英语国家概况名词解释——加拿大澳大利亚
加拿大部分
treaty of Paris in 1763---the seven years’war ended with the signing of the treaty of Paris in 1763.by the treaty of Paris, new France with its 65,000settlers was ceded割让 to Britain.
Constitutional act of 1791---Britain divided the old province of Quebec into two parts, lower Canada(modern Canada) and upper Canada(modern Ontario),each with its own legislature.立法机构。
Act of union in 1840---联合法案recommended that the two Canadas be united in one province.
FTA and NAFTA---it stands for the Canada-united states free trade agreement signed by the two countries, which came into effect in 1989.
Canadian Shield加拿大地盾---The Canadian Shield covers almost half of Canada. It is a semicircular半圆的 band of rocky
highlands and plateaus around Hudson Bay from the northern shores of Quebec to the Arctic shores of the Northwest Territories. It is a region of hills, lakes, and swamps.沼泽
Mackenzie River
Mackenzie River is one of two principal river systems in Canada. It flows between the Canadian Shield and the Rocky Mountains in west Canada. It is the second largest river system of North American.
Loyalist
The first British settlers in Canada were American refugees, who refused to fight against the British Army in the American War of Independence, because they felt they were more English than American. They called themselves Loyalists. Their settlements laid the base of English-speaking Canada.
Canadian Prairie
Canadian Prairie is the Canadian section of the Great Plains of North America. Great stretches of level and fertile grassland are found here. This region is the center of rich wheat belt. Wheat farming and cattle and sheep grazing are
important here.
British North America Act
The British North America Act is an act passed by the British parliament in 1867 to set up the Dominion of Canada, uniting Canada, New Bruck and Nova Scotia under a federal government.
Meech Lake Accord
In 1987 Canada’s top politicians reached an argument, offering Quebec special status within the country and privileges to unilaterally promote its French culture and language. The agreement was called Meech Lake Accord. It failed because of the strong opposition from Canada’s English-speaking majority.
the Inuit
The Inuit, also called the Eskimo, is the native people of Canada who came from Asia in prehistoric times. The word Inuit means “the people ” in their own language, whereas Eskimo is an Indian word meaning “eaters of raw flesh”.吃生鱼的人
Group of Severn七人画派
The Group of Severn was a group of Canadian painters. They
appeared in the early 20th century. The group was the first to express a pictorial nationalism and a Canadian Impressionism.表现了绘画的民族主义和加拿大的印象主义。
Les Jeunesses Musicals du Canada加拿大青年音乐学会
JMC was founded in 1949 to spread musical culture and promote the musical development of young Canadians. Today JMC has over 100,000 members.
Australia （澳大利亚）
the land down under---Australia lies in the southern hemisphere. it is almost halfway around the world from England. that’s why from the European point of view Australia is down under.
outback内地---in Australia is the areas that are far away from towns and cities are called the outback, especially the desert areas in central Australia.(考过一句话)
muliticulturalism多元文化主义---it is a theory that it is beneficial to a society to maintain more than one culture within its structure. it also refers to the policy based on this theory.
school of the air---it is an educational system in which lessons are transmitted by radio and children learn their lessons through a radio system.
built environmen t营造的环境---it was built by the people,and it was changed by the people.
dreaming梦幻时代---this is the mythical神话past of the Australian aborigines.it is also the basis of their religious beliefs and creation stories.
是一个表现想象力及创造力的时期。
convict system囚犯制度---it is the system of imprisoning convicts in a penal colony,especially in a penal labour settlement.
eureka stockade尤里卡围桩---a number of goldminers armed themselves behind a stockade of wooden slabs厚板and raised a new Australian flag. this event is often referred to as the eureka stockade.
Australian bush灌木丛---it refers to an area of land covered
with natural bushes and trees which has never been farmed and where there are very few people.
the Anzacs---The Anzacs refers to Australian and New Zealand Army Corps. They joined British and French forces to fight the Turks at Gallipoli during WWⅡ. Although they later withdrew, the Gallipoli Campaign was seen as a noble defeat. The Anzacs Day (April 25) has remained Australia’s most important holiday.
ACTU澳大利亚工会理事会---it stands for Australian council of trade unions, it is the main organizational body of the trade-union movement in Australia.
White Australian Policy---The White Australian Policy refers to the Immigration Restriction Act of 1901. According to the policy, only European, especially British and Irish, were allowed to migrate to Australia. When they settled in Australia, all migrants should assimilate 吸收themselves into white society.
Marvelous Melbourne----After the gold rush in 1850s and 1860s,
there was an important revolution in transport, especially with the network of tram and railway systems. This changed the pace of urban life and the appearance of the city and soon people were calling the city “Marvelous Melbourne”. But by the 1890s outsiders were calling the city “Marvelous Melbourne” because of the bad smell of the city.
Murray---Murray is Australia’s longest river. It forms the major part of the boundary between the States of New South Wales and Victoria. It enters the sea in South Australia.
Tasmania---Tasmania is the smallest of the Australian States. It is an island lying south of the southeastern corner of the Australian mainland. It is often called the holiday Isle. It’s capital is Hobart.
Australian Capital Territory---Shortly after the forming of federation in 1901, the Australian Capital Territory was mapped out of the states of New South Wales to be the site. Canberra is the capital of Australia.
Snowy Mountains Project---The Snowy Mountains Project, a major
development project, was set up in 1949 by the Chifley government. The aim was to trap Snowy Mountains river waters, and direct the water into the Murrumbidgee and Murray Rivers through dam and tunnels. It would provide electricity and water for irrigation.
double dissolution双重解除---A double dissolution is the dissolving of both Houses of parliament by the Governor-General at the request of Prime Minister. This occurs when a bill has been passed by the House of Representatives and rejected by the Senate and after three months have elapsed, again passed by Representatives but rejected by the Senate. Then a general election may be called to solve the deadlock.
由联邦总督在总理的要求下解散议会两院
the Accord---Between 1983 and 1993 there were seven agreements between the Labor government and the ACTU. They are mainly concerned with economic and social politics such as wage politics工资政策. These agreements are known as the Accord. 协调,主要涉及经济和社会政策，例如各种工资政策。
Australian Labor Party---Australian Labor Party was formed at
the time of Federation in 1901 and is the oldest of the Australian parties. Since 1910 it has been the largest single party in terms of electoral support.
Makaratta Treaty---During the 1983 election campaigns Bob Hawke promised that if he was elected, a treaty would be signed to recognize that the Aboriginal people were the original owners of the Australian Continent. Makaratta is an Aboriginal word meaning “the end of a dispute and the start of normal relations”.
Mabo Judgment---In 1992 the High Court of Australia passed a decision which has become known as the Mabo Judgment. The decision recognized that the people of Murray Island in Torres Strait held and continued to hold native title to their land. Mabo was the name of the Aborigine who brought the case to the court and fought for it until death. 最高法院决定承认Murray 岛的人民继续保持他们自己领土的国家头衔。
《英语国家概况》课程习题集西南科技大学成人、网络教育学院版权所有 习题 【说明】：本课程《英语国家概况》（编号为12010）共有单选题,名词解释题,简答题,填空题2等多种试题类型，其中，本习题集中有[简答题]等试题类型未进入。 一、单选题 1. Celts were different groups of ancient people who came originally from________ A. France B. Denmark C. Ireland D. Germany 2. Who invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC? A. Emperor Claudius B. Julius Caesar C. King Alfred D. King Ethelred 3. Who is the author of Murder in the Cathedral? A. Christopher Marlowe B. T. S. Eliot C. Ben Johnson D. Thomas Becket 4.When Oliver Cromwell died in 1658, and was succeeded by his son, ______, the regime began immediately to collapse. A. Henry B. Hamilton C. Richard D. Charles 5. The 18th century saw selective breeding of cattle, sheep and houses by _________. A. Jethro Tull B. Thomas Coke C. George III D. Robert Bakewell 6. Which of the following is not one of the members of the Lords Temporal? A. all hereditary peers and peeresses of the England, Scotland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom (but not peers of Ireland) B. lire peers created to assist the House in its judicial duties C. senior bishops of the Church of England D. all other life peers 7. Two years after the ending of the Hundred Years’ War with France, England was thrown into another series of civil wars, ________. A. the War of the Celts
在咨询过程当中，总会碰到学生问我：去澳洲好呢还是去加拿大好呢？本人搜集了一些信息将加拿大和澳洲留学对比： 两国概况 首先介绍一下两个国家的概况吧，还是能说明一些问题的。澳洲人口2000万，国土面积770万平方公里，2008国内生产总值1,015,217（millionsof USD，下同）总量排名世界14；人均生产总值47,498 USD，排名世界11；加拿大人口2700万，国土面积997.61万平方公里，2008年国内生产总值1,400,091 USD，排名世界11；人均生产总值42,031USD，排名世界17。数字上看加拿大都要略逊一筹，而且差距有进一步拉大趋势。 两国经济 从经济上看，两个国家制造业都不是很发达，重工业基本都没有，强项都是农业和类似矿石这样的出口加工业，两国都是世界上排名前列的农业出口国，但是作为发达国家，两国的70%以上gdp来自于服务业，也就是高附加值的第三产业。事实上，世界上只有很少的国家重视制造业，而且越来越少。刚刚过去的经济危机，对两国经济都有影响，但是显然加拿大受影响更大，因为加拿大大部分出口都是出口美国。澳大利亚则幸运的躲过了经济危机，是发达国家中唯一一个避免经济衰退（技术上讲连续两个季度gdp下降被定义为衰退），也是第一个开始退出经济刺激政策的发达国家。（这里要称赞一下澳大利亚的联邦储备银行应付得当，事实上很多金融学家都认为澳大利亚的金融体系才是世界上最好的） 两国政治 国际政治上看两国都是英联邦成员国，加拿大是七国集团的成员，虽然排最后，不过也很值得骄傲。但是在各自区域上来看，加拿大只能唯美国马首是瞻，澳洲在自己的区域则是无可争议的老大，在亚太范围有更强的影响力，东南亚国家高官一半以上出自澳大利亚的教育体系。 两国气候 气候上澳洲在南半球，加拿大在北半球，差异很大，至于哪里更好，自然是各有所好，就我个人感觉，澳洲比加拿大最好的一点就是气候了。温哥华的气候基本上和中国东北差不多，夏天要比哈尔滨凉快，冬天户外要冷一点，但是只要待在室内，你是不会感到冷的，但还是不适合大多数中国人生存。这还是加拿大工人气候最好的温哥华。澳大利亚就不用多说了，作为世界上久负盛名的旅游胜地，冬天有几天会冷，夏天有几天会热，剩下的330的多天简直就像是度假。两国自然环境都很好，很适合人类生存，澳大利亚更是平均寿命排名世界第二的国家，加拿大排名世界第五，第一是日本（其实澳洲很多人死于酗酒吸毒，如果减去这些人，应该可以超过日本。） 两国教育 教育上不太好比较，加拿大毕竟是在北美，应该要好一些，不过有两个资料可以参考，一个是泰晤士报的世界大学排名，澳洲有8个大学排名世界前100，加拿大只有4个。造成这种局面的原因很难说，不过个人感觉可能是因为澳洲学校的海外学生数量要强于加拿大，所以造成在国际声望好一些，另外加拿大不少优秀的学者都被
第三十章澳大利亚经济 Chapter 30 The Economy Ⅰ.工业 Manufacturing Industry 澳大利亚的制造业以制砖开始。86%的制造业为小企业。 Manufacturing in Australia began with the making of bricks. It is estimated that 86% of all manufacturing firms are small businesses. 在世界的总格局中，澳大利亚的制造业是独特的。它的特点包括下面几点: In a world context Australian manufacturing is unique. Its features include the following: 1)效率低Inefficiency 澳大利亚的市场有限，它在地理上与外界的隔绝以及很高的关税壁垒是影响澳大利亚工业效率的几个因素。 Australia's limited local market, its geographical isolation and high levels of tariff protection are the factors that affect the efficiency of Australian manufacturing. 效率最低并且最受保护的工业是汽车、纺织、服装和制鞋工业。 The industries that are most inefficient and most highly protected are automobile, textiles, clothing and footwear industries. 2)高度集中Concentration 在过去20年里，大的联合企业在澳大利亚经济中一直起中心作用。 Over the last 20 years large conglomerates have been given a central role in the Australian economy. 整个钢铁工业由一个公司控制，这就是布洛肯·希尔专卖有限公司。 The entire steel industry is in the hands of one company, the Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited (BHP). 3)外国投资Foreign investment 澳大利亚的制造业在很大程度上依靠外国投资。外资公司比他们的澳大利亚同行获利多。 Australian manufacturing relies heavily on foreign investment. Companies that are foreign-owned tend to be more profitable than their Australian counterparts. Ⅱ.农业 Agriculture 200年前，澳大利亚是一个没有农业的大陆。今天，农业却是这个国家的最大的和最多样化的行业。澳大利亚是世界上粮食和天然纤维的主要生产国之一。 200 years ago Australia was a land without agriculture. Today, agriculture is the nation's largest and most diverse industry. Australia is one of the world's leading
英语国家概况-Land and people I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分 1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。 2. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 3. The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones. 不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。 4.Three political divisions on the island：England, Scotland and Wales. 大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。 (1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section. 英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。 (2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地及南部山陵。首府：爱丁堡。 (3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫 (4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast. 北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域。首府：贝尔法斯特。 5.The Commonwealth (of nations)is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has 50 member countries until 1991. 英联邦是独立的前英国殖民地组成的自由联合体。它成立于1931年，至1990年止已有50个成员国。 II. Geographical Features 英国的地理特征 1.Geographical position of Britain: 英国的地理位置： Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. 英国是一个岛国。它位于大西洋北部，与欧洲大陆的北海岸隔海相望。南面的英吉利海峡和东面的北海将它与欧洲其它部分隔开。 2.The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands; and the east and southeast are mostly lowlands. 英国的西部和北部主要是高地，东部和东南部主要是低地。 III. Rivers and Lakes 河流与湖泊 Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Britain (1,343m).
英语国家概况名词解释 1、The Constitution:Britain has no written foundations of the British state are laid out in statute law,which are laws passed by Parliament; the common laws, which are laws established through commom practice in courts;and conventions. 2、The house of Common: It’s the real center of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives(Members of Parliament) make and debate policy,These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of the people who vote for them. 3、The electoral campaign:Before a general election,the political parties would start their electoral campaigns in order to make their ideologies and policies known to the campaign involves advertisements in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning,postal deliveries of leaflets and ‘party electoral broadcasts” on the parties also try to attack and critisise the opponents’,these campaigns sometimes can be quite aggressive and critical. 4、Class system in British society:The class system does exist in British of British population would claim themselves to be either of middle-class or working-class,though some people would actually belong to the upper middle-class or lower divisions are not simply economic,they are cultural as of different classes may defferent may differ in the kind of newspaper they read,in the way they speak and in the kind of education they of the distinctive features about the British class system is that aristocratic titles can still be inherited. 5、Relative decline of the UK economy:The UK has experienced an economic decline since this is a relative decline rather than an absolute is wealthier and more productive than it was in 1945,but since other countries developed more rapidly,it has slid from being the second largest economy to being the six. 6、Comprehensive schools:are the most popular secondary schools in Britain schools admit children without reference to their academic abilities and provide a general can study everything from academic subjects like literature to more practical subjects like cooking 7、Grammar school s:it’s a type of secondary schools in schools select children at the age 11,through an examination called “the 11-plus”.Those children with the highest marks go to grammar schools lay emphasis on advanced academic subjects rather than the more general curriculum of the comprehensive schools and expect many of their pupils to go on to universities. 8、Independent schools:are commonly called public schools which are actually private schools that receive their funding through the private sector and tuition rates,with some government schools are not part of national education system,but the quality of instruction and standards are maintained through visits from Her Majesty’s Inspectors of schools are restricted to the students whose parents are comparatively rich. 9、the first English settle in North America:The first English permanent settlement was organized in 1607 by the London Company with a charter from the English colonists settled in Virginia and survived by imposing strict discipline on themselves and by transplanting tobacco into the colony of 1619,the settlers elected their delegates and set up the House of Burgesses,and the same time they bought and enslaved
[原创]最适合中国人移民的国家，热门pk结果 [原创]最适合中国人移民的国家，热门pk结果 28225 次点击 51 个回复 wulinxiaoxia于2010-1-23 14:31:28 发布在凯迪社区>猫眼看人 我想目前中国人上广泛认为适合移民国家主要有四个：北美的美国和加拿大；大洋洲的澳大利亚和新西兰。其中美国和新西兰因为各自都有很严重的劣势（前者要求太高，后者经济不够发达）目前中国移民大多集中在澳大利亚和加拿大。本人拿了国内大学学士去了加拿大ubc读硕士，毕业后申请美国的学校未果，经过多方考虑移民去了悉尼，我想我还是有资格比较一下这两个国家的。 首先介绍一下两个国家的概况吧，还是能说明一些问题的。澳洲人口2000万，国土面积770万平方公里，2008国内生产总值1,015,217 （millions of USD，下同）总量排名世界14；人均生产总值47,498 USD，排名世界11；加拿大人口2700万，国土面积997.61万平方公里，2008
年国内生产总值1,400,091 USD，排名世界11；人均生产总值42,031USD，排名世界17。数字上看加拿大都要略逊一筹，而且差距有进一步拉大趋势，（更权威的世界银行资料, Data refer to the year 2008. [1], World Development Indicators database, World Bank, October 8, 2009. Note: Per capita values were obtained by dividing the Total GDP data by the Population data.）也可以去wiki百科查询，地址https://www.doczj.com/doc/3515814129.html,/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_ capita。 从经济上看，两个国家制造业都不是很发达，重工业基本都没有，强项都是农业和类似矿石这样的出口加工业，两国都是世界上排名前列的农业出口国，但是作为发达国家，两国的70%以上gdp来自于服务业，也就是高附加值的第三产业。事实上，世界上只有很少的国家重视制造业，而且越来越少（补充，上次没有介绍失业率方面的数据。加拿大2008年12月失业率是8.6%,澳大利亚2008年12月失业率是5.5。不要小看这3%的差距，这在经济领域是非常大的差距，这也是为什么目前很多加拿大人来澳洲找工作的原因。关于失业率的数字，可以去google搜索。）刚刚过去的经济危机，对两国经济都有影响，但是显然加拿大受影响更大，因为加拿大大部分出口都是出口美国。澳大利亚则幸运的躲过了经济危机，是发达国家中唯一一个避免经济衰退（技术上讲连续两个季度gdp下降被定义为衰退），也是第一个开始退出经济刺激政策的发达国家。（这里要称赞一下澳大利
英语国家概况课程标准 课程代码： 适用专业：商务英语 一、课程概述 1．课程性质 语言是文化的载体，文化是语言的基础。英语语言学习和英国国家文化相互依存、密不可分。一个优秀的英语语言学习者，若不了解该语言背后所承载的民族文化，其交际能力也会受到限制。该课程能使学生了解和掌握英美两国政治，历史，经济，社会，文化和教育等基本知识，了解英美国家社会发展、现状和影响这两个国家社会发展的因素，拓展学生的知识面，培养学生文化意识，启发学生了解西方社会，了解交际规则，增强学生的英语语言学习能力，为后续专业课程的学习打下一定的基础，进而为培养高技能应用型复合人才打下基础。 2．课程设计思路 本课程在设计上围绕合作学习法—任务型教学法、比较教学法、线索梳理法、启发式等教学法。 合作学习法—任务型教学法 合作学习法又称协作学习，是以合作学习小组为基本形式，系统利用教学中动态因素之间的互动，促进学生的学习，以团体成绩作为评价标准，共同完成教学活动。任务型教学法是一种以任务或活动为核心单位计划组织语言教学的途径,一种强调“在做中学”的语言教学方法。合作学习法与任务型教学法结合是指教师设计学习任务，指导并帮助学生以小组为单位通过合作、协商完成学习任务的教学过程。主要采用组织演示、演讲、讨论等形式。 2）比较教学法 比较教学法是在教学过程中，利用教学内容的相互联系和区别，促进学生掌握和巩固教学内容、达到教学目标的一种逻辑思维方法。例如，在学习美国的政体时，我们可以和英国政体、甚至是我国的政体进行比较，异中求同，同中求异。从而对“Parliament”、“Congress”和我国的NPC （The National People’s Congress）形成更深刻的理解。运用这种教学法不仅有利于学生掌握基本知识与技能，而且有利于提高学生的创造性思维能力。3）线索梳理法 线索梳理法，尤其是历史年代轴线表示法是表达历史线索最清晰的一种方式，这种方式的特点是易于梳理，可操作性强，非常直接，便于记忆。比如说，英国历史很长，如果不进行梳理，很难记忆，如果整理成一条线索，效果却不能同日而语： Early settlers——Roman invasions——Anglo-Saxons——the Viking and Danish Invasions——the Norman Conquest——William’s Rule——the Great Charter——the Hundred Year’s War——the English Reformation——the English Renaissance——the Civil War——the Glorious Revolution——the Industrial Revolution——the two World Wars 同样，美国历史部分可整理成这样一条线索： The war of Independence——the War of 1812——territorial expansion and Westward Movement——the Civil War——the two World Wars——the Cold War——the Berlin Blockade——the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s——the Vietnam War 二、课程培养目标 1．知识目标 了解主要英语国家的地理，历史，经济和政治等方面的概况；了解主要英语国家的文化传统，风俗习惯和社会生活的其他有关情况。 2．技能目标 扩大知识面，有效弥补英语专业学生知识面窄的不足；提高英语阅读的能力和语言应用能力。 3．素质目标
1. The civil rights movement It is one of the most important of all social movements in the 1960s in America. Rosa Parks’ spontaneous action in 1955 was believed to the true beginning of the civil rights movement. The black students’ sit-in at a department lunch counter in North Carolina touched off the nationwide civil rights movement. During the first half of the decade, civil rights organizations like the SNCC,CORE,and SCLC struggled for racial intergration by providing leaderships,network and the people. In the latter half of the decade, some black organizations changed their nonviolent tactics, and emphasized on more radical means to end discrimination and raised the self-image of the blacks. The civil rights movement produced such great leaders as Martin Luther King. Jr, and Malcolm X, who inspired a generation of both blacks and whites to devote their lives to fighting for racial equality in th US. 2.A federal system【联邦制】 It is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constiuent parts, with some rights reserved to each. 3.King Arthur It is said that he was the King of England in the 5th century and united the British and drove the Saxons back with his magica sword,Excalibur. His real existence is in doubt. He is the central figure of many legends. 4. The Anglo-Saxons They were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century. They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England. 5. Riverdance[大河舞] It is a very popular form of dancing based on Ireland’s intricate[错综复杂的]folk dances which are rearranged and modernized and adapted onto current stage performance. Dancing is traditionally part of Irish culture. It is usually accompanied by the Irish pipe and fiddle. The music usually sounds fast and furious. Most of the action
Unit1 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom 1.The flag of Britain : Union Jack （英国国旗中没有显示出Welsh旗） 2. The basic information of each country: Count ry Capital Area Memo Englan d London 最大 1.最不会把自己的 “英格兰文化区 别于其他文化” 2.一个高度城市化
3.The time joining the British parliament: However, in 1707 by agreement of the English and Scottish parliaments, Scotland joined the Union. 4.Difference between the British Isles ,UK, Great Britain , and England: British Isles: the island of Great Britain the island of Ireland
surrounding isles ●UK=Great Britain + Northern Ireland ●Great Britain =England +Scotland + Wales 5.The four major invasions in the history of Great Britain : At first, England was occupied by Celtic people. Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman Empire. Result: England and Wales became a part of the Roman Empire for nearly 400 years. the Angle-Saxon invaded. Result: The land they lived became" Angle-land", later changed into England, the language they spoken became English. PS：One of the best-known English legends derives from this time. In 5 century AD, King Author(亚瑟王) united the British, and with his magical sword, Excalibur（被称为“王者之剑”的圣剑）,
题型：选择，判断，名词解释，填空 名词解释重点整理如下： 英国经济的相对衰落：英国已经历了经济的下降，因为1945.But这是一个相对而不 是绝对的下降。英国是富裕和更富有成效的，比它在1945年，但由于其他国家的发展更为迅速，从第二大经济体，第六下滑。 私有化在1908s：英国经济在20世纪70年代经历了一个特别恶劣的时期，高通胀率和英镑贬值，因此，在20世纪80年代，当根据撒切尔夫人的保守党执政时期，一个广泛的方案。进行了私有化。许多国有企业（如钢铁，电信，天然气，航空航天）到了私人公司的私有化是在控制通货膨胀取得了成功，但同时失业率迅速上升。 英国经济的主要部门：主要行业，如农业，渔业和采矿，制造这些初级产品的复杂商品的第二产业;和大专（或服务）的产业，如：英国国家经济可以划分成三个主要领域银行，保险，旅游业和零售业。 综合学校：综合学校是在英国最流行的中学，这些学校承认不参考他们的学术能力的儿童提供普通教育的学生可以学习一切从喜欢文学，喜欢烹饪的实用科目的学科。 文法学校。文法学校在英国中学的类型选择通过一个名为“11 - PULS”考试在11 岁以下的儿童，这些儿童与最高分去文法学校，这些学校打好重点上先进的学科，而不是更普遍的综合学校的课程，并期望他们的学生去上大学。 俗称独立学校：独立学校是公立学校，这实际上是私人学校接收他们通过私营部门和学费率的资金，与一些政府援助的独立学校是不是国民教育体系的一部分，但教学的质量和标准。通过参观女王陛下的学校督察保持这些学校限制学生的父母都比较丰富。公开大学：。开放大学是在英国成立的1960年为人们谁可能不会得到经济和社会原因高等教育机会的它是对所有人开放，并并没有要求在同一个正式的其他大学教育资格大学其次通过电视，广播，通信，视频和Q研究中心的净工作课程，公开大学学业结束。成功的学生将被授予大学学位。 邦联条：独立战争胜利后，美国新的国家是一个虚弱的国民政府组织联合会章程协议下的所谓国会，每个国家都有自己的政府，其自身的规律。和处理其内部事务。国家没有与美国国会和相互合作。大会没有权力强迫任何国家出钱国家的政府和国会不能任何公民征税。因此，文章邦联失败。 一个联邦制度：一个联邦制度是其中的电源之间共享一个中央机关及其组成部分，保留给每个前来的权利，。 美国宪法的制定：联邦章程失败，大会决定举行制宪会议修改联合会章程12States （罗德岛州拒绝参加）的代表聚集在费城在1787and在写一个新的结束。宪法和联 邦制度与一个强大的中央政府。宪法规定，总统选举将被称为，联邦法律将只能由国会众议院众议院和参议院和S最高法院将成立，终于批准了新宪法，大多数市民在 9of 13States是在1787年正式生效。 。执行：行政长官是谁当选一个四年任期的总统根据在1951.The总统通过了一项修 正案，只有两个词可以选出一位总统可以向国会提出立法建议，他可以否决任何法案国会通过。否决权，可以通过在两院三分之二多数票覆盖。总统可以任命联邦法官空缺出现，他是军队的首席指挥官。布什总统在政府运作等广泛当局部门和处理外交关系。 人权：人权法案条例草案，其中在1791年宪法第10修正案，权利的条例草案获得 通过，以保证自由和个人权利，如言论自由，集会权在公共场所自己的武器等的权利。
英语国家概况 名词解释 1. The civil rights movement (1955–1968) refers to the reform movements in the United States aimed at abolishing racial discrimination against African Americans and restoring suffrage in Southern states. 2. A federal system A federal system is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constituent parts with some rights reserved to each. 3. King Arthur It is said that he was the King of England in the 5th century and united the British and drove the Saxons back with his magical sword, Excalibur. His real existence is in doubt. He is the central figure of many legends. 4. The Anglo-Saxons They were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century. They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England. 5. Riverdance Riverdance is a very popular form of dancing based on I reland’s intricate folk dances which are rearranged and modernized and adapted onto current stage performance. Dancing is traditionally part of Irish culture. It is usually accompanied by the Irish pipe and fiddle. The music usually sounds fast and furious. Most of the action is from the waist down, with the arms held rigidly at the sides. 6. The House of Commons The House of Commons is the real centre of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives (Members of Parliament) make and debate policy. These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of people who vote for them. 7. The Commonwealth It is a voluntary association of states which is made up of Britain and mostly of former British colonies. There are 54 members of the Commonwealth including one currently suspended member: many of these are developing countries like India and Cyprus; others are developed nations like Australia, Canada and New Zealand. The Commonwealth was set up as a forum for continued cooperation and as a sort of support network. 8. Maoritanga Maoritanga means ―Maori culture‖. It refers to all the elements of the rich cultural heritage of the indigenous people in New Zealand, including their language, customs and traditions. 9. The “Washminster” form polity The ―Washminster‖form of polity is adopted by the Australian government. It is a mixture of the US Washington system of government and the British Westminster system. This means that the political