The Development of E-commerce
A perfect market
May 13th 2004
From The Economist print edition E-commerce is coming of age, says Paul Markillie, but not in the way predicted in the bubble years
When the technology bubble burst in 2000, the crazy valuations for online companies vanished with it, and many businesses folded、The survivors plugged on as best they could, encouraged by the growing number of internet users、Now valuations are rising again and some of the dotcoms are making real profits, but the business world has become much more cautious about the internet’s potential、The funny thing is that the wild predictions made at the height of the boom—namely, that vast chunks of the world economy would move into cyberspace—are, in one way or another, coming true、
The raw numbers tell only part of the story、According to America’s Department of Commerce, online retail sales in the world’s biggest market last year rose by 26%, to $55 billion、That sounds a lot of money, but it amounts to only 1、6% of total retail sales、The vast majority of people still buy most things in the good old “bricks-and-mortar” world、
But the commerce department’s figures deal with only part of the retail industry、For instance, they exclude online travel services, one of the most successful and fastest-growing sectors of e-commerce、InterActiveCorp (IAC), the owner of expedia、com and hotels、com, alone sold $10 billion-worth of travel last year—and it has plenty of competition, not least from airlines, hotels and car-rental companies, all of which increasingly sell online、Nor do the figures take in things like financial services, ticket-sales agencies, pornography (a $2 billion business in America last year, according to Adult Video News, a trade magazine), online dating and a host of other activities, from tracing ancestors to gambling (worth perhaps $6 billion worldwide)、They also leave out purchases in grey markets, such as the online pharmacies that are thought to be responsible for a good proportion of the $700m that Americans spent last year on buying cut-price prescription drugs from across the border in Canada、
And there is more、The commerce department’s figures include the fees earned by internet
auction sites, but not the value of goods that are sold: an astonishing $24 billion-worth of trade was done last year on eBay, the biggest online auctioneer、Nor, by definition, do they include the billions of dollars-worth of goods bought and sold by businesses connecting to each other over the internet、Some of these B2B services are proprietary; for example, Wal-Mart tells its suppliers that they must use its own system if they want to be part of its annual turnover of $250 billion、So e-commerce is already very big, and it is going to get much bigger、But the actual value of transactions currently concluded online is dwarfed by the extraordinary influence the internet is exerting over purchases carried out in the offline world、That influence is becoming an integral part of e-commerce、
To start with, the internet is profoundly changing consumer behaviour、One in five customers walking into a Sears department store in America to buy an electrical appliance will have researched their purchase online—and most will know down to a dime what they intend to pay、More surprisingly, three out of four Americans start shopping for new cars online, even though most end up buying them from traditional dealers、The difference is that these customers come to the showroom armed with information about the car and the best available deals、Sometimes they even have computer print-outs identifying the particular vehicle from the dealer’s stock that they want to buy、
Half of the 60m consumers in Europe who have an internet connection bought products offline after having investigated prices and details online, according to a study by Forrester, a research consultancy (see chart 1)、Different countries have different habits、In Italy and Spain, for instance, people are twice as likely to buy offline as online after researching on the internet、But in Britain and Germany, the two most developed internet markets, the numbers are evenly split、Forrester says that people begin to shop online for simple, predictable products, such as DVDs, and then graduate to more complex items、Used-car sales are now one of the biggest online growth areas in America、
People seem to enjoy shopping on the internet, if high customer-satisfaction scores are any guide、Websites are doing ever more and cleverer things to serve and entertain their customers, and seem set to take a muc h bigger share of people’s overall spending in the future、This has enormous implications for business、 A company that neglects its website may be
committing commercial suicide、A website is increasingly becoming the gateway to a company’s brand, products and services—even if the firm does not sell online、A useless website suggests a useless company, and a rival is only a mouse-click away、But even the coolest website will be lost in cyberspace if people cannot find it, so companies have to ensure that they appear high up in internet search results、
For many users, a search site is now their point of entry to the internet、The best-known search engine has already entered the lexicon: people say they have “Googled” a company, a product or their plumber、The search business has also developed one of the most effective forms of advertising on the internet、And it is already the best way to reach some consumers: teenagers and young men spend more time online than watching television、All this means that search is turning into the internet’s next big battleground as Google defends itself against challenges from Yahoo! and Microsoft、
The other way to get noticed online is to offer goods and services through one of the big sites that already get a lot of traffic、Ebay, Yahoo! and Amazon are becoming huge trading platforms for other companies、But to take part, a company’s products have to stand up to intense price competition、People check online prices, compare them with those in their local high street and may well take a peek at what customers in other countries are paying、Even if websites are prevented from shipping their goods abroad, there are plenty of web-based entrepreneurs ready to oblige、
What is going on here is arbitrage between different sales channels, says Mohanbir Sawhney, professor of technology at the Kellogg School of Management in Chicago、For instance, someone might use the internet to research digital cameras, but visit a photographic shop for a hands-on demonstration、“I’ll think about it,” they will tell the sales assistant、Back home, they will use a search engine to find the lowest price and buy online、In this way, consumers are “deconstructing the purchasing process”, says Professor Sawhney、They are unbundling product information from the transaction itself、
It is not only price transparency that makes internet consumers so powerful; it is also the way the net makes it easy for them to be fickle、If they do not like a website, they swiftly move on、“The web is the most selfish environment in the world,” says Daniel Rosensweig, chief operating
officer of Yahoo! “People want to use the internet whenever they want, how they want and for whatever they want、”
Yahoo! is not alone in defining its strategy as working out what its customers (260m unique users every month) are looking for, and then trying to give it to them、The first thing they want is to become better informed about products and prices、“We operate our business on that belief,” says Jeff Bezos, Amazon’s chief executive、Amazon became famous for books, but long ago branched out into selling lots of other things too; among its latest ventures are health products, jewellery and gourmet food、Apart from cheap and bulky items such as garden rakes, Mr Bezos thinks he can sell most things、And so do the millions of people who use eBay、And yet nobody thinks real shops are finished, especially those operating in niche markets、Many bricks-and-mortar bookshops still make a good living, as do flea markets、But many record shops and travel agents could be in for a tougher time、Erik Blachford, the head of IAC’s travel side and boss of Expedia, the biggest internet travel agent, thinks online travel bookings in America could quickly move from 20% of the market to more than half、Mr Bezos reckons online retailers might capture 10-15% of retail sales over the next decade、That would represent a massive shift in spending、
How will traditional shops respond? Michael Dell, the founder of Dell, which leads the personal-computer market by selling direct to the customer, has long thought many shops will turn into showrooms、There are already signs of change on the high street、The latest Apple and Sony stores are designed to display products, in the full expectation that many people will buy online、To some extent, the online and offline worlds may merge、Multi-channel selling could involve a combination of traditional shops, a printed catalogue, a home-shopping channel on TV, a phone-in order service and an e-commerce-enabled website、But often it is likely to be the website where customers will be encouraged to place their orders、
One of the biggest commercial advantages of the internet is a lowering of transaction costs, which usually translates directly into lower prices for the consumer、So, if the lowest prices can be found on the internet and people like the service they get, why would they buy anywhere else?
One reason may be convenience; another, concern about fraud, which poses the biggest threat to online trade、But as long as the internet continues to deliver price and product
网络营销参与与消费者行为外文翻译 本科毕业论文设计外文翻译原文 Internet Marketing Involvement and Consumer Behavior Introduction One of the most stunning aspects of the past few years has been the speed at which the Internet market has expanded and matured This rapid rate of Internet adoption has resulted in an extraordinary pace of change in the marketing landscape- and opened up a variety of opportunities for marketers All across Taiwan and around the world shopping centers are closing their doors as consumers turn to the Internet for all of their shopping needs The Internet as the primary on-line marketing channel is now overtaking the commercial on-line servicesIn fact all of the on-line service firms now offer Internet access as a primary service Users can send e-mails exchange views shop for products and access newsfood recipes art and business information As the Internet establishes its position as a mainstream marketing channel consumer criticism regarding Internet marketing strategies have increased as well Critics worry about information privacy including issues related to the acquisition and dissemination
Chapter 1 1.计算机专家用三个尺度来判断因特网的性能—— 延迟（latency）、包损失（packet loss）和可达性（reachability）。 2.（简答）电子商务管理依靠三个支柱：因特网及其 技术，商业模式和营销。因特网及其技术是电子商务存在的基础；一个商业模式有商业目标、价值传递系统和收益模式三部分组成；为顾客传递最大的价值是十分重要的一个方面，因此营销活动在电子商务中扮演着关键角色。 3.新概念模式基于六个要素：效率、价值、可测性、 密集网络、交互性和全球化市场。 Chapter 2 1.由于因特网使用包交换（packet switching）技术， 因此它有别于其他一些通信网络。 2.因特网最重要的发展是万维网的应用。 3.（名词解释）Metcalfe’s law：网络价值的增长与网 络用户数量的平方成正比。 Chapter 3 1. （论述）创建在线企业的四个步骤： 一开始必须对企业希望通过实施这些技术而达到什么样的目标做出评估。第一，企业应该了解对多少比例的业务实施在线运行，以及这个比例是否会产生改变。第二，企业应该清楚了解在线业务的目标——是赢利中心还是亏损中心。第三，根据人口学、行为学或心理学来确定目标消费者。 在对在线业务所占比例、目标和目标顾客有了明确了解后，企业必须设法阐明通过什么途径传递最大化的顾客价值。第一步是鉴别顾客对于价值的不同认识；第二步是选择将什么价值元素传递给顾客；第三步是提供价值；第四步是开发一个综合通讯工具包来帮助顾客理解价值的本质；最后一步，公司必须持续不断地评估顾客如何感知正在被传递的价值。 企业要获得成功，仅靠为顾客传递价值是远远不够的，必须将最大化顾客价值转变为最大化企业收入和利润。因而，下一步就是收入模式的设计。最后，商业模式应用与商业模式设计是两个完全分离的步 骤，一个设计完美的模式不能弥补错误应用造成的损失。 2. （名词解释）价值更一般定义为，在对净收益和获得 这些收益的代价的理解的基础上，对产品和服务的总体评 估。 3.企业可以通过五种途径在网上赚钱：商务，广告，费用， 出售用户信息和信用。 Chapter 4 1.可以用两种方法对网络商业模式进行分类：仅仅只在 网上经营业务的商业模式叫单一模式；既在网上又在 物理空间理经营业务的模式叫鼠标加水泥模式。业内 分析家认为鼠标加水泥的模式比较有优势，因为这种 商业模式综合了传统和虚拟两种空间的特性。 2.（简答）一个公司如何成为B2C领域的领头羊？答案 就是有效沟通并把价值传递给顾客。 3.网络市场有三种类型：以买方为中心的市场，以卖方 为中心的市场，中立交易市场。 Chapter 5 1.卖方何时采用拍卖：首先，拍卖适合具有特殊价值的 商品；其次，当拍卖会有很多投标者参与时能发挥出 最大作用。 2.B2B拍卖会通常是清除库存的有效途径。 3.第二价格拍卖深受经济学家们的青睐，投标者可以自 由表示自己愿意出的价钱。逆向拍卖一开始，由买方 出价，卖方相互竞价以达到买方的要求。这种拍卖方 式与其他方式的主要区别是受信用卡支持 4.拍卖组织的拍卖活动一般采取两种形式——列表式 和商品式。在因特网上，绝大多数的拍卖地址都采用 列表式。 5.拍卖网站采用限制投标者行为的两种方法：自动延时 技术和代理投标。 Chapter 6 1.AIDA模式包含劝导客户产生购买行为的四个步骤， 即引起注意、产生兴趣、激发愿望和构成行为。 2.为何要进行病毒蔓延式营销？首先，众多的社会关系 网络都有了“在线版本”；其次，利用网络联络其他 人要比传统的邮寄信件或电话迅速的多；最后，临 界群体效应起了重要作用。 3.最适宜采用病毒式营销的产品具有以下特点：独特 性，扣人心弦的产品概念，简单的产品概念，低廉 的试用成本。 4.所谓SEO，就是合理组织网站的形式和内容，以提 升网站在主要的搜索引擎网站中的排名。公司提升 自己网站排名的首选策略是改变网页上的标记。 5.旗帜广告有三种主要的类型：插播式广告、弹出式 广告和下拉式广告。 6.（论述）对点击进入的理解：点击进入率已经成为 衡量旗帜广告绩效的常用指标。事实广告客户和广 告代理商都应该认真考虑点击进入究竟意味着什 么。正如AIDA模式所表明的，更重要的是在获得 客户注意力之后能引发他们的购买行为。从两个角 度考虑这个问题：如果客户没有点击广告，并不能 判断该广告一定没有产生作用；而如果客户点击了 广告，也不能证明广告就一定有效。点击进入不无 意义，但是不要仅仅因为点击进入率低就完全否定 了你的旗帜广告。应当关注整体的情况，考察一下 广告对于品牌知名度和影响力是否产生了影响。如 果广告的点击进入率很高，也要考虑它是否代表了 客户的真实反映，还是仅仅是由于广告设计而产生 的结果。从长远看来，具有前瞻性的广告客户和广 告代理商不会局限于点击进入率。其他媒体的广告 客户会做的一切，也正是因特网广告客户努力的方 向——进行市场调查追踪广告绩效。客户对广告和 品牌的态度，以及客户的品牌认知度是追踪的主要 内容。 7.公司的网站是实施营销策略的中心。 Chapter 7 1.从制造商到顾客这一段供应链称为配送渠道。 2.顾客需求是供应链的驱动力。 3.供应链中最有价值的就是与市场相关的信息。 4.通过改善供应链中的信息流，网络技术从三个重要 方面帮助供应链管理：共享知识，加快反应速度，
E---MARKETING (From:E--Marketing by Judy Strauss,Adel El--Ansary,Raymond Frost---3rd ed.1999 by Pearson Education pp .G4-G25.) As the growth of Googel. shows, some marketing principles never change.Markets always welcome an innovative new product, even in a crowded field of competitors ,as long as it provides customer value.Also,Google`s success shows that customers trust good brands and that well-crafted marketing mix strategies can be effective in helping newcomers enter crowded markets. Nevertheless, organizations are scrambling to determine how they can use information technology profitably and to understand what technology means for their business strategies. Marketers want to know which of their time-ested concepts will be enhanced by the Internet, databases,wireless mobile devices, and other technologies. The rapid growth of the Internet and subsequent bursting of the dot- bubble has marketers wondering,"What next?" This article attempts to answer these questions through careful and systematic examination of successful e-mar-keting strategies in light of proven traditional marketing practices. （Sales Promotion;E--Marketing；Internet；Strategic Planning ） 1.What is E--Marketing E--Marketing is the application of a broad range of information technologies for: Transforming marketing strategies to create more customer value through more effective segmentation ,and positioning strategies；More efficiently planning and executing the conception, distribution promotion,and pricing of goods,services,and ideas;andCreating exchanges that satisfy individual consumer and organizational customers` objectives. This definition sounds a lot like the definition of traditional marketing. Another way to view it is that e-marketing is the result of information technology applied to traditional marketing. E-marketing affects traditional marketing in two ways. First,it increases efficiency in traditional marketing strategies.The transformation results in new business models that add customer value and/or increase company profitability.
电子商务 电子商务（Electronic Commerce）是在Internet开放的网络环境下，基于浏览器/服务器应用方式，实现消费者的网上购物、商户之间的网上交易和在线电子支付的一种新型的商业运营模式 Internet上的电子商务可以分为三个方面：信息服务、交易和支付。主要内容包括：电子商情广告；电子选购和交易、电子交易凭证的交换；电子支付与结算以及售后的网上服务等。主要交易类型有企业与个人的交易(BtoC方式)和企业之间的交易(BtoB方式)两种。参与电子商务的实体有四类：顾客(个人消费者或企业集团)、商户(包括销售商、制造商、储运商)、银行(包括发卡行、收单行)及认证中心。 电子商务是Internet爆炸式发展的直接产物，是网络技术应用的全新发展方向。Internet本身所具有的开放性、全球性、低成本、高效率的特点，也成为电子商务的内在特征，并使得电子商务大大超越了作为一种新的贸易形式所具有的价值，它不仅会改变企业本身的生产、经营、管理活动，而且将影响到整个社会的经济运行与结构。 1．电子商务将传统的商务流程电子化、数字化，一方面以电子流代替了实物流，可以大量减少人力、物力，降低了成本；另一方面突破了时间和空间的限制，使得交易活动可以在任何时间、任何地点进行，从而大大提高了效率。 2．电子商务所具有的开放性和全球性的特点，为企业创造了更多的贸易机会。 3．电子商务使企业可以以相近的成本进入全球电子化市场，使得中小企业有可能拥有和大企业一样的信息资源，提高了中小企业的竞争能力。 4．电子商务重新定义了传统的流通模式，减少了中间环节，使得生产者和消费者的直接交易成为可能，从而在一定程度上改变了整个社会经济运行的方式。 5．电子商务一方面破除了时空的壁垒，另一方面又提供了丰富的信息资源，
互联网网络营销外文文献翻译 (含：英文原文及中文译文) 文献出处：Peter Kenzelmann. Technical Consultancy in Internationalization[J]. International Marketing Review, 2006, 4(3):20-29. 英文原文 The technical basis of network marketing Peter Kenzelmann Network marketing is based on the technology infrastructure of computer network technology, as represented by information technology. Computer networks of modern communications technology and computer technology to the product of combining it in different geographic regions and specialized computer equipment for external interconnection lines of communication into a large, powerful networks, thus enabling a large number of computers can easily transmit information to each other, share hardware, software, data and other resources. And network marketing is closely related to the computer network there are three types: the Internet, Extranet and Intranet. The theoretical basis for the network marketing Theoretical foundation of network marketing is direct marketing network theory, network theory of relationship marketing, marketing theory and network software to integrate marketing theory. (A) Direct Response Network Marketing Theory
E-commerce (electronic commerce or EC) is the buying and selling of goods and services on the Internet, especially the World Wide Web. In practice, this term and a newer term, e-business, are often used interchangably. For online retail selling, the term e-tailing is sometimes used. 电子商务（电子商务或电子商务）是购买和出售的商品和服务在互联网，特别是万维网上的。在实践中，这项和一个新的术语，电子商务，往往交替使用。网上零售，电子零售的术语有时用。 E-tailing or The Virtual Storefront and the Virtual Mall 网上或虚拟商店和虚拟商店 As a place for direct retail shopping, with its 24-hour availability, a global reach, the ability to interact and provide custom information and ordering, and multimedia prospects, the Web is rapidly becoming a multibillion dollar source of revenue for the world's businesses. A number of businesses already report considerable success. As early as the middle of 1997, Dell Computers reported orders of a million dollars a day. By early 1999, projected e-commerce revenues for business were in the billions of dollars and the stocks of companies deemed most adept at e-commerce were skyrocketing. Although many so-called dotcom retailers disappeared in the economic shakeout of 2000, Web retailing at sites such as https://www.doczj.com/doc/374140297.html,, https://www.doczj.com/doc/374140297.html,, and https://www.doczj.com/doc/374140297.html, continues to grow. 作为一个直接的零售购物，其24小时供应，全球性的，互动的能力，并提供自定义信息和订购，和多媒体，网络正在迅速成为一个数十亿美元的收入来源，为全球的企业。一些企业已报告了相当大的成功。早在1997年年中，戴尔电脑报告的订单一百万美元一天。1999年初，预计的电子商务业务收入都在数十亿美元的股票和公司认为最善于电子商务暴涨。虽然许多所谓的互联网零售商消失在经济衰退2000，网上零售网站如https://www.doczj.com/doc/374140297.html,，https://www.doczj.com/doc/374140297.html,，和https://www.doczj.com/doc/374140297.html,继续增长 Market Research 市场研究 In early 1999, it was widely recognized that because of the interactive nature of the Internet, companies could gather data about prospects and customers in unprecedented amounts -through site registration, questionnaires, and as part of taking orders. The issue of whether data was being collected with the knowledge and permission of market subjects had been raised. (Microsoft referred to its policy of data collection as "profiling" and a proposed standard has been developed that allows Internet users to decide who can have what personal information.) Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
文献出处：Guzzo T, D’Andrea A, Ferri F, et al. Evolution of Marketing Strategies: From Internet Marketing to M-Marketing[C]//On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2012 Workshops. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012: 627-636. 原文 Evolution of Marketing Strategies:From Internet Marketing to M-Marketing Tiziana Guzzo, Alessia D’Andrea, Fernando Ferri, and Patrizia Grifoni 1 Introduction Marketing is “the process which creates, communicates, delivers the value to the consumers, and maintains the relationship with consumers. It generates the strategy that underlies sales techniques, business communication, and business developments. It is “an integrated process through which companies build strong consumers relationships and create value for their consumers and for themselves” Marketing strategies have a long history and mainly interested economists and sociologists. The wide use of Internet, pervasiveness of social networks and the evolution of mobile devise are implying a wider involvement of interdisciplinary competences enlarging the interest toward ICT competences. This paper is to describe the evolution of marketing strategies from the advent of the Web (Internet Marketing) - through the advent of Social Networks (Marketing 2.0) - to the evolution of Mobile Social Networks (M-marketing). In particular, the paper analyses the use that Italian people make of mobile devices and the user perception and acceptance of M-marketing.
中英文对照外文翻译文 电子商务时代企业文化的再造 随着网络时代电子商务大规模发展，电子商务企业文化随之产生，它在一个企业在产生的一种新的价值观，使企业内部资源得到从新整合，在为企业带来降低交易成本，提高效率，缩短生产周期等诸多好处的同时，也对已有的企业文化发起了挑战。电子商务的兴起是一场由技术手段飞速发展而引发的商业运作模式的变革，传统经济活动的生存基础、运作方式和管理机制均发生了彻底改变，传统的企业文化也面临着巨大的冲击。 一、企业文化对企业价值的贡献 文化现象是一个国家和民族文明的主要见证。广义的文化，包括知识、信仰、艺术、道德、法律、习俗和任何人作为一名社会成员而获得的能力和习惯在内的复杂整体。作为“亚文化”的企业文化，对企业的生存与发展亦起着举足轻重的作用。企业文化是商品经济和市场经济的产物，符合市场经济的客观规律，体现企业的竞争实务、竞争精神和整体形象。所谓企业文化就是企业的经营管理哲学，企业面对所处的社会和商业环境，在长期的生产经营活动中，形成全体员工所接受和认同信守的、为争取事业成功的一套非正式规则。它表明企业奉行何种管理哲学，以及企业通过管理要达到一个什么样的目标。是经济管理的重要内容之一。企业文化意味着一个公司的价值观，而这些价值观成为公司员工活动和行为的规范。 企业文化的本源问题是如何增加企业利润，降低企业的成本和费用。它的要义就是怎么使企业能够有效的整合资源，以达到对外部的适应性，使公司在竞争中生存，进而实现持续发展。企业文化建设为企业开展文化管理指出一个明确的方向。企业文化建设的根本目的是建设能够对外竞争环境具有高度适应性，并能根据环境变换做出迅速反应的行为方式能力，这种能力其实就是企业所拥有的根据外部竞争的环境需要而对内部资源进行整合运用的能力。企业文化建设应促进这一能力系统的形成，并维持好这一能力系统。中国的许多企业例如海尔、联想等企业成功的秘诀之一就是发展了一整套公司理念、经营哲学，形成了自己独特的企业文化。 1、企业文化体现企业的形象和精神。树立良好的企业形象，需要企业文化的支撑。现
外文文献及译文 文献、资料题目：Electronic Commerce 外文文献： Electronic Commerce Electronic commerce, or Electronic trade, or electronic business as a newly rising mode of commerce will have far-reaching influence on social economy and play an important role in social development worldwide. It represents the trend of world trade in the 21st century and beyond. 1. What is Electronic Commerce? Electronic commerce refers to commercial data exchange in digital form through electronic transmission means and commercial activities conducted on-line. Usually, electronic commerce can be divided into two levels: One is low-level electronic commerce that is, electronic commercial intelligence, electronic trade, and electronic contracts. Another is high-level electronic commerce which includes all commercial activities done via Internet, ranging from searching for clients, commercial negotia-tion, making orders, on-line payment, releasing electronic invoice, to electronic dec-laration to Customs, electronic tax-payment, all conducted on Internet. Electronic commerce means electrification of all trade transactions. It is featured by these characters: ①fairness and freedom, ②high efficiency, ③globalization, ④virtualization, ⑤interactivity, ⑥autonomy, ⑦personalized service. With electronic commerce, clients and
网络营销策略分析外文翻译文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)
Network marketing strategy analysis of VANCL Abstract:21 century is the information century, the development of science technology, economic and social is to meet the coming of age. The network marketing is also the Internet for media, to implement marketing campaigns in the new ways, method and idea, more effective individual and organization the realization of the trading activities. Enterprise how to develop the network marketing in such a huge market potential, occupation in emerging markets, to the enterprise both opportunities and challenges. The network marketing is also produced in the change of the values of consumers: meet the needs of the consumers, is the enterprise manages the core of the eternal. Using network of this high- technology to provide consumers with various types of service, is a important way of future competition advantage. V ANCL makes a huge success by the network marketing, and becomes a Chinese clothing network marketing market leader in the short term. Based on the network marketing way as the foundation, reading V ANCL marketing strategy. Key words:Network marketing Marketing strategy V ANCL The network marketing as a new marketing concept and marketing mode in a digital economy times, even if the enterprise opened up more broad market, and can lead and reforming the traditional marketing. The network marketing compared with the traditional marketing has the personality, interactive, economy, efficiency and obvious advantages, if V ANCL want to market in big foothold, it must learn to use the new marketing method, the most suitable for enterprise of the integration of traditional and modern marketing method. 1、The marketing situation of V ANCL With the development of the Internet, e-commerce enterprises emerging batches. The e-commerce market in other properties, once created "clothing direct sales model" the myth of a brief period of prosperity in PPG after into decline. And take the
电子商务简历中英文范文 个人简历最好用A4标准复印纸打印，字体最好采用常用的宋体或楷体，尽量不要用花里呼哨的艺术字体和彩色字体，排版要简洁明快，切忌标新立异，排的象广告一样。当然，如果你应聘的是排版工作则是例外。电子商务简历中英文范文篇一fwdq Female, 26, Education: college Working years: 3 to 5 years Expected salary: yuan Working location: chengdu to build Objective: electronic commerce competent specialist / | | shop operation content/new media operation promotion | | network shops operating Ability to perform Strong learning ability Have affinity Honesty integrity communication ability Work experience (work for 11 months, made a job) Star international health industry group Working time: March XX to February XX] [11 months Job title: general manager Education experience Graduated in July XX Sichuan chemical industry
中英文对照外文翻译 network marketing Peter Kenzelmann Abstract:Today, mankind has entered the era of rapid economic development of e-commerce-based network. A full range of rapid development and wide application of computer network technology on contemporary society, but also brought great changes to the enterprise marketing management. Network Marketing the new marketing methods to adapt to the changes of the era of the development of network technology and information networks, it has changed the traditional marketing concept, marketing strategy, marketing, ways and means, will become the mainstream of the current era of corporate marketing. The face I had many problems in the SME network marketing, we should also be a clear understanding of the inevitability of its development, which requires all aspects of synergy and cooperation, to build a good network consumption environment, and promote the continued development of network marketing. Keywords: network marketing sales model of network management marketing planning SME. https://www.doczj.com/doc/374140297.html,work Marketing Theory Network marketing is based on the technology infrastructure of computer network technology, as represented by information technology. Computer networks of modern communications technology and computer technology to the product of combining it in different geographic regions and specialized computer equipment for external interconnection lines of communication into a large, powerful networks, thus enabling a large number of computers can easily transmit information to each other, share hardware, software, data and other resources. And network marketing is closely
银行，作为电子支付和结算的最终执行者，扮演着连接买家和卖家的角色。其中由银行提供的网上支付服务是关键因素，属于电子商务中的最高层次，随着电子商务的繁荣逐渐发展。随着电子商务的发展，网络银行的发展是一个必然的趋势。然而，如同任何新生事物一样的电子银行，虽然已经显示出强大的生命力和适应电子商务的需要，但同时也暴露了法律的滞后性。由于有很多参与电子资金转帐系统的人，法律关系将变得很复杂，出问题的时候，基金不能转移结算或结算有错误。同时，通过电子资金转移系统传送的基金通常是非常巨大的，一旦出错，会成为巨大的损失。因此造成的损失需要采用技术治疗法。然而，由于电子资金划拨法在我国尚未制定，在事故发生时它不可能确定当事人的任何责任，这使得它很难保证交易基金顺利转移。此外，没有统一管理的电子资金划拨例如电子货币的安全认证。这在电子资金转移造成的隐患和法律的滞后是完全暴露在新技术领域。表现如下：1。电子资金划拨的元素：从技术上说，电子资金划拨的要素包括四个方面：商业系统，电子货币，支付网关，以及安全认证。其中后者是前三者的必要条件。电子货币：一种工具，支付的是无形的交换电子信息；它包括三种形式，即信用卡，电子现金，电子支票；电子货币是电子商务的核心，它将逐渐在国际金融活动中发挥着重要的作用。支付网关：一系列服务器连接银行网络与互联网，主要功能是完成通信，两者之间的加密和解密协议传输数据，从而确保银行内部网络的安全。安全认证：电子商务的关键问题是安全的，如何解决这个问题是企业关注的焦点。如何保证安全的传输数据时，事务处理开放网络的时候，电子商务还没有得到充分的开发已成为决定电子商务可以流行的最重要的元素。2。电子基金转移手续：在网上银行的法律问题主要有以下几个方面：（1）在电子资金转移的一般风险：有很多在电子资金划拨参与者，包括最基本的客户，银行或其他金融机构，系统服务，银行间清算组织，和其他如通信线路提供商，软件提供商，计算机制造商和电力供应商；一旦有冲突，局势将没有法律，没有明确双方权利和义务的规定是非常混乱的澄清。因此，这种故障后通过电子资金转移的法律，规范电子资金转移阐明法律责任是当务之急。（2）软件引起的风险：银行进行电子资金转移的首要条件是使软件保证安全，该基金的迅速和有效的电子转移。然而，如果有一天出现故障，这就是守护人网络银行赖以生存的错吗？（3）引起客户的资金风险：客户不总是正确的。在日常生活中，电子资金转移所造成的客户风险是很常见的。例如，如果客户使用个人信息在不安全的环境下，银行可能需要为可能发生的损失承担责任。一些客户使用网银或他们的密码泄露的记录时，他们的帐号和密码在不安全的环境不符合操作规程，或不报告他们的电子货币损失的时间这使罪犯得到客户的机密信息和使用它来提交相关 的犯罪活动提供了便利。更重要的是，一些客户可能会否认他们的交易，尽管事实上他们已经做过，但银行的技术措施不可能进行全面的交易记录，因此所遭受的损失将由银行承担。由银行或金融机构造成的风险：银行或金融机构电子资金划拨的核心，因为他们进行的所有电子资金转帐。然而，由于复杂的程序，是最有可能发生的问题。随着科技的进步非常快，员工或管理不可能熟悉网银技术并不能有效地使用网上银行系统，它带来了潜在的经营风险。如果错误是由于过失，过错责任原则应适用，就是说，犯过错承担责任。如果错误是由欺诈，和虚拟银行的安全程序在电子商务中是合理可靠的，标称发送者负责发送付款方向。（4）其他原因引起的风险主要包括：这些质量问题的计算机和通信线路和电力供应问题。例如，有时交易将被推迟或暂停或者因为制造商不能提供合格的硬件或软件或网络故障电缆不及时修复。（5）通过跨国电子资金转移引起的风险：电子商