名词性从句连接词的选用
(一)t hat 和what的选用：
that 和what都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。
that / what
1.______ he wants is a book.
2. ______ he wants to go there is obvious.
3.The result is ______ we won the game.
4.This is _____ we want to know.
5.Is _____ he told us true ?
6.We should pay attention to ______ the teacher is saying.
7. I have no doubt _____ he will come.
8. I have no idea _____ he did that afternoon.
(二）if 和whether 的选用
不能使用if 的情况：
a. 主语从句
b. 表语从句
c. 同位语从句
d. 介词后的宾语从句
e. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if to do.
f .whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.
1. I asked her __________ she had a bike.
2.______ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
3. We’re worried about ________ he is safe.
4. I don’t know ___________ he is well or not.
5. I don’t know ________ or not he is well.
6. The question is _________ he should do it.
7.The doctor can hardly answer the question ______ the old man will recover soon.
8. I don’t know _______ to go.
（三）其它连接代词和副词的连用
主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义,正确的选择who、which、when、where、why、how 等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。
________ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.
我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。
I don’t know _________ broke the glass yesterday.
我不知道他长的什么样子。
I have no idea _________ he looks like.
这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。
This is _________ I left my glasses.
（四）引导词that 的省略
that 可省略的情况：
单个宾语从句中的that可省略
that不可省略的情况：
a. 主语从句
b.表语从句
c.同位语从句
d.用it做形式宾语的宾语从句
e. 并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的,引导词that 不能省略
1.I don’t think ________ she is coming.
2.It is a pity ________ he has made such a mistake.
3.The reason is _________ he is careless .
4.The news ________ our team won the match inspired us.
5.I don’t think it necessary _________ you should read English aloud.
6.He told me __________ his father had died and __________ he had to make a living alone.
五、同位语从句的引导和辨别
1.同位语从句的格式：n.+ 连接词+ 从句
2.能接同位语从句的名词有：fact、idea, news, information, order, belief, suggestion, advice等.
3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用whether, what, when, where 等来引导同位语从句.
1. I have no idea _________ he comes from.
2. He can’t answer the question ________ he got the money.
3.He gave us many suggestions ________ we should get up earlier and take more exercise.
4.I have no doubt ________ he will win.
5. I have some doubt ________ he will win.
（六）同位语从句和定语从句的区别
1.定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that 不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。
2.同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that 在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略.
1.We expressed the hope that they had expressed.
2. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.
1.The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university.
2.The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.
（七）名词demand, suggestion, proposal, advice等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气,结构为should + do, should 可省略
He gave me a suggestion that I ( should ) be calm now.
(八）宾语从句的时态呼应
1. 如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.
a .他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的.
He believes _________________________ .
b .请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么.
Please tell me _________________________.
Practice:
1. It now appears ______ they are in need of help.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. how
2. It is good news ______ they will arrive in a few days.
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. how
3. This is ______ she was born.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. what
4. The question is ______ we can’t go
there today.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. when
5. The question is ______ it is worth
doing.
A. if
B. whether
C. which
D. what
6. The reason he has made such great
progress is _______ he has never
wasted his time.
A. because
B. why
C. that
D. what
7. My suggestion is ______ we should
turn the land into rice fields.
A. what
B. that
C. which
D. where
8. His proposal is that the dam ______ at the foot of the mountain.
A. build
B. will build
C. be built
D. will be built
9. We all know the truth _____ the earth goes round the sun.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. whether
10. We heard the news ______ our team had won.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. where
11. The problem ______ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.
A. which
B. that
C. whether
D. if
12. You must do well ______ the teacher asks you to do.
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. where
答案:
一：what，that，that，what，what，what，that，what
二：if/whether , whether, whether ,whether/if , whether , whether , whether , whether
三：when ,who , what , where
四：（that），that，that，that，that （that ）that
五：where, how, that, that, whether
六：定语从句，同位语从句，同位语从句，定语从句
七：
he was preparing for the examination.
He had been away from his hometown for ten years.
light travels in a straight line.
Practice:
ACAAB, CBCAB, CB
宾语从句用法及其例句 宾语从句用法 时态： 1.主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。 2.主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。 3.主句用过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时。 一、宾语从句的连接词 从属连词 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句, if和whether引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句. He told me (that he would) go to the college the next year 他告诉我他明年上大学. I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没人知道他是否会通过考试. 连接代词 连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等. 连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述. Do you know who has won Red Alert game? 你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏？ The book will show you what the best CEOs should know. 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么. Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? 你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗? 连接副词 连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等. He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面. Could you please tell me how you use the new panel? 你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗? None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
1．时间状语从句 常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until 特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult. While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking. The children ran away from the orchard(果园), the moment they saw the guard. No sooner had I arrived home ,then it began to rain. Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. 2．地点状语从句 常用引导词：where 特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
Wherever you go, you should work hard. 地点状语从句 §4地点状语从句 (adverbial clause of place) 地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导，已经形成了固定的句型，例如： 句型1：Where＋地点从句，（there）＋主句。 【注意】此句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”；主句在从句后面时，there可用可不用；如果主句在从句的前面时，一般都不用there。例如： Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的，或根本不可能的。 They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed. 他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。 You should have put the book where you found it. 你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。 Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中国共产党，哪里人民得解放。 句型2：Anywhere/ wherever＋地点从句，＋主句。
一、在名词从句中连接词which 有两种词性, 常用来引导宾语从句： 1. [连接代词] 哪个 1）用作从句的主语，如： He wanted to know which was on the table. 他想知道哪一个在桌子上。 2) 用作从句的宾语，如： He asked me which I liked best. 他问我最喜欢哪一个。 2. [连接形容词]放在名词前作定语，表示“哪个XX，哪些XX”，如： Do you wnow Which country is the largest? 你知道哪国家一个最大? Could tell me which children made him still more angry. 能告诉我那些 孩子使他更加生气了。 二、which 除引导上述宾语从句外，还可以引导主语从句和表语从句。 1. 主语从句(常用形式主语it) It was clear which children made him still more angry. 显而易见那些孩子使他更加生气了。 It is known to us which he liked best. 众所周知他最喜欢哪一个。 2. 表语从句 That was which children made him still more angry. 那就是那些孩子使他更加生气了。 This is which he liked best. 这就是他最喜欢哪一个。 三、which 与what 的区别 用在名词从句中，which 意思是“哪一个/那一些”，what 意思是“所...的”，后者等于“先行词+关系代词”，如你的补充问题就需要选择what： It's quite different from what I read last month. = It's quite different from (the one that) I read last month. 这本书与我上周所读过的那一本区别很大。 1.that在所有名词性从句中无成分无意义。 2.which强调哪一个，有一个选择的范围。 从句中from后边缺宾语，所以要选择的是宾语从句的引导词，首先that引导宾语从句时，不做介词宾语（除了in,except,but) 其次read后边缺宾语，也就是从句中缺成分，参见上面第一条，所以排除that.B选项which指哪一个，这里
状语从句连词总结 1 时间状语从句： when当……时候 while 当……时候（动词只能是延续性动词） as当……时候（经常表示一边……一边……） after/before在……之后/之前 until/till直到……（即某一持续性行为持续到某一时间点） since/ever since自从……（即子某一时间点以来，常用完成时态或完成进行时） 名词性短语the time the moment the minute the day the year the first/second time each time每次every time每次next time下次any time在任何时候whenever不管什么时候 by the time到……时候（即指到某一时间点为止，主句常用完成时态） 一……就……as soon as once immediately directly instantly 还没来得及……就……hardly……when no sooner……than as long as长达…… 非时间状语从句：动词ing形式；at……形式；on doing/on sth形式 2地点状语从句 where在哪里，在什么地方 wherever无论在哪里 anywhere无论何处everywhere 到处，处处nowhere 无处，任何地方都无 to/in/from the place（s）where或to/in/from any place where 3原因状语从句 because（语气最强）因为，多置于主句之后 as（语气最弱）因为，多置于主句之前 since语气较弱，常表示对方已知的事实，相当于“既然” now （that）既然 for the reason that因为（that引导的是同位语从句，先行词为reason） in that由于某种原因，多用于书面语 seeing that因为，鉴于 4目的状语从句 in order that以便 so （that）为了 for fear that惟恐，以防 in case以防万一有某种情况发生 5结果状语从句 so （that）所以 so……that……结构 such……that……结构
从句就相当于一个形容词， 而且从句前面一定有一个先行词， 从句必有缺少的成分（主语，宾语，状语）。 如果先行词在从句做主语，则用which / that / who(人) 如果先行词在从句做宾语，则用which/ that/ who(人) /whom(人)或者不填引导词 如果先行词在从句做状语，时间用when，地点用where。 定语从句及相关术语： 1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。 注：关系代词有主语.宾语之分。一般whom作为宾语。 4.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任。此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任．单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。 先行词：被限制或修饰的主句的主语。 （一）限定性定语从句 一、关系代词（在句中作主语、宾语或定语） 1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。[eg：this is the book （which）you want。]而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置 2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢 3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时,都只能用that 4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 5. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与of which 调换,表达的意思一样。 二、关系副词（在句中作状语） 关系副词=介词+关系代词 why=for which where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
状语从句连词意思总结：1.一旦 once 2.…的时候 the moment 3.一/ 刚…就… （三个表 达） as soon as, hardly…when…, no sooner…than 4.每当(三个表达) whenever, each / every time 5.直到… until 6.直到…才…not…until… 7.无论哪里 wherever 8.在…的地方 where 9.就是因为、仅仅是因为just / only because 10.是因为… (用强调句型 表示) It is / was because / because of… that… 11.不是因为…而是因为…not because…but because 12.既然(两个表达) since, now that 13.由于(三个表达) as, seeing / considering that 14.因为…的原因 for the reason that… 15.因为、由于…的事实 (三个表达) because of / due to / owing to the fact that… 16.如此…以致于… (两个 表达) so…that, such…that 17.因此(结果)、为了/ 以便(目的) (两个表 达) so that, that 18.为了/ 以便 in order that 19.以防(目的) 、万一(条 件) in case 20.以免，唯恐(两个表达) lest, for fear that 21.除非 unless 22.只要(两个表达) as / so long as 23.尽管、虽然(三个表达) though, although, even though 24.即使、纵然、就算、哪 怕 even if 25.as, though解释为“虽 然”的倒装结构 n. / adj. / adv. + as / though + S + V v. + as / though + S + 情态动 词 26.无论什么 whatever = no matter what 27.无论谁 whoever = no matter who 28.无论哪一个 whichever = no matter which 29.无论怎样 however = no matter how 30.无论…还是… whether…or… = no matter whether…or… 31.好像，仿佛(两个表达) as if, as though 32.与…一样… (两个同级 比较结构) as…as…, the same (height / size / age / width / depth) as 33.在…当中最… (最高程 度表达) the + -est + 比较范围 34.比任何其他的…要更 加…(最高程度表达) -er + than + any other + sing n., -er + than + any of the other + pl. n. 35.没什么与…一样…(最高 程度表达) 否定词+ as…as 36.没什么比…更加…(最高 程度表达) 否定词+ -er 37.没有/ 不如…那样… (两个较低程度比较) not as / so…as…, less + 原级 + than 38.在…当中最不… (最低 程度比较) the least + 原级+ 比较范 围 39.越来越… -er and –er, more and more + 原级 40.越…越… the + -er…the + -er 41.与…一样不… no + -er + than 42.…不比…更 not + -er + than 43.与其说…不如说… more…than… 44.超过；不仅仅；非常 more than 45.while做连词的三个意 思 当…；虽然，尽管(放句首)； 然而(引导并列句) 46.as做连词的六个意思 当…；一边…一边…；随着…； 由于；虽然(有特殊的倒装 结构)；如同，像
. that；宾语从句的连接词：宾语（陈述句语序）、从属连词。主语+谓语+结构：when ，where，（连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether，和特殊疑问词what，how )。等引导表示陈述句的宾语从句，that 的一般疑问句的宾语从句。是否”引导表示if和whether，whether...or not“he would go to college the next year. ）He told me (that 大学。他告诉我他明年上here will be a bus any more. I don't know if t 我不知道是否还会有公交车。Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没有人知道他是否会通过考试。Teachers were asking me whether I had gone there or not at that time. 那时老师们在问我是否曾去过那里。关联词 关联代词 关联代词主要有等。 who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever what,whatever关 联代词一般指疑问但除了指疑问外也可以指陈述。Do you know who has won Red Alert game 你知道是谁赢得了红色警戒的游戏么The book will show you what the best CEO should know. ;.. . 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么。Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia call phone 你决定好是买诺基亚还是买摩托罗拉的电话吗关联副词 等。连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however He didn't tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面。Could you please tell me how you use the new panel 你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 没有人知道这些新的零件能在哪里买到。二、动词的宾语从句大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句We all expect they will win,for members of their team are stronger. 我们都预料他们会赢因为他们的队员更强壮。He told us that they would help us through the whole work. 他告诉我们在整个工作中他们都会帮忙的。结构也可以带宾语从句+动词副词”“部分I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out. 我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了。Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip 你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗;.. .
一、状语从句分类及常用连词： 类别连词 状语从句when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since, till, once, as soon as,etc. 状语从句where,wherever 状语从句because, since, as, for, now that, etc. 状语从句so…that, so that, such…that, that, etc. 状语从句in order that, so that, that, etc. 状语从句if, unless, as(so)long as, etc. 状语从句though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever, as,etc. 状语从句as…as, so…as, than, etc. 状语从句as, as if, as though, etc. 二、相似连词的用法区别 1.when, while, as, while表时间，从句需用延续性动词，切不可用瞬间动词。 when表时间，从句既可以用延续性动词，又可以用瞬间动词。 as表时间，与when相似，但侧重强调主从句动作同点或同段进行。 when, while后可以接分词短语。 2.because, as, since, for 语气位置意义 because最强前或后“原因”；表客观因果关系；回答“”as较强前“由于”；把众人所知的事实当作理由since较弱前“既然”；就对方陈述的事实作为理由for最弱后“理由”；对某一事实进行推断的理由 注：上面所说的“前”，指从句在主句之前；“后”，指从句在主句之后。 3.so that, so…that, such…that so that“以便”、“结果”表目的和结果。注意：在从句中有情态动词表目的。无情态动词表结果。 so…that “如此的…以致于”表结果。该结构常见于： 1.so+形／副＋that 2.so+形＋a(an)＋单数名词＋that 3.so＋manymuch＋复数名词（不可数名词）+that such…that“如此的…以致于”表结果。该结构常见于： 1.such＋a(an)＋形＋名词＋that 2.such＋形＋复数名词／不可数名词＋that
名词性从句的概念以及四类引导词的用法 一、名词性从句的概念 名词性从句，即指具有名词性质的从句，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是英语学习中的一个语法重点，也是各类考试重点考查的内容之一。学习名词性从句主要应注意其引导词的用法与区别，从句的词序以及名词性从句与其他从句的区别等。从高考的考查的实际情况来看，名词性从句考得最多的是宾语从句，其次是主语从句，再次是表语从句，而同位语从句则很少考查。 二、名词性从句四类引导词的用法 1. 连接词that 只起连接作用，没有任何意思，也不充当句子成分，在宾语从句中可省略，但引导其他名词性从句时通常不省略。如： I hope (that) you enjoy your holiday. 希望你假期过得好。 That he likes you is very obvious. 很显然他喜欢你。 2. 连接词whether 也不充当句子成分，但有自己的意思，表示“是否”；引导宾语从句时，可换成if，但引导其他名词性从句时不能换成if。如： He asked whether [if] I would show him the way. 他问我是否可以给他带路。 Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。(引导主语从句，不能用if 代替whether) 3. 连接代词who(m), whose, which, what 等，均有各自的意义，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。如： That’s why she w anted to leave. 这就是她想离开的原因。 When we arrive doesn't matter. 什么时候到没有关系。 Tell me which one you like best. 告诉我你最喜欢哪一个。 4. 连接副词when, where, why, how 等，也各自有自己的意义，在从句中作状语。如： The question is how we should carry out the plan. 问题是怎样执行这个计划。 When she’ll be back depends much on the weather. 她什么时候回来在很大程度上要看天气。 Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever. 他为什么这样做将永远是一个谜。
1.时间状语从句连接词 17种 96题 横线前有didn’t,don’t 选until 06湖南省长沙25. --When did your father come back last night? --He didn't come back _______ he finished all the work. A. until B. while C. if 06湖北省孝感市30 .It’s 10 o’clock now. I must go. ---It’s raining outside. Don't leave _____ it stops. A. when B. since C. while D. until 06重庆市29 . My grandma didn’t go to s leep ______ I got back home. A. where B. until C. as soon as D. while 06山东省潍坊市31 . you told me, I heard nothing of what happened. A.Until B.After C.If D.Since 06青海省23 . The lazy boy _______ get to school _______ ten o'clock yesterday morning. A. could, until B. did, when C. didn't, until 06江苏南通14 . I won’t leave my office until my work _____. A. finish B. will finish C. are finished D. is finished 07安徽1 . – Look! Here comes our school bus. -- No hurry. Don’t get on it ______it has stopped. A. until B. after C. since D. when 07成都5 . The kids didn’t start to fly kites in the playground the rain stopped． A．if B．until C．whenever 07福州7. --Hurry up. The bus is coming. --Oh, no. We mustn't cross the street______the traffic lights are green. A．after B．since C．while D．until
宾语从句变化四要素 2. He asks m ne. Are they play ing a game?3、语序：宾语从句的语序都为陈述句do/does did 1、时态：语序 2、引导词：that if/whether特殊疑问词 主过从过：含有宾语从句的复合句中， 3. Where is the hospital? He told me.4、人称：根据需要（了解）从句原形宾语从句 主句用一般过去时，从句必须要用过去f试一试，我能行陈述句（that）+陈述句 时的某种时态。 4.Who bought the pen? He won dered. 1. Tom said. He is readi ng a book.一般疑问句if+陈述句 （特殊情况主过从现：从句如果是自f f特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+陈述句语序 然现象、客观规律等除外）宾语从句变化四要素 2. He asks me. Are they play ing a game?3、语序：宾语从句的语序都为陈述句 时态变化2、时态：f语序 从句原形宾语从句主过从过：含有宾语从句的复合句中， 3. Where is the hospital? He told me.4、人称：根据需要（了解） 一般现在时一般过去时主句用一般过去时，从句必须要用过去f试一试，我能行 一般将来时过去将来时时的某种时态。 4.Who bought the pen? He won dered. 1. Tom said. He is readi ng a book. 现在进行时过去进行时（特殊情况主过从现：从句如果是自f f 现在完成时过去完成时（了解）然现象、客观规律等除外）宾语从句变化四要素 2. He asks me. Are they play ing a game? am/is was时态变化3、时态：f are were从句原形宾语从句主过从过：含有宾语从句的复合句中， 3. Where is the hospital? He told me. have/has had一般现在时一般过去时主句用一般过去时，从句必须要用过去f will would一般将来时过去将来时时的某种时态。 4.Who bought the pen? He won dered. can could现在进行时过去进行时（特殊情况主过从现：从句如果是自f do/does did现在完成时过去完成时（了解）然现象、客观规律等除外）宾语从句变化四要素 2、引导词：that if/whether特殊疑问词am/is was时态变化4、时态： 从句原形宾语从句are were从句原形宾语从句主过从过：含有宾语从句的复合句中， 陈述句（that）+陈述句have/has had般现在时般过去时主句用一般过去时，从句必须要用过去 一般疑问句if+陈述句will would一般将来时过去将来时时的某种时态。 特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+陈述句语序can could现在进行时过去进行时（特殊情况主过从现：从句如果是自 3、语序：宾语从句的语序都为陈述句do/does did现在完成时过去完成时（了解）然现象、客观规律等除外） 语序2、引导词：that if/whether特殊疑问词am/is was时态变化 4、人称：: 根据需要（了解）从句原形宾语从句are were从句原形宾语从句 试一试，我能行陈述句（that）+陈述句have/has had般现在时般过去时 1. Tom said.He is readi ng a book.一般疑问句if+陈述句will would一般将来时过去将来时 特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+陈述句语序can could现在进行时过去进行时
实用标准文案 状语从句 在复合句中作状语的从句叫状语从句。状语从句有时间、地点、原因、目的、结 果、条件、方式、比较、让步等种类。 一、时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的连接词有: when, as, while, after, before, since, ever since, as soon as, once, till,until, whenever, no sooner than,hardly/scarcely...when, the moment/minute/instant/second,every time, each time, any time, the first time, next time, last time, all the time, by the time, directly, immediately, instantly 等。 1.表示“一···就···”的句型 1) as soon as/once As soon as he arrives, I'll call you.他一到，我就给你打电话。（as soon as侧重时间或动作先后衔接紧，而once 侧重条件，表示“一旦 ...”） 2) on doing sth/on one's + n.作时间状语 On arriving at the station, the thief was arrested. 一到达车站，这个小偷就被逮捕了。 On his arrival in Paris, he was recognized as a noble and thrown into prison. 他一到达巴黎，就被认出是一个贵族，并被投入监狱。 3)no sooner ...than , hardly/scarcely...when 它们表“一就”。结构中的否定词放在句首时，主句要倒装。（主句都用过去完成时， 从句用一般过去时。） No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain. 他刚到家，天就开始下雨了。 Hardly/Scarcely had I entered the room when the phone rang. 我一进屋，电话就响了。 注意当 no sooner, hardly, scarcely不放在句首时，主句不倒装，如： I had no sooner reached the bus stop than the bus started. 我刚到车站，车就开走了。 I had scarcely（hardly）entered the room when the phone rang. 4） the moment, the instant, the minute, the second The moment I saw him, I recognized him. 我一看见他，就认出了他。 We'll leave the minute you are ready. 你一准备好，我们就出发。 5) 有些副词如： instantly, immediately, directly可用作连词，后接从句。I left immediately the clock struck 5. 我刚走，钟就敲了五点。 2. when, while, as引导时间状语从句
名词性从句的连接词选用 名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句引导同位语从句的词通有连词that，whether，连接副词how,when,where 等。（注：if 不能引导同位语从句。）。在各种考试中，其最主要的考查内容为连接词的选用。名词性从句的连接词可细分为以下四种：（1）以that来引导从句；（2）以whether/if引导从句；（3）以特殊疑问词引导从句；（4）以关系代词/副词引导从句。 一、以that引导从句 当从句的意思已完整时，名词性从句用that引导，that在从句中不作任何句子成分，仅起连接作用。如： It is certain that he will do well in his new job. （主语从句） Do you know that he has been admitted to Beijing University? （宾语从句） My decision is that we are to start at 6 tomorrow morning. （表语从句）The news that our team had won the game excited everybody. （同位语从句） 当用that引导从句时，需注意以下情况： 1．在主语从句中，that一般不可省略，尤其是当主语从句位于句首时，它绝对不可省略。如： That our team had won the game was good news to us. 2．在宾语从句中，that可省略。但当句中有两个并列的宾语从句时，
引导第二个宾语从句的that不可省略。如： Everybody knows (that) the earth goes round the sun. Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. 3．当句子是以it作形式宾语时，引导宾语从句的that不可省略。如：He has made it clear that he will not give in. 4．that一般不能引导介词的宾语从句，偶尔可在except, but, besides 和in（在于…；在…方面）的后面引导宾语从句，that不可省略。如：Your homework is quite good except that you have made two small mistakes. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. He differed from other people in that he always looked farther ahead in his work. 在其它介词后面需要用that引导宾语从句时，必须用it作形式宾语。如： You may depend on it that I shall always help you. 5．在表语从句和同位语从句中，that不可省略。如： My advice is that you must give up smoking right now. The fact that he is a thief shocked all of us. 二、以whether/if引导从句 引导名词性从句的whether/if意为“是否”。在使用时，要注意两者存在以下区别。 1．在主语从句中，whether既可引导位于句首的主语从句，也可引导
简单地说，英语复合句所涉及的三大从句为：名词性从句（包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句），形容词性从句（即定语从句），副词性从句（即状语从句）。 1. 引导名词性从句通常有三类词：一类是连接词that, whether, if；另一类是连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which 以及whoever, whomever, whoseever, whatever,whichever；还有一类是连接副词how, when, where, why。 2. 引导形容词性从句（即定语从句）通常有两类词：一类是关系代词that, which, who, whom, as, whose等；另一类是关系副词where, when, why。 3. 引导副词性从句（即状语从句）的叫从属连词。不同作用的状语从句通常由不同的从属连词来引导。如： (1) 引导时间状语从句的从属连词主要有when, while, as, whenever, before, after, since, until, till, as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once等。 (2) 引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有if, unless, as [so] long as, in case 等。 (3) 引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。 (4) 引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有so that, so…that, such…that等。 (5) 引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that), considering (that) 等。 (6) 引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有although, though, even though, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever等。 (7) 引导方式状语从句的从属连词主要有as, like, as if, as though, the way等。 (8) 引导地点状语从句的从属连词主要有where, wherever, everywhere等。 (9) 引导比较状语从句的从属连词主要有than和as…as。
宾语从句（Object Clause） 定义 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句. 时态： 1.主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。 2.主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。 3.主句用过去时，从句是真理时，只用一般现在时。 一、宾语从句的连接词 从属连词 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句. He told me that he would go to the college the next year 他告诉我他下一年上大学. I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没人知道他是否会通过考试. 连接代词 连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等. 连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述. Do you know who has won Red Alert game 你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗 I don’t know whom you should depend on. 我不知道你该依靠谁. The book will show you what the best CEOs know. 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么. Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone 你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗 连接副词 连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等. He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面. Could you please tell me how you read the new panel 你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗 None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到. 二、动词的宾语从句