第七讲句法特定结构及其他语法现象_主谓一致
主谓一致（一）
“一致”（concord或agreement ）指句子成分之间或词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。在英语中主要关系是主语和谓语动词之间数的一致。但最主要的还是主语和谓语的一致。主谓一致是主语和谓语动词在“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系，这又叫做“主动一致”即Subject + verb + concord，主语和随后的动词词组（即谓语动词）之间的一致关系有三种不同的指导原则：
（1）语法一致原则（Grammatical concord）
主语和谓语动词之间的一致关系主要表现在“数”的形式上，即用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单复形式上的一致。如果名词中心词是复数，动词就该用复数形式；如果名词中心词不是复数而是单数名词或不可数名词，动词便用单数形式。这种一致关系叫做语法一致。如：Both boys have their own merits.
Each boy has his owe book .
（2）意义一致原则（Notional concord）
主语和谓语的一致关系并非取决于语法上的单复数关系形式，还取决于主语的单复数意义，比如有时主语在语法形式上并非复数，但有复数意义，随后的使用复数。反之，主语在语法形式上是复数而在意义上可视为单数，随后的动词也用单数。这种一致关系叫意义一致。如：The government have asked the country to decide by a vote.
Fifty-six dollars was stolen from the cash register.
（3）就近原则（Principle of proximity）
就近原则就是句子的谓语动词的人称和数往往和最近的词或短语保持一致。如：Only one out of five were present.
No one except his own supporters agree with him.
Neither the actors nor the play appeals to any one.
主谓一致（二）
三种不同的指导原则并非绝对，在实际使用中会受习惯用法和不同语体，语域的制约
1）以-s 结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题：
英语可数名词的规则复数形式是在词尾加-s或-es ，但是有一些以-s结尾的名词并非可数名词。它们当中有的作单数用，有的作复数用，有的既可以作单数也可以作复数用。这样就造成实际使用上的困难，因此值得注意。
【1】以-s结尾的疾病名词和游戏名称。
英语中有一些疾病名称是以-s结尾的，如arthritis（关节炎），bronchitis（支气管炎），rickets（软骨病），mumps（腮腺炎），diabetes（糖尿病）等，这类名词通常用作单数用。如：Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.
但也有一些疾病名称即可作单数也可作复数用。如：
Generally measles occurs/occur in children .
表示游戏名称的名词通常作复数用。如：
Darts are not allowed here.
当darts，marbles等用于作这些游戏所用的镖或子弹等意义时，其复数形式仍作复数用。如：There darts are thrown at each turn.
2）以-ics结尾的学科名称，如physics , mathematics, optics, athletics, tactics等，通常作单数用。如：
Physics is an important subject in middle schools.
Acoustics is the science of sound.
但若这类名词表示“学科”以外的其他意义，便可作复数用。
My mathematics 【运算能力】is/are rather shaky.
The acoustics 【音响效果】in the new concert hall are faultless.
The economics 【经济效益】of the project are still being considered.
3）以-s的地理名称
某些以－s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如：United States ，the United Nations 等。尽管带有复数词尾，但系单一政治实体，故作单数用。如：
The United States is a country of people with varied origins.
但若不是国名，而是群岛，山脉，海峡，瀑布等地理名称通常作复数用。如：
The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plant and animal life,
4）其它以-s结尾的名词
英语中有一些由两个部分组成的物体名称通常以-s结尾。如：scissors, pincers, glasses, trousers.若不用“一把”“一副”“一条”等单位词而单独使用，通常作复数形式。如：The sugar-gongs are not in the sugar bowl.
英语中有一些以-s结尾的名词，如archives【档案】, arms【武器】, clothes【衣服】等，通常作复数。但也有少数这类名词单复均可。如：
His whereabouts 【行踪】were/was known only to his personal staff.
The dramatics【舞台艺术】of the performance were/was marvelous,
凡是由-ings结尾的名词如clippings【剪下来得东西】diggings【掘出的东西】earnings 【收入】等通常作复数用。
还有一些以-s结尾的单复数同形的词，如：barracks【营房】，headquarters【总部】，means 【方法，手段】等，随后动词的单复数形式取决于这些名词使用作单数还是复数。
主谓一致（三）
（－）以集合名词作主语的主谓一致问题：
谓语动词的数取决于作主语的集合名词表示的意义，当主语作为一个整体看待时，谓语用单数，若强调其中的各个成员则用复数。如：
My family is not very large. 我家的人不很多。
My family are all sports lover. 我家里人都喜欢体育。
还有一些，如：police, people, cattle, militia, poultry, vermin, army等，通常作复数，用复数动词。
又有一些集体名词，如：foliage, machinery, equipment, furniture等，通常作不可数名词，随后的动词用单数。
还有一些即可作单数也可作复数的名词如：audience, committee, class, crew, family, government, public 等
特殊情况的：如果主语是由a committee of /a parcel of /a (the )board of ＋复数名词，随后的名词通常用单数。如：
A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.
（二）以并列结构作主语的主谓一致问题：
1，由and连接的多个成分，若表示一种事物或一种概念时，用单数动词；若表示的是多个不同概念时，则用复数动词。
The writer and the translator are delivering a speech in our college tonight.
2．若and连接两个并列主语，且后面的名词由相关的副词【not, perhaps, particularly, even, too, likewise, as well 等】修饰则谓语动词形式与and 前面的动词保持一致。因此，此时句子真正的主语应and前面的名词，此时and与前面的名词之间常有逗号隔开。如：
The horse, and not the donkey is used in games of racing’.
3．Or/nor/either…or连接的并列主语，动词形式与其靠近的主语保持一致。即“就近原则”，如:He or I am to go.
Her sister or his brother has a hobby of collecting stamps.
4. Every…and(every)…, each…, and(each)…, any…, and(any)…, no…and(no)…, many a …and (many a)…连接的并列主语，用单数谓语动词。
Every hour and every minute is important.
5．Either…or…, not only…but also…, neither…nor…谓语动词单复数与or, but (also), nor后面的词一致。
Not only the students but also their teacher is required to the meeting.
6．主语＋with, together with , along with , as well as , as much as , including , in addition to , added to , except, besides , rather than , accompanied by ＋另一主语的结构中，谓语动词形式与第一个主语保持一致。如：
Mary, along with her sister, attends the sessions regularly.
（三）以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致。
这类情况较复杂，基本可归纳为：
1，如kind, type , sort, class, species, breed, variety, form, brand, make 等表示类别的名词，总的规律是：句子谓语动词单复数与of前面的名词形式保持一致。如：
This kind of apple is sour. Apples of this kind are sour.
2．A pair of＋复数名词，看作整体用单数谓语动词。
3．the＋最高级＋of＋名词复数＋单数谓语
4．A number of / An average of＋名词复数。用复数动词，强调数量.
A total of / The number of /average of /total of＋名词复数，用单数动词强调整体。
5．A part of ＋{单数名词――单数谓语
复数名词――复数谓语
与此类似的还有:the rest /remainder of , most of , plenty of , 分数（如two-thirds of），百分数＋of等等。它们的谓语动词数依of 后面名词而定，名词为单，则谓语动词为单；
名词为复，则谓语动词为复。
A part of the apple is bad.
A part of the apples are bad.
（四）依名词性分句作主语的主谓一致问题：
以名词性分句作主语，随后的动词通常用单数，但有时也会产生主谓一致的问题。有以下规律可遵循：
1）以名词性wh-分句作主语
由what, who, how, whether等wh－词引导的名词性分句作主语，其后的动词用单数，如：What coursed the accident is a completely mystery.
两个由连接的并列名词性分句作主语，如果主语表示两件事情，动词用复数。如：
What coursed the accident and who was responsible for it remain a mystery to us.
2）以what－分句作主语的主，谓，宾结构在以what－分句作主语的主，谓，宾结构中，如果主语补语是复数名词，主语谓语动词可用复数。如：What was real to him were the details of his life .
如what－分句明显表示复数意义，比如what－分句的动词和补语都是复数，那么主语动词也可用复数。如：What are often regarded as poisonous fungi are sometimes safely edible.
3）以非限定分句作主语以非限定分句（主要是不定式分句和－ing分词分句）作主语。随后的动词通常用单数。如：Incensing their wages has raised the crew’s morale. 以两个由and 连接的并列非限定分句作主语，如果指的是两件事，动词用复数；如果指的是一件事，动词用单数。如；
Reading Ibsen and solving a quadratic equatrom are entirely different assignments.
each, much, one of, many a, everyone, someone, anything 等不定代词做主语时，谓语动词通常用单数：Much has been said……Every boy and girl has died for his honour.
2. any, more, most, part, some Almost two-thirds of the oranges were bad. About two-thirds of the
sugar was split. either …or… or neither…nor…..
Neither she nor I have explained it. Either the girl or the boy has eaten the apples.
4当复数名词表示整体概念时，谓语动词用单数：
Ten kilometers is a long distance. Three meters is about ten feet.
5．当一些复数形式表示单数含义时，谓语动词用单数。当一些单数形式表示复数含义时，谓语动词用复数。 A series of books has been published. Forty per cent of the population are youths. The wages of sin is death. About 450 million people live in India.
6. none, pains and means谓语动词用单数或复数,但句子必须一致：
None of us like (or likes ) to mix with her. None are so deaf as those who are not willing to hear . Considerable pains is endured by parents with teenage children. All possible means of recovering the jewels have been tried.
7.Neither of her parents is a teacher.
从句 从句按其在主句中的句法功能可分为三类: 即名词性从句、形容词性从句(即定语从句)和副词性从句(即状语从句)。 引导从句的词称作关联句. 一、名词性从句 引导这些名词性从句的关联词包括: 从属连词that, if, whether; 连接代词 who,whoever,whom,whomever,which,whichever,what,whatever,wh ose; 连接副词where, when, why, how。 其中, 从属连词只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分, 而连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分. That Owen should have married his cousin is not at all surprising. The fact is that he didn't go to the dinner party. I don't know if he will attend the meeting. Have you heard the news that Mary is going to marry Tom? 你听说玛丽要和汤姆结婚的消息了吗?(that引导同位语从句) [提示]
1. 在含有主语从句的复合句中, 为保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于句末. It's well-known that water is indispensable to life.(形式主语) 2. 为保持句子平衡, that引导的宾语从句也常用it代替, 而将真正的宾语从句置于主句句末。这常常出现在主句有形容词或分词作宾语补足语的情况下。 He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here. 3. 从属连词whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引导主语从句和表语 从句。whether可与or(not)连用, 而if不可以。 I don't know whether (if) she is at home. Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 4. that和what引导名词性从句的区别: that在从句中不充当成分,而what在从句中充当一定的成分, 如主语、表语、宾语等。that可省略, what则不可省。 He always means what he says. She suggested (that) he do it at once. 5. 同位语从句大多由从属连词that引导, 常跟在下列名词后面, 如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省。同位语从句一般用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容。 We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms. The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.
高中语法之三主语和主谓一致 一、概述 句子的主语有单复数及人称的变化，其谓语动词需要根据主语的人称和数的不同而有所变化。即：谓语动词与其主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。 Her dreams have come true. 她的梦想实现了。 Her dream has come true. 她的(一个)梦想实现了。 从以上两个例句可以看出谓语动词随主语的数而变化。 She/He often arrives school late. 她(他)常常上学迟到。 They often arrive school late. 他们常常上学迟到。 You often arrive school late. 你常常上学迟到。 从以上三个例句可以看出谓语动词随主语的人称变化而变化。 I am a teacher. 我是老师。 He/She is a teacher.他（她）是老师。 They are teachers.他们是老师。 It is going to rain.要下雨了。 从以上四个例句可以看出谓语动词be随主语的人称变化而变化。 二、主语与谓语一致所遵循的三个原则 主语的人称，特别是主语的数是决定谓语形式的关键。除第一人称I和第二人称you 之外，单数主语之后的谓语动词用单数形式；复数主语之后的谓语动词用复数形式。主语和谓语动词的一致要遵循下面三个原则： 1、语法上的一致 所谓语法一致原则，即主语和谓语的语法形式在人称和数上取得一致。谓语的单、复数形式依据主语的单、复数形式而定:主语为复数，谓语动词用复数；主语为单数或者是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。 China belongs to the Third World. 中国属于第三世界。 We are sure he will come. 我们肯定他会来。 使用语法一致的情况 （1）当主语是and，both…and连接的并列结构 如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物，则谓语动词用复数。 My mother and I have seen the film. 我妈妈和我已看过这部电影。 Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China. 在中国的这个地方既种稻子又种小麦。 注意：由and连接的并列主语前面分别有each，every，no修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。 Every boy and every girl has to receive education in our country. 在我国每一个男女孩子都得受教育。 No student and no teacher was invited to the party. 师生没有被邀请参加晚会。（2）主语后面接说明主语的修饰语 主语后面接说明主语的修饰语如 with，along with，together with，as well as，like，rather than，but，except，besides，including，in addition to，谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响，仍保持同主语一致的关系。 The teacher with two students was at the meeting. 那位老师和两个学生参加了会议。 The girl as well as the boys has learned to drive a car. 这个姑娘和男孩子一道，也学会了开汽车。 A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.一个
专题练习一 A (2017·山西省大同市灵丘县模拟) The Art of War is an ancient Chinese military book __1__(date) from the 5th century BC.__2__ (write) by the ancient Chinese military strategist Sun Tzu (“Master Sun”，also spelled Sunzi), the book consists of 13 chapters, each of __3__ is devoted to one aspect of warfare. It is__4__ (common) thought of __5__ a great work on military strategy and tactics(战术). It __6__ (place) at the head of China's Seven Military Classics in 1080 by Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty , __7__ it has long been the most influential strategy text in East Asia. It has had__8__ influence on Eastern and Western military thinking, business tactics, legal strategy and beyond. Its first complete English translation was completed and published by Lionel Giles in 1910. __9__ (leader) such as Mao Zedong, General V o Nguyen Giap, General Douglas MacArthur and so on have drawn__10__ (inspire) from the work. 答案与解析 文章介绍了“孙子兵法”这本中国古代杰出的军事作品，以及对后人的影响。 1．dating考查非谓语动词。此处dating from是现在分词短语作定语，修饰book。 2．Written考查非谓语动词。分析句式可知，write和句子主语the book 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式表示被动。 3．which考查关系代词。根据句式可知，此处是一个非限制性
2020届高考英语二轮复习语法填空提升练习动词的时态、语态和主谓 一致 一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式： 1. Since the United Nations declared June 21 the International Day of Yoga in 2014 , many cities in China_______(start)hosting international yoga festivals. 【答案】(现在完成时）have started 【解析】句意：自从联合国在2014年宣布6月21日为国际瑜伽日以来，中国的许多城市已经开始举办国际瑜伽节。此处since(自从……以来）引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时，句子主语cities是复数形式，所以谓语动词也用复数形式。 2. Over the past decade, a global push to reduce hunger and extreme poverty______(mark) some significant successes. 【答案】(现在完成时）has marked 【解析】由时间状语Over the past decade可知，句子表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，故用现在完成时，主语a global push是第三人称单数，谓语动词也用单数形式。 3 . The twins , who _______ ( finish ) their homework , were allowed to play badminton in the playground. 【答案】(过去完成时）had finished 【解析】此处表示这对双胞胎完成作业是在被允许到操场上打羽毛球（过去式）之前，所以完成作业应该使用过去完成时。 4. It is the first time that I______(punish) students. 【答案】(现在完成时）have punished 【解析】考查固定句型中的时态：It/This/That is the first time that sb. has done sth. ;It/This/That was the first time that sb. had done sth.。 5.While _________(pick) the tea, he received the news of his mother being ill ,so he carelessly put the leaves in his right sleeve and _______(leave) Hangzhou for Beijing 【答案】(现在分词）picking;(一般过去时）left 【解析】句意：在摘茶叶的时候，他收到了母亲生病的消息，所以他不小心把叶子放在他右边的袖子里，离开杭州去了北京。第一空所在句省略的主语he和pick之间是主谓关系，所以用现在分词。第二空，由and 可知此处与put是并列谓语，故填left。
英文的句法结构 英语是一门结构性语言。一个学英语之人在使用英语时必须具备三个意识，即词形变化意识，时态和语态意识和句子结构意识。如果我们具备以上三意识，在平时有意识地进行必要的训练，在短短几个月中完全可以大幅度地提高自己的英语水平的。 英文的句子结构可分两大类：基本结构和特殊结构。 英文句子的基本结构 1．简单句的五大基本句型。 英文句子是以简单句为主体。并列句是由并列连接词连接的两个简单句；主从复合句是由一个从属连接词连接的从句和一个独立的简单句构成的。 英文简单句的五种基本句型。 （1）主语+ 谓语。 此句型的谓语动词是不及物动词，常带状语。 例如：The fruit shop has closed. They have been singing and dancing for two hours. The plane will take off soon. They will fly to London. （2）主语+ 系动词+ 表语。 此句型结构中的谓语动词是系动词，后接表语。常用的系动词除be外，还有become, look, seem, appear, get, feel, grow, turn, remain, come, hold, keep, stand, stay（保
持）,smell, sound, taste等等。 例如：The motor is out of order. Her mother has fallen ill. The weather is getting quite hot. The roses smell sweet. Silk feels soft and smooth. The plan sound perfect. （3）主语+ 谓语+ 宾语 此句型中的谓语动词是及物动词，后面跟宾语。 例如：He studies English. The teacher corrected her poor pronunciation more than once. We should help the disabled. （4）主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语。 例如：This new way saved us much time. Could you do me a favor please? I paid him fifty yuan. He ordered (要，订购)himself a soft drink. Mr Smith lent me his car. I found him a new textbook. Can you spare me a few minutes of your valuable time? The president awarded（授予）hime the first prize. （5）主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语。
2010届高一上期末综合练习之主谓一致练习 1.Neither he nor I ___ for the plan. A. were B. is C are D. am 2. My family as well as I ___ glad to see you. A. was B. is C. are D. am 3. My father, together with some of his old friends, ___ there already. A. will be B. had been C. has been D. have been 4. There are two roads and either ___ to the station. A. is leading B. are leading C. lead D. leads 5. Nine plus three ___ twelve. A. are making B. is making C. make D. makes 6. Twenty miles ___ a long way to cover. A. seem to be B. is C. are D. were 7. Very few ___ his address in the town. A. has known B. are knowing C. know D. knows 8. When and where this took place ___ still unknown. A. has B. is C. were D. ar 9. I know that all ___ getting on well with her. A. were B. are C. is D. was 10. The rest of the novel ___ very interesting. A. seem B. is C. are D. were 11. Our family ___ a happy one. A. are B. was C. are D. is 12. The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who ___ from the countryside in our school. A. was B. were C. is D. are 13. More than one answer ___ to the question. A. had given B. were given C. has been given D. have been given 14. The students in our school each ___ an English dictionary. A. are having B. had C. has D. have 15. The pair of shoes ___ worn out. A. had been B. have been C. were D. was 16. A professor and a writer ___ present at the meeting. A. had been B. were C. is D. was 17. Those who ___ singing may join us. A. is fond of B. enjoy C. likes D. are liking 18. There ___ a knife and fork on the table. A. are B. is seeming to be C. seem to be D. seems to be 19. Over 80 percent of the population ___ workers. A. will be B. are C. is D. was 20. The whole class ___ greatly moved at his words. A. is B. had C. were D. was 21. The wounded ___ good care of here now. A. is taking B. are taking C. are being taken D. is taken 22. Deer ___ faster than dogs. A. will run B. are running C. runs D. run 23. The police ___ a prisoner. A. are searched for B. is searching C. are searching for D. is searching for 24. It was reported that six ___ including a boy. A. had killed B. was killing C. were killed D. was killed 25. The United Nations ___ in 1945. A. was found B. was founded C. were founded D. were found 26. I, who ___ your good friend, will share your joys and sorrows. A. was B. are C. is D. am 27. Between the two buildings ___ a monument. A. is standing B. standing C. stands D. stand 28. Laying eggs ___ the ant queen’s full-time job.
主谓一致语法填空 1. About 60 percent of the students _____ (be) from the south, the rest of them are from the north and foreign countries. 2. Half of the workers here _________ (be) under 30 years of age. 3. Now Tom with his classmates ________(play) football on the playground. 4. The number of pages in this dictionary ________ (be) about two thousand. 5. Thirty dollars _____(be) too expensive for Tom, a poor worker. 6. The audience _________(be) so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the great hall. 7. The secretary and principal _________(speak) at the meeting now. 8. "If anybody _____(want) to buy the book, please put down his name," said the teacher to the monitor. 9. Nothing but one desk and six chairs _____(be) in the room when I came in. 10. Between the two roads _____(stand) a TV tower called "Skyscraper Tower". 11. Either of you _____(be) going there tonight. 12. You as well I _____(be) right. 13. All but Dick _____(be) in Class Three this term. 14. -Shall I wait here for three hours? -Yes. Three hours _____(be) not long enough for you to wait for such a doctor. 15. Where to get the materials and how to get them _____(have) not been discussed at the meeting. 16. Every student and every teacher _____(have) attended the meeting. 17. Three fourths of the bread _____(eat) by Bob, and the rest of the bread was left on the table. 18. This pair of shoes _____(be) hers. 19.There ______(be) said to be no life on the moon. 20.A group of sheep _____(be) eating grass and leaves at the foot of the hill 21.My family raise a lot of _______(cattle), including two______(cow). 22.What he says and what he does______(do) not agree. 23.The boy and the girl each ______(have) their own toys. 24.She is the only one among the ______(woman) writers who ______(write) stories for children. 25.The railway station is two ______(hour) drive from our school. 26.Mike and John`s father ______(be) is a teacher. 27.A great deal of talking and listening that ______(occur) under casual circumstance may seem to be aimless. 28.Either the offices or the classroom _________(need) to be cleaned. 29.Three-fourths of the homework ______(have) been finished today. 30.More than 60 percent of the world`s radio programmes ______(be) in England. 31. A great deal of work ______(have) been done to improve the people`s living standard 32.The rest of the magazines ______(sell) out within half an hour. 33.There ______(be) a lot of sugar in the jar. 34. “All ______(be) present and all ______(be) going on well”, our monitor said.
Grammar主谓一致语法填空精选30题 1. Just the opposite, I think it is Truman, rather than you, ____(be)to blame. 2. According to the report, three hours of outdoor exercise a week ____ (be) good for one’s health. 3. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, __________ (visit) a museum when the earthquake struck. 4. 70 percent of the students in our class _____ (be) girls. 5. Each of us _____moved by the poor child and we each _____( donate) money to him. 6. The football team ____ (be) made up of 22 players and the team ____ (be) very young. 7. Every man and every woman ___________ (ask) to help when the earthquake broke out. 8. Either he or you ____ (be) interested in playing football in our class. 9. At present the police __________ (look)for the lost boy whose trousers ____ (be) blue. 10. Physics ___ (be) difficult to learn and every means _____________ (try) to improve it. 11.One or two days ____ (be)enough to see the city． 12. Neither my wife nor I myself ____(be) able to persuade my daughter to change her mind． 13.Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____(be) tired of having one examination after another． 14. Nobody but Betty and Mary ____ (be)late for class yesterday． 15Many a new house ________(build) at present． 16. All but one ____ (kill)in the accident． 17. When and where to build the new factory __________ (decide )yet. 18. The number of people invited _____(be)fifty, but a number of them ___(be) absent for different reasons. 19This kind of books_____(be)very useful but books of that kind_____(be)useless． 20.I, not you, ______ in the wrong. Not I but he ______ been invited. 21.E-mail, as well as telephones, _________(Play) an important part in daily communication. 22.His “Selected Poems” ________ (be)first published in 1965. 23.The number of people invited ___(be)fifty, but a number of them ___ (be)absent for different reasons. 24On the wall ____(hang) two large portraits. 25.As a result of destroying the forests, large quantities of desert ____ (be)covered the land. 26. Every boy and every girl as well as some teachers who ____ (be)to visit the museum ___ (be)asked to be at the school gate before 6:30 in the morning. 27. Great Expectations ____(sell) well, but not all books _____(sell) out yet. 28.Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money making jobs
高二英语语法专题——主谓一致 课前短语回顾 have a bad effect on 对……有坏影响take in 吸收 give out 放出；发出in a nutshell 简言之；概括地讲 look through 浏览be at war with 与……交战 bring up 养育；抚养become interested in 对……感兴趣 be proud of 为……自豪in conclusion 总之 主谓一致 （一）主谓一致的种类 1．语法形式上的一致 主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。如：The number of the students present is 200. Jane and Mary look alike. 2．意义上一致 A.主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。 如：The crowd were shouting. 注意：单数形式代表复数内容的词有：people, , cattle,等。 B.主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。如：The news was so surprising. 等同：physics，politics, economics.. 3．就近原则 即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or，either…or, neither…not, not only…but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。 如：Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this. （二）主谓一致的应用 1．名词作主语
高中英语语法专题练习 名词与主谓一致 单句语法填空 1、The __________(major) of the people took part in the running race without disappointment, though it was likely that they couldn't get a reward. 2、Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of children’s__________(distant). 3、Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with __________ (patient). 4、Your __________ (perform) as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn. 5、—Go and say sorry to your mom, Dave. —I’d like to, but I’m afraid Mom would not accept my__________(apologize). 6、No one in the department but Tom and I__________( know) that the director is going to resign. 7、Not only I but also Jane and Mary __________(be) tired of having one examination after another. 8、The understanding between two friends __________(mean) both of them have similar ideas and trust each other. 9、Professor James will give us a lecture on Western culture, and he as well as his assistants__________(be) to arrive by air. 10、He has donated some money to those who live in poverty, which__________(be) of great help. 单句改错 11、What’s more,they impressed us deeply with their unusual confidences and performances. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________
考点 03 主谓一致
【命题解读】 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主 谓一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致以及就 近一致三个方面上。 【命题预测】 主谓一致在高考中常与名词结合在一起进行综合考查，多以语法填空和短文改错的形 式出题，在完形填空中也会有所涉及，总体难度系数较低，纵观近年的高考真题，主谓一 致中的固定搭配是考查的重难点。预计 2018 年高考仍会沿袭这一命题规律。 【复习建议】 1. 掌握主谓一致的三个原则：语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致； 2. 掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配； 3. 掌握定语从句中的主谓一致； 4. 掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。
高考主谓一致的知识结构 一致原则 考点详解 例句 His father is working on the farm. 1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、 To study English well is not easy. 动名词短语或从句作主语时， 谓语动词一 语法一致 般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词 用复数形式。 The children were in the classroom two hours ago. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is very important for us all.
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Lucy and Lily are twins. 2. 由连接词 and 或 both …… and 连接起来 的合成主语后面， 要用复数形式的谓语动 词。 She and I are classmates. The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 3. 主语为单数名词或代词， 尽管后面跟有 with，together with，except，but，like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides，including 等引起的短语， playground. 谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数， 谓语用复数形式。 She，like you and Tom，is very tall. Mr. Green ， together with his wife and children，has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the
4. either，neither，each，every 或 no + Each of us has a new book. 单数名词和由 some，any，no，every 构 Everything around us is matter. 成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。
He is one of my friends who are working 5. 在定语从句中，关系代词 that，who， hard. which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与 He is the only one of my friends who is 句中先行词的数一致。 working hard.
一致原则
考点详解 6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体， 它的谓
例句 Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a
语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其 monitor. 谓语动词就用复数形式。 语法一致 这些词有 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience 等。 注：people，police，cattle 等名词一般都 用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child. 7. 由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， There are a lot of people in the classroom.
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语法专项突破专题一复杂多变的动词 第1讲谓语动词 Part 2 主谓一致
基础训练 一、单句语法填空 https://www.doczj.com/doc/388286355.html,rge quantities of food ________ (send) to the countries struck by the earthquake so far. 2.Not only I but also Jim ________(have) no desire to say anything at all about the technique in the painting. 3.Peter rather than I ________(doubt)whether the problem is worth thinking about. 4.This kind of doors________ (lock) easily. 5.Not only Lucy but also her friends ________ (be) going to take part in the boat race. 6.The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which ________ (account) for my appearance. 7.The chemical industry ________(undertake) most responsibility for the local pollution incidents. 8.The political party which ________(govern) the country is said to be in office. 9.The strange dress she wears today ________(draw) much attention. 10.My father's birthday ________(fall) on next Wednesday. 11.It is the first time that the book ________ (translate) into a foreign language. 12.The document we are looking through ________ (consist) of millions of pages of data. 13.The father as well as his kids ________ (discuss) where to spend the weekend now. 14.Not only Tom but also his classmates ________ (be) coming to visit museums. 15.More than one worker ________ (stay) into deep night for production of the goods every day. 16.The newly-published book suggests that today ________ (be) a golden age for inventions. 17.It is his courage as well as his intelligence that ________(make) him succeed. 18.No bird and no beast ________ (see)in the remote island. 19.Tom, as well as his parents, _________(watch) TV at present. 20.Not only Tom but also Mary and I ________(be) fond of playing football. 21.Three years ________ (have) passed since they met last time, and for them, three years ________ (be) really a long time. 22.To learn one or two foreign languages ________ (be) very important nowadays. 23.The last and most difficult lesson ________ (be) Lesson 14. 24.The scientist and engineer ________ (have) invented a new machine. 25.Alice, together with her friends, ________ (be) punished for having broken the school rules. 26.Ancient and modern history ________ (be) the subjects we are studying. 27.The old ________ (be) respected in our country. 28.________ (be) everybody going to take part in the game this afternoon? 29.The whole class ________ (be) now listening to the teacher attentively. 30.The news ________ (be) very exciting. 31.Every girl and every boy ________ (have) the right to join the club. 32.—________ (be) either she or you to go and attend the meeting? —Neither she nor I ________ (be). 33.Many a scientist ________ (have) devoted their lives to science. 34.I, who ________ your friend, will try my best to help you. 35.My family ________ (be) the largest one in our village. Besides, my family ________ (be) all party members. 36.It is reported that many a new house ________ (build) at present in the disaster area. 37.There ________ (be) a large quantity of rain since last month. 38.Today the number of people learning English in China ________(be) increasing rapidly. 39.Every means ________(be) to be considered before we choose the best one. 40.The first person in each group writes a sentence and ________ (fold) the paper over his /her writing, so the next person cannot see it. 41.The royal family ________(consist) of the king and queen and their relations.