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人教A版高中数学三维设计必修4课时跟踪检测

人教A版高中数学三维设计必修4课时跟踪检测
人教A版高中数学三维设计必修4课时跟踪检测

阶段质量检测(一) 三角函数

(时间120分钟 满分150分)

一、选择题(本大题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)

1.y =sin x

2

是( )

A .周期为4π的奇函数

B .周期为π

2的奇函数

C .周期为π的偶函数

D .周期为2π的偶函数

解析:选A y =sin x 2为奇函数,T =2π

1

2

=4π,故选A.

2.1弧度的圆心角所对的弧长为6,则这个圆心角所夹的扇形的面积是( ) A .3 B .6 C .18

D .36

解析:选C ∵l =αr ,∴6=1×r . ∴r =6.

∴S =12lr =1

2

×6×6=18.

3.若-π

2<α<0,则点P (tan α,cos α)位于( )

A .第一象限

B .第二象限

C .第三象限

D .第四象限 解析:选B ∵-π

2<α<0,

∴tan α<0,cos α>0,

∴点P (tan α,cos α)位于第二象限.

4.已知sin α+3cos α

3cos α-sin α=5,则sin 2α-sin αcos α的值是( )

A.25 B .-25

C .-2

D .2 解析:选A 由sin α+3cos α

3cos α-sin α

=5,得12cos α=6sin α,

即tan α=2,所以sin 2

α-sin αcos α=sin 2α-sin αcos αsin 2α+cos 2α=tan 2α-tan αtan 2α+1

=2

5.

5.函数y =tan ????π2-x ????x ∈????-π4,π

4且x ≠0的值域为( ) A .[-1,1] B .(-∞,-1]∪[1,+∞) C .(-∞,1] D .[-1,+∞) 解析:选B ∵x ∈????-π4,π

4且x ≠0, ∴π2-x ∈????π4,3π4且π2-x ≠π

2, 即π

2-x ∈????π4,π2∪????π2,3π4, 当π

2-x ∈????π4,π2时,y ≥1; 当π

2

-x ∈????π2,3π4时,y ≤-1, ∴函数的值域是(-∞,-1]∪[1,+∞).

6.将函数y =sin ????x -π

3的图象上所有点的横坐标伸长到原来的2倍(纵坐标不变),再将所得的图象向左平移π

3

个单位,得到的图象对应的解析式为( )

A .y =sin 1

2x

B .y =sin ????

12x -π2 C .y =sin ???

?12x -π6 D .y =sin ?

???2x -π

6 解析:选C 将函数y =sin ????x -π

3的图象上所有点的横坐标伸长到原来的2倍(纵坐标不变),即将x 变为12x ,即可得y =sin ????12x -π3,然后将其图象向左平移π

3个单位,即将x 变为x +π

3

.

∴y =sin ???

?1

2????x +π3-π3=sin ???

?12x -π6. 7.设函数f (x )=sin ????2x +π

3,则下列结论正确的是( ) A .f (x )的图象关于直线x =π

3对称

B .f (x )的图象关于点????

π4,0对称

C .把f (x )的图象向左平移π

12个单位,得到一个偶函数的图象

D .f (x )的最小正周期为π,且在???

?0,π

6上为增函数 解析:选C 当x =π3时,2x +π

3

=π,f (x )=sin π=0,不合题意,A 不正确;

当x =π4时,2x +π3=5π6,f (x )=sin 5π6=1

2

,B 不正确;

把f (x )的图象向左平移π

12个单位,得到函数y =sin ????2????x +π12+π3=sin ????2x +π2=cos 2x ,是偶函数,C 正确;

当x =π12时,f ????π12=sin π2=1,当x =π6时,f ????π6=sin 2π3=32<1,在????0,π6上f (x )不是增函数,D 不正确.

8.中国最高的摩天轮是“南昌之星”,它的最高点离地面160米,直径为156米,并以每30分钟一周的速度匀速旋转,若从最低点开始计时,则摩天轮运行5分钟后离地面的高度为( )

A .41米

B .43米

C .78米

D .118米

解析:选B 摩天轮转轴离地面高160-1562=82(米),ω=2πT =π

15,摩天轮上某个点P

离地面的高度h (米)与时间t (分钟)的函数关系是h =82-78cos π

15

t ,当摩天轮运行5分钟时,其离地面高度为h =82-78cos π15t =82-78×1

2

=43(米).

二、填空题(本大题共7小题,多空题每题6分,单空题每题4分,共36分.请把正确答案填在题中横线上)

9.已知sin(π-α)=-2

3,且α∈????-π2,0,则tan(2π-α)=________. 解析:sin(π-α)=sin α=-2

3,

∵α∈????-π

2,0, ∴cos α=1-sin 2α=

5

3

, tan(2π-α)=-tan α=-sin αcos α=25

5

. 答案:

25

5

10.已知角θ的终边过点(4,-3),则cos(π-θ)=________,sin θ

sin θ+cos θ=________.

解析:∵角θ的终边过(4,-3), ∴cos θ=45,sin θ=-3

5.

∴cos(π-θ)=-cos θ=-4

5

.

sin θ

sin θ+cos θ

=-

35

-35+45=-3.

答案:-4

5

-3

11.已知函数y =A sin(ωx +φ)+BA >0,ω>0,|φ|<π

2的周期为T ,在

一个周期内的图象如图所示,则T =________,φ=________.

解析:由题图可知T =2????

4π3+2π3=4π, A =1

2(2+4)=3,B =-1.

∵T =4π,∴ω=1

2

.

令12×4π3+φ=π2,得φ=-π6. 答案:4π -π6

12.函数f (x )=2cos ????4x +π3-1的最小正周期为________,f ????π

3=________. 解析:∵f (x )=2cos ????4x +π

3-1, ∴其最小正周期为2π4=π

2

f ????π3=2cos ????43π+π3-1=2cos ????2π-π3-1 =2cos π3-1=2×1

2-1=0.

答案:π2

13.已知函数y =A sin(ωx +φ)(A >0,ω>0)的最大值为3,最小正周期是2π7,初相是π

6,

则这个函数的解析式为________________,单调减区间为________________.

解析:由题意,知A =3,ω=

2πT =2π2π7

=7,φ=π

6

, ∴y =3sin ?

???7x +π6, 由2k π+π2≤7x +π6≤2k π+3π

2,k ∈Z.

得2k 7π+π21≤x ≤2k 7π+4

21

π,

∴这个函数的单调减区间为????2k 7π+π21,2k 7π+4

21π,k ∈Z. 答案:y =3sin ????7x +π6 ???

?2k 7π+π21,2k 7π+4

21π,k ∈Z 14.已知函数y =tan ωx (ω>0)的图象的相邻两支截直线y =1和y =2所得的线段长分别为m ,n ,则m ,n 的大小关系是________.

解析:∵两条直线所截得的线段长都为y =tan ωx (ω>0)的最小正周期,∴m =n =π

ω.

答案:m =n

15.将函数f (x )=2sin ????ωx -π3(ω>0)的图象向左平移π

3ω个单位得到函数y =g (x )的图象.若y =g (x )在???

?-π6,π

4上为增函数,则ω的最大值为______. 解析:根据题意得g (x )=2sin ωx ,又y =g (x )在???-π6,π4上为增函数,∴T 4≥π

4,即ω≤2,所以ω的最大值为2.

答案:2

三、解答题(本大题共5小题,共74分.解答时应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤)

16.(本小题满分14分)已知cos ????π2+θ=1

2, 求

cos (3π+θ)

cos θ[cos (π+θ)-1]

cos (θ-4π)

cos (θ+2π)cos (3π+θ)+cos (-θ)

的值.

解:因为cos ????π2+θ=-sin θ,所以sin θ=-12. 原式=-cos θcos θ(-cos θ-1)+cos θ

cos θ(-cos θ)+cos θ

11+cos θ+11-cos θ=21-cos 2θ=2

sin 2θ

=8. 17.(本小题满分15分)设函数f (x )=sin(2x +φ)(-π<φ<0),y =f (x )图象的一条对称轴是直线x =π

8

.

(1)求φ;

(2)求函数y =f (x )的单调增区间.

解:(1)∵x =π

8是函数y =f (x )的图象的对称轴,

∴sin ????2×π

8+φ=±1.

∴π4+φ=k π+π

2,k ∈Z. ∵-π<φ<0,∴φ=-3π4

. (2)由(1)知φ=-

4

, 因此y =sin ?

???2x -3π4. 由题意得2k π-π2≤2x -3π4≤2k π+π

2,k ∈Z.

∴k π+π8≤x ≤k π+5π

8

,k ∈Z.

∴函数y =sin ?

???2x -3π

4的单调增区间为 ?

???k π+π8,k π+5π8,k ∈Z.

18.(本小题满分15分)函数f (x )=3sin ????2x +π

6的部分图象如图所示. (1)写出f (x )的最小正周期及图中x 0,y 0的值. (2)求f (x )在区间????-π2

,-π

12上的最大值和最小值.

解:(1)f (x )的最小正周期为π,x 0=7π

6,y 0=3.

(2)因为x ∈????-π2,-π12, 所以2x +π

6∈????-5π6

,0, 于是当2x +π6=0,即x =-π

12时,f (x )取得最大值0;

当2x +π6=-π2,即x =-π

3时,f (x )取得最小值-3.

19.(本小题满分15分)已知f (x )=3sin ????2x +π

4-1. (1)f (x )的图象是由y =sin x 的图象如何变换而来?

(2)求f (x )的最小正周期、图象的对称轴方程、最大值及其对应的x 的值.

解:(1)将函数y =sin x 图象上每一点的横坐标不变,纵坐标伸长到原来的3倍得到函数y =3sin x 的图象,再把所得函数图象上每一点的横坐标缩短为原来的1

2

倍(纵坐标不变),

得到函数y =3sin 2x 的图象,再把所得函数的图象向左平移π

8个单位长度,得到函数y =

3sin ????2x +π

4的图象,再把所得函数的图象向下平移一个单位长度,得到函数f (x )=3sin ?

???2x +π

4-1的图象. (2)最小正周期T =π,由2x +π4=π

2+k π(k ∈Z),

得对称轴方程为x =π8+k π

2(k ∈Z).

当2x +π4=π

2

+2k π(k ∈Z),

即x =π

8

+k π(k ∈Z)时,f (x )取得最大值2.

20.(本小题满分15分)已知函数f (x )=A sin(ωx +φ)+B ????A >0,ω>0,-π2<φ<π

2的一系列对应值如下表:

(1)根据表格提供的数据求函数f (x )的一个解析式. (2)根据(1)的结果,若函数y =f (kx )(k >0)周期为2π

3

,当x ∈????0,π3时,方程f (kx )=m 恰有两个不同的解,求实数m 的取值范围.

解:(1)设f (x )的最小正周期为T , 得T =

11π6-???

?

-π6=2π,所以ω=1, 易知B >0,又????? B +A =3,B -A =-1,解得?????

A =2,

B =1.

令ω·5π6+φ=2k π+π

2,k ∈Z ,

且-π2<φ<π2,得φ=-π3,

所以f (x )=2sin ???

?x -π

3+1. (2)因为函数f (kx )=2sin ????kx -π3+1的周期为2π

3, 又k >0,所以k =3.

令t =3x -π

3

,因为x ∈????0,π3,所以t ∈????-π3,2π3,如图:

sin t =s 在t ∈????-π3,2π3上有两个不同的解必须满足s ∈????3

2,1,所以方程y =f (kx )(k >0)在x ∈????0,π

3时恰好有两个不同的解必须满足m ∈[3+1,3),即实数m 的取值范围是[3+1,3).

阶段质量检测(二) 平面向量

(时间120分钟 满分150分)

一、选择题(本大题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)

1.已知平面向量a =(2,-1),b =(1,3),那么|a +b |等于( ) A .5 B.13 C.17

D .13

解析:选B 因为a +b =(3,2),所以|a +b |=32+22=13,故选B. 2.已知向量m =(λ+1,1),n =(λ+2,2),若(m +n )⊥(m -n ),则λ=( ) A .-4 B .-3 C .-2

D .-1

解析:选B 因为m +n =(2λ+3,3),m -n =(-1,-1),由(m +n )⊥(m -n ),可得(m +n )·(m -n )=(2λ+3,3)·(-1,-1)=-2λ-6=0,解得λ=-3.

3.设点A (-1,2),B (2,3),C (3,-1),且 AD =2

AB -3 BC ,则点D 的坐标为( )

A .(2,16)

B .(-2,-16)

C .(4,16)

D .(2,0)

解析:选A 设D (x ,y ),由题意可知 AD =(x +1,y -2),

AB =(3,1), BC =

(1,-4),

∴2

AB -3 BC =2(3,1)-3(1,-4)=(3,14).

∴????? x +1=3,y -2=14,∴?????

x =2,y =16.

故选A. 4.某人在静水中游泳,速度为4 3 km/h ,水流的速度为4 km/h.他沿着

垂直于对岸的方向前进,那么他实际前进的方向与河岸的夹角为( )

A .90 °

B .30°

C .45°

D .60°

解析: 选D 如图,用 OA 表示水速,

OB 表示某人垂直游向对岸的速

度,则实际前进方向与河岸的夹角为∠AOC .

于是tan ∠AOC =| AC ||

OA |=|

OB || OA |=|v 静||v 水|

=3, ∴∠AOC =60°,故选D.

5.设D 、E 、F 分别是△ABC 的三边BC 、CA 、AB 上的点,且

DC

=2 BD , CE =2 EA , AF =2 FB ,则 AD + BE + CF 与

BC

( )

A .反向平行

B .同向平行

C .互相垂直

D .既不平行也不垂直

解析:选A ∵ AD + BE + CF =( AB + BD )+( BA +

AE )+( CB + BF )

=13 BC +13

AC +????

CB +13 BA =13 BA +13 BC +13 AC + CB =-13

BC , ∴( AD + BE +

CF )与 BC 平行且方向相反.

6.设a ,b 是两个非零向量( ) A .若|a +b |=|a |-|b |,则a ⊥b B .若a ⊥b ,则a +b =|a |-|b |

C .若|a +b |=|a |-|b |,则存在实数λ,使得b =λa

D .若存在实数λ,使得b =λa ,则|a +b |=|a |-|b |

解析:选C 若|a +b |=|a |-|b |,则a ,b 共线,即存在实数λ,使得a =λb ,故C 正确;选项A :当|a +b |=|a |-|b |时,a ,b 可为异向的共线向量;选项B :若a ⊥b ,由矩形得|a +b |=|a |-|b |不成立;选项D :若存在实数λ,使得b =λa ,a ,b 可为同向的共线向量,此时显然 |a +b |=|a |-|b |不成立.

7.已知平面上直线l 与e 所在直线平行且e =???

?-45,3

5,点O (0,0)和A (1,-2)在l 上的射影分别是O ′和A ′,则O A ''

=λe ,其中λ等于( )

A.115 B .-115 C .2 D .-2

解析:选D 由题意可知|O A '' |=|OA |cos(π-θ)(θ为OA

与e 的夹角).

∵O (0,0),A (1,-2),∴OA

=(1,-2).

∵e =????-45,35,∴OA ·e =1×????-45+(-2)×35

=-2=|OA |·|e |·cos θ,∴|OA |·cos θ

=-2.

又∵|O A ''

|=|λ|·|e |,∴λ=±2.

又由已知可得λ<0,∴λ=-2,故选D. 8.在△ABC 中,有下列四个命题:

①AB -AC =BC ;

②AB +BC +CA

=0;

③若(AB +AC )·(AB -AC )=0,则△ABC 为等腰三角形;

④若AC ·AB

>0,则△ABC 为锐角三角形.

其中正确的命题有( ) A .①② B .①④ C .②③ D .②③④

解析:选C ∵AB -AC =CB =-BC ≠BC ,∴①错误.AB +BC +CA =AC

+CA =AC

-AC =0,∴②正确.由(AB +AC )·(AB -AC )=2AB -2AC =0,得|AB |=|AC |,∴△ABC 为等腰三角形,③正确.AC ·AB >0?cos 〈AC ,AB

〉>0,

即cos A >0,∴A 为锐角,但不能确定B ,C 的大小,∴不能判定△ABC 是否为锐角三角形,∴④错误,故选C.

二、填空题(本大题共7小题,多空题每题6分,单空题每题4分,共36分.请把正确答案填在题中横线上)

9.已知向量a ,b 的夹角为120°,|a |=1,|b |=3,则|5a -b |=________. 解析:|5a -b |=|5a -b |2=(5a -b )2 =25a 2+b 2-10a ·b = 25+9-10×1×3×???

?-1

2 =7. 答案:7

10.在△ABC 中,点M ,N 满足AM =2MC ,BN =NC .若MN

=x AB +y AC ,

则x =________,y =________.

解析:∵AM =2MC

,∴AM =23AC .

∵BN =NC ,∴AN =12

(AB +AC ),

∴MN =AN AN -AM =12(AB +AC )-23AC

=12AB

-16

AC . 又MN =x AB +y AC ,

∴x =12,y =-16.

答案:12 -16

11.已知向量a ,b 是互相垂直的单位向量,且c·a =c·b =-1,则|c |=________,|a -2b +3c |=________.

解析:不妨设a =(1,0),b =(0,1),c =(x ,y ),则c ·a =x =-1,c·b =y =-1,所以c =(-1,-1),|c |= 2.所以a -2b +3c =(-2,-5),所以|a -2b +3c |=(-2)2+(-5)2=29.

答案:2

29

12.若向量a 与b 满足|a |=2,|b |=2,(a -b )⊥a .则向量a 与b 的夹角等于________,|a +b |=________.

解析:因为(a -b )⊥a ,所以(a -b )·a =a 2-a·b =0,所以a·b =2,所以cos 〈a ,b 〉=

a·b |a||b|=

22×2=22

,所以〈a ,b 〉=π

4.因为|a +b |2=a 2+2a·b +b 2=2+2×2+4=10,所以|a +b |

=10.

答案:π

4

10

13.设非零向量a ,b 的夹角为θ,记f (a ,b )=a cos θ-b sin θ,若e 1,e 2均为单位向量,且e 1·e 2=

3

2

,则向量f (e 1,e 2)的模为________,向量f (e 1,e 2)与f (e 2,-e 1)的夹角为________. 解析:∵e 1·e 2=

3

2

,且e 1,e 2均为单位向量,∴向量e 1与e 2的夹角为30°, ∴f (e 1,e 2)=e 1cos 30°-e 2sin 30°=32e 1-1

2

e 2, ∴|

f (e 1,e 2)|= ???

?32e 1-12e 22

34e 21-32e 1·e 2+14e 22=12

. ∵向量e 1与e 2的夹角为30°,∴向量e 2与-e 1的夹角为150°, ∴f (e 2,-e 1)=e 2cos 150°+e 1sin 150°=12e 1-3

2e 2,

∴f (e 1,e 2)·f (e 2,-e 1)=

????32

e 1-12e 2·????12e 1-32e 2=34e 21-e 1·

e 2+34e 22=0, 故向量

f (e 1,e 2)与f (e 2,-e 1)的夹角为π

2.

答案:12 π

2

14.已知向量AB 与AC 的夹角为120 °,且|AB |=3,|AC |=2.若AP =λAB +AC

,且AP ⊥BC

,则实数λ的值为________.

解析:BC =AC -AB ,由于AP ⊥BC ,所以AP ·BC

=0,

即(λAB +AC )·(AC

-AB )=-λAB 2+AC 2+(λ-1)·AB ·AC =-9λ+4+(λ-1)×3×2×???

?-1

2=0,解得λ=7

12

. 答案:

712

15.如图,在直角梯形ABCD 中,AB ∥CD ,AB =2,AD =DC =1,

P 是线段BC 上一动点,Q 是线段DC 上一动点,DQ =λDC ,CP

(1-λ)CB

,则AP ·AQ 的取值范围是________.

解析:建立如图所示的平面直角坐标系,则D (0,1),C (1,1).设

Q (m ,n ),由DQ =λDC

得,(m ,n -1)=λ(1,0),即m =λ,n =1.又

B (2,0),设P (s ,t ),由CP =(1-λ)CB

得,(s -1,t -1)=(1-λ)(1,

-1),即s =2-λ,t =λ,所以AP ·AQ =λ(2-λ)+λ=-λ2

+3λ,λ∈[0,1].故AP ·AQ ∈

[0,2].

答案:[0,2]

三、解答题(本大题共5小题,共74分.解答时应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤)

16.(本小题满分14分)平面内有向量 OA =(1,7), OB =(5,1),

OP =(2,1),点M 为

直线OP 上的一动点.

(1)当 MA ·

MB 取最小值时,求 OM 的坐标; (2)在(1)的条件下,求cos ∠AMB 的值.

解:(1)设

OM =(x ,y ),∵点M 在直线OP 上,

∴向量 OM 与 OP 共线,又

OP =(2,1).

∴x ×1-y ×2=0,即x =2y .

∴ OM =(2y ,y ).又 MA MA =

OA - OM , OA =(1,7), ∴

MA =(1-2y,7-y ).

同理 MB =

OB - OM =(5-2y,1-y ).

于是 MA ·

MB =(1-2y )(5-2y )+(7-y )(1-y )=5y 2-20y +12. 可知当y =20

2×5

=2时, MA ·

MB 有最小值-8,此时 OM =(4,2). (2)当

OM =(4,2),即y =2时, 有 MA =(-3,5),

MB =(1,-1),

| MA |=34,|

MB |=2, MA ·

MB =(-3)×1+5×(-1)=-8.

cos ∠AMB = MA ·

MB | MA || MB |

=-834×2=-41717.

17.(本小题满分15分)已知O ,A ,B 是平面上不共线的三点,直线AB 上有一点C ,

满足2 AC +

CB =0,

(1)用 OA , OB 表示 OC .

(2)若点D 是OB 的中点,证明四边形OCAD 是梯形.

解:(1)因为2 AC +

CB =0,

所以2( OC - OA )+( OB -

OC )=0, 2 OC -2 OA + OB -

OC =0,

所以 OC =2 OA - OB .

(2)证明:如图,

DA = DO + OA =-12

OB + OA =12

(2

OA - OB ). 故 DA =12

OC .即DA ∥OC ,且DA ≠OC ,故四边形OCAD 为梯形.

18.(本小题满分15分)

如图,平行四边形ABCD 中, AB =a ,

AD =b ,H ,M 分别是

AD ,DC 的中点,F 使BF =1

3

BC .

(1)以a ,b 为基底表示向量 AM 与

HF ;

(2)若|a |=3,|b |=4,a 与b 的夹角为120°,求 AM ·

HF . 解:(1)连接AF ,由已知得 AM = AD +DM ―→=1

2

a +

b .

∵ AF = AB + BF =a +13

b ,

∴ HF =HA ―→+ AF =-12b +????a +13b =a -1

6

b . (2)由已知得a ·b =|a ||b |cos 120°=3×4×????-1

2 =-6,

从而 AM ·

HF

=????12a +b ·????a -16b =12|a |2+1112a ·b -16

|b |2 =12×32+1112×(-6)-16×42=-113

. 19.(本小题满分15分)在△ABC 中, AB · AC =0,|

AB |=12,| BC |=15,l 为线段

BC 的垂直平分线,l 与BC 交于点D ,E 为l 上异于D 的任意一点.

(1)求 AD ·

CB 的值;

(2)判断 AE ·

CB 的值是否为一个常数,并说明理由.

解:(1)∵ AB ·

AC =0,∴AB ⊥AC .

又|

AB |=12,| BC |=15,∴| AC |=9.

由已知可得 AD =12( AB +

AC ), CB = AB - AC ,

∴ AD ·

CB =12( AB + AC )·( AB - AC ) =12

( 2

AB - 2AC ) =12(144-81)=632

. (2) AE ·

CB 的值为一个常数. 理由:∵l 为线段BC 的垂直平分线,l 与BC 交于点D ,E 为l 上异于D 的任意一点,

∴ DE ·

CB =0. 故 AE ·

CB =( AD + DE )· CB = AD · CB + DE · CB = AD · CB =632. 20.(本小题满分15分)在平面直角坐标系中,O 为坐标原点,已知向量a =(-1,2),且点A (8,0),B (n ,t ),C (k sin θ,t ),θ∈???

?0,π

2. (1)若 AB ⊥a ,且|

AB |=5| OA |,求向量 OB ;

(2)若向量 AC 与向量a 共线,当k >4,且t sin θ取最大值4时,求 OA ·

OC . 解:(1)因为 AB =(n -8,t ),且

AB ⊥a ,

所以8-n +2t =0,即n =8+2t .

又|

AB |=5| OA |,

所以5×64=(n -8)2+t 2=5t 2,解得t =±8.

所以

OB =(24,8)或(-8,-8).

(2)因为 AC =(k sin θ-8,t ),

AC 与a 共线,

所以t =-2k sin θ+16. 又t sin θ=(-2k sin θ+16)sin θ =-2k ????sin θ-4k 2+32k , 当k >4时,1>4

k >0,

所以当sin θ=4k 时,t sin θ取得最大值32

k

由32k =4,得k =8,此时θ=π

6,故 OC =(4,8),

所以 OA · OC =8×4+8×0=32.

阶段质量检测(三) 三角恒等变换

(时间120分钟 满分150分)

一、选择题(本大题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)

1.已知α是第二象限角,且cos α=-3

5,则cos ????π4-α的值是( ) A.2

10

B .-

210

C.7210

D .-7210

解析:选A 由题意,sin α=4

5

所以cos ????π4-α=cos π4cos α+sin π4sin α=210. 2.函数f (x )=sin x -cos ????x +π

6的值域为( ) A .[-2,2] B.[]-3,3 C .[-1,1]

D.??

?

?

32,

32 解析:选B f (x )=sin x -????cos x cos π6-sin x sin π

6 =sin x -32cos x +1

2

sin x =3

???

?32sin x -12cos x

=3sin ????x -π6, ∵x ∈R ,∴x -π

6∈R ,

∴f (x )∈[]-3,3. 3.设a =2

2

(sin 17°+cos 17°),b =2cos 213°-1,c =sin 37°·sin 67°+sin 53°sin 23°,则( )

A .c

B .b

C .a

D .b

解析:选A a =cos 45°sin 17°+sin 45°cos 17° =sin(17°+45°)=sin 62°, b =cos 26°=sin 64°,

c =sin 37°cos 23°+cos 37°sin 23°=sin(37°+23°) =sin 60°, 故c

4.已知sin(α-β)cos α-cos(α-β)sin α=45,且β是第三象限角,则cos β2的值等于( )

A .±5

5

B .±255

C .-

55

D .-255

解析:选A 由已知,得sin[(α-β)-α]=sin(-β)=4

5,

故sin β=-4

5

.

∵β在第三象限,∴cos β=-3

5.

∴cos β2

=±

1+cos β

2

=±15=±55

. 5.化简:tan ????π4+α·

cos 2α2cos 2????π4-α的值为( )

A .-2

B .2

C .-1

D .1

解析:选D tan ????π4+α·

cos 2α2cos 2???

?π4-α

=sin ????π4+α·cos 2α2sin 2

????α+π4cos ???

4+α

cos 2α

2sin ????π4+αcos ???

?α+π4

cos 2αsin 2????π4+α=cos 2αsin ???

?π2+2α=cos 2α

cos 2α=1. 6.在△ABC 中,已知tan A +B

2=sin C ,则△ABC 的形状为( )

A .正三角形

B .等腰三角形

C .直角三角形

D .等腰直角三角形

解析:选C 在△ABC 中,tan A +B 2=sin C =sin(A +B )=2sin A +B 2cos A +B

2

,∴2cos 2

A +

B 2=1,∴cos(A +B )=0,从而A +B =π

2

,即△ABC 为直角三角形. 7.已知方程x 2+4ax +3a +1=0(a >1)的两根为tan α,tan β,且α,β∈????-π2,π

2,则tan α+β

2

的值为( )

A .-2 B.12 C.43

D.1

2

或-2 解析:选A 根据题意得tan α+tan β=-4a ,tan α·tan β=3a +1,∴tan(α+β)=tan α+tan β1-tan αtan β=-4a -3a =4

3

.

又∵a >1,∴tan α+tan β<0,tan αtan β>0, ∴tan α<0,tan β<0.

又∵α,β∈????-π2,π2,∴α,β∈????-π

2,0, ∴-π2<α+β

2<0,∴tan α+β2<0,

由tan(α+β)=2tan

α+β

2

1-tan 2α+β2得

2tan 2α+β2+3tan α+β2-2=0,

∴tan α+β2=-2???

?tan α+β2=12舍去. 8.已知0<β<α<π

2,点P (1,43)为角α的终边上一点,且sin αsin ????π2-β+cos αcos ????π2+β=33

14

,则角β=( ) A.π12 B.π6 C.π4

D.π3

解析:选D ∵P (1,43),∴|OP |=7, ∴sin α=

437,cos α=1

7

. 又sin αcos β-cos αsin β=

3314,∴sin(α-β)=33

14

.

∵0<β<α<π2,∴0<α-β<π

2

∴cos(α-β)=13

14,∴sin β=sin[α-(α-β)]

=sin αcos(α-β)-cos αsin(α-β) =

437×1314-17×3314=3

2

. ∵0<β<π2,∴β=π3

.

二、填空题(本大题共7小题,多空题每题6分,单空题每题4分,共36分.请把正确答案填在题中横线上)

9.若tan ????α+π

4=3+22,则1-cos 2αsin 2α

=________. 解析:由tan ????α+π4=1+tan α1-tan α=3+22,得tan α=22,∴1-cos 2αsin 2α=2sin 2

α2sin αcos α=tan α=

2

2. 答案:

22

10.3tan 12°-3

(4cos 2

12°-2)sin 12°=________. 解析:原式=3·

sin 12°

cos 12°

-32(2cos 212°-1)sin 12°

=23????12sin 12°-32cos 12°

cos 12°2cos 24°sin 12°=23sin (-48°)

2cos 24°sin 12°cos 12°

=-23sin 48°sin 24°cos 24°=-23sin 48°

1

2sin 48°=-4 3. 答案:-4 3

11.式子“cos( )(1+3tan 10°)=1”,在括号里填上一个锐角,使得此式成立,则所填锐角为________.

解析:设cos α·(1+3tan 10°)=1,则cos α=11+3tan 10°=cos 10°

cos 10°+3sin 10°

cos 10°2sin 40°

sin 80°

2sin 40°

=cos 40°.

又α为锐角,故α=40°.

新人教版必修一 Unit5 Period 1课时跟踪检测

Unit 5 Languages Around the World Period One 1.Chinese c__________ are made out of simple basic strokes. 2. C is the art of producing beautiful handwriting using a brush. 3. Like China, the USA is a large country in which many different d are spoken. 4. The rose is regarded as a s of love in both China and some Western countries. 5. Carbon dioxide(CO?) is one of the main (因素) in global warming which is negatively affecting everyone. II.Blank filling.(在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。) 1.Diligence is the means which one makes up for one's dullness(迟钝). 2. Health problems _________ (connect) with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise. 3. There are various reasons people choose to learn a foreign language 4. In the last few years the city of Bozhou has spread out rapidly in all (direction). 5. the growing heat these workers are still all in top hats and heavy uniforms. 6. They enjoy participating in a wide ________(various) of activities, both locally and further afield. 7. To meet the needs of _________ unified country, the First Qin Emperor took a series of measures. 8. We think that peace is not only a distant goal we seek, it is a means by which we arrive at that goal. 9. Today, Spanish is the world’s fourth most commonly(speak) language, after Chinese, English and Hindi. 10. Changing the attitude _____ learning foreign languages may be a hard task but the government decides to try! 1. I live in the place which the medicine capital city Bozhou. 2. students are registering for extra-curricular activities. 3. Every means has been tried, but we find only _______________ can we learn English well. 4. Chinese is an old language, and its earliest characters nearly four thousand years ago. 5. Because of his broken English, he couldn’t make himself understood, which the embarrassment. 6. The designer, with whom I have been working since 1999, shaping my views of the work. 7. There are extra-curricular activities including sports, painting, dancing and playing music as well. 8. It is what parents say and do in family life, which may have a life-long effect on their children. 9. In southern China,bats the door, because they are symbols of luck, health, wealth and happiness. 10. The school year two semesters, the first of which is September through December, the second January through May. IV. Cloze. (在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。) Nobody wants to be aged, but____1____it comes to visiting cities, most of us want to visit the world's oldest cities. Luoyang is one of the oldest and most ____2____(attract) cities in the world that I'd like to recommend to you. Luoyang stands out ____3____the oldest continually inhabited (持续居住的) city in Asia. The city is considered to be ____4____birthplace of Chinese culture and history as well as being one of the Seven Ancient Capitals of China. There ____5____ (be) no other city in China that has seen so many____6____(dynasty) like Luoyang. With such a long and exciting history, Luoyang has really a lot ____7____ (offer). The longmen Grottoes(龙门石窟), which ____8____(include) in the world Heritage List (世界遗产名录)since 2000, and many historic Buddhist temples constantly attract tourists from all over the world. Luoyang is also famous 9 the White Horse Temple, the earliest Buddhist temple ____10____(build) in China. Are you anxious to visit the city? V. Reading Comprehension

人教语文必修四课时跟踪检测(十二) 苏武传+Word版含答案

课时跟踪检测(十二) 苏武传 (时间:40分钟 满分:50分) 一、基础巩固(18分,每小题3分) 1.下列各句中加点词语的解释不正确的一项是( ) A .单于使使晓武,会论. 虞常 论:判罪 B .汉使张胜谋杀单于近臣, 当. 死 当:应当 C .扶辇下除. ,触柱折辕 除:殿阶 D .律前负. 汉归匈奴 负:背叛 解析:选B B 项,“当”,判处。 2.下列句子中,没有通假字的一句是( ) A .与旃毛并咽之 B .掘野鼠去草实而食之 C .大臣亡罪夷灭者数十家 D .武与副中郎将张胜及假吏常惠等募士斥候百余人俱 解析:选D A 项,“旃”同“毡”;B 项,“去”同“弆”;C 项,“亡”同“无”。 3.下列各组句子中,加点词的意义和用法完全相同的一组是( ) A.????? ①少以.父任,兄弟并为郎②恐前语发,以. 状语武 B.????? ①乃.徙武北海上无人处②使牧羝,羝乳乃.得归 C.????? ①久之.,单于使陵至海上②宜皆降之. D.????? ①虽.生,何面目以归汉②虽.蒙斧钺汤镬,诚甘乐之 解析:选D D 项,均为连词,即使。A 项,第一个“以”,介词,意为“因为”;第二个“以”,介词,意为“把”。B 项,第一个“乃”,连词,意为“于是”;第二个“乃”,副词,意为“才”。C 项,第一个“之”为音节助词,无实义;第二个“之”,代词,“他们”。 4.下列各句中,加点词语的意义与现代汉语相同的一项是( ) A .汉天子我丈人.. 行也 B .会缑王与长水虞常等谋反.. 匈奴中 C .武使匈奴,明年.. ,陵降,不敢求武 D .武父子亡功德,皆为陛下所成就..

人教版新课标高中数学必修四 全册教案

按住Ctrl 键单击鼠标打开教学视频动画全册播放 1.1.1 任意角 教学目标 (一) 知识与技能目标 理解任意角的概念(包括正角、负角、零角) 与区间角的概念. (二) 过程与能力目标 会建立直角坐标系讨论任意角,能判断象限角,会书写终边相同角的集合;掌握区间角的集合的书写. (三) 情感与态度目标 1. 提高学生的推理能力; 2.培养学生应用意识. 教学重点 任意角概念的理解;区间角的集合的书写. 教学难点 终边相同角的集合的表示;区间角的集合的书写. 教学过程 一、引入: 1.回顾角的定义 ①角的第一种定义是有公共端点的两条射线组成的图形叫做角. ②角的第二种定义是角可以看成平面内一条射线绕着端点从一个位置旋转到另一个位置所形成的图形. 二、新课: 1.角的有关概念: ①角的定义: 角可以看成平面内一条射线绕着端点从一个位置旋转到另一个位置所形成的图形. ②角的名称: ③角的分类: ④注意: ⑴在不引起混淆的情况下,“角α ”或“∠α ”可以简化成“α ”; ⑵零角的终边与始边重合,如果α是零角α =0°; ⑶角的概念经过推广后,已包括正角、负角和零角. ⑤练习:请说出角α、β、γ各是多少度? 2.象限角的概念: ①定义:若将角顶点与原点重合,角的始边与x 轴的非负半轴重合,那么角的终边(端点除外)在第几象限,我们就说这个角是第几象限角. 例1.如图⑴⑵中的角分别属于第几象限角? 正角:按逆时针方向旋转形成的角 零角:射线没有任何旋转形成的角 负角:按顺时针方向旋转形成的角 始边 终边 顶点 A O B

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