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高考英语英语国家知识点精讲英语国家知识点精讲一、英语国家概述英语国家是指以英语作为官方语言或使用人数众多的国家或地区。
在世界范围内，有许多国家是英语国家，如英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚等。
这些国家普遍使用英语进行国内交流、教育和商务活动。
二、英语国家文化1. 英语国家的文化多样性英语国家拥有丰富多样的文化，这些文化深受历史、地理和民族等因素的影响。
例如，在英国，人们崇尚绅士风度和下午茶文化；而在美国，人们崇尚自由、个人主义和多元文化。
每个国家都有自己独特的文化特点，这使得英语国家的文化变得丰富多彩。
2. 英语国家的节日和传统英语国家有许多独特的节日和传统。
在英国，人们庆祝万圣节和圣诞节，喝茶是他们的传统习惯。
而在美国，人们狂欢过感恩节和独立日，烧烤和烟花是他们的传统活动。
每个节日和传统都蕴含着深厚的历史和文化内涵，反映了英语国家人民的生活方式和价值观。
三、英语国家的教育体系1. 英语国家的教育制度英语国家拥有世界一流的教育体系。
他们注重教育的质量和公平性，提供全面的学科课程和丰富的学习资源。
对于学生来说，获得良好的教育是他们未来发展的基石。
2. 英语国家的教育特点英语国家的教育特点主要体现在以下几个方面：注重培养学生的创造力和批判性思维能力；鼓励学生积极参与课外活动和社会实践；注重学生的个性发展和综合素质教育。
四、英语国家的旅游胜地1. 英国的旅游景点英国是一个富有历史文化底蕴的国家，有许多著名的旅游景点，如伦敦塔桥、大本钟、巨石阵等。
此外，英国还有许多美丽的乡村和自然风光，如湖区、苏格兰高地等。
2. 美国的旅游景点美国是一个幅员辽阔、自然景观壮丽的国家，吸引着全球的游客。
纽约的自由女神像、大峡谷国家公园、华盛顿特区的国会山等都是美国著名的旅游胜地。
3. 加拿大的旅游景点加拿大是一个美丽而宜居的国家，拥有令人惊叹的自然景观。
洛基山脉、尼亚加拉大瀑布、温哥华岛等都是加拿大著名的旅游景点。
五、英语国家的经济发展1. 英国的经济发展英国是全球经济发达的国家之一，拥有强大的金融和服务业。
Chapter 1 A Panoramic View of Canada加拿大国土面积约998万平方公里,是仅次于俄罗斯的世界第二大国。
她位于北美洲的北半部，东临大西洋，西接太平洋，南面与美国接壤，北临北冰洋。
加拿大是世界上海岸线最长的国家，人口3500万，相当于中国贵州省人口总数。
加拿大分为十个省和三个地区，首都渥太华，官方语言为英语和法语。
加拿大地域辽阔，地形多样，不同区域的气温和降水差异很大，夏季最高气温在35℃以上，冬季最低气温在零下35℃以下。
北方地区气候寒冷，冬季积雪期多达4-10个月。
但大多地区并不是人们印象中的特别寒冷。
加拿大气候分为北极地区、北部地区、太平洋地区等七个地区。
17世纪法国人在加拿大建立移民点以前，北美大陆最早的土著居民是印第安人和因纽特人。
1534年，法国探险家用J.卡蒂埃发现了圣劳伦斯河这条通往加拿大的主要水路，为后来法国的殖民活动奠定了基础。
另一个法国人S.尚普兰于1603年在今新斯科舍省建立了北美第一个殖民地。
1612年尚普兰被任命为新法兰西殖民地第一任总督，他因在北美开发殖民地有重大贡献而被后人称为“新法兰西之父”。
随后，17到18世纪，英法在北美发生一系列的武装冲突，1756年到1763年的英法七年战争，以法军战败而告终。
1763年，英法签订《巴黎和约》，加拿大从此沦为百年英属殖民地时期。
1867年，英国议会形成并通过了《英属北美法案》，决定由安大略省、魁北克省、新不伦瑞克和新斯科舍四省合并成联邦国家，国名为“加拿大自治领”，首都渥太华。
一、二战期间，加拿大经济迅速发展，1949年，纽芬兰最终成为加拿大第10个省。
I. A Geographical SurveyWith an area of 9,984,670 square kilometers, Canada is a huge country, second in size only to Russia and slightly larger than China. Yet approximately, it has only 35 million people, which is less than half the population of the United Kingdom. Situated in northern half of the North America, Canada extends from the Great Lakes1in the south to the majestic Rocky Mountains2in the west, and the bleak Arctic Islands in the far north.Map of Canada1. Provinces and TerritoriesJust as the United States is a federation of states, Canada is a federation of provinces. It is now made up of ten provinces — Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia —and three territories —Nunavut, the Northwest Territories, and the Yukon Territory. Each area has its own provincial flag.1五大湖是位于加拿大与美国交界处的5个大型淡水湖泊，按面积从大到小分别为：苏必利尔湖、休伦湖、密歇根湖、伊利湖和安大略湖。
澳大利亚国家概况英语国家概况-澳大利亚篇中英翻译导读：就爱阅读网友为您分享以下“英语国家概况-澳大利亚篇中英翻译”的资讯，希望对您有所帮助，感谢您对的支持!three ：The growth of minority cultures. Established by migration.第四阶段:多元文化社会出现; Phase four：The emergence of a multicultural society.第五阶段(1990 年以后):多元文化社会的建立。
Phase five (Post-1990)：The establishment of a multicultural society.多元文化社会的建立是由于: multicultural society established by:(1)立法; legislation;(2)代表权; representation;(3)承认土著文化的价值和所有后来移民文化的贡献; recognition of value of original culture and contributions and all subsequent migrating cultures;(4)容忍和接受澳大利亚的文化差异及这种差异与澳大利亚社会的关系;tolerance and acceptance of Australia's cultural diversity and its relationship to Australia's social context.1．土著文化Aboriginal culture他们的历书是分季节的和循环的; 土著人信奉梦幻时代。
这里的大部分的传统文化到20世纪中期都已失去了。
Their calendar was seasonal and cyclical: The Aboriginal people believed in the Dreamtime. the traditional culture had been lost by the mid-twentieth century.2.现代澳大利亚文化Modern Australian culture现代澳大利亚文化是许多传统和多种影响的重叠与混合物:英国的、美国的、欧洲的和亚洲的。
A Briefing of CanadaCanada is located in the north of North America.It occupying forty one percent of the continent.Canada is the world's second largest country(9,984,670 k㎡) . It extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean.Canada has a small population ,which is only thirty-three million one hundred and forty-three hundred (2008),and more over 70% people live in near the southern of the United States. The population growth rate is moderate,although the positive growth rate is chiefly due to immigration.Canada has a liberal immigration policy that goes to great lengths to accept refugees and asylum seekers from around the world.Canada is the multicultural society which results from the diversity of its people.English and French are the two important languages spoken in Canada with diversity of people.Such as the United States of America which has turned into an ethic melting pot,for Canada not only contains a variety of cultures but promotes and preserves them.Many laws are set up to protect the various cultures from becoming extinct.Canada has taken action to stop racism.The Canadian government was the first to manage a campaign commemorating the International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination.Canada helps the rest of the world unite and experience a variety of different ethnic backgrounds trying to eliminate racism.The living standard in Canada is very high.The welfare state has developed a wide range of health and social services intended to promote health and well-being.The ownership at home in Canada is in its most unaffordable state since the "housing recession "in 1990.The constitutional arrangement for education in Canada is a provincial responsibility because there is no Department of Education at the federal level and no integrated national system of education,either.Canada is a multi-ethnic country.Therefore,it has colorful and interesting wedding customs.Most Canadians are Catholic or Protestant and their wedding practice is similar to other Western Christian countries.But in the northern part ofCanada ,the Eskimo area,"bride theft" of the age-old custom has been popular with Eskimos.Canadians love sports.The widespread sports are ice hockey,golf baseball,swimming,basketball and tennis.Universities in Canada have self-contained field and facilities,which can provide for not only the professional teams,but also for students.All above are just the general situation of Canada.Now I want to indicate the relationship between Canada and America.Canada common border with the United States to the south and northwest is the longest in the world. They share the world's longest undefended border, co-operate on military campaigns and exercises, and are each other's largest trading partner.When Canada was under the British colonial rule, its foreign relations were controlled by the British government.Although the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was established in 1909,the foreign policy was still influenced by the United Kingdom.In 2003,the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was separated from the Diplomatic and International Trade Department and functioned as an independent department,which aimed to promote cooperation between Canada and countries.In order to maintain its development and prosperity ,Canada has taken positive attitude in the international and regional affairs.Canada has contributed a lot to promote North-South dialogue,world peace and stability and to assist the poor.In the Canadian value the world order is ruled by law not by the military force.Like the United States, Canada is one of the most religiously divers countries in the world.Canada has no official church ,"God "is mentioned in the preamble to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms,but no specified.Religious pluralisms an important part of the Canadian worship.Relations between Canada and the United States have spanned more than two centuries. This includes a shared British colonial heritage, warfare during the 1770s and 1812, and the eventual development of one of the most successful international relationships in the modern world. Each is the other's chief economic partner andlarge-scale tourism and migration between the two nations has increased the similarities.The most serious breach in the relationship was the War of 1812, which saw an American invasion of then British North America and counter-invasions from British-Canadian forces. The border was demilitarized after the war and apart from minor raids has remained peaceful. Canada and the United States of America officially established diplomatic relations in 1927,nevertheless two countries have contracts with each other long before.After its independence,the United States of America once attempted to invade the British North America but was defeated by the British Canadian forces.After that the borders between two countries have remained peaceful despite of minor conflict.After the Second World War,the rise of the United States of America in the world makes the Canadian economic,political and diplomatic focus shift from the United Kingdom to the United States.Military collaboration began during World War II and continued throughout the Cold War on both a bilateral basis and through NATO. A high volume of trade and migration between the United States and Canada has generated closer ties, especially after the signing of North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994.The bilateral relationship is extremely important for both countries.Currently Canada and the United States are the primary trade partners for each other.Canada's economy heavily relies on the United States.They have signed more than one hundred and ninety cooperative agreements involving border,military defense, tariff,labour arbitration,education,environmental protection,fishery and forest protection.Canada also carries out multilateral cooperation with the United States under NATO,APEC,and OAS(Organization of America States).Although two countries have common long-term interests,there are minor conflicts because they are so close to each other.Their repeated trade disputes in fishery and forestry have always existed and Canada's grain export to the United States is charged a dumping duty.The close relationship between Canada and the United States is like brothers.They may quarrel sometimes,but their relationship is tooimportant to be seriously damaged by disagreement over short-term issues.Canada and the United States are currently the world's largest trading partners,share the world's longest unmilitarized border,and have significant interoperability within the defence sphere. Recent difficulties have included repeated trade disputes, environmental concerns, Canadian concern for the future of oil exports, and issues of illegal immigration and the threat of terrorism.The foreign policies of the neighbours have been closely aligned since the Cold War and after. Canada has disagreed with American policies regarding the Vietnam War, the status of Cuba, the Iraq War, Missile Defense, and the War on Terrorism. A serious diplomatic debate is whether the Northwest Passage is in international waters or under Canadian jurisdiction.There are close cultural ties between modern day Canada and the United States, advanced in large part because both nations predominately speak English. There are also historical ties between the respective Francophone populations. Pop culture has depicted and parodied the efforts of both nations to solidify their cultural uniqueness-- primarily by Canada, as its population is roughly one tenth that of the United States'-- to deter international perception that Americans and Canadians are virtually identical. Canada remains Americans' favorite foreign nation according to a recent Gallup poll.Nevertheless there remain Canadian fears of being overwhelmed by its neighbour, which is ten times larger in terms of population and economy. James Tagg reports that Canadian university students have a profound fear that "Canadian culture, and likely Canadian sovereignty, will be overwhelmed."The two economies have increasingly merged since the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) of 1994.From the above,Canada and the United States of America have the long-time friendly relationship.But Canada just like dances with wolves,and must independent rather than depend on America.References1,《大陆的分界：美国与加拿大的价值与制度》，西摩.马丁.利普森，鲁特埃奇出版公司，1990年（Seymour Martin Lipeset,Continental Divide:the Values and Institutions of the United States and Canada ,Routledge,1990）2，《加拿大社会》，鲁迪.芬威克，美国加拿大研究学会，1989年(Rudy Fenwick,Canada Society,The Association for Canadian Studies in the United States,1989)3，《加拿大文化与现代论》，高鉴国，沈阳辽海出版社，1999年4，《英语国家概况》，隋铭才，高等教育出版社，2009年5，.。
学习好资料欢迎下载英语国家概况名词解释——加拿大澳大利亚加拿大部分treaty of Paris in 1763---the seven years' war ended with the signing of the treaty of Paris in 1763.by the treaty of Paris, new France with its 65,000settlers was ceded割让 to Britain.Constitutional act of 1791---Britain divided the old province of Quebec into two parts, lower Canada(modern Canada) and upper Canada(modern Ontario),each with its own legislature.立法机构。
Act of union in 1840---联合法案 recommended that the two Canadas be united in one province.FTA and NAFTA---it stands for the Canada-united states free trade agreement signed by the two countries, which came into effect in 1989.Canadian Shield加拿大地盾---The Canadian Shield covers almostband of rocky半圆的half of Canada. It is a semicircular学习好资料欢迎下载highlands and plateaus around Hudson Bay from the northern shores of Quebec to the Arctic shores of the Northwest Territories. It is a region of hills, lakes, and swamps.沼泽Mackenzie RiverMackenzie River is one of two principal river systems in Canada. It flows between the Canadian Shield and the Rocky Mountains in west Canada. It is the second largest river system of North American.LoyalistThe first British settlers in Canada were American refugees, who refused to fight against the British Army in the American War of Independence, because they felt they were more English than American. They called themselves Loyalists. Their settlements laid the base of English-speaking Canada.Canadian PrairieCanadian Prairie is the Canadian section of the Great Plains of North America. Great stretches of level and fertilegrassland are found here. This region is the center of rich wheat belt. Wheat farming and cattle and sheep grazing are学习好资料欢迎下载important here.British North America ActThe British North America Act is an act passed by the British parliament in 1867 to set up the Dominion of Canada, uniting Canada, New Bruck and Nova Scotia under a federal government.Meech Lake AccordIn 1987 Canada's top politicians reached an argument, offering Quebec special status within the country and privileges to unilaterally promote its French culture and language. The agreement was called Meech Lake Accord. It failed because of the strong opposition from Canada's English-speaking majority.the InuitThe Inuit, also called the Eskimo, is the native people of Canada who came from Asia in prehistoric times. The word Inuit means “the people ” in their own language, whereas Eskimo is an Indian word meaning “eaters of raw flesh”.吃生鱼的人Group of Severn七人画派The Group of Severn was a group of Canadian painters. They学习好资料欢迎下载appeared in the early 20th century. The group was the first to express a pictorial nationalism and a Canadian Impressionism.表现了绘画的民族主义和加拿大的印象主义。
Les Jeunesses Musicals du Canada加拿大青年音乐学会JMC was founded in 1949 to spread musical culture and promote the musical development of young Canadians. Today JMC has over 100,000 members.Australia （澳大利亚）the land down under---Australia lies in the southern hemisphere.it is almost halfway around the world from England. that's why from the European point of view Australia is down under.outback内地---in Australia is the areas that are far away from towns and cities are called the outback, especially the desert areas in central Australia.(考过一句话)muliticulturalism多元文化主义---it is a theory that it isbeneficial to a society to maintain more than one culture within its structure. it also refers to the policy based on this theory.学习好资料欢迎下载school of the air---it is an educational system in which lessons are transmitted by radio and children learn their lessons through a radio system.built environmen t营造的环境---it was built by the people,and it was changed by the people.dreaming梦幻时代---this is the mythical神话past of the Australian aborigines.it is also the basis of their religious beliefs and creation stories.是一个表现想象力及创造力的时期。
convict system囚犯制度---it is the system of imprisoning convicts in a penal colony,especially in a penal labour settlement.eureka stockade尤里卡围桩---a number of goldminers armed themselves behind a stockade of wooden slabs厚板and raised anew Australian flag. this event is often referred to as the eureka stockade.---it refers to an area of land covered灌木丛Australian bush学习好资料欢迎下载with natural bushes and trees which has never been farmed and where there are very few people.the Anzacs---The Anzacs refers to Australian and New Zealand Army Corps. They joined British and French forces to fight the Turks at Gallipoli during WWⅡ. Although they later withdrew, the Gallipoli Campaign was seen as a noble defeat. The Anzacs Day (April 25) has remained Australia's most important holiday.ACTU澳大利亚工会理事会---it stands for Australian council of trade unions, it is the main organizational body of the trade-union movement in Australia.White Australian Policy---The White Australian Policy refers to the Immigration Restriction Act of 1901. According to the policy, only European, especially British and Irish, wereallowed to migrate to Australia. When they settled in Australia,all migrants should assimilate 吸收themselves into white society.1860s,and 1850s in rush gold the ----After MelbourneMarvelous学习好资料欢迎下载there was an important revolution in transport, especially with the network of tram and railway systems. This changed the pace of urban life and the appearance of the city and soon people were calling the city “Marvelous Melbourne”. But by the 1890s outsiders were calling the city “Marvelous Melbourne” because of the bad smell of the city.Murray---Murray is Australia's longest river. It forms the major part of the boundary between the States of New South Wales and Victoria. It enters the sea in South Australia.Tasmania---Tasmania is the smallest of the Australian States. It is an island lying south of the southeastern corner of the Australian mainland. It is often called the holiday Isle. It's capital is Hobart.Australian Capital Territory---Shortly after the forming of federation in 1901, the Australian Capital Territory was mapped out of the states of New South Wales to be the site. Canberra is the capital of Australia.majora Project, Mountains Snowy ---The ProjectMountains Snowy学习好资料欢迎下载development project, was set up in 1949 by the Chifley government. The aim was to trap Snowy Mountains river waters, and direct the water into the Murrumbidgee and Murray Rivers through dam and tunnels. It would provide electricity and water for irrigation.double dissolution双重解除---A double dissolution is the dissolving of both Houses of parliament by the Governor-General at the request of Prime Minister. This occurs when a bill has been passed by the House of Representatives and rejected by the Senate and after three months have elapsed, again passed by Representatives but rejected by the Senate. Then a general election may be called to solve the deadlock.由联邦总督在总理的要求下解散议会两院the Accord---Between 1983 and 1993 there were seven agreements between the Labor government and the ACTU. They are mainly concerned with economic and social politics such as wage politics工资政策. These agreements are known as the Accord. 协调,主要涉及经济和社会政策，例如各种工资政策。
