第七讲 句法特定结构及其他语法现象_主谓一致

主谓一致知识点总结主谓一致是英语语法中的一个重要知识点，指的是句子中的主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。

具体来说，如果主语是单数形式，则谓语动词也要用单数形式；如果主语是复数形式，则谓语动词也要用复数形式。

以下是主谓一致知识点的总结。

一、主语和谓语的一致性1.主语和谓语一致的基本原则是：单数主语与单数谓语相对应，复数主语与复数谓语相对应。

例如：- He reads books.（单数）- They read books.（复数）2. 如果主语是由含有“and”连接的两个或更多个成分构成的，谓语动词应该用复数形式。

例如：- Tom and Jerry are friends.3. 如果主语中有两个或更多个名词，用and连接，但其中有一个名词是表示无数概念的名词（具体名词或抽象名词），那么谓语应该用单数形式。

例如：- Bread and butter is my favorite breakfast.4. 如果主语是由连词“either…or”或“neither…nor”连接的两个名词构成的，谓语动词的单复数应与紧挨着的名词一致。

例如：5. 如果主语是由连词“not only…but also”连接的两个名词构成的，谓语动词的单复数应与紧挨着的名词一致。

例如：- Not only the teacher but also the students are going to the park.二、主谓一致的特殊情况1. 主语是以“everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody, each”等单词开头的不定代词时，谓语动词应该用单数形式。

例如：- Everyone knows the answer.2. 对于由and连接的两个主语，如果它们指的是同一个人或同一个物，谓语动词应该用单数形式。

例如：- Tom and Jerry is a famous cartoon.3. 对于固定短语“a number of + 名词”，谓语动词应该用复数形式。

第七讲句法特定结构及其他语法现象_强调句型1. 结构: It is / was +被强调部分+that+其他成分被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语和状语,但不能是谓语.强调人时还可用who/whom做连词, 而强调时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、目的状语或方式状语均只用that,而不用when, where, why等.It is… that ----一般现在时/现在进行时/现在完成时/一般将来时It was … that----一般过去时/过去进行时/过去完成时/过去将来时（1）原句：They will have a meeting in the meeting room tomorrow.It is they that/who will have a meeting in the meeting room tomorrow. 强调主语It is a meeting that they will have in the meeting room tomorrow. 强调宾语It is in the meeting room that they will have a meeting tomorrow. 强调地点状语It is tomorrow that they will have a meeting in the meeting room. 强调时间状语（2）原句：She didn’t go to work because her mother was ill.强调原因状语：It was because her mother was ill that she didn’t go to work.（3）原句：The new tomatoes are grown with GM technique.强调方式状语：It is with GM technique that the new tomatoes are grown.（4）原句：He got up early in order to catch the first bus.强调目的状语：It was in order to catch the first bus that he got up early.2.主谓一致:强调句在强调主语时, that/who后边的动词应和主语在人称和数上保持一致.It is my parents that / who are singing in the next room.It is I that / who am going for a holiday with Mary.* 当主语部分为A + rather than / except / besides / as well as / together with + B等形式时，谓语动词由主语A 确定。

英语语法主谓一致知识点总结主谓一致，指的是句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上的一致，这一点，英语和汉语不同，学生一定要弄清楚了。

小编为大家力荐了主谓一致语法归纳，给大家作为参考，欢迎阅读!主谓一致的用法一、并列结构作主语谓语用复数Reading and writing are very important.注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。

The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.典型例题The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A. isB. wasC. areD. were答案B. 注：先从时态上考虑。

这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C.。

本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。

后面的职务用and 相连。

这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。

二、主谓一致中的靠近原则1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。

There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.2)当either… or… 与neither… nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体。

主谓一致的讲解一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致1.由and 连接主语时And 连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时根据意义或概念确定谓语用单数或复数1)并列主语表示不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用复数Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students.Like many others, the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search of gold.小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子Both rice and wheat are grown in this area.2)并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。

The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.那位教授兼作家正在会上发言A journalist and authour lives on the sixth floor.一位新闻记者兼作家His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe.他的律师兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行The Premier and Foreign Minister was present at the state banquet.总理兼外长比较：the writer and the educator have visited our school.the writer and educator has visited our school.His lawyer and his former college friend were with him on his trip to Europe. 注意：指同一个人或物时，并列主语前只用一个冠词，指不同的需要分别加冠词，但两个名词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可A boy and girl are playing tennis.3)并列主语前有each, every, many a , no 等修饰时谓语动词用单数Each doctor and (each) nurse working in the hospital was asked to help patients. Every man, woman and child is entitled to take part in the activity. 有权参加Every boy and (every) girl admires him for his fine sense of humour.Many a boy and (many a ) girl has made the same mistakeNo boy and no girl is there now.没有任何男孩和女孩在那里注意：many a 跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为很多Many a student was disappointed after seeing the movie.4)并列主语为不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up.法规制定The knife and fork has been washed 刀叉已经被洗好War and peace is a constant theme in history战争与和平是历史永恒的主题注意;常被视为主体的结构A cup and saucer 一副杯碟A horse and cart 马车A knife and fork 一副刀叉A law and rule 法规A needle and thread 一套针线Fish and chips 炸鱼加炸薯条The stars and stripes 星条旗2.由(either)…or 或neither…nor 等连接的主语时由 either…or, neither…nor, or, not only…but(also)…连接主语时，谓语动词陈述句中就近原则Either you or Jane is to be sent to New York.要么你要么简被派往纽约Neither you nor he has finished the experiment.Neither the teacher nor the students like this piece of music. 都不喜欢这首曲子Not only the old farmer but also his family were friendly to me.Not only his friends but also he himself is looking forward to taking part in the party.3.主语由肯定否定两部分构成谓语跟肯定部分走Not you but I am to answer the questionI, not you, am to answer the question.二、单一主语的主谓一致1.名词本身自带s作主语时1）学科名词: physics 物理 mathematics/maths 数学 economics 经济学 politics政治学新闻; news体操：GymnasticsAs we know, Physics is a fundamental subject in science.物理是自然科学中的一门基础学科Mathematics is a required course for middle school students.数学是中学生的一门必修课Einstein once said ,“Politics is much more difficult than physics.”注意：当mathematics 表示运算时谓语动词用单数复数都可If my mathematics is/are right, the answer is 56.如果我的运算正确，答案就是56 The television news is at 7 o’clock in the evening every dayGymnastics is my sister’s favourite sport2)有些名词单复数同行根据是单数概念还是复数概念判断谓语 means方式方法 aircraft 飞机works 工厂 crossroads十字路口 deer 鹿 sheep 羊 fish 鱼This works was build in 1982 这座工厂是By far, three steelworks have been closed down in this cityThis means of transport has been triedAll possible means have been tried3）由两部分组成的物体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数chopsticks筷子 compasses 圆规glasses眼镜 gloves手套Jeans牛仔裤 pants裤子scissors剪子 shoes鞋子shorts短裤 socks短袜trousers裤子My trousers are white and his clothes are black.我的裤子是白色的他的衣服是黑色的Why are your shoes so dirty?注意;如果这些词由单位词（a pair of , a suit of , a piece of , a kind of 等）修饰时，单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数A pair of scissors is lying in that drawer.These kinds of glasses are popular this summer.4)表示国家、人名、书名、组织机构等的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数The united States is a developed countryThe New York Times is widely read in the world.5)以-s 结尾的群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等专有名词谓语动词用复数The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plants.植物种类繁多The Niagara Falls are splendid waterfalls.6)以-S结尾的名词作主语时谓语动词用复数belongings财产 clothes衣服 plasticsearnings收入 goods货物leavings剩余 savings储存All the goods are very expensive.2.集体名词作主语时1）mankind, humanity, man 作主语时，谓语一般用单数Only man knows how to cook. 只有人懂得烹饪【注】mankind 表示“人(类)”有时表示复数意义,尤其是其表语是复数时：Mankind are intelligent animals. 人是理智的动物.2）people, police, cattle, youth等作主语时，只有单数形式, 但却表示复数意义谓语动词用复数The police are investigating the riot. 正在调查暴乱事件The cattle are grazing the the field 正在牧场吃草Many cattle were killed for this. 就因为这个原因宰了不少牲畜【注】people作民族讲时有复数形式.如： There are 56 peoples in China3）family, crowd 等作主语时，根据概念确定谓语动词这类集体名词有：Army， assembly议会集会 audience band class club committee company congress议会youth crew 全体工作人员 crowd enemy family gang团伙government group herd牧群 jury population public team强调整体用单数谓语强调个体用复数谓语The family is going to move to New YorkThe family have different opinions about their going abroadThe football club committee arranges all the matchesThe football club committee have decided to dismiss him.比较：A family , a group , a class 做主语时用单数谓语Families, groups, classes 作主语时用复数谓语A group is coming to the zoo.一队人正朝着动物园走来4）baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(机器), poetry(诗), scenery(风景), jewelry(珠宝), equipment(设备)等,是不可数名词,只用单数形式,不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词)Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒.Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有行李都托运了吗?【注】machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery等相应的个体可数名词是 machine, poem, jewel, scene等.如：a poem / a piece of poetry(一首诗),many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery(许多机器).5）hair的用法hair(头发,毛发)指全部头发或毛发时,为集合名词(不可数)；指几根头发或毛发时,为个体名词(可数)：My hair has grown very long. 我的头发已长得很长了.The police found two hairs there. 警察在那儿找到了两根头发.6）fruit的用法fruit(水果)作为集合名词,它通常是不可数的：He doesn’t eat much fruit. 他不大吃水果.He is growing fruit in the country. 他在乡下种水果.但是,当要表示种类时,它可视为可数名词,即a fruit 指一种水果,fruits 指多种水果.比较：Some fruits have thick skins. 有些水果皮很厚.3.非谓语动词或从句作主语时1）非谓语动词或从句作主语时谓语动词用单数To improve agricultural land needs a lot of money.改善耕地质量需要投入大量的资金To see is to believeSwimming is a good way to keep healthHow they will solve the problem remains to be seenWhether she will come is not known2)多个非谓语动词作主语，表达一个概念谓语用单数，表达不同概念谓语用复数Going to be early and getting up early is good for your health.早睡早起一个概念Reading books and playing table tennis are my great pleasure.读书和打乒乓球Listening, speaking, reading and writing are all important.To be strict with oneself and to be kind to others are good qualities of a person三、其他情况的主谓一致1.表示距离、时间、长度、金额、质量等的复数名词作主语时常被看作是整体谓语动词用单数这类复数名词有：miles, dollars, pounds, kilograms公斤千克, kilometres公里, centimetres,厘米 millimetres毫米, seconds, hours, years等Five dollars seems a fair price 是一个公道的价格Two kilometres is not very far for the young manFive hours is a short time for such a difficult job2.如果强调数目谓语动词用复数One hundred cents make a dollarMore than twenty years have passed since they got married.3.算数中的谓语动词一般用单数形式，有时也用复数Five times eight is/are fortyFour and eight makes/make twelveSixty minus seven leaves fifty-threeForty-eight divided by six is eight4.复合不定代词作主语时谓语动词用单数Everyone something anybody nowhereEveryone in the class was surprised at the newsListen! Someone is knocking at the door.Is anyone going to tell him the news?5.each one of…, every one of …, anyone of…, one of…, 等作主语时谓语用单数Each of the girl in our class has a balloon 我们班每个女孩都有一个气球Each of the students was asked to speak for three minutes.Every one of them is familiar to me. 我对他们都很熟悉6.each , every 作形容词修饰主语时谓语动词用单数但是each 作复数主语的同位语时谓语用复数Each/Every boy in our class has a skateboard一副滑板They each have a stateboardEach/Every student has an English-Chinese dictionaryThe students each have an English-Chinese dictionary7.none of + 不可数名词谓语用单数none of,neither of, + 可数名词复数/复数代词 + 谓语动词单数复数都可either of ,None of that money in the desk is his 不可数名词None of his classmates knows the truth.= None of his classmates know the truth Neither of the statements is true = Neither of the statements are true 两种说法没有一个真实Either of the qualifications is acceptable = Either of the qualifications are acceptable8.neither 与 either 做形容词修饰单数名词时谓语动词用单数Either qualification is acceptable两种资格中的任何一种都可以接受Neither qualification is acceptable9.分数百分数+ of + 名词，some of , plenty of, a lot of, lots of, most of, the rest of, all(of), half(of) 谓语常与of 后面的名词一致分数/百分数 + of + 复数名词/ 复数代词谓语动词用复数分数/百分数 + of + 单数名词/单数代词谓语动词用单数不可数名词Two thirds of the students support the plan复数名词One tenth of them are suffering from this kind of illness.复数代词Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea单数名词Eighty percent of the employees in the company are from Beijing百分数复数名词Thirty percent of its area is flooded each year.百分数单数名词The rest of the money belongs to youThe rest of the students speak for it.Half of the apple is rottenHalf of the apples are rotten10.more(…) than one…结构作主语时More(…)than one…+ 单数名词谓语用单数More + 复数名词 + than one 谓语用复数More than two + 复数名词谓语用复数More than one white rose has bloomed in the gardenMore white roses than one have bloomed in the gardenMore than two white roses have bloomed 两个以上的的白玫瑰开了11.a number of + 复数名词谓语用复数许多的The number of + 名词谓语动词用单数…的数量A number of trees are green in AprilA great number of tourists have been to the Great WallA large number of worker were out of work because the factory was destroyed in flood.The number of students in the computer class is limited to ten.The number of workers who were out of work was 1,000.12.there/here…引导句子时就近原则There are some chairs and a table in the roomThere is a table and some chairs in the roomHere are some gifts for youHere is a book, a pen and some paper for you.13.当主语后接修饰语时With, along with, together with, but, besides, except, like, including, in addition to, as well as, rather than, 谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift被作为礼物送给了这个国家The teacher, along with her students, is going to attend the lecture 听报告A peasant, together with some soldiers, is about to help us.All but one have arrived here.除了一个人外所有人都到了No one except two students was late for class.再没有其他人上课迟到The garage, in addition to the house, was burned.She as well as the other girls is going to another supermarked.You as well as I are wrong.The father, rather than the brother, is responsible.父亲而不是兄弟们应当负责14.The+ 形容词做主语时表示一类人用复数谓语表示抽象概念用单数谓语The injured were carried away on stretchers.用担架抬走了The old are more likely to catch cold than the youngThe rich are for the decision but the poor are against it.The young are always full of vitality充满了活力The unknown is always something to be feared 未知的东西总是令人害怕The beautiful is not always the good, and the good is not always the true.美未必是善善未必是真The true is to be distinguished from the false真应与假相区别The good is what people like 人们总是喜欢美好的东西In many stories, the good are well rewarded and the bad are punished.好人有好报坏人有怀抱15.all做主语时指一切表示单数概念用单数谓语，指具体人或物用复数谓语All has been tried一切都试过了All were silent 大家都一言不发All was silent 万籁俱寂All are here now 大家都在16.由 a kind of, this kind of, many kinds of, 名词+of this kind, a type of asort of 谓语动词根据of 后面的名词来定A new type of machine is on show now. 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主谓一致语法形式上要一致，即主语单复数形式与谓语要一致。

意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。

就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的主语。

代词的指代一致原则，代词的指代一致是指句中的代词应该在人称、数、性等方面与所指的词保持一致。

例如：Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。

2)谓语动词用复数形式。

例如：There is much water in the bottle. 瓶子里有好多水。

去年生产了一万吨煤。

例如：Helping others is her great happiness. 帮助其他人是她的最大幸福。

例如：When and where we will hold the meeting is unknown. 我们何时何地举行会议还不知道。

How to work out the problem is very easy. 解决这个问题非常简单。

Whether they'll例如：They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。

2) 如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors, pants, jeans, gloves 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

例如：My glasses are on the desk. 我的眼睛在书桌上。

【注意】如果这类名词前用了a pair of等表示数量的名词，则谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于表示数量的名词的单复数形式。

例如：Here are some new pairs of shoes. 这里有几双新鞋。

My new pair of socks is on the bed.3)例如：What I think and what I seek have been fairly reflected in my paper. 我所思考的和我所寻求的都在这个论文中体现了出来。

主谓一致英语中，主语的单复数形式决定谓语动词的单复数形式。

主谓一致必须遵循以下三条原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。

根据这三条原则，现从以下几个方面进行总结：一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致1. 由and/both...and...连接的两个单数名词作主语时（两个冠词），谓语动词一般根据语法一致的原则用复数。

例如：A young man and a girl want to go there. 一个青年男子和一个姑娘想去那里。

【注意】如果在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念时（一个冠词），谓语动词用单数形式。

例如：①A needle and thread was found on the floor. 在地板上找到了针线(穿了线的针)。

②The teacher and writer is her friend.这个既是是教师又是作家的人是她的朋友。

2. 一个单数名词同时被and连接的两个不同的形容词修饰，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。

例如：Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are studying.古代史和现代史是我们目前学习的课程。

【注意】如果在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。

例如：The last and most difficult lesson is lesson14. 14课是最后一课也是最难的一课。

3. 当each...and each...，every...and every...，no...and no...，many a...and many a...结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

例如：①No man and no animal is to be found on the moon. 在月球上没发现人和动物。

②Many a doctor and many a nurse is busy with their work.许多医生和护士都忙于他们的工作。

高中英语知识点归纳主谓一致和主谓语序的语法规则一、主谓一致的语法规则主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词在人称和数上要保持一致。

以下是主谓一致的几个常见规则：1. 单数主语和单数谓语动词一致：例如，“The dog barks”（这条狗叫）。

2. 复数主语和复数谓语动词一致：例如，“The dogs bark”（这些狗叫）。

3. 不可数名词的主语和单数谓语动词一致：例如，“The water is cold”（水很冷）。

4. 有些特殊的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

这包括家庭成员名词“family”、“team”、“audience”等：例如，“My family is going on vacation”（我的家人要去度假）。

5. 当主语包括不同人称时，使用谓语动词的第一人称的复数形式：例如，“Tom and I are going to the movies”（汤姆和我要去看电影）。

6. 当主语为某个整体时，谓语动词与之保持一致：例如，“The crew is preparing for takeoff”（机组人员正在准备起飞）。

7. 当主语中包括“each”、“every”、“either”、“neither”、“everyone”、“nobody”等词时，谓语动词用单数形式：例如，“Every student has to submit their homework”（每个学生都必须提交他们的作业）。

二、主谓语序的语法规则主谓语序指的是主语和谓语动词的顺序要保持一致。

以下是主谓语序的几个常见规则：1. 在陈述句中，主语通常位于谓语动词之前：例如，“She is a teacher”（她是一名老师）。

2. 在疑问句中，将谓语动词放在主语之前：例如，“Are you hungry?”（你饿了吗？）。

3. 在祈使句中，主语通常省略，谓语动词单独出现：例如，“Sit down”（坐下）。

4. 在条件句中，主语通常位于谓语动词之前：例如，“If it rains, we will stay indoors”（如果下雨，我们就呆在室内）。