E---MARKETING
(From:E--Marketing by Judy Strauss,Adel El--Ansary,Raymond Frost---3rd ed.1999 by Pearson Education pp .G4-G25.)
As the growth of Googel. shows, some marketing principles never change.Markets always welcome an innovative new product, even in a crowded field of competitors ,as long as it provides customer value.Also,Google`s success shows that customers trust good brands and that well-crafted marketing mix strategies can be effective in helping newcomers enter crowded markets. Nevertheless, organizations are scrambling to determine how they can use information technology profitably and to understand what technology means for their business strategies. Marketers want to know which of their time-ested concepts will be enhanced by the Internet, databases,wireless mobile devices, and other technologies. The rapid growth of the Internet and subsequent bursting of the dot- bubble has marketers wondering,"What next?" This article attempts to answer these questions through careful and systematic examination of successful e-mar-keting strategies in light of proven traditional marketing practices.
（Sales Promotion;E--Marketing；Internet；Strategic Planning ）
1.What is E--Marketing
E--Marketing is the application of a broad range of information technologies for:
Transforming marketing strategies to create more customer value through more effective segmentation ,and positioning strategies；More efficiently planning and executing the conception, distribution promotion,and pricing of goods,services,and ideas;andCreating exchanges that satisfy individual consumer and organizational customers` objectives.
This definition sounds a lot like the definition of traditional marketing. Another way to view it is that e-marketing is the result of information technology applied to traditional marketing. E-marketing affects traditional marketing in two ways. First,it increases efficiency in traditional marketing strategies.The transformation results in new business models that add customer value and/or increase company profitability.
2.Environment,Strategy,and Performance (ESP)
E-Marketing flows form the organization `s overall e-business strategies and selected business environment,where legal,technological,competitive,marketrelated,
and other environmental, factors external to the firm create both opportunities and threats. Organizations perform SWOT analyses to discover what strengths and weaknesses they have to deploy against threats and opportunities. This SWOT analysis leads into e-business and e-marketing strategy. Firms, select e-business strategies and e-business models, and then marketers formulate strategy and create e-marketing plans that will help the firm accomplish its overall goals. The final step is to determine the success of the strategies and plans by measuring results. Performance metrics are specific measures designed to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the e-business and e-marketing operations. this is so important in today` s e-business climate that media reports seem to be full of references to ROI and other measures of success for e-business strategies and tactics featured in the model.
The esp model might just as easily depict a brick-and-mortar business process -by removing a few "e `s" this underscores the idea that e-businesses are built on sound practices and proven processes but with important e-transformations and emarketing practices, as discussed in this book.
This chapter examines the environmental factors in the ESP model, whereas Chapter 4 and Chapter 5 explore these important factors in more depth. Chapter 2 delves into the strategy area, and Chapter 3 discusses the e-marketing planning process.
The marketing environment is ever change, providing plenty of opportunities to develop new products, new markets, and new media to communicate whit customers, plus new channels to reach business partners. At the same time, the environment poses! Competitive, economic , and other threats. This section introduces three key environmental factors that affect e-marketing : legal, technological, and marketrelated factors.
Current and pending legislation can greatly influence e-marketing strategies.
Chief among these are laws concerning privacy, digital property, expression, and fraud. Privacy is difficult to legislate, yet it is critically important to consumers who routinely yield personal information over the Internet. One hot issue involves opt-out . This occurs when users must uncheck a Web page box to avoid being put on a few users read the Web page carefully enough to notice the opo-out box. Digital property problems began in the Web` s early days and continue to puzzle firms and legislators alike. In a medium where content is freely distributed, it can be freely ripped off-not a good thing for the content authors. Spam, offensive content , and other forms of personal expression conflict whit user rights and thus, from an ongoing discussion among legislaer needs? Finally , new technology brings new opportunities for fraud. Although regulatory agencies are working hard to prevent fraud, enforcement is difficult in a networked world.Technological developments are altering the composition of Internet audiences as well as the quality of material that can be delivered to them. For example, about 20% of the U.S. Population enjoys high-bandwidth connections-primarily cable modems and DSL lines--that enable delivery of multimedia content. Some Web sites are beginning to create three forms of content :a high-- speed multimedia form, a standard PC offering, and a handheld format for wireless devices such as cell phones. The prolofera-tion of wireless devices creates a new set of design challenges as firms try to squeeze content onto tinier screens. Also important are technology concerns in developing countries. As communication infrastructures improve and more people use handheld devices ,new geographic markets develop. Further ,e-marketing is evolving through software advances. For instance, technologies that target consumers according to their online behavior are becoming increasingly sophisticated. Incorporating these technologies into Web site design can give a firm a distinct competitive advantage.
3.E-Business Markets
Sergio Zyman, formerly chief marketing officer of Coca-cola ,has been quoted as saying, marketing is supposed to sell stuff. One way information technology helps sell stuff if they don’t` identify appropriate markets. Exhibit 1—5 highlights three important markets that both sell and buy to each other: businesses, consumers, and governments. Although this book focuses on the
B2C markets are where most business activity occurs.
The business market is huge because a higher proportion of firms are connected to the Internet than consumers, especially in developing countries. Much of the B2B online activity is transparent to consumers because it involves proprietary networks that allow information and database sharing .Consider FedEx, the package delivery firm. This company maintains mation . Its customers can schedule a package pick-up using the Web site, track the package using a PC or handheld Palm Pilot, and pay the shipping bill online. Sometimes the shipping order is automatically triggered when a mail notification of its delivery progress to the retailer.
The Internet is a global market with opportunities existing in unimagined locations, which is why e-marketers must understand consumers in potential geographic segments. For example, with an annual average income of US$300, Vietnamese citizens who opt to spend 28% of their salary on online services do not have much purchasing power. Further, there are waiting lists for automobiles in Vietnam, so an online branding campaign might be a waste of resources . Conversely, Iceland and Denmark are two of the most wired countries in the world with over 60% Internet penetration. Also, consumers in many countries pay by the minute for local phone access. This is a tremendous deterrent to the kind of casual surfing practiced by Internet users in developed nations. In addition, the infrastructure in some countries does not support high-speed modems. Content delivered to these countries may, therefore, have to be light on bandwidth. Chapters 15 and 16 look at global Internet markets in more detail.
4.Strategic Planning
Amazon, like every other marketer on and off the Web, uses strategic planning to get ready for a profitable and sustainable business future. Strategic planning is the “managerial process of developing and maintaining a viable fit between the organization`s objectives”, Two key elements of strategic planning are the preparation of a SWOT analysis and the establishment of strategic objectives.the SWOT analysis examines the company` s internal strengths and weaknesses with respect to the environment and the competition and looks at external opportunities and threats. Opportunities may help to define a target market or identify new product opportunities, while threats are areas of
exposure.
In a parallel fashion, marketing strategy becomes e-marketing strategy when marketers use digital technology to implement the strategy.Strategic e-marketing is the design of marketing strategy that capitalizes on the organization’s electronic or information technology capabilities to reach specified objectives. In essence, strategic e-marketing is where technology strategy and marketing strategy wed to form the organization’s e-marketing strategy.
Regardless of whether a customer buys from the stone, the catalog, or the Web site, or whether contact is made by phone, in person, through , or by postal mail, employees can access the computerized database for up-to-date account activity and information when dealing with customers.
Most strategic plans explain the rationale for the chosen objectives and strategies. This is especially true for a single e-business project trying to win its share of corporate resources and top-management support.
5.What`s Next
Regardless of the current disillusionment with e-business,many solid successes exist today and exciting new growth areas will soon emerge, For-Tune magazine has identified seven trends that will help businesses move forward into e-marketing during the next few years:
Integrating IT software. Twenty-six percent of companies will spend money to integrate all the pieces of corporate technology, such as linking front-end customer service software with back-end order fulfillment system.
Boom in Web services. Web services will more deeply into finding universal standards for Internet-related software. Microsoft’s dot-net and Sun’s Java are two competing architectures, for example.
Collaboration software. This allows employees, advisors, consultants, and other team members to work on projects while in different geographic locations. For example, ”Napster for Marketers”is peer-to-peer software that one consulting firm uses to collaborate on marketing plans with ad agencies, designers, and others.
Dealing with too much date. Better customer relationship management software is helping firms reinforce customer loyalty by analyzing the mountain of
data about previous behavior to suggest new products. For example, a flight attendant would be able to ask if a passenger wants coffee with sugar instead of the usual, ”What do you want to drink?”data security. Techies are spending lots of time and money trying to protect data from hackers and viruses.
Wireless is here to stay. Technologies such ah 802.11 and Bluetooth use shortrange signals to link a variety of computing and handheld devices in homes, offices, and retail stores.growth in portable computing. Inexpensive computer storage and small machines will aid people who want to work at home, in the car or train, or virtually anywhere. Devices such as IBM’s 9-ounce Metapad hold 5 gigabytes of data and will change the way people work.
网络营销
https://www.doczj.com/doc/0116394655.html,的成长发展说明一些营销原理从来不曾变化，对于一项创新产品，只要它能为顾客提供价值，即使已有众多竞争者，市场也总是乐于接受的。Google的成功表明顾客信任的号品牌好的营销组合战略可以有效的帮助新顾客进入纷繁复杂的市场，然而，企业组织纷纷确定如何更好的利用信息技术获得效益收益，确定技术对企业战略而言意味着什么，市场营销人员需要只奥因特网，数据库，无线移动设备及其他技术能提升哪些经过长时期实践检验的营销理念，面对飞速发展的因特网及其后爆发的com经济泡沫，市场营销人员总会问：“接下来会是什么？”我们将试图依照传统营销惯例，通过对成功的网络营销战略进行详细而系统的说明。
1什么是网络营销
网络营销通过对信息技术的广泛应用，达到以下目标：第一，通过更为有效的市场细分、目标定位、差异化、渠道策略等方式，转换营销战略，为顾客创造更大价值；第二对网络营销理念、分销策略、促销策略、产品价格、服务及创意等进行更为有效的规划和实施；第三，创造满足个人和组织客户需求的交易。
这个定义听上去与传统营销的定义非常类似。从另一个方面，可以把网络营销看做是信息技术应用于传统营销的结果，网络营销从以下两方面营销传统营销：首先网络营销提高了传统营销的效率；其次网络营销技术的应用使得很多营销战略发生变化。这种改变带来了新的业务模式，使顾客价值得以提升，并能提供公司收益。
2环境、战略和实施
网络营销源于企业电子业务的总体战略以及企业所选择的业务模式，从企业所选择的业务环境开始，法律、技术、竞争、市场及其他企业外部环境因素在为企业创造机会的同时，也带来了威胁。面对这些机会和威胁，企业通过SWOT 分析来发现自己的优势和劣势，并制定出电子业务和网络营销战略。公司选择适合自己的电子业务和模式，营销人员对战略进行阐述，并制定出网络营销计划，帮助公司实现其总体目标，最后要通过评估结果确定战略计划是否成功，功能规阵是对电子业务和网络营销的实施效果和效率进行评估的具体方法，站在当前的电子业务时代，媒体报道是评价指标似乎都是ROI及功能矩阵模型中强调的电子业务战略战术的其他成功评论方法，此时，功能矩阵尤显重要。
如果去点一些电子，ESP模型描述的就是砖块加砂浆的业务流程。这一点更加强调了电子业务是建立在合理的流程和丰富的实践基础之上的，但重要的是发生了电子化转变和网络营销实践，这将进一进行步讨论。
主要将对EPS模型中的环境因素进行讨论说明，其中的重要因素将在技术杠杆和道德和法律问题做进一步阐述。下一节将深入分析战略内容，之后将讨论网络营销计划的制定。
营销环境始终处于不断变化的状态，公司有大量的机会通过开发新产新市场、新媒介与客户沟通，通过开拓新的渠道与商业伙伴合作。同时，环境的变化也会形成竞争，带来经济户其他方面的压力。下面主要将法律、环境因素等。
网路营销会受到现有法律和正在制定的法律的重大影响，其中主要涉及保密性、数字所有权、表述形式和欺诈方面的法律，保密性方面的立法比较困难，但这对于英特网传输个人信息的消费者又十分重要电子邮件的选择退出功能就是一个麻烦问题，用户必须点击网页上的选择退出复选框才能避免被加入该公司的邮件列表，一些立法者认为，供公司这样做不合法，因为很少有客户注意阅读时的选择退出，因特网产生的早期就出现了数字所有权问题，现在这个问题仍然使企业和立法者感到困惑。在能够自由发布的内容的媒介上，内容也能被自由的删除这对于作者来说不是一件好事。垃圾邮件攻击性内容以及其他违背用户权利的表述形式成为立法者只能跪在探讨对的问题。政府如何在此之间保持平衡，最后，心技术的产生也带来了心得欺诈机会。虽然管理机构一直在努力防止欺诈，但是难以在网络世界实施。技术的发展不仅改变了网络受众的组成成分而且使传递到用户的信息质量发生变化。例如，20%的美国人喜欢高宽带连接，主要通过电缆调节器和数字技术接入因特网，她主要是传递信息媒体，一些WEB网站已经开始介入新形式的信息内容“高速多媒体信息，标准PC产品信息和用于移动电话等无线设备的掌上产品信息。无线设备应用的扩大还带来了新的设计上的挑战：公
司试图将信息内容压缩到微小的屏幕中，技术的重要性与国家的发展息息相关。网络营销是通过网络技术的提高而发展的。例如，根据在线确定目标客户已变得越来越复杂，如能将这些结合到WEB得站点中，将会给公司带来明显的竞争优势。
3电子商务市场
可口可乐公司全球经销总监瑟尔资奥斯曼测曾说过：营销就是要把东西卖出去信息技术有助于销售的一种途径是：在交易前后，使公司与潜在客户、客户合作伙伴及供应链成员之间的联系更加便利，但如果营销者没有进行恰当市场定位，即使有新技术也无法帮助销售商品。相互间存在买卖关系的三方：企业消费者和政府。尽管是以B2C为重点，涵盖B2B，但大多电子商务活动将出现B2G,C2C商场中。
由于公司链到因特网的你离高于消费者，因此，企业市场更为庞大，这一点在发展中国家尤为明显。由于许多现在交易包含明显共享信息和数据库转悠网络，因此消费者是透明的。美国联邦快递公司拥有一个商业客户货运数据和账务的庞大信息库。消费者可以在WEB站点上制定包裹，利用PC等掌上电脑跟踪包裹，有时消费者在联邦快递消费购买时，可以自动产生订单，随后公司通过邮件通知零售商，告知货运进展情况。
因特网是一个全球性的市场，在许多未知领域存在大量机会，这也是众多网络营销商想要掌握潜在地域细分客户的原因，例如在越南，城市年均收入300美元，按28%的薪水用于在线服务计算，购买力不高，而且，越南人都在排队等待购买汽车，因此在线品牌战略很可能是一种资源浪费，与之相反，冰岛和丹麦属于世界上网络连通最发达的国家，连接因特网的比例超过60%，而许多国家的消费者还在按分钟向网络支付话费，这对于偶尔上网冲浪的发达地区客户是一个巨大的障碍，此外，一些国家的基础设施尚不能支付高度调节器，因此发送到这些国家的信息只能少量的利宽带。
4战略规划
战略规划是在组织的目标技术资源以及不断变化的市场机会之间发展并维护一个可行方式的管理过程，战略规划的两个基本要素是准备SWOT分析和建立战略目标。Swot分析根据公司所处的环境和竞争程度审查了企业内部的有事和劣势，并且看到了企业外部的机会和威胁，机会可以帮助企业明确市场定位或验证新产品的时机，而威胁是暴露出来的部分。
类似的，当营销人员利用数字技术实施战略时，营销战略就变成了网络营
E---MARKETING (From:E--Marketing by Judy Strauss,Adel El--Ansary,Raymond Frost---3rd ed.1999 by Pearson Education pp .G4-G25.) As the growth of https://www.doczj.com/doc/0116394655.html, shows, some marketing principles never change.Markets always welcome an innovative new product, even in a crowded field of competitors ,as long as it provides customer value.Also,Google`s success shows that customers trust good brands and that well-crafted marketing mix strategies can be effective in helping newcomers enter crowded markets. Nevertheless, organizations are scrambling to determine how they can use information technology profitably and to understand what technology means for their business strategies. Marketers want to know which of their time-ested concepts will be enhanced by the Internet, databases,wireless mobile devices, and other technologies. The rapid growth of the Internet and subsequent bursting of the dot-com bubble has marketers wondering,"What next?" This article attempts to answer these questions through careful and systematic examination of successful e-mar-keting strategies in light of proven traditional marketing practices. （Sales Promotion;E--Marketing；Internet；Strategic Planning ） 1.What is E--Marketing E--Marketing is the application of a broad range of information technologies for: Transforming marketing strategies to create more customer value through more effective segmentation ,and positioning strategies；More efficiently planning and executing the conception, distribution promotion,and pricing of goods,services,and ideas;andCreating exchanges that satisfy individual consumer and organizational customers` objectives. This definition sounds a lot like the definition of traditional marketing. Another way to view it is that e-marketing is the result of information technology applied to traditional marketing. E-marketing affects traditional marketing in two ways. First,it increases efficiency in traditional marketing strategies.The transformation results in new business models that add customer value and/or increase company profitability.
【网络营销】淘宝店铺网络营销策划一．市场分析 1.消费者随着社会经济、文化的飞跃进展，人们日益注重时尚元素的把握和追求个性魅力的张扬。而随着人们的工作学习日益繁忙，越来越多的人舍弃了上街消费，选择了网上购物，以求找到更加物美价廉的商品。 2.销售者我们的使命是“没有淘不到的珍宝，没有卖不出的珍宝”。 淘宝网，亚洲最大网络零售商圈，致力于打造全球首选网络零售商圈，由阿里巴巴集团于2003年5月10日投资创办。淘宝网目前业务跨过C2C（个人对个人）、B2C（商家对个人）两大部分。 截至2008年一季度，淘宝网注册会员超6200万人，覆盖了中国绝大部分网购人群；2008年一季度，淘宝网交易额突破188亿；2007年全年成交额突破433亿。 按照2007年第三方权威机构调研，淘宝网占据中国网购市场70％以上市场份额，C2C市场占据80%以上市场份额。 淘宝网倡导诚信、爽朗、高效的网络交易文化，坚持“宝可不淘，信不能弃。”（金庸） 在为淘宝会员打造更安全高效的网络交易平台的同时，淘宝网也全心营造和倡导互帮互助、轻松爽朗的家庭式氛围。每位在淘宝网进行交易的人，不但交易更迅速高效，而且交到更多朋友。 二．经营理念及模式 1．经营理念：“没有最好只有更好”，一切以消费者为中心，打造消费者心中最完美，最贴心的淘宝店铺 2．模式：一对一，一对多的销售模式，实现透亮经营 3．目标：要紧顾客范畴在15·50岁的中高等收入人群 三．销售方案 1．预备时期 1》店铺取名1)简洁通俗2)独树一帜3)与自己的经营商品有关 4)用字吉祥
2》店铺装修店铺好看才有人看，这是必定的，只有装修的漂亮才能有人喜爱看。除了美观外,还便于对信息进行分类,方便用户查看。 1）、有一定ps基础的人和懂网页设计的能够考虑自己装修，同时网上也有有关教程，也可到百度里搜下。 3》查找货源1）.服装品牌加盟店。这比较简单，选准了某个品牌，只需要在某个品牌厂家或是总代理那儿去进货，选货就能够了。 2）.多品牌服装经营，或是做杂牌，就要亲自去进一手货源。一样是在国内要紧的服装生产地或要紧集散地去进货。常见的是广州，杭州，武汉，福建，温州等地(具体就不写了，论坛和网络上有许多介绍，大伙儿能够参考)。在这些地点一样都能够一次搞定开家服装小店的货如果在中等都市，或是小都市(集镇)开店，就不必去那些地点，因为进货量不大，又进得比较频繁，去一次费用太高。(建议在每季开始时去一趟，目的要紧是了解流行趋势)能够在各省的大型批发市场进货，价格高不了多少，比去一次远门更划算。和当地的批发商搞好关系对小店的经营大有好处。譬如能够调货，换货甚至退货，享有专门多优待条件。别人是批发商，对流行趋势的把握，规避风险，资金，眼光都比你好，借别人的聪慧也是好方法之一。 3）.进多少服装合适？一样来讲，要有二手资金，一是进货资金，二是补货资金，还要预备有点结余，以万一部分货压住，对小的零售店而言，一个色，一个码进一到二件(套)就能够了。 4）.一业为主，兼顾其他。是专门多做杂牌店的经营方法。连带产品不要忽视，有时能够收到意想不到的好成效。 5）.躲开和邻近同类店竞争，实行错位经营。不要看到别人什么货号卖就去跟风，如此是万不可取的。 6）.一样来讲，进货应舍近求远，舍易求难，谁都能进得到的货一样来讲不行卖。 2.店铺营销
零售企业营销策略中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)
译文： 零售企业的营销策略 Philip Kotlor 今天的零售商为了招徕和挽留顾客，急欲寻找新的营销策略。过去，他们挽留顾客的方法是销售特别的或独特的花色品种，提供比竞争对手更多更好的服务提供商店信用卡是顾客能赊购商品。可是，现在这一切都已变得面目全非了。现在，诸如卡尔文·克连，依佐和李维等全国性品牌，不仅在大多数百货公司及其专营店可以看到，并且也可以在大型综合商场和折扣商店可以买到。全国性品牌的生产商为全力扩大销售量，它们将贴有品牌的商品到处销售。结果是零售商店的面貌越来越相似。 在服务项目上的分工差异在逐渐缩小。许多百货公司削减了服务项目，而许多折扣商店却增加了服务项目。顾客变成了精明的采购员，对价格更加敏感。他们看不出有什么道理要为相同的品牌付出更多的钱，特别是当服务的差别不大或微不足道时。由于银行信用卡越来越被所有的商家接受，他们觉得不必从每个商店赊购商品。 百货商店面对着日益增加的价格的折扣店和专业商店的竞争，准备东山再起。历史上居于市中心的许多商店在郊区购物中心开设分店，那里有宽敞的停车场，购买者来自人口增长较快并且有较高收入的地区。其他一些则对其商店形式进行改变，有些则试用邮购盒电话订货的方法。超级市场面对的是超级商店的竞争，它们开始扩大店面，经营大量的品种繁多的商品和提高设备等级，超级市场还增加了它们的促销预算，大量转向私人品牌，从而增加盈利。 现在，我们讨论零售商在目标市场、产品品种和采办、服务以及商店气氛、定价、促销和销售地点等方面的营销策略。 一、目标市场 零售商最重要的决策时确定目标市场。当确定目标市场并且勾勒出轮廓时，零售商才能对产品分配、商店装饰、广告词和广告媒体、价格水平等作出一致的决定。如沃尔玛的目标市场相当明确：
奕福茶叶网络营销策划书 一、前言 随着计算机网络技术的飞速发展，电子商务作为网络技术的一种重要应用以不争的事实席卷了全球每一个角落的每一个行业。电子商务的崛起，改变了许多企业传统经营的模式，也促生了许多商业模式和新型企业。其发展已成为一般无法阻挡的历史潮流，而如何增加网上商城平台的商户数量也逐渐走入人们的脑海中。 而目前该公司的营销模式主要处于原始的传统营销方式，即现有产品再找顾客。而且效率低，而网络营销推广则是弥补这一缺点的方法，它提供一个买卖双方互相了解的大平台，有利于双方的交流。提高了工作效率，降低了成本，扩大了市场，给企业带来社会效益和经济效益。相对于传统营销，网络营销具有国际化、信息化和无纸化，已经成为各国营销发展的趋势。因而，我们可以充分利用网络营销迅速的推广我们的产品及品牌。 二、网络营销环境分析 1.市场环境分析 我国作为茶叶的故乡，有着悠久的种茶、饮茶历史和深厚的茶文化传统，而且目前我国的茶园面积世界第一，茶叶产量居世界第二，茶叶因此被称为“国饮”，但是茶叶的市场价值尚未被完全挖掘出来，这使得我国的茶叶生产在国内和国际两个市场均处于一种比较尴尬的境地。 2.网店形象分析 奕福茶叶网店是一家专卖安溪铁观音的网店，该网店已签署了《消费者保障服务协议》，该店铺宝贝描述评分及发货速度评分与同行业相比高100%，服务态度
评分比同行业相比高82.20%。该网店好评率100%，宝贝数量54，搜藏人气65。该网店本月单项宝贝销售最多为4笔，销量较少，其最新资讯没有及时更新，目前已是秋茶销售的季节，最新资讯是2011年春茶正式上市。奕福茶叶网店首页商品较多，比较杂乱。该网店保证正宗口感、实惠，信誉极好，用心服务。
顾客满意策略与顾客满意营销 原文来源：《Marketing Customer Satisfaction 》自20世纪八十年代末以来, 顾客满意战略已日益成为各国企业占有更多的顾客份额, 获得竞争优势的整体经营手段。 一、顾客满意策略是现代企业获得顾客“货币选票”的法宝随着时代的变迁, 社会物质财富的极大充裕, 顾客中的主体———消费者的需求也先后跨越了物质缺乏的时代、追求数量的时代、追求品质的时代, 到了20世纪八十年代末进入了情感消费时代。在我国, 随着经济的高速发展,我们也已迅速跨越了物质缺乏时代、追求数量的时代乃至追求品质的时代, 到今天也逐步迈进情感消费时代。在情感消费时代, 各企业的同类产品早已达到同时、同质、同能、同价, 消费者追求的已不再是质量、功能和价格, 而是舒适、便利、安全、安心、速度、跃动、环保、清洁、愉快、有趣等,消费者日益关注的是产品能否为自己的生活带来活力、充实、舒适、美感和精神文化品位, 以及超越消费者期望值的售前、售中、售后服务和咨询。也就是说, 今天人们所追求的是具有“心的满足感和充实感”的商品, 是高附加值的商品和服务,追求价值观和意识多元化、个性化和无形的满足感的时代已经来临。 与消费者价值追求变化相适应的企业间的竞争, 也由产品竞争、价格竞争、技术竞争、广告竞争、品牌竞争发展到现今的形象竞争、信誉竞争、文化竞争和服务竞争, 即顾客满意竞争。这种竞争是企业在广角度、宽领域的时空范围内展开的高层次、体现综合实力的竞争。它包括组织创新力、技术创新力、管理创新力、产业预见力、产品研发力、员工向心力、服务顾客力、顾客亲和力、同行认同力、社会贡献力、公关传播沟通力、企业文化推动力、环境适应力等等。这些综合形象力和如何合成综合持久的竞争力, 这就是CSft略所要解决的问题。CS寸代,企业不再以“自己为中心”,而是以“顾客为中心”；“顾客为尊”、“顾客满意”不再是流于形式的口号, 而是以实实在在的行动为基础的企业经营的一门新哲学。企业不再以质量达标, 自己满意为经营理念, 而是以顾客满意, 赢得顾客高忠诚度为经营理念。企业经营策略的焦点不再以争取或保持市场占有率为主, 而是以争取顾客满意为经营理念。因此, 营销策略的重心不再放在竞争对手身上而是放在顾客身上, 放在顾客现实的、潜在的需求上。当企业提供的产品和服务达到了顾客事先的期望值, 顾客就基本满意；如果远远超越顾客的期望值, 且远远高于其他同行, 顾客才真正满意；如果企业能不断地或长久地令顾客满意, 顾客就会忠诚。忠诚的顾客不仅会经常性地重复购买, 还会购买企业其它相关的产品或服务；忠诚的顾客不仅会积极向别人推荐他所买的产品, 而且对企业竞争者的促销活动具有免疫能力一个不满意的顾客会将不满意告诉16-20个人, 而每一个被告知者会再传播给12-15个人。这样, 一个不满意者会影响到二、三百人。在互联网普及的今天, 其影响则更大。据美国汽车业的调查, 一个满意者会引发8笔潜在的生意, 其中至少有一笔会成交。而另一项调查表明, 企业每增加5%的忠诚顾客, 利润就会增长25%-95%。一个企业的80%的利润来自20%的忠诚顾客；而获取一个新顾客的成本是维持一个老顾客成本的6倍。所以,美国著名学者唐?佩 珀斯指出: 决定一个企业成功与否的关键不是市场份额, 而是在于顾客份额。 于是, 企业纷纷通过广泛细致的市场调研、与消费者直接接触、顾客信息反馈等方式来了解顾客在各方面的现实需求和潜在需求。依靠对企业满意忠诚的销售、服务人员, 定期、定量地对顾客满意度进行综合测定, 以便准确地把握企业经营中与“顾客满意” 目标的差距及其重点领域, 从而进一步改善企业的经营活动。依靠高亲和力的企业文化、高效率的人文管理和全员共同努力, 不断地向顾客提供高附加值的产品, 高水准的亲情般的服
互联网网络营销外文文献翻译 (含：英文原文及中文译文) 文献出处：Peter Kenzelmann. Technical Consultancy in Internationalization[J]. International Marketing Review, 2006, 4(3):20-29. 英文原文 The technical basis of network marketing Peter Kenzelmann Network marketing is based on the technology infrastructure of computer network technology, as represented by information technology. Computer networks of modern communications technology and computer technology to the product of combining it in different geographic regions and specialized computer equipment for external interconnection lines of communication into a large, powerful networks, thus enabling a large number of computers can easily transmit information to each other, share hardware, software, data and other resources. And network marketing is closely related to the computer network there are three types: the Internet, Extranet and Intranet. The theoretical basis for the network marketing Theoretical foundation of network marketing is direct marketing network theory, network theory of relationship marketing, marketing theory and network software to integrate marketing theory. (A) Direct Response Network Marketing Theory
外文翻译 原文 Marketing Material Source：Marketing Management Author：Philip Kotler Marketing Channels To reach a target market, the marketer uses three kinds of marketing channels. Communication channels deliver messages to and receive messages from target buyers. They include newspapers, magazines, radio, television, mail, telephone, billboards, posters, fliers, CDs, audiotapes, and the Internet. Beyond these, communications are conveyed by facial expressions and clothing, the look of retail stores, and many other media. Marketers are increasingly adding dialogue channels (e-mail and toll-free numbers) to counterbalance the more normal monologue channels (such as ads). The marketer uses distribution channels to display or deliver the physical product or service to the buyer or user. There are physical distribution channels and service distribution channels, which include warehouses, transportation vehicles, and various trade channels such as distributors, wholesalers, and retailers. The marketer also uses selling channels to effect transactions with potential buyers. Selling channels include not only the distributors and retailers but also the banks and insurance companies that facilitate transactions. Marketers clearly face a design problem in choosing the best mix of communication, distribution, and selling channels for their offerings. Supply Chain Whereas marketing channels connect the marketer to the target buyers, the supply chain describes a longer channel stretching from raw materials to components to final products that are carried to final buyers. For example, the supply chain for women’s purses starts with hides, tanning operations, cutting operations, manufacturing, and the marketing channels that bring products to customers. This supply chain represents a value delivery system. Each company captures only a certain percentage of the total value generated by the supply chain. When a company acquires competitors or moves upstream or downstream, its aim is
个人淘宝网店网络营销策划书 61031p26章影
关键词：客源物流B2C C2C 摘要：个人淘宝网店是电子商务发展到高峰的产物，前景必定辉煌。但 是，面对高端的挑战和竞争，淘宝网店必须完善自身。着眼于目标市场， 开拓潜在市场，优化利用推广方式，发挥自身最大优势。 一、网店项目介绍 网店不同于公司网站，填补了互联网个人终端零售业务的空白，避免了资源浪费，自由度和延展性都得到了大大的提高。 如今网店购买已经普及到乐于接受新事物、开放生活的各类人群里，增强了人们的眼界。由于中国绝大多数民众迈入互联网的时间跨度不尽相同，所以对互联网的理解深度也不尽一致。互联网对于绝大多数中国人来言无非是一项虚拟交际的平台，更单纯者则形象的称之为另一个虚拟世界。
由于互联网监管性存在的诸多纰漏，也使得互联网交易的普及化进程十分缓慢，平台自身作为第三方监管人不具备行政权力，阻隔降低了网络交易的安全性。 网店是作为网络交易的主要行使工具和媒介，所涉及到的个人 纠纷所造成地社会不利影响更容易被放大。 二、淘宝网店开展的SWOT分析 优势：1. 开店成本以及运营费用低 2. 店铺风格多变 3. 网店的覆盖面广，您面对的顾客是全国甚至是 4. 网店时效性好，方便、快捷 5.交易方式稳妥，尤其是一些商品，完全可以做到先使用后付款， 退货也非常的方便 6.对于顾客而言，私密性强，尤其是一些敏感商品 7.商家信誉，一眼便知 劣势 1. 货物表达方式无法直观、生动，不真实 2. 物流问题多，运输途中发生各种情况 3. 客源不稳定 4. 网络安全问题 5. 信誉的评定，不利于新人新店的发展 机遇：首先，C2C卖家成长开始趋向成熟，管理能力也逐渐增强。较早一批进入C2C领域的卖家逐渐成熟，销售逐步形成规模，从采购、客服、资金管理、物流都逐渐形成体系，有不少卖家已经成为专职卖家，更有一些eBay易趣、
Relationship marketing and service marketing: convergence point of Culture Department of value creation ABSTRACT Using the relationship paradigm as a theoretical framework, a management model for cultural services (relationship marketing of cultural organizations) is proposed, what is an unprecedented contribution in the marketing field. By combining two convergent perspectives–as relationship marketing and services marketing–, the model is structured on the basis of two large types of relationships in the management of a cultural organization: instrumental relationships and group relationships. The paper is an in-depth study of relationships regarding performing arts audience. A theoretical/empirical approach was applied, including face to face interviews to 1005 performing arts consumers and telephone interviews to a sample of 2005 individuals in Spain. Keywords: Cultural marketing erforming arts services relationship marketing 1. INTRODUCTION: The most recent literature on marketing management is demonstrating a revolutionary change in both form and content, which, undoubtedly, will result in several research projects in the short term aimed at shedding some light on this dilemma. Traditional management models and paradigms do not adapt to the requirements of new products, as there are more and more exceptions and questions on the models developed so far (Lovelock and Gummesson, 2004; Vargo and Lush, 2004). In this complex context, this paper aims to make an in-depth study of the field of cultural services management by using two concurrent perspectives –relationship marketing and services marketing–, in order to contribute to the development of the new marketing domain: cultural marketing (Kotler, 2005). This is a field still in its development phase, but has probably found, with these new trends, the right moment to grow and develop management structures and models that meet its particular requirements. From the very beginning, contributions made to the cultural sector by the marketing discipline have been very diverse. However, although they seem to have come to a consensus
文献出处：Guzzo T, D’Andrea A, Ferri F, et al. Evolution of Marketing Strategies: From Internet Marketing to M-Marketing[C]//On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2012 Workshops. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012: 627-636. 原文 Evolution of Marketing Strategies:From Internet Marketing to M-Marketing Tiziana Guzzo, Alessia D’Andrea, Fernando Ferri, and Patrizia Grifoni 1 Introduction Marketing is “the process which creates, communicates, delivers the value to the consumers, and maintains the relationship with consumers. It generates the strategy that underlies sales techniques, business communication, and business developments. It is “an integrated process through which companies build strong consumers relationships and create value for their consumers and for themselves” Marketing strategies have a long history and mainly interested economists and sociologists. The wide use of Internet, pervasiveness of social networks and the evolution of mobile devise are implying a wider involvement of interdisciplinary competences enlarging the interest toward ICT competences. This paper is to describe the evolution of marketing strategies from the advent of the Web (Internet Marketing) - through the advent of Social Networks (Marketing 2.0) - to the evolution of Mobile Social Networks (M-marketing). In particular, the paper analyses the use that Italian people make of mobile devices and the user perception and acceptance of M-marketing.
附件1：外文资料翻译译文 营销策略 内容提要：为了组织的销售能是成功的，它需要根据一个营销策略计划来帮助保证其努力的目标和宗旨与市场的需要想吻合。营销策略审查市场以确定潜在顾客的需要，竞争者的战略和市场地位，并且尝试制定出一套能使组织在市场上获取或维护竞争优势的相关战略。有一些因素会对营销策略计划的发展造成冲击性的影响，它包括内部因素例如组织的财产、技能和组织文化，外在因素例如各种各样的市场驱动者、市场或产业运作方式、战略窗口和竞争的本质。一个优选的营销策略计划也需具备一套意外情况防备策略以应对市场治理及组织生产能力的不确定性。 关键词：竞争优势竞争策略市场地位市场份额营销销售计划组织文化营销策略 营销策略简述 无论组织的产品或服务多么好，除非它们的价值能被传达给潜在的顾客，否则组织依然无法实现它的使命。这种传达和交流是组织内市场营销功能的职责。根据美国市场协会，营销是“一个组织效能和一套创造过程、交流和传达产品价值给顾客、处理与顾客关系的有益于组织和它的利益共享者的方式”。营销作用包括相辅相成的两方面。营销策略在市场上审查市场来确定潜在顾客和竞争者本质的需要，并且试图开发出在市场上将使组织获取或维护竞争优势的战略。操作的营销被建立在营销策略作用和贯彻各种各样的计划和策略(包括适当的混合营销的发展)吸引顾客和促进顾客忠实的基础之上的。 产品和服务营销的方法 有很多的方式能用来销售你的产品或服务包括做广告，直接响应、推销活动和宣传。然而，除非你能了解顾客、市场和产业的需要并且竞争的优势和劣势，否则这些方法是不太可能成功的。营销策略帮助一个组织尖化它的焦点和在市场顺利地竞争。营销策略与二个组分有关：目标市场和用最佳的方式传达你的产品价值或服务到那个市场。一个可实行的销售方针的发展取决于几个关键维度。首先，与组织之内的所有全球性战略一样，一个成功的销售方针需要由在组织之内的最高管理层
新媒体营销外文翻译文献 (文档含英文原文和中文翻译) 译文: 研究微博中承诺和信用对消费者行为倾向的影响 ——基于关系营销的角度 摘要：本研究的目的是探索消费者对企业通过微博进行关系营销的观点。这项研究是以承诺-信用理论以及消费者对企业微博形象、承诺、信用、满意度和社群意识对消费者的行为倾向的研究为基础的。这项研究的成果可以成为企业利用微博进行关系营销的准则。这项研究显示消费者的满意度对承诺、信用、社群意识和消费者的行为倾向具有积极影响。企业形象对承诺和信用的影响是成立的，但对行为倾向的影响需须经由承诺和信用产生中介效果。信用对承诺和社群意识的影响是存在的，但是对行为倾向的影响须经由承诺和社群意识产生中介效果。最后，承诺和社群意识对行为倾向的影响是成立的。 关键词：微博、关系营销、满意度、企业形象、承诺、信用、社群意识、行为倾向 1、引言 当我们在新的经济时代面临着现今的商业环境时，许多企业在短时间内就变成了一个以顾客为中心的企业。为了提高竞争力，企业必须了解他们的顾客，了解顾客的需求，并且通过专项服务满足顾客的需求。随着技术时代环境的改变，企业已经通过信息系统与客
户建立了关系。随着顾客上网历史的增加，企业可以提供给他们更多的产品信息并且在第一时间获得顾客的回复。通过这种方法，客户服务的成本可以降低；企业与客户的关系可以变得稳定；企业与客户之间可以建立更多的联系；企业与客户之间的沟通可以个性化。 基于格朗鲁斯的研究，他认为关系营销意味着企业通过发展、维护和提高与顾客的关系来达到企业的目的。越来越多的企业发展其吸引力来构建自己的形象以留住和吸引新的顾客。因此，一个企业的专业性和企业形象的构建对企业来说是很重要的。一个公司是否可以提供服务或产品以满足客户的需求影响着客户对企业的信任和忠诚度。 基于Web2.0大流行，大众媒体已经覆盖了许多拥有新颖、有趣故事的网站，吸引了更多的公众关注互联网。这些问题对因特网的常用用户来说都不是问题。因特网发展很迅速。近来微博服务供应商例如Facebook、Twitter和Plurk是新闻的热点话题，已经聚集了大量用户。根据市场研究公司的成员尼尔森最近的一份报告，在2008年二月到2009年二月间，Twitter是用户增长速度最快的一个社交网站（从475000个用户到17600000个用户）。它的绝对访客增长率在美国是1382%。在2009年五月，全国用户数量达到37300000，这是一个令人吃惊的数据。博客用户一直在讨论是否微博可以取代博客。因特网用户最关注的是微博是否可以缩短他们与朋友们之间的距离，是否可以帮助他们交到新朋友。然而，商人们最关注的是微博是否可以替代博客变为一个新的营销武器。 博客营销是指不仅让因特网用户变的亲密，也是指需要“可信的”网络发言人的赞语。博客成为值得信赖的网络发言人是由于他们长时间在某些话题上努力花费时间。通过写文章，他们在互联网用户的心中构建了“大师”的形象。结果，即使他们的一个“好”字也对有科技非常强大的影响力。这就是博客营销的有效性。博客的权利：检查实际操作者在博客上的使用对公共关系产生的影响。 对于微博，我们可以在Twitter上看到谷歌。在谷歌在Twitter上的账户建立后，立马就有16000个追随者。现在谷歌在Twitter上的追随者有1670000人。这意味着谷歌每在Twitter上发表一条新闻，1760000个人在下一秒将在互联网或手机短信上被通知。这种传播新闻的速度和范围是令人吃惊的。 再来说说戴尔，一个主要的国际电脑制造商，例如，通过微博的能力来提供信息，特别提供了可以通过短信迅速传递给所有微博用户信息的功能。因为价钱很合理，许多用户已经立即决定变成戴尔的追随者。并且戴尔继续提供给追随者们更多的第一手优惠券。结果，通过微博达到的总订单金额已经达到了新台币100000000元。通过微博，消息可以更加迅速地传递给互联网用户。然而，这并不意味着任何一种营销信息都可以通过微博随意
本科生毕业设计（论文）外文翻译 学院：商贸学院 学号： 120134030 专业班级：市场营销1301班 学生姓名：宫超 指导教师：赵丹 年月日 Marketing Channels and Value Networks Most producers do not sell their goods directly to the final users between them stands a set of intermediaries performing a variety of functions. These intermediaries constitute a marketing channel also called a trade channel or distribution channel .Formally marketing channels are sets of interdependent organizations involved in the process of making a product or service available for use or consumption. They are the set of pathways a product or service follows after production culminating in purchase and use by the final end user. Some intermediaries-such as wholesalers and retailers-buy take title to and resell the merchandise they are called merchants. Others-brokers manufacturer’s representatives sales agents-search for customers and may negotiate on the producers behalf but do not take title to the goods they are called agents. Still others-transportation companies independent warehouses banks advertising agencies-assist in the distribution process but neither take title to goods nor negotiate purchases or sales they are called facilitators. The Importance of Channels A marketing channel system is the particular set of marketing channels a firm employs and decisions about it are among the most critical ones management
淘宝营销策略 一、网络消费者心理因素分析 传统营销学所提供的理论认为：一个人的购买选择受到四种主要心理因素的影响。它们是动机、知觉、学习、信念和态度。在分析网络购买者的心理因素时也应当从这四方面这手。 1、马斯洛需求层次理论在网络需求分析中的应用 （1）生理的需求 作为一种先进的购物方法，网络购物目前尚不普及，且购物者需要一定的设备条件，如计算机、互联网等。能够上网购物的人多数已经解决了基本生活用品的购买问题，因此，他们的注意力往往不在这一层次需求中。 （2）安全的需求 众多网络购买者大多数是中青年，具有较高的分析能力。他们是在反复比较各个在线商场的商品之后才做出的，他们对所要购买商品的特点、性能和使用方法，早已心中有数，因此，较少受到外界气氛的影响。理智购买动机的最大特点就是安全，其次是具有客观、周密和易于控制的特点。在理智购买动机的驱使下，网络消费者首先注意的是商品的先进性、科学性和质量的好坏，一句话，就是强调购买的安全性。 （3）社交的需求 人们的感情能引起人们的购买动机。如果这是一种因为人们的道德感、美感、群体感所引起的高级形态感情购买动机，那么这种购买就具体有较大的稳定性。 由于在线商场提供异地买卖送货的业务，因而大推进了这类商品的购买动机的形成。 （4）尊重的需求 自我表现、尊重与受人尊重。 （5）实现的需求 在这个网络虚拟市场活动的商家应提供更多更好的信息服务，为人们创造更广阔的就业空间，为你创业创造充分发展的市场机遇。 2、虚拟社会中消费者需求的新特点 网络消费本身是一种高级消费形式，但就其消费内容来说，仍然可以分为由低级到高级的不同层次。在网络消费的开始阶段，消费者侧重于精神产品的 消费，如在网络书店购书等。到了成熟阶段，消费者在完全掌握了网络消费的 规律和操作，并且对网络购物有了一定的信任感后，消费者才会从侧重于精神 消费品的购买转向日用消费者品的购买。 网络冲浪者大部分是具有超前意识的年轻人，他们对新事物反应灵敏，没有旧框框，接受速度很快。电子商务构造了一个世界性的虚拟大市场，在这个市场中，最先进的产品和最时髦的商品会以最快的速度与消费者见面。具有创新意识的网络消费者必然很快接受这些新的商品（包括国内的和国外的），从而带动周围消费层新的一轮消费热潮。从事网络营销的店铺应当充分发挥自身的优势，采用多种方法，启发、刺激网络消费者的新的需求，唤起他们的购买兴趣，诱导网络消费者将潜在的需求转变为现实的需求。 3、据调查人们会更多地注意以下几方面的刺激物： （1）人们会多地注意那些与当前需要有关的刺激物。