名词性从句Noun Clauses
一. 基础定义和连接词
1. 名词性从句：就是在句子中起名词作用的从句。
2. 名词性从句包括4种从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
从高考的考查的实际情况来看，名词性从句考得最多的是宾语从句，其次是主语从句，再次是表语从句，而同位语从句则很少考查。
[判断]以下从句类型：
1）The truth is that I have been there. ( )
2）The fact that she was late surprised us. ( )
3) That he will come is certain. ( )
4) I know that he will come. ( )
3. 名词性从句的连接词有：
从属连词（不做成分）：that （无意义）,whether, if （是否）….
连接代词（在从句中做主，宾，表，定）：what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whichever
连接副词（在从句中做状语）：when, where, how , why
二. 名词性从句位置和特点
●主语从句：1.可直接放在句首。
2.主语较长时通常用It作形式主语，而将主语从句放在后面。
1). he knows Japanese is known to all.
2). surprised me was to see him here .
3) he is coming doesn’t matter much.
4) It remains a secret they climbed up the mountain.
●宾语从句：可做动词,介词和部分（表情感态度的）形容词词的宾语。
I want to know when we will start.
Everything depends on whether we have enough time.
I’m afraid (that) I have made a mistake.
注意：如果宾语从句后面有宾补要使用it 作形式宾语而将从句放到宾补后面。
常见的可以接it形式宾语的动词有：make, think, find, feel, consider等
He made it clear that he was determined to resign .
I thought it strange that he didn’t call me.
●表语从句：
● 1.位于系动词动词之后。常见此类系动词有be，look，seem, appear等
It seems that she has known the truth.
It looks as if it is going to rain.
This school is no longer what it was before.
2.主语是reason时，表语从句常用that引导，不用because 引导。
The reason for his absence was he was ill.
3. 表语从句可以用as if, as though, 和because引导
e.g. It seemed as if he had done something great.
That is because he has got lost.
4.注意下面句型的习惯译法：
This is where Lu Xun once lived.
That was how they won the match.
This is why she got up so early this morning.
●同位语从句：
1. 位于名词之后，通常为含义，概念名词，解释说明它的含义和内容。
这样的名词有：belief, fact, hope, idea, doubt, news ,conclusion, problem, information, opinion, promise, truth, suggestion…
2. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
1）从意义上讲前者对名词加以补充说明，后者对名词加以修饰和限定。
2）同位语从句的引导词不可省略，定语从句的引导词有时可省略。
3）同位语从句的引导词that 在从句中不充当任何成分，定语从句的引导词在从句中必须充当一定成分。
判断下面从句类型：
We were excited about the news (that) he had told us. ( )
We were excited about the news that he had passed the exam. ( )
The fact that the young man had been a prisoner astonished her . ( )
The fact that was unbelievable astonished everyone. ( )
The question who helped us out of difficulty remains to be answered. ( )
The question which he asked remains to be answered. ( )
三.名词性从句的主要考点
1.名词性从句要用陈述语序。尤其是含疑问意义的wh-类的词引出的从句要倍加注意。
e.g. Why was she crying?
I don’t know why he was crying.
2.that引导宾语语从句时可省略，引导其他从句一般不可省略。
[判断] 下面那个that可以省略？
1）I know that he will come soon.
2）That they are good at English is known to us all.
3）The problem is that we don’t have enough money.
4）She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.
[注意] 由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that 不省略.
He told me （that）he would come and that he would come on time.
3.whether 和if 的选择问题
A. whether能引导所有名词性从句; if 只能引导宾语从句(也可引导不位于句首的主语从句)
B. 介词后的宾语从句只能用whether不能用if 。
C. whether能和or not 连用，而if不可以
D. whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样；
E. whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。
[填空] 用whether和if 填空
1）I don’t know he will come.
2）I have not decided to go or not.
3）It all depends on they will come back.
4.what 引导名词性从句时可有两种意义:
保持原有的疑问意义，表示“什么”。I don’t know what he wants.
表示“……的东西，….. 的事情”。That’s what he wants.
5. who引导的名词性从句译为“谁…的事”---指事。
Whoever引导的名词性从句译为“任何…的人”---指人。
[翻译句子]
e.g. Wh o will be sent there hasn’t been decided.
Whoever will be sent there will be paid a lot.
6. which 和what 引导定语从句的区别：
Which有范围，表示一定范围内的“哪一个…”
What没有范围，直接翻译成“什么….”
e.g. I don’t know what you want.
There are two books. Can you tell me which you want?
7. 名词性从句的时态问题
1.当主句的谓语动词是过去式时，宾语从句若不是一个客观事实或真理，其谓语动词也必须用
某种过去时态。如：
She said that she （do）want to know. 她说她不想知道。
I asked her whether she （will）agree. 我问她是否会同意
2. when, if引导名词性从句且表示将来意义时，要直接使用将来时态；但当它们引导状语从句且表示将来意义时，则必须用一般现在时表示将来意义。如：
I don’t know when he will come, but when he comes, I’ll call you.
句中第一个when 引导的是从句，故用将来时态表示将来意义；第二个when 引导的是从句，故用一般现在时表示将来意义。
名词性从句里面各个连接词的区分 陈述语气 That +陈述语气（肯定语气）： 空气污染对气候有很大影响是明摆的事实。 真可惜我们不能去游泳. 特殊疑问词+ever whoever, whatever, …… 无论谁触犯了法律都应该被惩罚。 疑问语气 Whether 和if 你是否接受她的邀请与我无关。 People are involving in a debate aboutwhether parent should parents make suggestions to teachers. 特殊疑问词 Who 谁泄漏了那个消息还不得而知。 where 我不知道要去哪里。 What 我也在质疑近来她都在做什么。 I am doubting what she is doing. It is your heart that makes you noble. What makes you noble is your heart. 我不知道要选择哪一个
How, 我不知道该怎么做 Why 1)为什么他走得那么匆忙是一个问题。 可以在后面加上疑问语气的同位从句的先行词有哪些？ Issue，problem，question，puzzle, debate，doubt 延伸：名词性从句省略主语的情况： I don’t know what to do. I don’t know what I can do. 条件是，从句里的主语和主句的主语是一样的。 非谓语动词作状语，当主干的主语与非谓语的主语一致，可以省略非谓语里面的主语，否则，应当在非谓语前面加上非谓语的主语。 Playing basketball，Mike is strong. Weather permitting, I will go out for a picnic. 时间状语从句：主干的主语与非谓语的主语一致 While eating an apple, I was playing football. 事实上是对While I was eating an apple, I was playing football. 的省略。 同位语重句
you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom 11. Who can think of a situation A. which B. that C. where D. in that A. That; surprises B. What; surprising C. How; are surprised D. That; is surprised 13. The thought ____ Lao Gao would open a Sichuan restaurant in Los Angeles surprised his wife A. that B. what C. whether D. if 1. Is this the factory 2. Is this factory 3. Is this the factory he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 4. The wolves hid themselves in the places couldnt be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that 5. Here is so difficult a question A. that no one can answer B. which nobody can answer it C. as no one can answer it D. as nobody can answer 6. The reason is ___ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether 7. Antarctic __ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round. A. which B. where C. that D. about which 8. May the fourth is the day _ we Chinese people will never forget. A. which B. when C. on which D. about which 9. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, __ live my grandparents and some relatives. A. which B. that C. who D. where 10. He has two sons, work as chemists. this idiom can be used? 12. people spend so much money on their pets us a lot.
2013高考语法名词性从句 知识总结与归纳： （一）名词性从句的结构：名词性从句起名词作用在句中做主语，表语，宾语和同位语构成：主语从句；表语从句；宾语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连词有三类：that；whether/if; wh-疑问词(疑问代词：what /whatever, which / whichever, who / whoever , whom / whomever ; 疑问副词：when / whenever, where / wherever , why，how / however) 另：as if / as though, because也可引导表语从句 例句： 1.The result of this French influence was ______ the English language ended up with many French words such as table, animal and age. 2. ______ interested him was _______ the whole world had been mapped 70 years before Columbus. 3. _____most of these are now threatened and may disappear is a serious matter to the people in Britain. 4. This gave him the idea______ the Chinese perhaps first discovered America. 5. If we learn to accept change and appreciate _______is new and different, we will be well-prepared for ____ the future may have in store. （二）同位语从句在名词idea; fact; news; thought; suggestion/advice; problem; proof等词后面同位语从句解释了前面的那些名词所指的内容，与那些名词起着同等作用的句子成分，叫同位语从句。 1. The fact ______ Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many. 2. I asked myself a question ________ the research is worth the trouble. 3. I have no idea ______ has happened to him. （三）同位语从句与定语从句的辨析： that引导的同位语从句解释前面名词的内容，that是连词没有任何意义，在从句中不做任何成分。而定语从句修饰前面的先行词，从句有关系词that; which; who; when; where; why引导，先行词在从句中充当主语，宾语，状语。 1. The news that the plane would take off on time made everyone happy. 2. The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming. （四）what; whatever; whoever; where引导的名词性从句：what+陈述句：……的话/事/的样子；whatever+陈述句：……的任何东西；whoever+陈述句：做…事的任何人；（以上名词性从句做主语，表语或宾语）；where+陈述句：……的所在，做表语。 1. _________ life will be like in the future is difficult to predict. 2. The schools of the future will probably be quite different from ________ they are today. 3. If we learn to accept change and appreciate ______ is new and different, we will be well-prepared for ____ the future may have in store. 4. ________ comes will be welcome. 5. That is just _________ they are mistaken. （五）与“命令，建议，要求, 有必要/重要”有关的名词性从句中的谓语动词结构：1）主动结构：should do; 2）被动结构：should be done;（should可以省略） 1. I suggest that he should come another day. 2. The suggestion that the students should learn something practical is worth considering. 3. I though it necessary that I should stay in the room till he came back. （六）it 作为形式主语的句型： It is +形容词/名词/名词短语+that 从句。 It is said / reported / predicted that从句。 It is suggested / believed / thought / hoped / found / that从句。 1. It’s a pity that you are leaving. 2. It’s decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday. 3. It was once predicted that British and American English would become separate languages finally.
名词性从句测试题及答案经典 一、名词性从句 1．______ has caused great confusion is ______ he made it without anyone else's help. A. What; that. B. What; how. C. It; how. D. It; that. 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：让人极大困惑的是他如何在没有别人帮助的情况下做到这一点的。表示“让人困惑的事情”用what引导主语从句，表示“如何做到的”用how表方式，引导表语从句。故选B. 【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及what引导的主语从句和how引导的表语从句。 2．________ is known to us all that the old scientist, for ________ life was hard in the past, still works hard in his eighties. A. As; whose B. It; whose C. As; whom D. It; whom 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：我们都知道，那位老科学家，过去生活很艰苦，到了八十多岁还在努力工作。第一空it is known to us all that…是个固定句型，意为“众所周知…”；第二空为介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，先行词the old scientist指人，作介词for的宾语，只能用whom，故选D。 【点评】考查名词性从句和定语从句，本题涉及固定句式it is known to us all that…和whom引导的限制性定语从句。 3．Some people believe _______ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. A. whatever B. whenever C. wherever D. no matter what 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：一些人认为之前发生的或现在正在发生的任何事情在将来都会重复发生。Whatever has happened before or is happening now是一个主语从句，whatever既引导起这个主语从句，也在句中做主语。BC项都属于副词的性质，都不能做主语，通常只能做状语；no matter what只能用来引导状语从句，故选A。 【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及"特殊疑问词+ever"引导的主语从句。 4．Has it been announced ______? A. when are the planes to take off B. that are the planes to take off C. where are the planes to take off D. when the planes are to take off 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意: 飞机什么时候起飞已经宣布了吗？此处是when引导的主语从句，且要用陈述句语序，故选D。 【点评】考查名词性从句，it作形式主语，关系副词when引导的从句作真正的主语。
定语从句和名词性从句中关系词的用法? 定语从句,主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句分别用哪些关系词?如何用? 特别是that和what的区别 在英语教学中，关系词常常是学生容易混淆的问题。在某些情况下，学生常常不知道该使用那一个关系词,这个问题常是教学中的重点或难点。因此，本文就学生在学习关系词“that”、“which”、“whose”、“what” 时经常容易出现问题的几个难点部分进行分析，以便于教学中让学生注意区别它们的用法。 一．在定语从句中关系词用法的差异 1．关系代词“that” 与“which” 的区别 在限定性定语从句中，我们知道关系词指代人时，常用who、whom 、whose (或that)，指代物时常用whi ch 或that 。例如： 例1．Where is the girl who / that sells the tickets? （卖票的女孩子在哪？） 例2．I’ve lost bananas which / that I bought this morning. (我把今天早上买的香蕉丢了。） 在上述两个例子中who 和which都可以由that 替代。但是当先行词是all、little、few 或是由every(thin g)、any(thing)、no(thing)、none、much、only 修饰时，关系词要用that不能用which 。例如： 例3．Is this all that is left? （是不是就剩下这一个了？） 例4．Have you got anything that belongs to me? （你那有我什么东西吗？） 例5．The only thing that matters is to find our way home .（只有一件事最重要，那就是找到回家的路。） 除上述情况外，当先行词由序数词或最高级修饰时，关系词必须用that（见例6和例7）。 例6．The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan . (我们应该做的第一件事是定个计划/ 我们应该首先定个计划。) 例7．This is the best film (that) I’ve ever seen . （这是我看过的最好的影片。）此句中的that 在从句中做宾语，可以省略。 2．关系副词与关系代词的区别 在定语从句中，当先行词是人或物时，从句的引导词用关系代词；而当先行词是表示时间和地点时，常用关系副词引导。但有时常遇到先行词是表示时间或地点的名词，关系词却要用关系代词。请看例句： 例1．This is the place where we worked last year.（这是我去年工作过的地方。） 例2．This is the place which / that we visited last year.（这是我去年参观过的地方。） 上述两个句子的主句相同，先行词都是place ，但是它在两个从句中的功用不同。例1中的place 指的是从句中谓语动词发生动作的地点（… worked in the place），因此，关系词要用关系副词where (= in wh ich)。而例2中的place是从句谓语动词的宾语(…visited the place)，关系词指代的是动作的承受对象，所以要用关系代词which或that ，不能用关系副词where 。 例3．I still remember the day when Nanjing was liberated.（我一直记着南京解放的那一天。） 例4．I still remember the day which / that we spend together.（我一直记着我们共同度过的时光。） 例3中的day 在从句中做状语(表示…on the day) ，所以用when 。例4 中的day 是从句中spend 的宾语(…spend the day) ，所以要用which 或that 。 由此，我们可以看出：当先行词是表示时间或地点的名词时，用关系代词还是用关系副词引导定语从句，要根据先行词在句子中的功用。当先行词在从句中表示的是时间或地点（在从句中做状语）时，要用关系副词；当先行词在从句中做宾语（表示动作的承受者，有时先行词在从句中做主语）时，就要用关系代词。 3．在非限定性定语从句中指物时只能用which
名词性从句专项练习Ⅱ 1. Police have found _________ appears to be the lost ancient statue. 2. _______ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. 3. Experts believe _______ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. 4. _________ struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love his son. 5. It’s good to know _______ the dogs will be well cared for while we away. 6. the only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _____ you are better than anyone else on the sports field. 7. Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _____ close you may be to victory. 8. From space, the earth looks blue. This is about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. 9. _____ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it. 10. It remains to be seen _____ the newly formed committee’s policy be put into practice. 11. It is by no means clear ______ the president can do to end the strike. 12. The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but ____ he reached these limits will depend on his environment.
英语名词性从句练习全集及解析 一、初中英语名词性从句 1．________ manners are very important in every country is known to all，but the trouble is that different countries have different ideas about ________ good manners are. A. That; what B. That; that C. What; that D. What; what 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：众说周知，礼貌在每一个国家中都是非常重要的，但是麻烦是，不同的国家对于什么是良好的礼貌有着不同的认识。逗号前有两个谓语动词，一个是are，一个是is known，故是两句话，需填连词连接这两句话，根据句意可知，前面是主语从句，故填that，此处的that，只起连接作用不作任何成分。about是介词，其后是个句子故应填连词把这两句话连接起来，所缺词作are的表语，故填what。因此选A。 【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及that引导的主语从句和what引导的宾语从句。 2．Some people believe _______ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. A. whatever B. whenever C. wherever D. no matter what 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：一些人认为之前发生的或现在正在发生的任何事情在将来都会重复发生。Whatever has happened before or is happening now是一个主语从句，whatever既引导起这个主语从句，也在句中做主语。BC项都属于副词的性质，都不能做主语，通常只能做状语；no matter what只能用来引导状语从句，故选A。 【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及"特殊疑问词+ever"引导的主语从句。 3． is even more important is the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. A. When; that; when B. What; whether; as C. What; that; as D. lt; whether; as 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】这题考查从句的用法，第一空填what引导主语从句，在主语从句中what做主语，第二空填that引导表语从句，在表语从句中，as是引导时间状语从句，句意是：甚至更重要的是：随着地球的冷却，水开始出现在表面。选C。 4．Has it been announced ______? A. when are the planes to take off B. that are the planes to take off C. where are the planes to take off D. when the planes are to take off 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意: 飞机什么时候起飞已经宣布了吗？此处是when引导的主语从句，且要用陈述句语序，故选D。
专题十名词性从句 第一节基本知识与基本概念 【什么是名词性从句？】 顾名思义，主语从句在句子中作主语。有时本身出现在主语的位置上，也有时出于句子结构的考虑退到句子的尾部，前面用形式主语it代替。从句作主语时，谓语动词一般为单数形式。如: What I saw was beyond any verbal description. That his hair was turning grey worried him a bit. Why the company denied the contract is still unknown. When and where the government will build a city square is under discussion. It is pretty annoying that a small part of the machine is missing. It remains to be seen whether the new novel will be well received. 【宾语从句】 在句子中作宾语的从句就是宾语从句。由于这是同学们接触比较早的一种从句，应该问题不大。所以在近年的高考题中，以宾语从句的知识作为考点的题目较少。但是，宾语从句也有自己的特殊情况，如介词的宾语，形容词的宾语，宾语从句提前和并列的宾语从句等现象。如： We assumed that there would be more than 100 guests. He told the police in detail what he saw and heard. Nobody is sure what humans will look like in a million years. That will depend on whether they can get the chance. Whether I will have the time I am not sure at the moment. The conductor complained that we were not gifted in singing and that he would never come again. 【表语从句】 表语从句的最重要脸谱就是它们应该出现在系动词的后面。如： The only question left is how often the workers are paid. His idea for the coming weekend is that we go skating. 【同位语从句】 从脸谱上看，同位语从句最为麻烦。因为它们也是出现在一个名词的后面，起着解释说明的作用。
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 e.g. She is the girl who talked to me yesterday. 名词性从句（Noun Clauses）---主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句在句中做主语、宾语、表语和同位语的成份。 e.g. I don’t know who she is. (宾语) This is why I came here.（表语） 区别： 第一，定语从句有先行词，且先行词可以放入后面的从句中使从句完整； 名词性从句中的主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句没有先行词，同位语从句有先行词但在从句中不做成分。 e.g. The news that they told me excited me. （the news可以放入从句中，使句子完整，即they told me the news） The news that our team won excited me. (the news无法放入从句中，所以是同位语从句） 第二，在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能 定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。 第三，最关键也是最重要的区别： 1.名词性从句和定语从句的最本质的不同点在于，前者在句子中做名词，而后者相当于形容词，修饰或限制名词或代词。名词性从句由that引导时，通常不充当从句的句子成分，故that 可省去。但定语从句由that引导时，如在从句中充当主语时，则that不能省去。 2.使用中最大的区别：定语从句由于在句子中只作定语，故去掉它，整个句子还完整，就像普通的句子去掉一个定语不影响原句的完整性一样。但名词性从句由于它们充当的是句子的骨干成分（主语，宾语或表语），故去掉它们，原句就不通了。如下面的A句，去掉了主语从句That he has become a rich man ，原句变成is known to all in our town。就失去了完整性。而B句，去掉定语从句部分that is on the desk后，原句变成The pen is mine还是通的。 A：That he has become a rich man is known to all in our town . B：The pen that is on the desk is mine .
从句 定语从句专项练习题 一、语法填空 I、用适当的关系词填空： 1、This is the professor taught me chemistry in 1980 . 2、The hospital was built five years ago has been modernized. 3、This is the boy father died three years ago. 4、The film we saw the day before yesterday is very interesting. 5、Do you know the student was praised at the meeting? 6、1949 is the year the People’s Republic of China was founded. 7、They work in a factory makes radio parts. 8、They work in a factory radio parts are made. 9、This is the vision phone through we can see and talk to our friends. 10、Here are players from Japan, some of are our old friends. 11、She lives in a small village, is only three miles from here. 12、She is going to spend the summer holidays in Shanghai, she has some friends. 13、We’ll put off the meeting till next week, we won’t be so busy. 14、The sun gives the earth light and heat, is very important to the living things.
连词填空 A 从属连词(名词性从句) we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. we go swimming every day does us a lot of good. pick him up is not decided. he'll come or not isn't important. class will win the match is not clear so far. he will go abroad is being discussed. I spend my summer is none of your business . have done might do harm to other people. < 9. _________ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. is a fact _________ English is accepted as an international language. 11. It is still under discussion ________the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. 12. It is known to all _________ the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese. 13. It is still a mystery ______ caused the accident. 14. I want to know _______he can come here on time. 15. —Do you remember ________ he came —Yes, I do, he came by car. 16. —What did your parents think about your decision —They always let me do __________ I think I should. ) 17. He said ________ she would leave the message on the headmaster's desk. 18. There is no doubt ________they he will win the game. 19. I doubt ________he will come. 20. I don’t doubt ________he will come. 21. I was really surprised at ______ I saw. 22. We are talking about ____________we admit students into our club. 23. They are worrying about ____________ they can get there in time. 24. She was praised for ______ she had done. 25. We all find it important ______ we (should) make a quick decision about this matter 26. I think it necessary ______ we take plenty of hot water every day . 《 27. The problem was ______ could do the work. 28. That's ______ he is worrying about. 29. That's ______we never thought of it. 30. The fact is ______ we have lost the game. 31. The reason why he was late was ______he missed the train by one minute this morning 32. My suggestion is ______ we (should) start early tomorrow. 33. He is ill. That’s ______ he is absent. 34. -- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. -- Is that ____ you had a few days off 35. The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. *
whoever与no matter who有何区别 有这样一道题： I will give the ticket to __________ wants it. A. whoever B. no matter who C. whatever D. no matter what 此题应选 A。容易误选B。选项C，D都是错的，因为从句意上看，“想要票的”应 该是“人”(whoever)而不能是“东西”(whatever)。至于为什么选 whoever 而不选no matter who，这要从它们在句中引导的成分说起： no matter who通常只能引导状语从句，而不能引导名词性从句。而 whoever 既可引导 名词性从句(= anyone that)也可引导状语从句(=no matter who)： 如何理解宾语从句的时态呼应 理解宾语从句的时态响应，应注意以下几种情况： 1. 无需呼应的情况：若主句谓语动词的时态为现在时或将来时，宾语从句的谓语动词 可根据句意的需要使用任何所需要的时态。如： He knows where they live. 他知道他们住哪里。 No one knows where he was born. 没有人知道他出生于何地。 Tom says that he’ll never get married. 汤姆说他永远不结婚。 2. 主句为过去时的情况：若主句谓语动词为过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词应用相应的 过去时态。如： She asked me if I’d slept well. 她问我睡得好不好。 I didn’t know whether they liked the place. 我不知道他们是否喜欢这个地方。 He said he was going to accompany her home. 他说他将陪她回家。 当主句谓语动词为过去时，即使宾语从句所表示的时间是现在，通常也用过去时。如：Oh! I didn’t know you were here. 啊! 我不知道你在这里。(you were here指说话的当时)
定语从句和名词性从句对比练习（经典） I.定语从句与其他相似易混结构比较 1.定语从句与并列结构 1) She won the first prize in the speech contest and______ surprised us. A. which B. it C. as D. who 2) She won the first prize in the speech contest, ______ surprised us. A. which B. whom C. them D. what 2.定语从句与结果状语从句 1) This is such an interesting book ______ all of us want to read. A. as B. which C. that D. what 2)This is such an interesting book ______ all of us want to read it .
A. as B. which C. that D. what 3.定语从句与地点状语从句 1) He advised me to live ________ the air is fresher. A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where 2) He advised me to live in the place ______ the air is fresher. A. in where B. in that C. where D. which 4.定语从句与主语从句 1) ______ is known to everyone that Taiwan is part of China. A. As B. Which C. It D. What
定语从句和名词性从句 考点一关系代词引导的定语从句 1．whose是一个表示所属关系的词，在定语从句中作定语，of which可以代替whose指物，词序一般是名词＋of which或of which＋名词。of whom 可以代替whose指人，词序是名词＋of whom。 Many children，whose parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village. 父母亲在大城市里打工的许多孩子在村庄里被照顾的非常好。 The old temple whose roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair. 那座在暴风雨中屋顶受损的古庙现在正在维修中。 2．which，that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。 先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词用that；which代指前面整个句子内容。 They talked for about an hour of things and people that they remembered in the school.关于他们记得的上学时的人和事，他们讨论了一小时。 The Internet is a huge computer system which/that allows millions of people around the world to share information. 因特网是一个庞大的计算机系统，它使得世界上成千上万的人们共享信息成为可能。3．who，whom，that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。 The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people，many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city. 近千人在这一社区居住，他们当中很多都是从农村老家来城市寻求更好的日子的。 考点二介词提前了的定语从句 1．与定语从句中的动词构成搭配。 In the dark street，there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。 2．与定语从句所修饰的先行词构成搭配。 Patience，without which you can't do the work well，is a kind of quality. 耐心是一种品质。没有了耐心，你不能做好工作。 3．of＋which/whom表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose) Recently I bought an ancient vase，the price of which(＝whose price)was very reasonable. 最近我买了个古老的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。 考点三关系副词引导的定语从句 1．关系副词在定语从句中作状语，when指时间，where指地点，why指原因，在定语从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。 Occasions are quite rare when I have time to spend a day with my kids. 我有时间和孩子们一起度过一天的机会很少。 After graduation I'd like to find a job where I can use what I have learnt at school.毕业后我要找到一份能利用在学校所学知识的一份工作。 2．先行词是时间名词或地点名词时，如果在从句中不作状语，则不能用when或where引导定语从句，而要用which/that。 Is this the reason(that /which)he gave us for the delay of the project?