter-lock 顶针： ejector pin 司筒：ejector sleeve 司筒针：ejector pin 推板：stripper plate 缩呵：movable core,return core core puller 扣机（尼龙拉勾）：nylon latch lock 斜顶：lifter 模胚（架）： mold base 上内模：cavity insert 下内模：core insert 行位（滑块）： slide 镶件：insert 压座/斜鸡：wedge 耐磨板/油板：wedge wear plate 压条：plate 撑头: support pillar 唧嘴： sprue bushing 挡板：stop plate 定位圈：locating ring 锁扣：latch 扣鸡：parting lock set 推杆：push bar 栓打螺丝：S.H.S.B 顶板：eracuretun 活动臂：lever arm 分流锥：spure sperader 水口司:bush 垃圾钉：stop pin 隔片：buffle 弹弓柱：spring rod 弹弓:die spring 中托司：ejector guide bush 中托边：ejector guide pin 镶针：pin 销子：dowel pin 波子弹弓：ball catch 喉塞: pipe plug
陶瓷 ceramics 合成纤维 synthetic fibre 电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion 车架 automotive chassis 悬架 suspension 转向器 redirector 变速器 speed changer 板料冲压 sheet metal parts 孔加工 spot facing machining 车间 workshop 工程技术人员 engineer 气动夹紧 pneuma lock 数学模型 mathematical model 画法几何 descriptive geometry 机械制图 Mechanical drawing 投影 projection 视图 view 剖视图 profile chart 标准件 standard component 零件图 part drawing 装配图 assembly drawing 尺寸标注 size marking
技术要求 technical requirements 刚度 rigidity 内力 internal force 位移 displacement 截面 section 疲劳极限 fatigue limit 断裂 fracture 塑性变形 plastic distortion 脆性材料 brittleness material 刚度准则 rigidity criterion 垫圈 washer 垫片 spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical-spur gear 直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear 运动简图 kinematic sketch 齿轮齿条 pinion and rack 蜗杆蜗轮 worm and worm gear 虚约束 passive constraint 曲柄 crank 摇杆 racker 凸轮 cams
汉英新闻翻译策略 美国新闻学者约斯特认为: “新闻是已经发生或正在发生的事实的报道。”从中可以看出新闻的根本特点：新闻是对信息的报道, 新闻的时效性很强, 客观性是新闻的灵魂。 新闻一般包括标题、导语和正文三个部分。标题高度概况了整条新闻的主要内容, 被喻为“新闻的眼睛”, 是信息量最集中、最丰富的地方。新闻标题的功能包括五个方面: 把最精彩的内容揭示给读者, 用最短的文字阐明内容主旨, 以特殊方式表达报纸的倾向性, 凭借特殊强势吸引读者, 选择让人震撼的语句激励读者。导语简要交代整条新闻的人物、时间、地点、事件、原因等要素, 通常称为5W, 这些有时甚至用一句话表达。正文则体现前重后轻的做法, 先提供重要的信息, 再补充必要的背景报道, 所谓“倒金字塔”结构。 纽马克认为,采取何种翻译方法取决于三个因素：文本类型(type of text) 、读者身份(nature of thereadership) 和翻译目的(purpose of the translation) 。具体而言,译者可以打破新闻原文的形式上的束缚,在标题、词汇和句法结构上进行改写(rewriting) 。在出发语和目的语之间发生矛盾时,要优先考虑目的语的表达习惯。“好的翻译听起来不像是翻译”(奈达) ,而像译者用目的语写作的产物。交际翻译法的实质是意译、归化、适度再创造。 1．标题改写 新闻标题的功能是提炼内容、美化版面和吸引读者(郜书锴,2002) 。好的新闻标题常常具有简约、醒目、概括、风趣的特点(刘宓庆,1998 :82) 。标题翻译的好坏,直接影响着整篇新闻翻译的交际效果和读者的兴趣。纽马克认为:“Normally, as a translator, you are entitled to …change? the title of your text . ”(2001 : 156) 因此,除了极少数采用语义翻译外,译者都在标题翻译上下了很大功夫用交际翻译法处理。 标题翻译应积极地揭示新闻内容, 兼顾中英文标题的差异性和考虑读者的接受能力, 可采用以下三种策略: 其一, 如果标题含义明白、直接而且信息功能强烈, 译成目标语后读者不至于产生理解上的困难, 则可直译或基本直译, 例如: “Looking Back to Look Ahead——回首往昔展望未来”; “Olymp ics Begin in Style; Swimmer Takes 1st Gold——奥运会隆重开幕泳将夺首枚金牌”, 但中英文采用通栏标题或对仗式标题, 不完全一致。其二, 标题译成目标语能保留原文的重要信息和审美价值, 又不至于使读者产生理解上的困难。例如: “A V ow to Zip his Lips (夸张) ——誓要守口如瓶”; “So lar System Search from Space (头韵) ——从太空对太阳系进行探索”。“Zip”和“守口如瓶”并不对应, 但译文和原文对接受者的作用和接受者
市场营销专业术语中英文对照标准翻译 本文为市场营销中经常用到的一些中文与英文互译的标准用语，希望对市场营销从业人员有所帮助。 《财富》杂志Fortune 案头调研Desk Research 奥美公司Ogilvy & Mather 白色商品White Goods 百乐门Parliament 百威啤酒Budweiser 包裹销售法Banded Pack 宝洁公司Procter & Gamble 宝丽来Polaroid 宝马BMW 边际成本Marginal Cost 边际收益Marginal Benefit 标准差，均差Standard Deviation 别克Buick 波立兹调查公司Alfred Politz Research, Inc 波旁王朝Ancient Age Bourbon 波特福洛分析Portefolio Analysis 产品差异Product Differentiation 产品生命周期Product Life Cycle 产品系列Product Line 产品组合Product Mix 阐述Presentation 超级市场Supermarket 成对比较法Paired Comparisons 成功的理想主义者Successful Idealist 承诺型消费者Committed Buyer 程度测试Tachistoscope 橙色商品Orange Goods 冲动购买Impulse Buying 重叠率Duplication 抽样Sampling 传销Pyramid Selling 传阅发行量Pass-on Circulation 词语联想法Word Associaton 刺激营销Incentive Marketing 促销Promotion 达彼思广告公司Ted Bates & Copany 大卫·奥格威David Ogilvy 戴比尔斯De Beers
外文翻译 英文原文 Belt Conveying Systems Development of driving system Among the methods of material conveying employed，belt conveyors play a very important part in the reliable carrying of material over long distances at competitive cost．Conveyor systems have become larger and more complex and drive systems have also been going through a process of evolution and will continue to do so．Nowadays，bigger belts require more power and have brought the need for larger individual drives as well as multiple drives such as 3 drives of 750 kW for one belt(this is the case for the conveyor drives in Chengzhuang Mine)．The ability to control drive acceleration torque is critical to belt conveyors’ performance．An efficient drive system should be able to provide smooth，soft starts while maintaining belt tensions within the specified safe limits．For load sharing on multiple drives．torque and speed control are also important consideratio ns in the drive system’s design. Due to the advances in conveyor drive control technology，at present many more reliable．Cost-effective and performance-driven conveyor drive systems cov ering a wide range of power are available for customers’ choices[1]. 1 Analysis on conveyor drive technologies 1．1 Direct drives Full-voltage starters．With a full-voltage starter design，the conveyor head shaft is direct-coupled to the motor through the gear drive．Direct full-voltage starters are adequate for relatively low-power, simple-profile conveyors．With direct fu11-voltage starters．no control is provided for various conveyor loads and．depending on the ratio between fu11- and no-1oad power requirements，empty starting times can be three or four times faster than full load．The maintenance-free starting system is simple，low-cost and very reliable．However, they cannot control starting torque and maximum stall torque；therefore．they are
模具术语英文翻译
模具术语英文翻译 根据国家标准，以下为部分塑料模具成形术语的标准翻译。 动模 Movable Mould Moving Half 定模座板 Fixed Clamp Plate Top Clamping Plate Top Plate 动模座板 Moving Clamp Plate Bottom Clamping Plate Bottom Plate 上模座板 Upper Clamping Plate 下模座板 Lower Clamping Plate 凹模固定板 Cavity-retainer Plate 型芯固定板 Mould Core-retainer Plate 凸模固定板 Punch-retainer Plate 模套 Die Body Die Sleeve Die Blank 支承板 Backing Plate Support Plate 垫块 Spacer Parallel 支架 Ejector Housing Mould Base Leg 模头 Die Head 根据国家标准，以下为部分压铸模具术语的标准翻译。 压力铸造模具 Die-Casting Die 压铸模零部件 定模 Fixed Die Cover Die 定模座板 Fixed Clamping Plate 定模套板 Bolster Fixed Die 动模 Moving Die Ejector Die 动模座板 Moving Clamping Plate 直流道 Sprue 横流道 Runner 内浇口 Gate 模具分类 Injection Mold 注塑模 Plastic Rubber Mould 塑胶模 Rubber Molding 橡胶成形 Hot Chamber Die Casting 热室压铸 Sand Mold Casting 砂模铸造 Extrusion Mold 挤出模 Multi-Cavity Mold 多模穴模具 Stack Mold, Stack Injection Mould 叠层模
机械专业相关词汇中英文翻译大全 单价unit price 工日合计Man-day total/work-day total 人工费cost of labor 材料费materials expenses 机械的mechanical 检查接线connection test 发电机generator 调相机phase regulator 周波cycle 减负荷装置 load-shedding equipment 断路器柜circuit breaker cabinet 单母线single busbar 互感器transformer 每相电流Current by Phase 封闭式插接close type socket joint 发电机控制面板generator control panel 分级卸载sorted unloading 同步控制synchronization control 调速器 speed governor 信号屏signal screen 继电器relay 高压柜high pressure cabinet 油浸电力变压器oil-immersed power transformer 空气断路器air circuit breaker 控制屏control panel 直流馈电屏direct current feed control panel 电容器electric condenser 计量盘metering panel 成套配电箱whole set of distribution box 落地式floor model 控制开关Control switches 铜芯电力电缆Copper core power cable 控制电缆actuating cable 热缩式电力电缆终端头pyrocondensation power cable terminal 钢结构支架配管steel structure bracket tubing 万用槽钢versatile U-steel 电缆托架 cable bracket 钢制托盘式桥架steel Tray-type cable support system waterproof socket 防水插座 防爆插座Explosion-proof socket 接地绞线earthing twisted pair 接地母线 earthing bus
最新时政新闻（两会）英汉词汇翻译 1.新思想 new thought 2.新常态 new normal 3.新增长目标 new growth target 4.新反腐模式 New anti-corruption model 5.民生 people's livelihood 6.扶贫 poverty alleviation 7.国防 national defense 8.改革开放40周年 40 years of reform and opening up 9.中国梦 the Chinese Dream 10.人类命运共同体 a community with shared future for humanity 11.五位一体economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress 12.四个全面 the four-pronged comprehensive strategy 13.一带一路 the Belt and Road Initiative 14.文化自信 cultural confidence 15.获得感 sense of benefit 16.成就感 sense of achievement 17.城市群 city cluster 18.低碳城市 low-carbon cities 19.智能制造 intelligent manufacturing 20.中国制造2025 Made in China 2025 21.工匠精神 craftsmanship spirit 22.中国天眼：500米口 径球面射电望远镜 （FAST） China's Eye of Heaven: The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) 23.国产航母 domestically built aircraft carrier 24.国产客机 homemade passenger jet 25.数字家庭 digital homes 26.数字经济 digital economy 27.人工智能 artificial intelligence 28.第五代移动通信 5G mobile communications 29.自媒体 We-Media 30.自贸试验区 pilot free trade zones 31.医疗改革 medical reform 32.国内生产总值 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 33.居民消费价格 Consumer Price Index (CPI) 34.税收减免 tax reduction and exemption 35.去产能 reducing excess capacity
常用模具零件中英文对照表 2005-12-19 14:51:17???中国注塑网 入水：gate 进入位：gate location 水口形式：gate type 大水口：edge gate 细水口： pin-point gate 水口大小：gate size 转水口：switching runner/gate 唧嘴口径：sprue diameter 二、流道: runner 热流道：hot runner,hot manifold 热嘴冷流道: hot sprue/cold runner 唧嘴直流: direct sprue gate 圆形流道：round(full/half runner 流道电脑分析：mold flow analysis :?[??n?l?s?s] 流道平衡:runner balance 热嘴：hot sprue 热流道板：hot manifold 发热管：cartridge heater 探针: thermocouples 插头：connector plug 插座： connector socket 密封/封料： seal 三、运水：water line 喉塞：line lpug 喉管：tube 塑胶管：plastic tube 快速接头：jiffy quick connector plug/socker 四、模具零件：mold components 三板模：3-plate mold 二板模：2-plate mold 边钉/导边：leader pin/guide pin 边司/导套：bushing/guide bushing 中托司：shoulder guide bushing 中托边：guide pin 顶针板：ejector retainer plate 托板：support plate
预约券reservation ticket 下午茶high tea 微博Microblog/ Tweets 裸婚naked wedding 亚健康sub-health 平角裤boxers 愤青young cynic 灵魂伴侣soul mate 小白脸toy boy 精神出轨soul infidelity 人肉搜索flesh search 剩女3S lady（single，seventies,stuck）/left girls 山寨copycat 异地恋long-distance relationship 性感妈妈yummy mummy 钻石王老五diamond bachelor 时尚达人fashion icon 上相的,上镜头的photogenic 学术界academic circle 哈证族certificate maniac 偶像派idol type 住房公积金housing funds 熟女cougar（源自电影Cougar Club） 挑食者picky-eater 伪球迷fake fans 紧身服straitjacket 团购group buying 奉子成婚shotgun marriage 婚前性行为premarital sex 炫富flaunt wealth 决堤breaching of the dike 上市list share 赌球soccer gambling 桑拿天sauna weather 自杀Dutch act 假发票fake invoice 金砖四国BRIC countries 笑料laughing stock 泰国香米Thai fragrant rice 学历造假fabricate academic credentials 泄洪release flood waters 狂热的gaga eg: I was gaga over his deep blue eyes when I first set eyes on him 防暑降温补贴high temperature subsidy 暗淡前景bleak prospects
机械专业英语词汇 陶瓷ceramics 合成纤维synthetic fibre 电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion 车架automotive chassis 悬架suspension 转向器redirector 变速器speed changer 板料冲压sheet metal parts 孔加工spot facing machining 车间workshop 工程技术人员engineer 气动夹紧pneuma lock 数学模型mathematical model 画法几何descriptive geometry 机械制图Mechanical drawing 投影projection 视图view 剖视图profile chart 标准件standard component 零件图part drawing 装配图assembly drawing 尺寸标注size marking 技术要求technical requirements 刚度rigidity 内力internal force 位移displacement 截面section 疲劳极限fatigue limit 断裂fracture 塑性变形plastic distortion 脆性材料brittleness material 刚度准则rigidity criterion 垫圈washer 垫片spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮helical-spur gear 直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear 运动简图kinematic sketch 齿轮齿条pinion and rack 蜗杆蜗轮worm and worm gear 虚约束passive constraint 曲柄crank 摇杆racker
英语新闻系列讲座词汇特色(1) 现代社会发展迅猛，其结果之一便是新词语不断涌现。新中国成立以来，尤其是改革开放以来，现代汉语中出现了大量的新词汇，包括旧词新义、流行语、外来新词语等；甚至不少己湮没多年的旧词语也频频亮相，给人们，尤其是年轻一代，以耳目一新之感。在改革开放的今天，由于词典等工具书的编纂周期难以赶上现实生活中新词语的产生速度，广大英语学习者面临的一大难题就是，如何把这些新词语译成地道的英语。而英语报刊正好起到了为一般双语词典“拾遗补缺”的作用，如“双休日”、“拳头产品”、“人才流动”、“外向型经济”、“三资企业”、“扫黄运动”、“不正之风”、“小康水平”、“退居二线”、“有偿新闻”，“与国际接轨”等词语的英译，首先都是见诸英语报端的。现列举几则摘自英语报刊含有这类新词语英语表达的实例，以资佐证： 1）Taking advantage of the two-day dayoffs，he basked in the spring sunshine with his family. （他和家人一起沐浴在春天的阳光之下，享受双休日所带来的乐趣。） 2）The central government called on every region to develop its own export-oriented hit products according to its local advantages and characteristic. （中央政府号召各地利用本地优势和特点开发当地的出口型拳头产品。） 3）In order to fully tap the human resources，the rational flow of trained personnel should not only be allowed but also be encouraged． （为了充分发掘人才潜力，不仅应该允许人才合理流动，而且还要鼓励人才流动。） 4）To further develop the export一oriented economy，Shanghai is to make a number of preferential policies soon to encourage business people both at home and abroad to set up more enterprises in the the three forms of ventures，i．e. enterprises for Sino-foreign joint venture，for Sino-foreign co-production and enterprises with sole foreign capital. （为了进一步发展外向型经济，上海最近将出台一系列优惠政策，以鼓励国内外经营者创建更多的三资企业，即中外合资企业、中外合作企业和外商独资企业。） 5）The disappearance of such materials as pornographic（色情画，色性描写）and obscene（淫秽的）books，periodicals and tapes is proof that China''s campaign against porns is making progress. （黄色书刊及音响制品现己难觅踪迹，这证明了中国的扫黄运动正在取得进展。） 6）Some austere measures should be taken to check the unhealthy tendencies which，according to the press exposures ，were rampant in some localities. （从新闻媒介所暴露的情况来看，不正之风在一些地区已非常严重，必须采取严格措施刹住这股歪风。） 7）The next ojective for the Chinese people to strive for is to reach the well-to-do level．（中国人民的下一个奋斗目标是在本世纪末达到小康水平。） 8）He works enthusiastically as ever even though he has retired from the leading post． （尽管己退居二线，他的工作热情丝毫不减。） 9）Journalists should firmly object to the payoffs-aimed journalism which deviates from press ethics. （新闻记者应坚决反对有偿新闻，因为它违背了新闻记者的职业道德。） 10）Many large companies in Shanghai have geared（使齿轮连接，使适应）themselves to the international conventions and set up aftersales services accepting repairs and
机械设计专业术语的英语翻译 阿基米德蜗杆 Archimedes worm 安全系数 safety factor; factor of safety 安全载荷 safe load 凹面、凹度 concavity 扳手 wrench 板簧 flat leaf spring 半圆键 woodruff key 变形 deformation 摆杆 oscillating bar 摆动从动件 oscillating follower 摆动从动件凸轮机构 cam with oscillating follower 摆动导杆机构 oscillating guide-bar mechanism 摆线齿轮 cycloidal gear 摆线齿形 cycloidal tooth profile 摆线运动规律 cycloidal motion 摆线针轮 cycloidal-pin wheel 包角 angle of contact 保持架 cage 背对背安装 back-to-back arrangement 背锥 back cone ； normal cone 背锥角 back angle 背锥距 back cone distance 比例尺 scale 比热容 specific heat capacity 闭式链 closed kinematic chain 闭链机构 closed chain mechanism 臂部 arm 变频器 frequency converters 变频调速 frequency control of motor speed 变速 speed change 变速齿轮 change gear ; change wheel 变位齿轮 modified gear 变位系数 modification coefficient 标准齿轮 standard gear 标准直齿轮 standard spur gear 表面质量系数 superficial mass factor 表面传热系数 surface coefficient of heat transfer 表面粗糙度 surface roughness 并联式组合 combination in parallel 并联机构 parallel mechanism 并联组合机构 parallel combined mechanism 并行工程 concurrent engineering 并行设计 concurred design, CD 不平衡相位 phase angle of unbalance 不平衡 imbalance (or unbalance) 不平衡量 amount of unbalance 不完全齿轮机构 intermittent gearing 波发生器 wave generator 波数 number of waves 补偿 compensation 参数化设计 parameterization design, PD 残余应力 residual stress 操纵及控制装置 operation control device 槽轮 Geneva wheel 槽轮机构 Geneva mechanism ； Maltese cross 槽数 Geneva numerate 槽凸轮 groove cam 侧隙 backlash 差动轮系 differential gear train 差动螺旋机构 differential screw mechanism 差速器 differential 常用机构 conventional mechanism; mechanism in common use 车床 lathe 承载量系数 bearing capacity factor 承载能力 bearing capacity 成对安装 paired mounting 尺寸系列 dimension series 齿槽 tooth space 齿槽宽 spacewidth 齿侧间隙 backlash 齿顶高 addendum 齿顶圆 addendum circle 齿根高 dedendum 齿根圆 dedendum circle 齿厚 tooth thickness 齿距 circular pitch 齿宽 face width 齿廓 tooth profile 齿廓曲线 tooth curve 齿轮 gear 齿轮变速箱 speed-changing gear boxes 齿轮齿条机构 pinion and rack 齿轮插刀 pinion cutter; pinion-shaped shaper cutter 齿轮滚刀 hob ,hobbing cutter 齿轮机构 gear 齿轮轮坯 blank 齿轮传动系 pinion unit 齿轮联轴器 gear coupling 齿条传动 rack gear 齿数 tooth number 齿数比 gear ratio