cs中所有的英语及其解释
最近发现包括相当多的CS老手在内的很多CS玩家对部分CS 对讲机内的英语通话内容理解有误鉴于此特撰文供大家参考。其中有些与中文版的汉字译文是不同的。祝大家玩得更精更开心调用对讲机命令按“Z”“X”“C”会看见屏幕左下角出现三组对讲电文分别是
Z系列的【无线电命令】
X系列的【队内无线电命令】和
C系列的【无线电回应/报告】。
按一下“Z”后再按一下数字“1”你就能发出“Cover me【掩护我】”的语音命令。以此类推Z1掩护我。Cover me. Z2你做先锋。You take the point. 先锋就是排在队伍最前面的那个人是随时准备第一个以奉献生命的方式来向排在队伍后面的队友发出敌情警报的人。
Z3坚守这里。Hold this position. 两种情况需要坚守1. 匪们安装了
C4防止警们来给拆掉所以要坚守C4所在地点2. 偷袭之敌的必经之路或者是己方撤退的必经之地因此需要确保这个地点是安全的。Z4向我集合。Regroup team. 队伍被打散了的时候需要重新拧成一股绳形成战斗力利用集中战斗力来突破某个点。
Z5跟我来。Follow me. Z6火力支援Taking fire need assistance 不同于C3既有火力掩护其逃跑或者掩护其冲锋的含义也有要求火力增援的含义。
X1: 冲。Go Go Go X2回撤Team fall back 可能是因为前方有烟雾弹可能是发现前方有狙击手可能是前方有重兵埋伏也可能是因为屁股被包抄了。
X3一起走别散开。Stick together team. 好处在于1. 可以交叉掩护各防一个方向2. 换弹夹的时候有人火力掩护你 3. 火力更强比较安全。4. 敌人潜在的伏兵只要偷袭一次就会暴露其位置。不至于被同一个埋伏点的敌兵逐个逐次地偷袭掉多人。
X4各就各位等待攻击命令。Get in position and wait for my go. X5侦查扫荡打通道路。Storm the front. 1. 炸药包C4落地的话就容易被警集体围守或被警的狙击手盯着。那时再想上去人把包捡回来可就有风险了。所以扛包的匪兵需要队友扫清前方道路上可能存在的伏警便于自己顺利通过。即便遇到重兵埋伏这个扛包的匪兵可以迅速脱离战斗撤退出来而转到另一个埋包地点去安放C4。X6有情况没有Report in team. 这是长官用来了解战场状态的命令。
C1收到。Roger that. C2发现敌人Enemy spotted C3需要增援Need backup. 意思是对方人很多招架不住了。C4周围安全。Sector clear. C5我已经到达指定位置。I’m in position. C6继续报告。Reporting in. C7快跑要炸了Getta out of there It’s gonna blow. C8不。Negtive. C9敌人已经让我给干掉了。
Enemy is down. 机器人的话Lock and load. 【锁定并载入。】意思是正在启动新一局暂时动不了。Lead the way sir. 【头儿咱们往哪儿冲】Lead on sir. 【头儿这局你接着指挥。】I wanna guard the bomb.
【我想看守着这个炸药包。】All right let’s move out. 【好出发。】Ok let’s go. 【准备好了吗出发】意思是说这句话的这个机器人是这局的长官你是一个兵。
Ok sir Let’s go. 【长官我们准备好了出发吧。】意思是这局你是长官。别忘了再听见叫sir就是在叫你。- I’m gonna camp. 【我蹲坑去。】- Sounds like a plan. 【听起来象作战计划。】意思是我觉得行但是不知道长官同意不同意呢。你作为长官这时是应该说话的。你可以按C1说同意C8不同意X1要他们随便冲Z5让大伙跟在你后面走。- I got hear your back. 【我来听你背后的声音。】意思是要跟着去策应说要蹲坑的那人- They got your back. 【他们都在你身后掩护你。】意思是不要误伤自己人也不用担心后面遭偷袭。- Me too. 【我也去。】- I’ll go too. 【我也去。】- Good Idea. 好主意【意思是他也要蹲坑去。】- I’ll come with you. 【我跟你走。】- I’ll come with you sir. 【头儿我跟你走。】Nice shot. 【准】Good one. 【打得准。】Good one sir. 【头儿打得准。】I am dangeous. 【我差点儿就挂了】My eyes 【我的眼睛】意思是被闪光弹白了。Nice【漂亮】Clear 【没人】Here we are clear. 【我们这儿没人敌情。】Nothing here.【这儿什么也没有。】意思是C4和敌人都不在这儿。I’m waiting here. 【我在这儿守一下。】Three to go. 【还剩三个敌人】Three left. I wanna keep an eye on the bomb. 【还剩三个敌人我想呆在这儿看守住炸弹。】Fire in the hole 【走一个】这句话是用来提醒队友隐蔽一下防止丢出的手榴弹弹片误伤自己人。如果是敌人扔来了手榴弹要大家隐蔽的话则
说“Grenade”【手榴弹】。不过在CS里并没有“Grenade”这条对讲命令。这是我在一些美国产的表现美军在二战中的一些战斗场面的电影里学到的。Two to go. 【敌人还剩两个了。】Two enemies left. 【还剩两个敌人。】One guy is left. 【敌人还剩一个了。】There’s one left. 【就剩一个敌人了。】That was the last one. 【刚才那个是最后一个敌人。】- Defusing. 【我来拆C4。】- I’m with you. 【我掩护。】- There’s the bomber. 【我看见扛包的了。】- There’s the bomb 【炸弹在这儿】- Be right there. 【我马上到。】- He/They dropped the bomb.
I wanna watch/guard the bomb. 【他/他们把包仍地上了我想看/守着包。】- Affirmative. 【好的同意/是的】- They picked up the bomb. 【他们把炸弹捡起来了。】- I’m gonna wait here. The bomb is down. 【我守在这儿他们的包在地上。】- Two enemies left. 【还剩两个敌人。】- Affirmative. 【好的知道了。】- Spot the delivery boy. 【我发现扛包的小子了。】- He’s got the package. 【看他扛着包呢。】- He’s got the bomb. 【看他扛着炸弹呢。】- Affirmative. 【是的/知道了】- Roger. 【收到。】不知道是不是有人在电影里看过对讲用语Copy 收到个人认为Copy是警用语Roger是美国海军陆战队的军用语。不过尚待考证。- Roger that. 【我也收到。】- On the way. 【马上就过去。】- Hanging on I’m coming. 【稍等一下我马上过来。】- I’m pinned on. 【我被盯上了。】意思是我走不了了。是对峙而无法摆脱的局面比如被压制在掩体后面只要一露头就立刻就会飞来一串子弹的情况。是请求队友策应的呼叫。- They got me pinned on here. 【他们盯上我了。】
意思大致与上句相同我被敌方火力压制住了请求增援。- Go Go Go 【冲】这是长官用的命令- Roger. 【收到】- Roger that. 【我也收到】- Affirmative.【好的/是】- I’m gonna hanging back.【我断后】- Negative. 【不行/不是/不去/不…】The bomb is on the ground.【他们的炸弹掉地上了。】- You go away 【你走开/你靠边】意思是为你懦弱的无为感到愤怒和耻辱。相当于说你“笨蛋”或者“胆小鬼”也就是瞧不起你的意思。如果你开局后总是一个命令不发而且原地不动过不一会儿就会有个机器人跑你眼前来对你说这话了。- Report in team. 【报告你的情况。】- Engaging enemies. 【遭遇几个敌人正在交火】- Attacking enemies. 【正在攻击敌人】- Where are they 【他们在哪儿】- Anyone see him 【有人看见匪了吗】- There’s nobody home. 【匪家没人。】- Three to go. 【还剩3个敌人】- You gotta wait. 【你应该等一下】意思是你抢了他生意了。- I don’t know where it went. 【它跑哪儿去了】- Hold your fire【别打我】- Outch 【啊】- AhwIt’s me. 【哦是我啊】- Hei【哎哎】- Good job team. 【大家干得很好。】- They never knew what had them. 【他们永远也不会知道他们是怎么玩完的。】- Do not messwithme. 【别逼我】意思是本菜鸟非彼菜鸟拿出真本事的话怕你们吃不消。Bomb has been planted. 【炸弹已安置】Terrorists win. 匪胜。Counter-terrorists win. 警胜。祝大家玩得更精更开心
布什在911事件后的演讲 Good evening. 晚上好， Today, our fellow citizens, our way of life, our very freedom came under attack in a series of deliberate and deadly terrorist acts. The victims were in airplanes or in their offices. Secretaries, business men and women, military and federal workers. Moms and dads. Friends and neighbors. Thousands of lives were suddenly ended by evil, despicable acts of terror. 今天，我们的同胞、我们的生活及我们珍视的自由受到了恐怖主义分子的蓄意攻击。许多被劫持的乘客、正在办公的工作人员都不幸遇难，他们可能是：秘书文员、商人、妇女、军方或联邦政府工作人员、为人父母、你们的亲朋好友或邻居。数千人在恐怖分子的卑劣和罪恶行径下突然间失掉了宝贵的生命。 The pictures of airplanes flying into buildings, fires burning, huge structures collapsing, have filled us with disbelief, terrible sadness and a quiet, unyielding anger. These acts of mass murder were intended to frighten our nation into chaos and retreat. But they have failed. Our country is strong. 面对飞机撞毁、熊熊大火、楼房倒塌等图片，我们无法相信眼前的惨状，感到无比的悲哀和愤怒。恐怖分子的大屠戮的行为旨在将我们的国家引向混乱和倒退。但他们的阴谋不会得逞，我们的国家依然强大。 A great people has been moved to defend a great nation. Terrorist attacks can shake the foundations of our biggest buildings, but they cannot touch the foundation of America. These acts shatter steel, but they cannot dent the steel of American resolve. 伟大的美国人民已被动员起来保卫自己的国家。恐怖主义分子的袭击可以震撼我们的建筑，但他们无法动摇我们牢固的国家基础。这些行径可以粉碎钢铁，但它们无法挫伤美国人民捍卫国家的决心。 America was targeted for attack because we're the brightest beacon for freedom and
《英语国家概况》课程习题集西南科技大学成人、网络教育学院版权所有 习题 【说明】：本课程《英语国家概况》（编号为12010）共有单选题,名词解释题,简答题,填空题2等多种试题类型，其中，本习题集中有[简答题]等试题类型未进入。 一、单选题 1. Celts were different groups of ancient people who came originally from________ A. France B. Denmark C. Ireland D. Germany 2. Who invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC? A. Emperor Claudius B. Julius Caesar C. King Alfred D. King Ethelred 3. Who is the author of Murder in the Cathedral? A. Christopher Marlowe B. T. S. Eliot C. Ben Johnson D. Thomas Becket 4.When Oliver Cromwell died in 1658, and was succeeded by his son, ______, the regime began immediately to collapse. A. Henry B. Hamilton C. Richard D. Charles 5. The 18th century saw selective breeding of cattle, sheep and houses by _________. A. Jethro Tull B. Thomas Coke C. George III D. Robert Bakewell 6. Which of the following is not one of the members of the Lords Temporal? A. all hereditary peers and peeresses of the England, Scotland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom (but not peers of Ireland) B. lire peers created to assist the House in its judicial duties C. senior bishops of the Church of England D. all other life peers 7. Two years after the ending of the Hundred Years’ War with France, England was thrown into another series of civil wars, ________. A. the War of the Celts
英语国家概况名词解释 1、The Constitution:Britain has no written foundations of the British state are laid out in statute law,which are laws passed by Parliament; the common laws, which are laws established through commom practice in courts;and conventions. 2、The house of Common: It’s the real center of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives(Members of Parliament) make and debate policy,These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of the people who vote for them. 3、The electoral campaign:Before a general election,the political parties would start their electoral campaigns in order to make their ideologies and policies known to the campaign involves advertisements in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning,postal deliveries of leaflets and ‘party electoral broadcasts” on the parties also try to attack and critisise the opponents’,these campaigns sometimes can be quite aggressive and critical. 4、Class system in British society:The class system does exist in British of British population would claim themselves to be either of middle-class or working-class,though some people would actually belong to the upper middle-class or lower divisions are not simply economic,they are cultural as of different classes may defferent may differ in the kind of newspaper they read,in the way they speak and in the kind of education they of the distinctive features about the British class system is that aristocratic titles can still be inherited. 5、Relative decline of the UK economy:The UK has experienced an economic decline since this is a relative decline rather than an absolute is wealthier and more productive than it was in 1945,but since other countries developed more rapidly,it has slid from being the second largest economy to being the six. 6、Comprehensive schools:are the most popular secondary schools in Britain schools admit children without reference to their academic abilities and provide a general can study everything from academic subjects like literature to more practical subjects like cooking 7、Grammar school s:it’s a type of secondary schools in schools select children at the age 11,through an examination called “the 11-plus”.Those children with the highest marks go to grammar schools lay emphasis on advanced academic subjects rather than the more general curriculum of the comprehensive schools and expect many of their pupils to go on to universities. 8、Independent schools:are commonly called public schools which are actually private schools that receive their funding through the private sector and tuition rates,with some government schools are not part of national education system,but the quality of instruction and standards are maintained through visits from Her Majesty’s Inspectors of schools are restricted to the students whose parents are comparatively rich. 9、the first English settle in North America:The first English permanent settlement was organized in 1607 by the London Company with a charter from the English colonists settled in Virginia and survived by imposing strict discipline on themselves and by transplanting tobacco into the colony of 1619,the settlers elected their delegates and set up the House of Burgesses,and the same time they bought and enslaved
Abrupt 1.marked by sudden changes in subject and sharp transitions "abrupt prose" 同义词：disconnected 2.exceedingly sudden and unexpected "came to an abrupt stop"; " an abrupt change in the weather" 3.extremely steep "an abrupt canyon" 同义词：precipitous sharp 4.surprisingly and unceremoniously brusque in manner "an abrupt reply Affluent 1.an affluent person; a person who is financially well off "the so-called emerging affluents" 2. a branch that flows into the main stream 同义词：feeder tributary confluent adj. having an abundant supply of money or possessions of value "an affluent banker" 同义词：flush loaded moneyed wealthy attain [ 'tein ] v. 1.to gain with effort 同义词：achieve accomplish reach 2.reach a point in time, or a certain state or level 同义词：reach hit 3.find unexpectedly 同义词：fall upon strike come upon light upon chance upon come across chance on happen upon discover 4.reach a destination, either real or abstract
Vocabulary Worksheet #1-6 Worksheet #1 Ruin: the remain of a building, a city… Debris: the remain of anything broken down or destroyed Litter: objects strewn or scattered about Remind: to cause to remember, to cause to think Dissuade: to deter by advice or persuasion (with object) Hesitate: pause (without object) Terminate: to bring to an end Overflow: to flow or run over Ooze: thicker; to flow, percolate or exude slowly Gush: to flow out or issue suddenly Trickle: to flow or fall by drop Rip: to cut or tear apart Fray: to wear to loose Crease: a ridge or groove produce Expedition: an excursion, journey or voyage made for made specific purpose Trek: to travel or migrate, especially slowly or with difficult Journey: long trip Excursion: short trip Discard: to cast aisle or dispose of, get rid of (sb. or sth.) as not longer useful or desirable (with object) Abandon: cease to support or tack after sb. Stall: stop or cause to stop making progress Pile: a heap of things laid or lying one on top of another Suite: a set of rooms designated for one person or family’s use or for a particular purpose Cluster: a number of things of the same kind, growing or held together Subscribe: to give or pay in fulfillment of such a pledge Worksheet #2 Butler: the chief manservant of a house Housekeeper: employed to manage a household (female) Caretaker: employed to look after a building Undertaker: preparing dead bodies for burial or cremation and making arrangement for funerals Budget: Financial Approve: officially agree to or accept as satisfactory Condone: accept (behavior that is considered morally wrong or offensive) Object: say sth. to express one’s disapproval with sth. Decline: politely refuse (an invitation or offer) Withdraw: remove or take away sth. from a particular place or position Forfeit: lose or be deprived of (property a right or privilege) as a penalty for wrongdoing (with object) Regulate: control (something, especially a business activity) by means of rules and regulations Hack off: annoy or infuriate sb. Chop: cut into piece Extract: remove or take our, especially by effort or force Amputate: cut off (a limb) by surgical operation
1. The civil rights movement It is one of the most important of all social movements in the 1960s in America. Rosa Parks’ spontaneous action in 1955 was believed to the true beginning of the civil rights movement. The black students’ sit-in at a department lunch counter in North Carolina touched off the nationwide civil rights movement. During the first half of the decade, civil rights organizations like the SNCC,CORE,and SCLC struggled for racial intergration by providing leaderships,network and the people. In the latter half of the decade, some black organizations changed their nonviolent tactics, and emphasized on more radical means to end discrimination and raised the self-image of the blacks. The civil rights movement produced such great leaders as Martin Luther King. Jr, and Malcolm X, who inspired a generation of both blacks and whites to devote their lives to fighting for racial equality in th US. 2.A federal system【联邦制】 It is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constiuent parts, with some rights reserved to each. 3.King Arthur It is said that he was the King of England in the 5th century and united the British and drove the Saxons back with his magica sword,Excalibur. His real existence is in doubt. He is the central figure of many legends. 4. The Anglo-Saxons They were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century. They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England. 5. Riverdance[大河舞] It is a very popular form of dancing based on Ireland’s intricate[错综复杂的]folk dances which are rearranged and modernized and adapted onto current stage performance. Dancing is traditionally part of Irish culture. It is usually accompanied by the Irish pipe and fiddle. The music usually sounds fast and furious. Most of the action
题型：选择，判断，名词解释，填空 名词解释重点整理如下： 英国经济的相对衰落：英国已经历了经济的下降，因为1945.But这是一个相对而不 是绝对的下降。英国是富裕和更富有成效的，比它在1945年，但由于其他国家的发展更为迅速，从第二大经济体，第六下滑。 私有化在1908s：英国经济在20世纪70年代经历了一个特别恶劣的时期，高通胀率和英镑贬值，因此，在20世纪80年代，当根据撒切尔夫人的保守党执政时期，一个广泛的方案。进行了私有化。许多国有企业（如钢铁，电信，天然气，航空航天）到了私人公司的私有化是在控制通货膨胀取得了成功，但同时失业率迅速上升。 英国经济的主要部门：主要行业，如农业，渔业和采矿，制造这些初级产品的复杂商品的第二产业;和大专（或服务）的产业，如：英国国家经济可以划分成三个主要领域银行，保险，旅游业和零售业。 综合学校：综合学校是在英国最流行的中学，这些学校承认不参考他们的学术能力的儿童提供普通教育的学生可以学习一切从喜欢文学，喜欢烹饪的实用科目的学科。 文法学校。文法学校在英国中学的类型选择通过一个名为“11 - PULS”考试在11 岁以下的儿童，这些儿童与最高分去文法学校，这些学校打好重点上先进的学科，而不是更普遍的综合学校的课程，并期望他们的学生去上大学。 俗称独立学校：独立学校是公立学校，这实际上是私人学校接收他们通过私营部门和学费率的资金，与一些政府援助的独立学校是不是国民教育体系的一部分，但教学的质量和标准。通过参观女王陛下的学校督察保持这些学校限制学生的父母都比较丰富。公开大学：。开放大学是在英国成立的1960年为人们谁可能不会得到经济和社会原因高等教育机会的它是对所有人开放，并并没有要求在同一个正式的其他大学教育资格大学其次通过电视，广播，通信，视频和Q研究中心的净工作课程，公开大学学业结束。成功的学生将被授予大学学位。 邦联条：独立战争胜利后，美国新的国家是一个虚弱的国民政府组织联合会章程协议下的所谓国会，每个国家都有自己的政府，其自身的规律。和处理其内部事务。国家没有与美国国会和相互合作。大会没有权力强迫任何国家出钱国家的政府和国会不能任何公民征税。因此，文章邦联失败。 一个联邦制度：一个联邦制度是其中的电源之间共享一个中央机关及其组成部分，保留给每个前来的权利，。 美国宪法的制定：联邦章程失败，大会决定举行制宪会议修改联合会章程12States （罗德岛州拒绝参加）的代表聚集在费城在1787and在写一个新的结束。宪法和联 邦制度与一个强大的中央政府。宪法规定，总统选举将被称为，联邦法律将只能由国会众议院众议院和参议院和S最高法院将成立，终于批准了新宪法，大多数市民在 9of 13States是在1787年正式生效。 。执行：行政长官是谁当选一个四年任期的总统根据在1951.The总统通过了一项修 正案，只有两个词可以选出一位总统可以向国会提出立法建议，他可以否决任何法案国会通过。否决权，可以通过在两院三分之二多数票覆盖。总统可以任命联邦法官空缺出现，他是军队的首席指挥官。布什总统在政府运作等广泛当局部门和处理外交关系。 人权：人权法案条例草案，其中在1791年宪法第10修正案，权利的条例草案获得 通过，以保证自由和个人权利，如言论自由，集会权在公共场所自己的武器等的权利。
Instead in place of, or as an alternative to; Smart very clever Carry If you carry something, you take it with you, holding it so that it does not touch the ground Correct if something is correct, it is in accordance with the facts and has no mistakes. Intelligent a person or animal that is intelligent has the ability to think, understand, and learn things quickly and well. Mistake If you make a mistake, you do something which you did not intend to do, or which produces a result that you do not want. Present A present is something that you give to someone, for example at Christmas or when you visit them. Dictionary A dictionary is a book in which the words and phrases of a language are listed alphabetically, together with their meanings or their translations in another language. Expensive if something is expensive, it costs a lot of money. Fresh A fresh thing or amount replaces or is added to a previous thing or amount. Stale, stale food is no longer fresh or good to eat. Sour something that is sour has a sharp, unpleasant taste like the taste of a lemon. Soft something that is soft is pleasant to touch, and not rough or hard. Exam An exam is a formal test that you take to show your knowledge or ability in a particular subject, or to obtain a qualification. Fail if you fail to do something that you were trying to do, you are unable to do it or do not succeed in doing it. Cheer If you are cheered by something, it makes you happier or less worried. Difficult something that is difficult is not easy to do, understand, or deal with.
Unit1 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom 1.The flag of Britain : Union Jack （英国国旗中没有显示出Welsh旗） 2. The basic information of each country: Count ry Capital Area Memo Englan d London 最大 1.最不会把自己的 “英格兰文化区 别于其他文化” 2.一个高度城市化
3.The time joining the British parliament: However, in 1707 by agreement of the English and Scottish parliaments, Scotland joined the Union. 4.Difference between the British Isles ,UK, Great Britain , and England: British Isles: the island of Great Britain the island of Ireland
surrounding isles ●UK=Great Britain + Northern Ireland ●Great Britain =England +Scotland + Wales 5.The four major invasions in the history of Great Britain : At first, England was occupied by Celtic people. Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman Empire. Result: England and Wales became a part of the Roman Empire for nearly 400 years. the Angle-Saxon invaded. Result: The land they lived became" Angle-land", later changed into England, the language they spoken became English. PS：One of the best-known English legends derives from this time. In 5 century AD, King Author(亚瑟王) united the British, and with his magical sword, Excalibur（被称为“王者之剑”的圣剑）,
英语国家概况 名词解释 1. The civil rights movement (1955–1968) refers to the reform movements in the United States aimed at abolishing racial discrimination against African Americans and restoring suffrage in Southern states. 2. A federal system A federal system is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constituent parts with some rights reserved to each. 3. King Arthur It is said that he was the King of England in the 5th century and united the British and drove the Saxons back with his magical sword, Excalibur. His real existence is in doubt. He is the central figure of many legends. 4. The Anglo-Saxons They were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century. They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England. 5. Riverdance Riverdance is a very popular form of dancing based on I reland’s intricate folk dances which are rearranged and modernized and adapted onto current stage performance. Dancing is traditionally part of Irish culture. It is usually accompanied by the Irish pipe and fiddle. The music usually sounds fast and furious. Most of the action is from the waist down, with the arms held rigidly at the sides. 6. The House of Commons The House of Commons is the real centre of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives (Members of Parliament) make and debate policy. These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of people who vote for them. 7. The Commonwealth It is a voluntary association of states which is made up of Britain and mostly of former British colonies. There are 54 members of the Commonwealth including one currently suspended member: many of these are developing countries like India and Cyprus; others are developed nations like Australia, Canada and New Zealand. The Commonwealth was set up as a forum for continued cooperation and as a sort of support network. 8. Maoritanga Maoritanga means ―Maori culture‖. It refers to all the elements of the rich cultural heritage of the indigenous people in New Zealand, including their language, customs and traditions. 9. The “Washminster” form polity The ―Washminster‖form of polity is adopted by the Australian government. It is a mixture of the US Washington system of government and the British Westminster system. This means that the political
概况 “9.11事件”（又称“911”、“美国911事件”等）指的是2001年9月11日恐怖分子劫持的飞机撞击美国纽约世贸中心和华盛顿五角大楼的历史事件。2001年9月11日，四架民航客机在美国的上空飞翔，然而这四架飞机却被劫机犯无声无息地劫持。当美国人刚刚准备开始一天的工作之时，纽约世贸中心，连续发生撞机事件，世贸中心的摩天大楼，轰然倒塌，化为一片废墟，造成了3000多人丧生。 过程 8:45 :波音767-B-223ER在飞离波士顿洛根国际机场不久后就被劫持，撞毁在世贸中心北楼，大楼随后坍塌。机上人员:92，遇难: 92。 9:03:波音B-767-222同样地在飞离波士顿洛根国际机场不久后就被劫持，撞毁在世贸中心南楼，大楼随后坍塌。机上人员:65，遇难: 65。 9:45 :波音757-223飞离杜勒斯国际机场后不久被劫持，随后撞向五角大楼一角。机上人员:64，遇难: 64。 10:20:波音B-757-222飞离纽华克国际机场后不久被劫持，直向华盛顿飞去。随后高速坠毁在宾夕法尼亚乡间，据猜测是乘客与劫机者搏斗阻止了这架飞机撞向目标。机上人员:45，遇难: 45。 整个美国都为之震惊，人们陷入了极度恐慌之中引起了全世界的震惊,这是美国历史上遭遇的最为严重的灾难之一。 影响 1、〖对美国〗 “美国911事件”发生后，美国经济一度处于瘫痪状态，对一些产业造成了直接经济损失和影响。地处纽约曼哈顿岛的世界贸易中心是20世纪70年代初建起来的摩天大楼，造价高达11亿美元，是世界商业力量的会聚之地，来自世界各地的企业共计1200家之多，平时有5万人上班，每天来往办事的业务人员和游客约有15万人。两座直冲云霄的大楼一下子化为乌有，五角大楼的修复工作至少在几亿美元之上，人才损失难以用数字估量。而且交通运输和旅游业造成严重损失。美国国内航班一天被劫持了四架，并造成巨大的人员伤亡和财产损失，确实是历史罕见。 无论对美国总统布什，对美国民众或者对美国政坛人士来说，9月11日所遭遇的恐怖分子攻击事件都是一次历史性的震撼。在两小时之内，造成美国本土遭遇数以千计的伤亡，连白宫、总统的空军一号座机、国防部大楼、金融财务中心的世界贸易大楼，都成了恐怖分子攻击的目标。