考点 03 主谓一致
【命题解读】 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主 谓一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致以及就 近一致三个方面上。 【命题预测】 主谓一致在高考中常与名词结合在一起进行综合考查，多以语法填空和短文改错的形 式出题，在完形填空中也会有所涉及，总体难度系数较低，纵观近年的高考真题，主谓一 致中的固定搭配是考查的重难点。预计 2018 年高考仍会沿袭这一命题规律。 【复习建议】 1. 掌握主谓一致的三个原则：语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致； 2. 掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配； 3. 掌握定语从句中的主谓一致； 4. 掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。
高考主谓一致的知识结构 一致原则 考点详解 例句 His father is working on the farm. 1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、 To study English well is not easy. 动名词短语或从句作主语时， 谓语动词一 语法一致 般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词 用复数形式。 The children were in the classroom two hours ago. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is very important for us all.
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Lucy and Lily are twins. 2. 由连接词 and 或 both …… and 连接起来 的合成主语后面， 要用复数形式的谓语动 词。 She and I are classmates. The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 3. 主语为单数名词或代词， 尽管后面跟有 with，together with，except，but，like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides，including 等引起的短语， playground. 谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数， 谓语用复数形式。 She，like you and Tom，is very tall. Mr. Green ， together with his wife and children，has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the
4. either，neither，each，every 或 no + Each of us has a new book. 单数名词和由 some，any，no，every 构 Everything around us is matter. 成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。
He is one of my friends who are working 5. 在定语从句中，关系代词 that，who， hard. which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与 He is the only one of my friends who is 句中先行词的数一致。 working hard.
一致原则
考点详解 6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体， 它的谓
例句 Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a
语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其 monitor. 谓语动词就用复数形式。 语法一致 这些词有 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience 等。 注：people，police，cattle 等名词一般都 用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child. 7. 由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， There are a lot of people in the classroom.
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the majority of +名词”构成的短语以及由
The rest of the lecture is wonderful.
“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语， 50% of the students in our class are girls. 其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词 的数而定。 There comes the bus. 8. 在倒装句中， 谓语动词的数应与其后的 On the wall are many pictures. 主语一致。 Such is the result. 1. what， who， which， any， more， all 等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠 All is going well. All have gone to Beijing. 意思来决定。 2. 表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名 词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数 形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是 逻辑一致 一个整体。 3. 若主语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报 “The Arabian Nights” is an interesting 名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常 story-book. 用单数形式。 4. 表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复 数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形 式。 One and a half apples is left on the table. Thirty minutes is enough for the work. Ten miles is too long. Such are the facts. 注：a number of 与 the number of 的区别
Which is your bag？Which are your bags？
一致原则
考点详解 5. 算式中表示数目 （字） 的主语通常作单 数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。 6. 一些学科名词是以 –ics 结尾，如：
例句 Twelve plus eight is twenty. Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.
逻辑一致
mathematics， politics， physics 以及 news， The paper works was built in 1990. works 等，都属于形式上是复数的名词， I think physics isn‘t easy to study. 实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其 谓语动词要用单数形式。
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7. trousers， glasses， clothes， shoes， jeans 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如 果这些名词前有 a（the） pair of 等量词 修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 8. “定冠词 the + 形容词或分词”，表示某 The old are taken good care of. 一类人时，动词用复数。 A large quantity of people is needed here. 9. a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数 名词, 作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 10. a great deal of, a large amount of 修饰 不可数名词, 作主语时, 谓语动词通常用 单数; large amounts of 修饰不可数名词, 作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数。 1. 当两个主语由 either … or， neither … nor，whether … or …，not only …but also 连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。 就近一致 2. there be 句型的 be 动词单复数取决于其 room. 后的主语。如果其后是由 and 连接的两个 主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。 Here 引导的句子用法同上。 如：Here is a map and a handbook for you. 注意：quantities 一般用复数。 Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table. A large amount of (A great deal of) damage was done in a very short time. Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge. Either the teacher or the students are our friends. Neither they nor he is wholly right. There are two chairs and a desk in the My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes under the bed is his.
考向一语法一致
语法一致：就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 1. 单数 n.，不可数 n., 不定式，动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。主语为复数 时，谓语动词用复数。 ? His father is working on the farm. ? Time is money. ? To finish all the work on time is impossible. ? Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. ? The children are in the classroom 2 hours ago.
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◆由 what 引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多用单数但如果表语是复数或 what 从句是一 个带有复数意义的并列结构时，谓语动词用复数。 What I bought were 3 English books. What I say and do are helpful to you. 2.由 and 或 both...and 连接起来的合成主语后面谓语动词用复数。 Lucy and Lily are twins. She and I are friends. Both she and he are Young Pioneers. ◆如果 and 所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就用单数。 The writer and artist has come. ◆由 and 连接的并列单数主语前分别有 each, every, no more than a(an), many a(an)修饰时， 谓语动词用单数。 Every student and every teacher was in the room. No boy and no girl likes it. 3.主语后面有 with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including 等引起的短语时，谓语动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定。 Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. She, like you and Tom, is very tall. 4.either, neither, each, every 或 no+单数 neither/neither/none of ＋复数名词，还有 some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。Zx&x*k Each of us has a new book. Everything around us is matter. Neither of the texts is interesting. None of us has been to South Africa. 5.定语从句中，关系代词 that, which, who 作主语时，谓语动词的数和先行词一致。 He is one of my students who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
He is one of the most selfish men that _______ ever lived; that’s why hardly _______ making
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friends with him. A. has；anyone likes C. has；no one likes 【答案】D B. have；does anyone like D. have；anyone likes
6.集体名词 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience 等，指整体时，用单数；指集 体的成员时，用复数。 His family is a happy one. The whole family are watching TV. The population of China is 1400 million.(人口) One third of the population here are workers.(人) ◆people, cattle, police 作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 7.由 a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of ＋名词，或者是分数/百分数＋名词 构成的短语作主语，谓语动词的数由名词的单复数决定。 The rest of the lecture is wonderful. A lot of time is wasted. A lot of people take part in the meeting. 2/3 water is drunk by him. 2/3 students are absent. 8.倒装句中，谓语 v.的数与其后的主语一致。 On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts.
(·湖南)It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ years of achieve.
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A. is; takes 【答案】A
B. are; takes
C. are; take
D. is; take
考向二 意义一致原则
1.表示时间、度量、长度、价值等的复数名词作主语，因为其在概念上是一个整体，谓语动 词用单数。 Twenty minutes is enough for the work. One hundred dollars is stolen from the ATM. 2.如果是书名，片名，格言，剧名，报名，国名等的复数形式作主语，谓语动词用单数。 The Arabian Nights is an interesting story book. one and a half ＋复数 n.，谓语动词用单数。 One and a half apples is left on the table. 3.算是中表示数目通常用单数（加减乘除） 4.表示学科的以－ics 结尾的名词作主语，用单数。 Physics is an important subject in middle schools. Mathematics is the study of numbers. Politics, economics, athletics 等。 5.复数形式的单复数同形的名词作主语，意义一致。 The glass works was built up in 1980. These glass works are near the railway station. 6.由两部分组成的名词， trousers, glasses, shorts, scissors 等作主语时， 谓语动词用复数。 a pair of 等量词时，视情况而定。 7.The ＋ adj. 表示一类人，作主语时用复数。 The young are usually very active. The old are lonely.
考向三 就近一致原则
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就近一致：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。 （1）当两个主语由 either … or， neither … nor，whether … or …，not only …but also 连接时， 谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。 Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind. 他的父母和我都不能说服他改变注意。 （2） there be 句型的 be 动词单复数取决于其后的主语。 如果其后是由 and 连接的两个主语， 则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。 There are two pens，a book and three pencils on the desk. 书桌上有两支钢笔，一本书和三支 铅笔。 There is a book， two pens and three pencils on the desk. 书桌上有一本书， 两支钢笔和三支铅 笔。 （3）在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。 Here is a map and a handbook for you. 这是一张你的地图和一本手册。 Such are the facts. 事实就是如此。
（4）就远原则：谓语动词与前面主语一致。 主语后面接连接性短语时， 这种结构并不影响主语和谓语的关系， 即谓语动词的数与主语的 数保持一致。此类连接性短语有 as well as，as much as，along with，with，like， rather than， together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to 等。 your sister as well as your parents is very kind to me．你姐姐和你父母一样，对我很好。 she，like you and betty，is very clever．像你和 betty 一样，她也很聪明。
The father as well as his three children ___________ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. A.is going going 【答案】C 【解析】 考查主谓一致和时态。句意：在冬天的每个星期天下午，这位父亲和他的三个孩子 都去结冰的河面上滑冰。当 as well as 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数应与 as well as 前面的名词或代词保持一致。本题的谓语动词应与 The father 保持一致，用单数形 式；由时间状语 every Sunday afternoon 可知，本句应用一般现在时。故选 C 项。
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B.go
C.goes
D.are
考点三 ＂名词+介词短语＂作主语 名词或代词后接 as well as，with，along with，together with，except，but 等短语作主语时， 谓语动词的形式应和介词短语前的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。 She as well as other students likes playing computer games. 她和其他学生都喜欢玩电脑游戏。 He with his parents is working in the fields. 他正和他的父母在地里干活。 Nobody but you and me knows it. 除了你和我，没人知道。 考向四 不定代词作主语 1. 当作主语的名词前有 each，neither，either，every 修饰或 each，neither，either 作主语 时，谓语动词用单数。 ?Each student has a book. 每一个学生都有一本书。 ?Either answer is correct. 两个答案都是正确的。 ?Neither parent is with him. 他的父母都没有和他在一起。 ?Every minute is important to us. 每一分钟对大家都很重要。 2. 当复合不定代词 someone， anyone， somebody， anybody， nobody， everybody， something， anything，nothing，everything 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 ?Somebody is waiting for you outside. 有人在外面等你。 ?Is everybody here today? 今天大家都到了吗? ?Something is wrong with my watch. 我的手表出故障了。 ?Nobody was away yesterday. 昨天没有人离开。
（2014·湖南）All we need _________ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. A.are 【答案】C B. was C. is D. were
考向五 特殊名词作主语
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1. 国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，即使其形式上是复数，谓 语动词也要用单数。 ?The United States lies to the east of China. 美国在中国的东方。(国名) ?Engels was good at learning foreign languages. 恩格斯擅长学外语。(人名) 2. ＂the+形容词＂作主语时，表示某类人，谓语动词用复数。z@xxk ?The sick are taken good care of. 病人得到很好的照顾。 ?The old are supposed to be spoken to politely. 跟老人讲话要有礼貌。 3. 以-s 结尾的学科名词，如 maths，physics，politics 等和以-s 结尾的抽象名词，如 news， plastics 等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。 ?Physics is very difficult for me to learn. 物理对我来讲很难学。 ?The news was very exciting. 这条新闻十分激动人心。 4. 单复数形式相同的名词，如 Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer 等作主语时，谓语动词的单 复数由名词前的修饰语来确定。 ?A Chinese wants to see you. 一个中国人想见你。 ?Ten sheep are eating grass there. 那边有 10 只绵羊在吃草。 【注意】Chinese，Japanese，English 等前加 the 表示一国人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 The Chinese speak Chinese. 中国人说汉语。 考向六 表数量概念的词或短语作主语 1. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用 单数。 ?Ten years has passed quickly. 10 年很快就过去了。 ?Ten dollars is enough. 10 美元就够了。 ?100 kilometers is a long way. 100 千米是一段很长的路。 2. 加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数，其中加法与乘法也可用复数。 ?Two and two is/are four. 2 加 2 等于 4。 ?Six times one is/are six. 6 乘以 1 等于 6。 3. ＂many a/more than one+单数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 ?There is more than one answer. 有不止一个答案。 ?Many a student has passed the exam. 许多学生通过了考试。 4. ＂one and a half+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语用单数。
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?One and a half days is all I can spare. 一天半是我所能支配的全部时间。 ?One and a half pears is left on the plate. 一个半梨被留在盘子里。 5. the rest of... 短语作主语时， 如果 of 后接复数名词， 谓语用复数； 如果 of 后接不可数名词， 谓语用单数。 ?The rest of the bikes are on sale. 余下的自行车降价出售。 ?The rest of the bread is gone. 剩余的面包不见了。 6. ＂none of+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。 ?None of the dogs was/were there. 那儿没有狗。 7. ＂a number of+名词复数＂表示＂许多/大量的……＂，其后的谓语动词用复数；＂ the number of+名词复数＂表示＂……的数量＂，其中心词为 number，故谓语动词用单数。 ?A number of farmers are standing over there. 许多农民站在那边。 ?The number of the students in this school has reached over 2， 000. 这所学校的学生数量已达 到 2 000 多人。 8. ＂a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词＂作主语，谓语动词由 of 后的名词来确定。如果 of 后是 不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；如果 of 后是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。 ?A lot of time is needed. 需要大量的时间。 ?Plenty of workers are working. 许多工人在工作。 考向七 动名词、不定式和从句作主语 动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数。 ?Doing morning exercises is good for your body. 做早操对你的身体有益。 ?To play with fire near a gas station is very dangerous. 在加油站附近玩火很危险。 ?What he said at the meeting is very important. 他在会上的发言很重要。
(2013· 湖南) The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________ around $8，450 a year, which ________ a burden for some of them. A. are；is 【答案】A 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：那所大学估计，对国际学生来说，一年的生活开销大约是 8450 美元，这对他们中某些学生来说是一个负担。第一空的主语是 living expenses，是复数，
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B. are；are
C. is；are
D. is；is
因此谓语动词用复数；第二空的主语是 which，指代的是前面整个句子，因此谓语动词用单 数。 【辨析】 其他情况 and 连接并列主语时，谓语动词常常使用复 数；但是 and 连接的并列主语指同一人、同 一物时，谓语使用单数。 例句 The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了 (作家和教师指同一个人) The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来 了。(作家和老师是两个人) ＂ 单 数 名 词 或 代 词 + 名 词 或 代 词 +but/besides/except/including/like/with/along with/as well as /rather than/such as/together with+ 名词或代词作主语，谓语使用单数形 式，如果之前的名词或代词是复数，则谓语 使用复数。 ＂the number of+复数名词＂作主语谓语用 单 数 ; ＂ a(good/large) number of+ 复 数 名 词＂作主语，谓语动词用复数。 The number of the students is over eight hundred. 学生 人数超过八百。 A number of teachers are present today ， and the number of them is 500. 许多教师今天都出席了，有 500 人。 由两个相同部分组成的一个整体名词作主 语 ， 谓 语 动 词 用 复 数 ， 如 chopsticks ， glasses ， shoes ， socks ， stockings, trousers, boots 等。若此类名词被＂a kind of/a pair of’’修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 当 not only... but also...，not... but...，or， either... or….，neither... nor...等连接并列主语 时，以及在 there be 句型中，谓语动词的单 复数形式采用就近一致原则。 Neither Jack and I have seen this film.杰克和我都没有看 过这部电影 Either you or he is to attend the meeting tomorrow.或者 是你或者是他去参加明天的会议。 The scissors are on the shelf next to the cupboard. 剪刀 在橱柜旁边的架子上。 A pair of glasses costs quite a lot these days. 近些天， 眼镜的售价很高。 Mike with his father has been to England.迈克同他的父 亲去过英格兰。 Mike, like his brother，enjoys playing football. 迈克像 他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。
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某些集体名词 class, club, family, team, group 等作主语时，谓语动词采用意义一致原则， 即依据名词的具体含义来确定谓语动词的单 复数形式。
The company has grown rapidly in the last five years.这 家公司五年来迅速发展壮大。 The family are celebrating Thanksgiving in this picture.在 这张相片里，全家人正在庆祝感恩节。
【知识拓展】如果这一类集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词使用单数形式，如果这一类词指 的是具体成员，则谓语动词应该使用复数形式。 【巧学妙记】 主谓一致记忆口诀 单单复复最常见，集体名词谓用单。 如若强调其成员，复数谓语记心间。 有些名词谓常复，people、police 即这般。 主语单数后接介，谓语单数介无关。 many a 作主语也如此，谓语动词应用单。 or、nor、but also、there be，近主原则挂嘴边。 关系代词定主语，谓语根据先行词判。 不定式短语、动名词，主语从句谓全单。 时间、货币与距离，谓语多单复少见， rest，means，following 等，意义决定其复、单。 none，all，half of 等，of 之宾语定答案。 还有分数、百分数，仍据 of 之宾定复、单。 代词 all 指人谓复数，all 指事情谓用单。 量词用法请注意，谓语要随量词变。 and 连接两名词，身兼两职一定冠。 no，each，every 后单名，两种事物一概念。 以上情况请记清，谓语动词全用单。 形容词带 the 一类人，姓氏复数加定冠， -s 结尾的海峡、山脉与群岛，谓语用复勿用单。 代词 neither，either，each，用作主语谓全单。
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基础过关
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空 1.Have an aim in life or your ________ (energy) will all be wasted. 2.—How can I take the medicine，sir? —Just follow the ________ (direct) on the bottle. 3.________ (looker-on) see more than players. 4.The glutton has two ________ (stomach) to eat but no stomach for work. 5.The fisher who draws in his net too soon won’t have any ________ (fish) to sell. 6.More than 300 ________ (coach) have been invited to the meeting. 7.They took some ________ (photo) when they visited China. 8.Mr. Smith，together with his wife and daughters，________ (be) going to visit Beijing next year. 9.Either you or one of your students ________ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 10.Every man and every woman ________ (have) a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers. They all think what their fathers do are meaningful.
能力提升
I. 单项填空 1.So far as I know, a number of the students in our school ___________ from the suburb and the number of them ___________ 500. A. come；is are 2.The teacher along with her students ___________ the Palace Museum when we came across her. A. were visiting C. has visited B. was visiting D. have visited B. comes；are C. comes；is D. come ；
3.The teacher, ___________ several students, ___________ discussing the problem.
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A. together with；is C. and；is
B. as well as；are D. along with；are
4. Not only his parents but also his elder brother ___________ to the Summer Palace. They haven’t been back yet. A. have been C. has been B. have gone D. has gone
5. About ___________ of his spare time ___________ spent in reading. A. third-fifths；are C. three-fives；are B. three-fifths；is D. three-fifth；is
6. Jane is the only one of the students who ___________ a little Chinese and is one of my friends who ___________ studying in China now. A. know；have C. knows；are 7.—The room is in a mess again! —Sorry. It is ___________ who ___________. A. me；is to blame C. me；am to be blamed B. I；is to be blamed D. I；am to blame B. knows；has D. know；is
8. Do you know the man ___________ the little girl is turning to for help? He is one of the teachers who ___________ in our school. A. who；is working C. whom；works B. whom；are working D. which；works
9. When and where we’ll hold the meeting ___________ not been decided yet. A. has B. is C. have D. are
10. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ___________ each year. A. is washing away C. are washing away II. 语法填空 Starting a new school term is always exciting. It is a chance
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B. is being washed away D. are being washed away
1 (see) your friends again.
But most exciting of all, the new term lets you take up all hobbies. In Britain it is common for students to take up new hobbies after the Christmas holidays. Promising to learn something new is a common New Year’s resolution. Most schools offer different kinds 2 hobby classes. Students 3 (usual) take them 4 (be) free.
in their free periods or after school. Some classes you have to pay for but some For example, I once took a free Wednesday evening gymnastics class 5
is offered by my
school. But when I learnt how to play the drum, my parents had to pay for the lessons. The most popular extra classes at my school were piano lessons and drama lessons. Both classes offered exams students could take. Students with many hobbies sometimes felt stressed than those without any. But the students with hobbies left school with many extra (skill). I haven’t continued any of the hobbies I regretted taking class.z&x*xk] 9 . My 10 8 (begin) at school. But I have never 6 7
(good) friend today is someone I met in my gymnastics
体验真题
1. （2017· 江苏） The publication of Great Expectations, which ____________ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens, status as a leading novelist. A. is B. are C. was D. were
2. （2017·天津）Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ___________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. A. regard C. are regarded B. is regarded D. regards
3.(2013·福建)The famous musician, as well as his students, ________ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. A. were invited C. have been invited B. was invited D. has been invited
4.(2013 ·江苏 )Generally ， students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others ________ essential to their development.
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A.is were
B. are
C. was
D.
基础过关
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空 1.energies 6.coaches 2.directions 7.photos 3.Lookers－on 8.is 4.stomachs 9.is 5.fish 10.has
能力提升
I. 单项填空 1. A 【解析】考查主谓一致。第一空的主语是＂a number of the students in our school＂， 指＂许多学生＂，谓语用复数形式；第二空的主语是＂the number of them＂，指＂ 学生的数量＂，谓语用单数形式。故选 A。
3. A
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：这个老师和几个学生正在讨论这个问题。 together with＂与……一起＂；as well as＂也，和＂；and＂和＂；along with＂与……一道＂ 都符合语境；主句的主语是 the teacher，together with several students 修饰主语，因 此主语是第三人称单数，所以第二空用谓语用 is。综上所述，故选 A。
4. D 【解析】 句意：不仅他的父母而且他的哥哥也去了颐和园，他们还没有回来。not only... but (also)...连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词与 but (also)后的成分在人称和数上 保持一致；再结合语境＂They haven’t been back yet.＂可知 D 项切题。 5. B 【解析】考查分数和主谓一致的用法。句意：他大约花费五分之三的空闲时间在看书
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上。表达分数时，分子应用基数词，分母应用序数词，当分子大于一时，序数词后 面加-s；又因主语是不可数名词，所以谓语动词用单数。故选 B。 6. C 【解析】考查主谓一致的用法。在第一个 who 引导的这个定语从句中，先行词是 the only one，所以从句中的谓语动词用单数；而在第二个 who 引导的定语从句中，先行 词是 my friends，所以从句的谓语动词应用复数。故选 C。 7. D 【解析】考查主谓一致。本句是强调句，强调的是主语 I，所以系动词用 am；be to blame 是固定搭配，指＂该受责备，应承担责任＂。故选 D。 8. B 【解析】 考查定语从句和主谓一致。定语从句中 turn to 后缺少宾语，且指代先行词 the man，故用 that 或 whom；第二空对应的主语 who 替代复先行词 the teachers，故该 动词应用复数，选 B 项。
II. 语法填空 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在英国学校里，新学期伊始参加兴趣班的 好处及相关信息。 1. to see 【解析】考查动词不定式。chance 后接不定式作定语，故填 to see。 2. of 【解析】考查介词。different kinds of 是固定搭配，表示＂不同种类的＂，故填 of。 3. usually 【解析】考查副词。修饰动词 take 用副词，故填 usually。 4. are 【解析】 考查主谓一致。前面的 some 省略了 classes，表示复数的概念， be 动词用 复数，由前面的＂ have＂可判断出此处用一般现在时，故填 are。 5. that 或 which 【解析】考查定语从句。此处为定语从句，先行词是 a free Wednesday evening gymnastics class，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故填 that 或 which。 6. more 【解析】考查形容词比较级。由后面的 than 判断此处用比较级形式，指更有压力 的，故填 more。 7. skills 【解析】考查名词。many 修饰可数名词复数，故填 skills。
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8. began 【解析】考查时态。根据前面的 haven’t continued 可知，此处描述的是过去的事 情，应该用一般过去时，故填 began。 9. them 【解析】考查代词。此处指代前面的 hobbies，用宾格作动词 taking 的宾语，故填 them。 10. best 【解析】考查形容词最高级。此处是说我最好的朋友，故填 best。
体验真题
1. C 【解析】考查主谓一致。本句是包含定语从句的复合句，先行词是 Great Expectations 是书名，看作单数，所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据＂strengthened＂ 可知，＂被广泛阅读和得到高度评价＂发生在过去，故选 C。 2. B 【解析】句意：现在骑自行车、慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动 词短语 regard...as… (把……看做……)和句意确定应该用被动语态， 排除 A 和 D； 由介 词短语 along with 连接的三个名词作主语，谓语动词应该就前一致，即用单数，排除 C。故选 B。 3.B 【解析】考查主谓一致。as well as, together with, like 等介词或介词短语连接并列主语 时， 谓语动词应与介词或介词短语之前的主语保持一致。 此句复合介词前的主语是 musician, 故可先排除 B 和 C, 句中有明确的过去时间，动词应用一般过去时，所以答 案为 B。 4.A 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意为：通常情况，对别人期望很高的学生的内在动机对他 们的发展是必要的。主语 students’ inner motivation 表示单数意义，所以谓语动词用 单数，并且叙述的是现在的状态，所以用一般现在时，故选 A 项
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1. 2. 2010届高一上期末综合练习之 主谓一致练习 Neither he nor I ___ for the pla n. A. were B. is C are My family as well as I __ glad to see you. D. am A. was B. is C. are D. am My father, together with some of his old frien ds, __ there already. A. will be B. had been C. has been bee n 4. 3. D. have 5. 6. 7. 8. There are two roads and either ___ t o the stati on. A. is lead ing B. are lead ing Nine plus three ___ twelve. A. are mak ing B. is mak ing Twenty miles __ a long way to cover. A. seem to be B. is Very few ___ his address in the tow n. A. has known B. are knowing Whe n and where this took place _ A. has B. is C. were C. lead D. leads C. make D. makes C. are D. were 9. C. know still unknown. D. ar D. knows I know that all ___ gett ing on well with her. A. were B. are C. is D. was 10. The rest of the no vel __ very in terest ing. A. seem B. is C. are D. were 11. Our family ___ a happy one. A. are B. was C. are D. is 12. The boy sitting by the window is the only one coun tryside in our school. A. was B. were 13. More tha n one an swer __ t o the questi on. A. had give n B. were give n bee n give n of the stude nts who from the C. is D. are C. has bee n give n D. have 14. The stude nts in our school each __ an En glish dict ionary. A. are hav ing B. had C. has 15. The pair of shoes __ worn out. A. had bee n B. have bee n C. were D. was 16. A professor and a writer __ prese nt at the meeti ng. A. had bee n B. were 17. Those who __ singing may join us. A. is fond of B. enjoy liki ng 18. There ___ a knife and fork on the table. A. are B. is seem ing to be to be 19. Over 80 perce nt of the populatio n _ workers. A. will be B. are C. is 20. The whole class __ greatly moved at his words. A. is B. had 21. The woun ded __ good care of here now. A. is tak ing B. are tak ing taken 22. Deer __ faster tha n dogs. A. will run B. are running 23. The police ___ a pris oner. A. are searched for B. is searchi ng searchi ng for 24. It was reported that six A. had killed killed ,in clud ing a boy. B. was killi ng C. is C. likes C. seem to be C. were C. are being take n C. runs D. have D. was D. are D. seems D. was D. was D. is D. run C. are search ing for C. were killed D. is D. was
高中英语语法权威解析 目录: 第０１章名词性从句 第0２章“Iｔ”用法及其句型与固定搭配讲解 第03章高中英语语法中得省略现象 第04章主谓一致 第05章动词不定式 第06章倒装结构 第07章定语从句 第０8章被动语态 第09章祈使句 第10章感叹句 第１1章疑问句 第12章名词 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用得句子叫名词性从句(Ｎｏun Cｌaｕsｅs)。名词性从句得功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同得语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句与同位语从句、一. 主语从句 主语从句就是在复合句中充当主语得从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语与ｉt引导强调句得比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要就是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句得连接词没有变化、而i ｔ引导得强调句则就是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调得就是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/ｗｈｏｍ、例如: ａ) It isａpitｙｔhaｔyoｕｄidn’t go ｔo seｅｔhｅｆilm.您不去瞧那场电影真可惜。 b) It doeｓn’tｉntereｓt me whethｅrｙou sｕｃceed or not、我对您成功与否不感兴趣、 c) Ｉｔisｉn thｅｍoｒnｉng thaｔｔｈe ｍurder took place. 谋杀案就是在早上发生得、(强调句型) d) Ｉt is Joｈn tｈat broke ｔｈeｗｉｎdow。就是Joｈn打碎得窗户。(强调句型) 2、用ｉt 作形式主语得结构 (1)It is + 名词＋从句 It is ａfaｃt tｈat…事实就是… Ｉt ｉs an honor ｔhat …非常荣幸 It ｉｓｃommon knowlｅdge ｔhat …就是常识 (2)Ｉt is + 形容词+从句 It is naturａl thａt…很自然… It ｉｓstrａｎｇe that…奇怪得就是…(3) It ｉｓ＋不及物动词+ 从句 Ｉｔｓｅems thａｔ…似乎… Ｉt ｈappeneｄthat…碰巧… Iｔappeaｒs that…似乎…
按：本套资料省去了名词、代词、形容词等部分，保留了最最核心的句型和动词。希望能有所帮助。 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 - b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用it作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that …; It is an honor that…; It is common knowledge that… (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that…It is strange that… . (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that…It happened that…It appears that… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that…It has been proved that…It is said that… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况： （1）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 （2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. ( 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： ； 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely 4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：
名词与主谓一致 1. Where and when to go for the on-salary holiday _____ yet. a. are not decided b. have not been decided c. is not being decided d. has not been decided 2. Mary is the only one of the girls who _____ by the headmaster at the meeting. a. uis praised b. are praised c. was praised d. were praised 3. Mary is one of the girls who _____ by the headmaster at the meeting. a. uis praised b. are praised c. was praised d. were praised 4. All life on our planet _____, in one way or another, upon the sun. a. depend b. depending c. depends d. depended 5. Whisky and soda _____ always my favorite drink. a. is b. was c. are d. were 6. Kate as well as her sisters _____ interest in studing Chinese. a. are b. take c. takes d. is 7. More than one graduate _____ sent to the hardest place since 1979. a. is b. are c. has been d. have been 8. The secretary of the Party branch and director of the factory often _____ with the workers. a. works b. work c. is working d. are working 9. His family _____ always quarrelling among _____. a. is; itself b. are; themselves c. is; themselves d. are; itself 10. Some folk _____ never _____ with the present situation. a. is; satisfying b. are; satisfied c. are; satisfying d. is; satisfied 11. Each of the students in our class _____ great interest in English and they each _____ a copy of A New English-Chinese Dictionary. a. shows; have b. have; has c. is; have d. takes; has 12. ---- _____ ypur clothes? ---- No, mine _____ hanging over there. a. Is it; is b. Are these; are c. Is it; are d. Are these; is 13. Either you or the headmaster _____ which student will go to attend that meeting. a. is not decided b. are to decided c. are deciding d. is to decided 14. All but one _____ here just now. a. is b. was c. has been d. were 15. Light and heat _____ often sent out together with heavy smoke. a. is b. was c. are d. being 16. No chair and no desk _____ permitted to be taken away from the reading room. a. are b. were c. is d. be 17. Strangely enough, a pair of new trousers _____ among the rubbish. a. were found b. was found c. found d. had found 18. Large quantities of fruit _____ all over the world from China today. a. is shipped b. are shipped c. has shopped d. have shipped 19. It _____ William and Carol who helped me the other day. a. has been b. are c. was d. were 20. Growing around the lake _____ wold flowers of different colors. a. is b. are c. has d. have
高中英语语法总结（完整版；高中必看！） 专题一：定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom指人在从句中作宾语 whose指人或物在从句中作定语 as指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个
（2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
什么是语法？ +表语 +宾语 +间接宾语+直接宾语 +宾语+宾语补足语 to/-ing s not
一般现在时vs.一般过去时
一般将来时 将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的 动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经 常或者重复发生的动作，常与表示 将来的时间副词连用，例如：soon, next week, this afternoon, tomorrow We will graduate next year. 我们明年毕业。
进行时(1) (V+ing) 现在分词(V+ing) 现在分词(V+ing)?
进行时(2)
完成时(1) Part1 完成时的句型构成 1-1 陈述句型：S+has/have+过去分词(p.p.) I have already finished my homework.(我已经完成了我的作业) 1-2 否定句型：S+has/have+not+过去分词(p.p.) Sandy has been a nurse in this hospital for 15 years.(珊蒂已经在这家医院担任护士长达15年了。) 1-3 疑问句型：Has/Have+s+过去分词(p.p.)? Have you ever seen Peter in past 3 months?(过去3个月内，你看见过彼吗？) 2-1 陈述句型：S+had+过去分词(p.p.) This proposal had been deliverde by Eva before Aaron finished it. (这个计划在艾伦完成以前，伊娃就已经提交出去了) 2-2 否定句型：S+had+not+过去分词(p.p.) I had not finished my work when he visited me last week.(上周他来拜访我以前，我还没有完成工作。) 2-3 疑问句型：Had+s+过去分词(p.p.)? Had you ever been to a blind date before you married?(你结婚以前曾经参加相亲吗？) 3-1 陈述句型：S+shall/will+have+过去分词(p.p.) They wll have finished the meeting by now. (他们现在应该已经开完会了) 3-2 否定句型：S+shall/will+have+not+过去分词(p.p.) We will have not made 10 apple pies by the end of today.(我们在今天结束之前不能做完10个苹果派。) 3-3 疑问句型： Shall/Will+ s+have+过去分词(p.p.)? Will they have already left by the time we get there?(我们到的时候，他们会不会已经离开了？ )
人教版高中英语必修二 知识点梳理 ）巩固练习 重点题型（ 常考知识点 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 概念引入： He is a person who never gives up.他是个永远不服输的人。 I found him in the woods,where has a well-known tree. (我是在树林里找到他的，那里有一棵很有名的树。) Our guide,(who was a Frenchman,)was an excellent cook. 我们的导游是个很优秀的厨师，他是个法国人 She was not on the train which arrived just now。 她没在刚刚到达的那辆车上 语法点拨 什么是定语从句？ 修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做定语从句。引导定语从句的关系词有： 关系代词：who,whom,whose,which,that 关系副词：when,where,why 我们把下面两个句子组合成一个复合句： 1.This is our school.It is beautiful. →This is our school which is beautiful. 2.This is our school.W e study in our school. →This is our school which we study in. →This is our school in which we study. →This is our school where we study. 3.Do you know the r oom?It is made of amber. →Do you know the room which is made of amber? 4.I have read the newspaper.It carries the important news. →I have r ead the newsp aper which carries the important news. 从上述定语从句的组合我们可以看出： 先行词和关系词的关系：关系代词实际上是先行词的复指；关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格。 1.A plane is a machine t hat can fly. the machine=that 2.The boy who brok e the window is called Wangkai. the boy=who 3.The boy whose p arents are working outside was b r oug ht up by his grandfather. the boy’s=whose 【高一英语语法（二）定语从句（二）356521限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句】
江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总 一、冠词The Article 知识要点： 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。 一、不定冠词的用法 1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple. 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library. A Li is looking for you. 一位姓李的同志正在找你。 3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如： I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4、用于某些固定词组中。如： a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。 5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如： This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。 It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。 It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。 二、定冠词的用法： 1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如： Beijing is the capital of China. The pen on the desk is mine. 2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如： Where is the teacher? Open the window, please. 3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如： There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. The baby was thin. 4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：
考点 03 主谓一致
【命题解读】 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主 谓一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致以及就 近一致三个方面上。 【命题预测】 主谓一致在高考中常与名词结合在一起进行综合考查，多以语法填空和短文改错的形 式出题，在完形填空中也会有所涉及，总体难度系数较低，纵观近年的高考真题，主谓一 致中的固定搭配是考查的重难点。预计 2018 年高考仍会沿袭这一命题规律。 【复习建议】 1. 掌握主谓一致的三个原则：语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致； 2. 掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配； 3. 掌握定语从句中的主谓一致； 4. 掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。
高考主谓一致的知识结构 一致原则 考点详解 例句 His father is working on the farm. 1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、 To study English well is not easy. 动名词短语或从句作主语时， 谓语动词一 语法一致 般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词 用复数形式。 The children were in the classroom two hours ago. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is very important for us all.
1
Lucy and Lily are twins. 2. 由连接词 and 或 both …… and 连接起来 的合成主语后面， 要用复数形式的谓语动 词。 She and I are classmates. The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 3. 主语为单数名词或代词， 尽管后面跟有 with，together with，except，but，like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides，including 等引起的短语， playground. 谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数， 谓语用复数形式。 She，like you and Tom，is very tall. Mr. Green ， together with his wife and children，has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the
4. either，neither，each，every 或 no + Each of us has a new book. 单数名词和由 some，any，no，every 构 Everything around us is matter. 成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。
He is one of my friends who are working 5. 在定语从句中，关系代词 that，who， hard. which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与 He is the only one of my friends who is 句中先行词的数一致。 working hard.
一致原则
考点详解 6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体， 它的谓
例句 Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a
语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其 monitor. 谓语动词就用复数形式。 语法一致 这些词有 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience 等。 注：people，police，cattle 等名词一般都 用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child. 7. 由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， There are a lot of people in the classroom.
2
高中英语语法总结 第一章主谓一致 (一) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项: 1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(像), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数. 如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质. No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。 2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如: The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人) A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物) 用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如: Serving the people is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我最大的幸福. When we’ll go o ut for an outing has been decided. 我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。 4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数. Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳. No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席. Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。 5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数.如:Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。 6. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如: Many a boy likes playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球. More than one student was late. 不只一个学生迟到 More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。 7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数. 如: None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。 None of this worries me. 这事一点不使我着急。 8. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如: His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如: A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。 9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night <天方夜谈>; 以及The United Nations<联合国> 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 10. “a +名词+and a half “, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词”等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如: Only one and a half apples is left on the table.
高中英语语法知识点总结 一、定语从句与强调句陷阱题详解 1、The factory was built in a secret place, around _________ high mountains、 A、 which was B、 it was C、 which were D、 them were 【陷阱】 容易误选A或B，将 A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。 【分析】 最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数 was。请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）：(1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _________ some fruit shops、 A、 which is B、 it is
C、 which are D、 them are(2) The murder happened in an old building, beside _________ the city police station、 A、 which are B、 it is C、 which is D、 them are(3) Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to _________ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food、 A、 which are B、 it is C、 which is D、 them are 2、 A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _________ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?” A、 that B、 which C、 where D、 what
语法：是一门研究英语语言构成规律的学科。 词 法 ———— 语法 ————句法 简单句：在句子中只包含一套主谓结构。 并列句：通常由一个连词连接的并列的句子。 复合句：〖大句套小句〗 一气：虚拟语气 二词：非谓语动词、情态动词 三句：名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句 语法 非谓语动词 一、 在句中不能作谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词 二、 啥样呢？ 1. 不定式：To do 2. 动名词：Doing 3. 分词：Done Eg1. The ocean and seas surrounding the islands are deep blue. 围绕着群岛的海洋是深蓝色的 Eg2. My mother ordered the homework to be done. ☆☆非谓语动词的宾补，其逻辑主语为前面宾语 ▲ 方法一：口诀法 非谓语，三要点。 句法 目 的 结 构 形容词 名词 数词 代词 动词 介词 副词 感叹词 冠词 连词 陈述句 疑问句 祈使句 感叹句 简单句 复合句 并列句 时态、语态 非谓语动词 情态动词 词法 名词性从句 状语从句 定语从句
变否定，NOT 前。 哼哈将，时逻关。 七仙女，记心间。 （一） 变否定 （二） 哼哈将 1.动词不定式 主动关系 被动关系 一般式 To do To be done 完成式 To have done To have been done 进行式 To be doing (To be being done) 完成进行式 To have being doing (To have been being done) ▲ 一般式：不定式的动作和谓语动词动作同时发生或在谓语动词之后的动作发生。 A A ：谓语动词 B ：不定式 ▲ 完成式：不定时动作在谓语动词动作之前发生。 A A ：谓语动词 B ：不定式 Eg3. Jay Chou taught us to sing 黄河大合唱 last night. ▲ 进行式：不定时的动作和谓语动词动作同时正在进行 A A ：谓语动词 B ：不定式 Eg4. When his mother entered, the boy pretended to be sleeping. ▲ 完成进行式：不定时的动作在谓语动词动作之前发生，一直持续到谓语动词动作，到谓 语动词动作为止。不定时的动作有可能刚刚结束，还有可能继续延续下去。 A A ：谓语动词 B ：不定式 Eg5. Mr. Zhong is said to have been working as a teacher for 10 years. 时间关系 逻辑关系 B B B B B B B B
人教版必修一各单元知识点总结 Unit One Friendship 一、重点短语 1.go through 经历，经受get through 通过；完成；接通电话 2. set down 记下，放下 3. a series of 一系列 4. on purpose 有目的的 5. in order to 为了 6. at dusk 傍晚，黄昏时刻 7. face to face 面对面 8. fall in love 爱上9. join in 参加（某个活动）；take part in 参加（活动） join 加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员） 10. calm down 冷静下来11. suffer from 遭受12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦 13. be concerned about 关心14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽15. be good at/do well in 擅长于…16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是…17. no longer / not …any longer 不再…18. too much 太多（后接不可数n.）much too 太…(后接adj.)19. not…until 直到…才20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做…并不开心 21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为…make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 二、语法----直接引语和间接引语 概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。 例：Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.” Mr. Black said that he was busy. 变化规则 （一）陈述句的变化规则 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that（可省略）引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。 人称的变化——人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思 例：1. He said, “ I like it very much.”→He said that he liked it very much. 2. He said to me, “I’v left my book in your room.” →He told me that he had left his book in my room. 时态的变化