名词性从句的关联词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
连接词：that, whether ,if （不充当从句的任何成分）
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which
连接副词：when, where, how, why
1.引导名词性从句的关联词有；连接词that, if, whether; 连接代词who, what, which; 连接副词when, where, how, why等。
1.1 that
连词that本身没有意义，在从句中不担任任何句子成分，在宾语从句中有时可省略。
I hear (that) he has joined the football club.
That light travels in straight line is known to all.
It so happens that I know the man.
Is it certain that they will win.
1.2 whether和if 做连接词
1.2.1 whether可以连接所有的名词性从句，而if只能引导宾语从句。
I didn't know whether he would attend the concert.（宾语从句，可用if代替whether）
The question is whether it s worth trying.（表语从句，不可用if代替whether）Whether she comes or not makes no difference.（主语从句，不可用if代替whether）
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.（同位语从句, 不可用代替）
1.2.2 whether引导的宾语从句可作介词的宾语，而if则不能。
It all depends on whether they will support us. (不用if)
Ryan was worrying about whether he had hurt her feelings. (不用if)
1.2.3 if既可引导直接宾语从句，也可引导间接宾语从句。如果用if会引起歧义，应避免使用if，而用whether。
Please let me know if you want to join us. （if从句可被看成是宾语从句，if
表示是否）
Please let me know if you want to join us. （if从句可被看成是条件状语从句，if表示如果）
Please let me know whether you want t join us.（为避免引起歧义，可用whether 表示是否）
1.2.4 从句后有“or not”时
I wonder whether he will come or not.
1.2.5后接动词不定式时。
Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?
1.3 who, whom, whose, what, which
连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which等在从句中既起连接作用，同时又担当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。
No one knows who he was waiting for.
We are worrying about what we should do next.
Tell me whose house it is.
Let me know which train you will be arriving on.
1.4 where, when, how, why
连接副词where, when, how, why等在从句中既是连接词，又作状语。
I don't know where we are going to have the meeting.
She always thinks of how she can work well.
What I am anxious to know is when we can visit the museum.
比较：
when引导的时间状语从句和名词性从句中的不同时态。
Please let me know when you arrive.（when引导时间状语从句，用一般现在时来表示将来。）
Please let me know when you will arrive.（when引导的是宾语从句，从句中用一般将来时。）
1.5whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever, whoever
连接代词whoever = anyone who任何人, 无论谁；whatever =anything that凡
是...，无论什么；whichever = anything that无论那一个, 任何一个；whomever = anyone whom （whoever的宾格形式）。
Whoever comes to the club is welcome.
Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.
They ate whatever they could find on the deserted island.
You may do whatever you will.
I'll take whichever book interests me.
Whosever book is overdue will be fined.
比较：
连接代词whoever在宾语从句中作主语，whomever作宾语从句中宾语。
You may offer the book to whoever wants it. （此句中不能使用whomever，因为whoever在宾语从句中作wants it的主语）
You may offer the book to whomever you like（whomever在宾语从句中作you like的宾语）
1.6 “疑问词+不定式”的功能：在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
1.6.1 作主语
How to give advice in English is what I am trying to learn.
1.6.2 作宾语
1.6.
2.1 作动词的宾语
We have to start somewhere if we want to learn how to write plays.
1.6.
2.2 作介词的宾语
We had better learn to make the right choices about what and how to eat.
When you are trying to advise someone about what to do or what not to do, you can use should / ought to or should not /ought not to.
1.6.3 作表语
My question is where to find the answer.
1.6.4 从以上可以看出，“疑问词+不定式”构成的短语在句中相当于“名词”，因此有些可以转化成相应的从句。
I am not sure how to behave at the dinner table.
= I am not sure how I should behave at the dinner table.
1.6.4.1这种结构中，疑问代词须接及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语(who, which 除外)
I don't know what to talk. （×）
I don't know what to talk about. （√）
We haven't decided who (which) to go. （√）
1.6.4.2 这种结构中的疑问副词后要接不及物动词；若接及物动词, 要有动词的宾语。
I don't know how to talk.
I wonder if you could tell me how to do it. (不能说: ... how to do.)
1.7注意：
1.7.1 wonder 后面的宾语从句
I wonder if (whether) 意为“想知道，不知道，纳闷”，可表示婉转的请求。
I wonder if you can help her.
I wonder that从句意为“对…….感到惊讶”
I wondered that nobody believes the news.
1.7.2 doubt （名词、动词）后面的同位语从句或宾语从句：
肯定句中一般用if 或whether引导，在否定句和疑问句中用that引导。
I doubted if \whether he really knew the answer.
I have no doubt that she was ill yesterday.
= I don’t doubt that she was ill yeaterday.
Do you doubt that she was ill?
There is no doubt that he was ill.
1.7.3 sure后面的宾语从句
I am sure 后面的宾语从句用that引导，但也可以省略that.
I am not sure 后面用whether, if wh-疑问词引导。
I am sure that he won the game.
I am not sure if\whether he won the game.
I am not sure when he arrived in Beijing.
I am not sure where he will go.
1.8 that 和what 做连接词时的区别
That 不做任何成分，而what 做主语，宾语，表语等。
What I want is money and food.
That he is still famous is a fact.
3. 宾语从句
在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
3.1 连接词
3.1.1 that 引导的宾语从句
I hear (that) the president will visit our school next month.
3.1.2 whether/if 引导的宾语从句(此两个引导词的区别见连接词部分说明)
I didn't know whether / if he would attend the concert.
3.1.3 what, which, who, whom, whose 引导的宾语从句
After the examination, we don’t know what we should do.
I can’t tell which one is right.
He was not sure who was right./ whose cloth it was.
3.1.4 when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句
I don’t know when and where we will go.
I don’t know why he is absent today.
I know how he solved this difficult problem.
上述句子某些往往可以简化为由上述连接词后跟to do 结构。例：
I don’t know when and where to go.
After the examination, we don’t know what to do.
3.1.5 whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever 等引导的宾语从句
You can eat whatever you want to eat.
She will give whoever needs help a warm support.
You can give the ticket to whomever you like.
3.2 宾语从句类别
3.2.1 作动词宾语
He told us（that）he felt ill.
Do you know whose dictionary it is？
He has informed me when they are to discuss the work plan.
Give a reading list to whoever comes.
3.2.2 作介词的宾语
He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.
I am curious as to what he will say.
Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.
They were praised or criticized according to how they had done their work.
He goes to the library every day except when it is raining.
注意：
that引导的宾语从句只用在少数介词后，如：except, in, but等。此时，that 不能省略。
I know little about him except that he lives downstairs.
He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading.
3.2.3 作形容词的宾语
I am not sure what I ought to do.
I'm afraid (that) you don't understand what I said.
I'm surprised (that) I didn't see all that before.
3.3 用it作形式宾语
3.3.1常用it来作形式宾语，把真正的宾语从句放在句末，这种情况尤其出现在带复合宾语的句子中，这样做的主要原因是为了保持句子的平衡，避免句子前面部分内容太多而句子后面部分内容太少，从而出现头重脚轻的现象。
We thought it strange that he did not come yesterday.
He has made it clear that he will not give in.
3.3.2 由于that引导的宾语从句一般不可以直接作介词的宾语，因此当介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时，一般使用it作形式宾语。
You may depend on it that I shall always support you.
I'll see to it that your problem will be dealt with immediately.
3.3.3 在take, hide, see to, insist on, depend on等动词以及一些表示爱好的动词（enjoy, hate, like, love, don't mind, resent 等）之后，形式宾语it后可直接跟宾语从句。
I take it that he's not interested in the book.
She hid it that she was married.
I don't like it when you look at me like that!
3.3.4 it不能作由连接代词whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever, whichever引导的宾语从句的形式宾语。
You may do whatever you will.
I'll take whichever book interests me.
We are ready to offer help to whoever needs it.
3.4 宾语从句的语序
和其它从句一样，宾语从句必须使用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。
How can I get to the station？Can you tell me？
→Can you tell me how I can get to the station
3.5 宾语从句中的时态
3.5.1 在一般情况下，宾语从句中时态要和主句相一致，尤其是主句为过去时态时。
He said that he had lived in Beijing since liberation.
He made it quite clear that he preferred to learn English.
3.5.2 有时，宾语从句中时态也可以和主句不一致。
You can't imagine how they were excited when they won the first place in the game.
Can you make sure where you have put the gold ring
3.5.3 客观真理和自然规律的内容在宾语从句中时态保持不变。
Mike asked whether the earth moves around the sun.
Columbus proved that the earth is round.
3.6 that的省略
一般情况下，宾语从句中的that是可以省略的。但下列情况下的that一般不
可省略。
3.6.1介词后面的that不能省。
Peter is a good student except that he is sometimes careless.
3.6.2两个或两个以上宾语从句其前面的引导词不能省略。
Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.
Jack says (that) he has served here for twenty years and that he is going to retire next month.
3.6.3 that引导的宾语从句位于句首时，that不可省略。
That he ever said such a thing I simply don't believe.
3.6.4 主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。
He said that, if he could manage it, he would come for dinner.
3.6.5 宾语从句中有其他从属连词时，that不能省略。
He told me that if it was necessary they would work all night.
3.7 宾语从句的否定转移
3.7.1 在think, consider, believe, suppose, expect, fancy等动词后的宾语从句，如有否定意思，一般要把否定词前移到主句的语上，从句的谓语用肯定的形式。
I don't think he can do it better than me.
I don't believe they have finished their work yet.
I don't suppose he cares, does he?
3.7.2 在下列情况下，宾语从句不否定转移
3.7.2.1. think等词前有副词和表示强调的do
I really expect he won’t fail the examination.
I do think that he is not fair.
3.7.2.2 think等词和其他词构成并列谓语
I think and hope that he won’t cheat at cards.
3.7.2.3 think等词作为插入语
His decision is not wise, I think.
3.8 使用虚拟语气的宾语从句
3.8.1 在suggest insist, order, demand, request, require, command, propose, desire等
表示建议、命令、要求、欲望动词后面的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气，即should +动词原形，should常被省略。
He suggested that we should have a further discussion about the final decision.
She insisted that they should show her their passports.
3.8.2 在wish后面的宾语从句中需要用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反或难以实现的愿望。
How I wish I had learned more!
He wishes he would have another chance to go abroad.
3.9含有宾语从句复合句的反意疑问句
3.9.1 反意疑问句一般与主句一致。
He said they were going to help me, didn't he？
She told you that the mat was her own work, didn't she?
3.9.2 当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think, believe, consider, imagine, suppose, hope 等词时，反意疑问句应与宾语从句保持一致。这时特别要注意否定转移的问题。
I suppose you're serious, aren't you ？(不可用don't I)
I don't suppose he's serious, is he (不可用do I)
3.9.3 如果主语是第二、第三人称，则疑问句部分与主句一致，且不存在否定转移的问题。
You don't think we can speak English, do you?
He thinks he's got the right answer, doesn't he？
4. 同位语从句
同位语从句用于对前面的名词作进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。
4.1 同位语从句一般跟在名词advice, demand, fact, hope, idea, news, doubt, suggestion, information, opinion, decision, discovery, truth, promise, statement, problem, rule, message、order, question, request, wish, word 等词后面。
Where did you get the idea that I could not come ？
There is no doubt that we will win.
4.2 同位语从句的连接词
同位语从句一般由that引导，但也可以由whether 以及连接代词和连接副词引导。
4.2.1 that 引导的同位语从句
They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.
4.2.2 whether 引导的同位语从句
I have no idea whether he'll come or not.
4.2.3 连接副词引导的同位语从句
We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
It is a question how he did it.
You have no idea how worried your parents are when you are out.
4.3 当含有同位语从句的主句谓语部分过短时，可以把谓语动词提前，使同位语从句与名词隔开，以避免头重脚轻的现象。
Word came that Mr. President would come and inspect our school himself.
4.4 分割性同位语从句
有时，同位语同其说明的名词被其它成分分割。
The thought came to him that he might move out of the city.
4.5使用虚拟语气的同位语从句
在一些表示建议、命令、要求的名词后的同位语从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形表示，should可省略。
This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.
He made the suggestion that we go by train.
宾语从句专项练习 一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。 1．These flowers are from Guangdong. He said. He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong. 2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me ____ light ____ faster than sound. 3．There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know .Jack didn’t know _____ there _____ ____ a meeting in five days. 4．Can they speak French? I want to know. I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French. 5．Are the children playing games? Tell me. Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games. 6．Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.
Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang ____ _____ ____ ____ ___ homework yet. 7．How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows? Who knows ______ _____ _____ ____ _____ ______ in the picture? 8．Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you know _____ _____ ____ her car? 9．What does he often talk about? The girl wondered. The girl wondered _____ _____ often ________ about. 10．Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don’t know. I don’t know ____ _______ at the door so loudly. 11. Does he still live in that street? I don't know. I don't know ______ he still _______ in that street. 12. What's his name? I asked him. I asked him what _____ _____ _____. 13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me. Please tell me ________
从句小结 从句总述： 从句有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类。 由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词，故而这4种从句又通称名词性从句。 1.主语从句（Subject Clause）：用作主语的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。 2.表语从句（Predicative Clause）：用作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大都一样。 3.宾语从句（Object Clause）：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句. 4. 同位语从句（Appositive Clause）：在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。其关联词多为that。 状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、方位状语从句和时间状语从句等。 宾语从句 学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：时态、语序、连接词。 一：时态和语序 1·主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。 2·主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。 3·主句用过去时，从句是真理时，只用一般现在时。 语序：宾语从句只能用陈述句语序，坚决不能用疑问句语序。 二：连接词 ①从属连词 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that，if，whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句. 例句： He told that he would go to the college the next year 他告诉我他下一年上大学. I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. ②连接代词 连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等. 连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述. 例句： Do you know who has won Red Alert game 你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗 ③连接副词 连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等. 例句： He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.
宾语从句专项练习题
宾语从句专项练习题 选择填空 1. He said ________ she would leave the message on the headmaster's desk. A. that B. where C. which D. what 2. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper ________ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. A. that B. how C. what D. if 3. A: Could you tell me ________ she is looking for? B: Her cousin, Susan. A. that B. whose C. who D. which 4. I want to know________. A. what is his name B. what's his name C. that his name is D. what his name is 5. Could you tell me________? A. when did Tom come back B. when does Tom come back C. when Tom will come back D. when Tom comes back 6. A: Could you tell me ________? B: I'm not sure. A. how many people have been out of hospital B. when is Thanksgiving Day C. which animal does he like best D. what time will the dolphin show start 7. Mr. King didn't know ________ yesterday evening. A. when does his son come home B. when his son comes home C. when did his son come home D. when his son came home 8. The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 ________ Christmas Day. A. is B. was C. has been D. which 9. I wonder ________ you would like to come to my birthday party. A. that B. whether C. that if D. that whether 10. A: I'm waiting for the mail. Do you know ________ it will arrive? B: Usually it comes by 4:00. A. how B. where C. when D. what 11. Do you know ________ during the coming holiday? A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did 12. The teacher told us that light ________ much faster than sound. A. travels B. traveled C. would travel D. had traveled 13. Do you know if ________ back next week? If he ________ back, please let me know. A. he comes, will come B. will he come, comes C. he will come, comes D. will he come, will come
10级A班第六组作业 同位语从句 一、同位语从句的概念在复合句中用作名词的从句叫同位语从句, 其主要用途就是对前面的名词做进一步解释说明该名词的具体内容。 可以跟同位语从句的名词通常就 是: news,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message ,suggestion,word, possibility,order,fear,proof,belief,advise,demand,problem,request,truth,wish 例句: I just got word that he is not coming this evening 、 Wehaven 't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summervacation 、The Mona Lisa is widely seen as proof that good looks can last for ever There is no doubt that he is guilty 、 There is great doubt whether he did so or not 、 二.同位语从句的先行词同位语从句的先行词通常就是抽象名词, 常见的有:idea, situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, question, theory, news, order, ability 例句: 等等。How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didn't feel the new clothes in him? 皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣, 对这个问题骗子就是怎样解释的? The news that his heath is failing made us sad 、 她健康状况不佳的消息使我们很难过。 I have no idea where they are spending their holidays 、我不知道她们在哪里度假。 The question who should do the work requires consideration 、谁该干这项工作的问题需要考虑 There is no doubt that he will come here again 、她会再来这里, 这就是毫无疑问的。He was tortured by the doubt whether he would accept their presents 、她被就是否接受她们的礼物这个疑虑所折磨着。 三.同位语从句的引导词 1、连词that 引导同位语从句 The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong 、您认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法就是完全错误的。（作idea的同位语） He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane 她拿起了手提箱, 给人的印象就是她要登上飞往东京的飞机了。 以下名词常用于以上句型: advice, announcement, argument, belief, claim, conclusion, decision, evidence, explanation, fact, feeling, hope, idea, impression, information, knowledge, message, news, opinion, order, probability, promise, proposal, remark, reply, report, saying, statement, suggestion, thought, treat, warning, wish, word
简单句与宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句英语语法培训教材
1简单句与宾语从句 (2) 1.1陈述句作宾语 (2) 1.2一般疑问句作宾语 (3) 1.3特殊疑问句作宾语 (3) 2简单句与表语从句 (5) 2.1陈述句作表语 (5) 2.2一般疑问句作表语 (5) 3简单句与同位语从句 (6) 3.1陈述句作同位语 (6) 3.2一般疑问句作同位语 (7) 3.3特殊疑问句作同位语 (7) 本章小结 (8) 1简单句与宾语从句 名词从句的本质是用三种句子（陈述句、一般问句和特殊问句）充当四种句子成分（主语、宾语、表语和同位语）。所以，当用三种句子充当另外一个句子的宾语时，就构成了宾语从句。因此，本节内容安排如下： 1.1陈述句作宾语 1.2一般疑问句作宾语 1.3特殊疑问句作宾语 1.1陈述句作宾语 把“that＋陈述句”这一结构放在宾语的位置即构成宾语从句。请看例句： 1We know(that) the world is round.我们知道，地球是圆的。 2I think(that) a sound knowledge of grammar is indispensable to good writing.我认为扎
实的语法功底对良好的写作极为重要。 需要注意的是，只有宾语从句中的that才可以省去（在不影响对句意的理解的情况下），而主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的that一般不能省去。 1.2一般疑问句作宾语 把“whether/if＋陈述句”这一结构放在宾语的位置即构成宾语从句。请看例句： 1I don't know if/whether he needs my help我不知道他是否需要我的帮助。 2No one knew whether or not interest rates would rise 没有人知道利率是否会提高。 这里原来的一般问句是would interest rates rise，变成陈述句语序后成为interest rates would rise，然后为了保留疑问的意义又添加了whether or not，于是便有了whether or not interest rates would rise，在主句的谓语knew后面作宾语，即构成宾语从句。需要提醒的是，因为一般不说if or not，所以这里的连词不宜用if，而要用whether。 注意：只有宾语从句才可以用if引导，主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句一般都要用whether引导。 1.3特殊疑问句作宾语 把特殊疑问句变成陈述句语序后放在宾语的位置即构成宾语从句。请看例句： 1I have not decided whom I should vote for我还没有决定该投谁的票。 这里的特殊疑问词whom是作vote for的宾语，所以需将原来的倒装句whom should I vote for调整为陈述句语序whom I should vote for，然后作主句谓语decided的宾语，即构成宾语从句。 2No one knows exactly how speech began没有人确切地知道语言是如何产生的。 这里的特殊疑问词how是作began的方式状语，所以需将原来的倒装句how did speech begin调整为陈述句语序how speech began，然后作主句谓语knows的宾语，即构成宾语从句。 3Could you tell me where the post office is? 你能告诉我邮局在哪里吗？
1. 宾语从句的语序和时态练习 一、选择最佳答案填空。 1. She is sure _____________. A. you were not there B. were you not there C. weren’t you not there D. are you not there 【解析】：选A。 宾语从句语序用引导词+陈述语序，据此排除BCD；主句是现在时，从句可根据实际情况用任何时态，故选A。 2. I will find out _________. A. why is he late B. why isn’t he late C. why late he is D. why he is late 【解析】：选D。 宾语从句语序用引导词+陈述语序，据此排除ABC；主句是将来时，从句可根据实际情况用任何时态，故选D。 3. Tom wondered ______. A. when will the accident happen B. when did the accident happen C. when the accident happened D. when the accident happens 【解析】：选C。 宾语从句语序用引导词+陈述语序，据此排除AB；主句是过去时，从句也应用表示过去的时态，故选C。 4. Jane decided _______. A. will she accept the gift B. would she accept the gift C. she will accept the gift D. she would accept the gift 【解析】：选D。 此句是宾语从句，引导词that被省略了；宾语从句语序用引导词+陈述语序，据此排除AB；主句是过去时，更多专项练习请搜索汪星人英语，从句也应采用表示过去的时态，此处采用过去将来时，故选D。 5. Do you know ________? A. when will the show begin B. when the show will begin C. when will begin the show D. when won’t the show begin 【解析】：选B。
从句小结 欧阳家百（2021.03.07） 从句总述： 从句有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类。 由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词，故而这4种从句又通称名词性从句。 1.主语从句（Subject Clause）：用作主语的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。 2.表语从句（Predicative Clause）：用作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大都一样。 3.宾语从句（Object Clause）：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句. 4. 同位语从句（Appositive Clause）：在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。其关联词多为that。状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、方位状语从句和时间状语从句等。 宾语从句
学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：时态、语序、连接词。 一：时态和语序1·主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。 2·主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。 3·主句用过去时，从句是真理时，只用一般现在时。 语序：宾语从句只能用陈述句语序，坚决不能用疑问句语序。 二：连接词 ①从属连词 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that，if，whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句. 例句：He told that he would go to the college the next year 他告诉我他下一年上大学. I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. ②连接代词 连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等. 连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述. 例句：
宾语从句专项练习(含答案)宾语从句：用一个完整句子充当前面某个谓语动词的宾语对象 不论宾语从句由什么引导词引导，也不论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句一律用陈述句语序，即“引导词＋主语＋谓语＋其他”结构。判断正误： We don't know when will they arrive. ( ) We don't know when they will arrive. ( ) Could you tell me who is he waiting for? ( ) Could you tell me who he is waiting for? ( ) 注意：特殊疑问词作主语时，如果语序本来就是“主语＋谓语”结构，则语序不再变化。如： Please tell me. Who will give us a talk this afternoon？(合并为一句) →Please tell me _____________us a talk this afternoon. 宾语从句在时态上应遵循时态呼应原则 在宾语从句中，谓语动词时态要受到主句谓语动词时态的制约，一般要遵循以下三条原则： 1．主句是祈使句或主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来，则宾语从句根据实际选用时态。如： Will you tell us which places you visited during the vacation? 2．如果主句中的谓语动词是一般过去时，则宾语从句需要使用表示过去的某种时态。如： I knew she had cleaned the classroom already. 3．宾语从句所表达的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言、警句、谚语等，多用一般现在时。如： He said time is money. Our teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound. 宾语从句的“否定转移” 当主句的谓语动词为think, believe等词，且主语为第一人称时，从句中的否定词not应转移到主句谓语动词。如： 合并为一句 宾语从句的简化结构 由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句通常可以简化成“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构，此时主从复合句也就变成了简 单句，但简化必须符合以下两种条件： 1．简单句的疑问词为原宾语从句的引导词； 2．原从句的主语应与主句的主语或间接宾语一致。 I don't know what I should do next.(改为简单句) →I don't know ____________________. 含有宾语从句的复合句的反意疑问句 1．陈述部分是“I/We think (know, believe, suppose, consider)＋that从句”或者是“I'm/We're sure that; I'm/We're afraid that; I/We hope that; It seems that”时，附加疑问部分的主语应和从句一致，但需注意否定前移的情况。如： I don't think he is right, ____________？ I'm sure that you know him well, ______________？ 2．如果主语是其他人称，附加疑问部分的主语和主句一致。如： Your father believed you could succeed, ______________？ Kate doesn't know if Jim is a good singer, ______________？ 宾语从句中人称的变化 注意宾语从句中人称代词的正确使用。一般遵循“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”的原则。 解题技巧：
主语从句与宾语从句 一、名词性从句是四位从句的总称：主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句。这些从句都起到类似于名词的作用。 主从：一个句子充当大句子的主语，就叫主语从句。例如； What I need is money.(主语是What I need作大句的主语) It was not obvious that water is fundamental to the development of life.（It是形式主语，真正的主语是that 从句。） 主语从句的位置有两种，一种是放于句首；一种是用It 作形式主语，从句被放后面。 二、宾语从句：一个小句子充当大句子的宾语。 He asked me how old I was . She took it for granted that I’d be back home an hour ago.（It 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的that从句。） 考点一：语序 What I want to do is to go home immediately.陈述语序。 I asked where the famous restaurant was .陈述语序。 名词性从句的语序应该是陈述句语序。 删除疑问语序（be /助动词、情态动词+主语） 考点二：引导词 That（没成分） That the earth moves around the sun is known to all.(that 引导的句子作大句子的主语，that不能丢。) Whether /if （有时互换，主语从句只能用wheather引导，不能用if .可用if 的地方都能用wheather。） Whether the meeting will be put off depends on the weather . 疑问代词：what,who, whom,which,whose 在从句中有成分 What he has is just money.（在从句中有成分作宾语） 疑问副词：where ,when,why,,how在从句中有成分 Why he didn’t attend class is not know yet. That：引导名词性从句时无成分，无词义，有时可以省略。 Whether /if引导名词性从句时无成分，是否。 特殊疑问代词：主，宾，表，定。 疑问副词：状。 考点三：no matter+疑问词（what）VS疑问词（what）+ever Whatever he says must be put down . No matter what he says/Whatever he says,I will not change my mind. 意思相同，但语法不一样。第一句主从，第二句让步状语从句。以ever开头的引导主从或者状语从句，而以no matter 开头的不能引导名词性从句，只能引导状语从句，所以选ever 就一定对。 考点四：建议、命令、要求类+宾从 The doctor suggested that an operation (should)be done immediately on the patient. 初中讲过当主句是一般过去时态的宾语从句：主过去，从句也过去。当主句的动词是建议、命令、要求类的动词时，后面的宾从必须是should+动词原形且should可以省略。此时不管。主语是谁，不管主句是什么时态都不能改变动词是原形的要求.once表示建议、命令、要求类的动词suggest,advise,propose,demand,require,insist,request,ask,command,order后面如果后
Grammar—appositive clauses＆predicative clauses 名词性从句之同位语＆表语从句 同位语从句： I.明确概念与特征： 1. 同位语从句常放在名词之后，用来补充说明名词的具体内容。常用来接同位语从句的名词有news, idea, promise, question, doubt, wonder, fact, hope, wish, suggestion, advice, possibility, message, word, belief, information等。常用来引导同位语从句的连词有that, what, who, whether以及连接副词where, when, why, how 等。如： The news that their children couldn’t come back on time worried all the parents. I had no idea when the storm would end. 2. 不过有时候为了保持句子结构平衡，同位语从句也不一定直接放在名词后，而会出现隔离情况。如： Word came that the sports meet had been put off. Suddenly a good idea occurred to me that I could buy my teacher a gift. 3. 同位语从句前名词的数 同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词加以修饰。如：Where did you get the idea that I could not come? Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening. Exciting word came that I passed the exam. II. 正确选用引导词 一般来说根据句意来确定相应的引导词，并且从句要用陈述句的语序。 1.that引导同位语从句时在句中不作任何成分，但不可省略； The idea that we play football after class is great. 2.在表示是否的意思时连词只能用whether而不能用if； The question whether you can go to an ideal university depends on your effort. 3.从句若缺少主语,宾语或定语用连接代词（what, who, whom, whose, which），若缺少状语用连接副词（when, where, how, why）引导。 I have no idea which mobile phone is the best—it’s a matter of personal taste. At last I made a decision that I would never come back again. The question what we should do with this situation is under discussion. All of us had no idea why he refused our help. The question why he didn’t attend the meeting puzzled us. We can’t solve the problem how we can travel faster than light. 4.在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接；在no doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。例如： There is no doubt that we will win the final match. I have a doubt whether he will finish the job on time. III. 注意从句中的时态 一般来说同位语从句的时态要和主句的时态保持一致。但在表示请求、命令、建议等意思的名词后的同位语从句中的谓语动词应用(should) do，(如demand, wish, suggestion, advice，order等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。如 I have no idea when he will be back. I accepted my father’s advice that I (should) apologize to my friend.
宾语从句基本讲解与练习 宾语从句小口诀 宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词； 主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制； 主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时； if/whether,引，一般疑问句陈述句转that 特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。 一、概念宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。在句子中起到二、连接词 在从句中不。that在非正式场合that可以省略)1. 陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that ( 充当任何成分，也没有实在意思，只起到连接作用。没有人告诉杰克第二天有班No one told Jack (that) there would be a class meeting the next day. 会。Little Tom was afraid (that) he couldn't pass the exam. 小汤姆担心这次考试不及格。say, think, wish, hope, imagine, wonder, know, believe, 从句做宾语的动词有：that1】可跟【拓展等。agree, explain, feel, suggest, hear, mean, notice等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定expect think, believe, suppose, 【拓展2】当主句谓语动词是
时，常把否定转移至主句表示。我认为他不会在会上发言的。I don't think (that) he can give a speech at the meeting.so等后，可用等动词以及I'm afraid 【拓展3】在think, believe, imagine, suppose, guess, hope 代替一个否定的宾语从句。代替一个肯定的宾语从句，用not eg: --- Do you believe he will come? 你相信他会来吗？ --- I believe so. 我相信会。 我相信不会。I don't believe so. (或I believe not.) --- 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语引导的宾语从句, whether或if 2. 以。或whetherif在从句中不充当任何成分，意为“是否”从句，从句是陈述句语序。He asked me if he might use my knife. →He asked me. ？eg: “May I use your knife” 】从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人1【注意1 称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。 eg: “Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. →He asked me whether I know her telephone number. 【注意2】：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用，但有些情况例外。 ①当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if。 eg: We are talking about whether we'll go on the picnic. 我们在讨论是否去野餐。 ②引导词与动词不定式或or not 连用时，只用whether。 eg: Please let me know whether to do next step. 请让我知道是否开展下一步行
名词性从句 名词性从句（主语、表语、宾语、同位语从句） （一）主语从句 1．定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导主语从句的关联词有三类： (1) 从属连词that。如： That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词whether。如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词where, when, how, why。如： What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 解释： 1．主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句。如：It’s a pity that we can’t go. 很遗憾我们不能去。。 C.It+seem, happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如： It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不来参加晚会。 D.It+doesn’t matter (makes no difference, etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如： It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 她是否来这无关紧要。 F. 当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他们明天不来很要紧吗？ G. 当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如： How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子们这么安静真奇怪！ 2．注意连接代词whoever, whatever, whichever等引导主语从句的含义 Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who) 来的人将受到欢迎。 （二）表语从句 1．定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导表语从句的关联词的种类： (1) 从属连词that。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。
同位语从句:解释前面的名词 E.g news,fact,suggestion,order,promise,idea等 连接次不能省略,that无具体意思,不翻译 连接词:how what when where whether why that The fact that you do not have summer holiday makes me very sad Y ou agree the suggestion that I memories some words and study grammar The suggestion that we are going to visit the Hangzhou is very good I make my decision that I will come back for China next month 我不介意你是胖是瘦 我不能忍受她哭的噪音 他怎么回家的我没印象了 主语从句:从句充当主语 E.g. What I have said yesterday is important. 连接词主语be动词宾语 What we need is time That he will win the match is certain
连接词:that, what whether 形式主语:it is a question whether he will come or not It is a reported that 据报道it seems that 似乎 It has been proved that 已证明 That I have received a call from my mother made me surprised last week It is surprised that I have received a call from my mother last week 主语从句和形式主语的转换 你是否能明白它是个问题 主语从句: 形式主语: 我想知道你能不能明白这个单词 宾语从句:从句充当宾语 Y ou told me (that) you had understood the sentences I do not know whether there will be a bus or not Do you know who has broken the window? He did not tell me when we would meet again 我妈告诉我她要去超市