All the world's a stage, （William Shakespeare ）
And all the men and women merely players: They have their exits and their entrances; And one man in his time plays many parts, His acts being seven ages.
At first the infant, Mewling and puking in the nurse's arms. And then the whining school-boy, with his satchel And shining morning face, creeping like snail Unwillingly to school. And then the lover, Sighing like furnace, with a woeful ballad Made to his mistress' eyebrow. Then a soldier, Full of strange oaths and bearded like the pard, Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel, Seeking the bubble reputation Even in the cannon's mouth. And then the justice, In fair round belly with good capon lined, With eyes severe and beard of formal cut, Full of wise saws and modern instances; And so he plays his part. The sixth age shifts Into the lean and slipper'd pantaloon,With spectacles on nose and pouch on side, His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide For his shrunk shank; and his big manly voice, Turning again toward childish treble, pipes And whistles in his sound. Last scene of all, That ends this strange eventful history, Is second childishness and mere oblivion, Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything.
世界是一个舞台，一切的男女都不过是演员：他们有他们的登场和退场，而且一个人在他的时代里扮演许多的角色，他的角色的扮演分七个时期。最初婴孩在乳母怀抱里啼哭呕吐。于是带着书包啼哭的学童，露着早上明澈的脸，像一只蜗牛般很勉强地爬向学校。于是长吁短叹的恋人以哀伤的短歌呈献给他的情人的娥眉。于是爱好离奇的咒骂的军人，胡须长得像一只豹，爱惜名誉，急于争吵，甚至于在炮口内觅取如泡沫幻影的名誉。于是法官饱食了困难，挺着美观的圆肚子，张着庄严的眼睛，留着规规矩矩的胡须，他的发言充满着聪明的格言和时新的例证，他这样扮演他的角色。第六个时期转入消瘦的，穿着拖鞋的丑角，鼻上架着眼镜，身边挂着钱袋，好好节省下来的青年时代的袜子，穿在他的瘦缩的小腿上，大得难以使人相信，他的壮年的洪声转成小孩子尖锐的声音，在他的声音里充满竹笛的尖声。最后一幕结束这怪事层出的传记是第二个婴孩时期，并且仅令是湮没无闻，没有牙齿，没有眼睛，没有味觉，没有一切的东西。
Sonnets from the Portuguese: 43 ------ How do I love thee?
She Walks in Beauty 伊人倩影by George Gordon Byron 拜伦1788-1824 罗德拜伦She Walks in Beauty她在美中穿行
She walks in beauty, like the night，
Of cloudless climes and starry skies；
And all that’s best of dark and bright
Meet in her aspect and her eyes；
Thus mellowed to that tender light
Which heaven to gaudy day denies．
One shade more, one ray less,
Had half impaired the nameless grace
Which waves in every raven tress,
Or softly lightens o’er her face；
Where thoughts serenely sweet express
How pure, how dear their dwelling-place．
And on that cheek, and o’er that brow,
So soft, so calm, yet eloquent
The smiles that win, the tints that glow．
But tell of days in goodness spent,
A mind at peace with all below,
A heart whose love is innocent!
她在美中徜徉，
她在美中穿行；
象深邃的苍穹缀满繁星，
象皎洁的夜空万里无云。
明和暗多么协调，
深与浅恰如其分；
白昼的光线过于炫耀，
柔和的夜色最为温馨。
美汇入她的举止，
美溶进她的眼神；
美在乌黑的发际游弋，
美在灿烂的脸上逡巡。
不多一丝辉光，
不少半点柔阴；
包容的思绪弥足珍贵，
潜藏的心灵更加香醇；
在面颊，在眉宇，
无言胜似有声；
那里可以体察心绪的平静，
那里可以领会情感的温存。
那折服人心的微笑，
那淡淡泛起的红晕，
诉说着度过的优雅时光，
透露出沉积的善良品性。
人间万事平心以待，
恰似美的天神；
一颗心装着至爱，
一颗心永远真纯。
A Red Red Rose Robert Burns O my luve is like a red, red rose, That’s newly sprung in June;
O my luve is like the melodie That’s sweetly played in tune. As fair thou art, my bonie lass,
So deep in luve am I;
And I will luve thee still, my dear, Till a’ the seas gang dry.
Till a’ the seas gang dry, my dear, And the rocks melt wi’ the sun; And I will luve thee still , my dear, While the sands o’ life shall run. And fare thee weel, my only luve, And fare thee weel a while; And I will come again, my luve, Tho’it wre ten thousand mile!
一朵红红的玫瑰
罗伯特.彭斯
啊！我爱人象红红的玫瑰，
在六月里苞放；
啊，我爱人象一支乐曲，
乐声美妙、悠扬。
你那么美，漂亮的姑娘，
我爱你那么深切；
我会永远爱你，亲爱的，
一直到四海涸竭。
直到四海涸竭，亲爱的，
直到太阳把岩石消熔！
我会永远爱你，亲爱的，
只要生命无穷。
再见吧，我唯一的爱人，
再见以，小别片刻！
我会回来的，我的爱人，
即使万里相隔！
Fire and Ice by Robert Frost
Some say the world will end in fire,
Some say in ice.
From what I've tasted of desire，
I hold with those who favor fire.
But if it had to perish twice,
I think I know enough of hate
To know that for destruction ice
Is also great
and would suffice.
火与冰
罗伯特?弗洛斯特(著）
有人说世界将结束于熊熊烈焰，
有人则说结束于凛凛寒冰。
欲望如火，体会其烈，
则知世之归于火为我所愿。
但若其必两度遭逢毁灭，
我知恨之极至，
必然明了，毁灭之冰，
同样魁伟，
同样顺人心意。
The Call to Freedom (1819)Percy Bysshe Shelley From the workhouse and the prison
Where pale as corpses newly risen,
Women, children, young and old
Groan for pain, and weep for cold -
From the haunts of daily life
Where is waged the daily strife
With common wants and common cares
Which sows the human heart with tares -
Lastly from the palaces
Where the murmur of distress
Echoes, like the distant sound
Of a wind alive around
Those prison halls of wealth and fashion
Where some few feel such compassion
For those who groan, and toil, and wail
As must make their brethren pale -
Ye who suffer woes untold,
Or to feel, or to be behold
Your lost country bought and sold
With a price of blood and gold -
Let a vast assembly be,
And with great solemnity
Declare with measured words that ye
Are, as God has made ye, free -
And these words shall then become
Like Oppression's thunder doom
Ringing through each heart and brain,
Heard again - again - again
Rise like Lions after slumber
In unvanquishable number -
Shake your chains to earth like dew
Which in sleep had fallen on you -
Ye are many - they are few.
自由的召唤
从教养所到监狱，
有如刚刚爬起来的尸体，
面色苍白的男女老幼，
发出痛苦的呻吟,寒冷的悲泣――
一年年，一日日，
苦苦挣扎，耗尽心力，
人们的内心一片荒芜，
忧愁无限，一贫如洗――
从那遥远的宫墙，
传来阵阵低沉的痛惜，
就象呼呼的风声，
回荡在人们的耳际。
围城中的上流社会，
少数好人还有良知正义；
他们同情呻吟哀号的姊妹，
他们关注劳苦虚弱的兄弟。
饱受灾难的人们啊，
你们应该觉察这个秘密：
你们的祖国已被出卖，
那是用鲜血与黄金达成的交易。
举行一此盛大的集会，
气氛庄严无比，
用清淅的语言郑重宣告，
上帝的子民，自由属于你！
这宣言有如惊雷响起，
把头上的大山轰塌在地，
它在每个人心中回荡，
一次又一次，相继不息。
起来，沉睡的雄狮，
万众一心，所向无敌！
象抖落身上的露珠，
把枷锁挣脱抛弃；
你们人数众多，他们寥寥无几！
Walk with Me in Moonlight
简介：―月光行‖一诗的作者是美国当代诗人里昂·耐特（Leon Knight, 1936年出生）。他是明尼苏达州人，也是诗刊《同心圆》(Full Circle）的主编，早年获得哈佛大学英语系的硕士学位，曾发表过多种诗集及短篇小说和散文集，并常常组织明尼苏达州诗人开展诗歌新作朗诵会。他的诸多作品中不少是写爱的：人与人之间的爱，恋人之间的爱。他写爱写得深刻动人，主要原因是他自己便是一个充满了爱心的人。他爱他的学生，爱他的朋友——许多是肤色不同的朋友，爱他的家庭、儿女，更爱他那身患白血病二十多年的妻子Ginny，结婚四十多年如一日。他给她的爱是她精神的支柱，使她有勇气战胜病魔，使她在与白血病的斗争中创造了奇迹。这首诗便是写给妻子的，收录在1989年发表的诗集《驾风的飞蝶》（Butterflies on the Wind）中。
Come, walk with me
in moonlight.
We'll rejoice the close of day.
Talk with me
as moonlight sparkles dreams
before our way.
Draw closer in the moonlight;
feel warmth within my arms ?
drink deep the cup of moonlight;
drink deep the magic charms.
We'll learn poetry
by moonlight
(Hold back the falling moon).
We'll drink every drop
of moonlight,
Knowing the sun
shall rise
too soon.
来吧，与我漫步
在月光中
让我们共享这暮色朦胧
把柔肠细诉
当月光在前面的路上
闪烁着梦想
月色中更紧地偎依
你可感到我臂间的暖意
深饮这杯月色
深饮这神奇的魅力
我们要在月色中
体味诗意
（将落月挽留）
我们要饮尽每一滴月色
因为太阳
就要
升起来
源:考试大-经典译文站
威廉·莎士比亚（1564-1616），英国著名诗人、戏剧家。出生于英国斯特拉特福市(Stratford-on-Avon)的商人家庭，在当地的名校读完中学。1582年成家，生有三个子女。1584年离开家乡，到外面的世界谋求发展，直至1592年在伦敦成名。他的竞争者称他为―暴发户‖，根据他的名字的意思，―他是一个国家唯一的搅局者‖。
莎士比亚早期的艺术生涯一直是个谜，没有人知道他1585-1592年间的行踪。他一生为后人留下了37部戏剧，两首长诗，154首十四行诗。其中包括著名的《哈姆雷特》、《李尔王》、《奥赛罗》、《麦克佩斯》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》、《威尼斯商人》、《仲夏夜之梦》、《驯悍记》、《暴风雨》等。
下面这首小诗出自莎翁的著名喜剧《皆大欢喜》（As You Like It)。剧中，亲兄弟反目成仇，弟弟篡夺了哥哥的公爵爵位，将他驱逐出城。公爵与他的随从来到了阿登森林，在那里过着无忧无虑的隐居生活。这首诗就是他的随从在森林里唱的一首歌。
Blow, Blow, Thou Winter Wind
Blow, blow, thou winter wind,
Thou art not so unkind
As man's ingratitude;
Thy tooth is not so keen
Because thou art not seen,
Although thy breath be rude.
Heigh ho! sing heigh ho! unto the green holly:
Most friendship is feigning, most loving mere folly;
Then, heigh ho! the holly!
This life is most jolly.
Freeze, freeze, thou bitter sky,
That dost not bite so nigh
As benefits forgot:
Though thou the waters warp,
Thy sting is not so sharp
As friendship remember'd not.
Heigh-ho! sing heigh-ho! unto the green holly:
Most friendship is feigning, most loving mere folly;
Then, heigh-ho! the holly!
This life is most jolly.
不惧冬风凛冽，
风威远难遽及
人世之寡情；
其为气也虽厉，
其牙尚非甚锐，
风体本无形。
噫嘻乎！且向冬青歌一曲：
友交皆虚妄，恩爱痴人逐。
噫嘻乎冬青！
可乐惟此生。
不愁冱天冰雪，
其寒尚难遽及
受施而忘恩；
风皱满池碧水，
利刺尚难比
捐旧之友人。
噫嘻乎！且向冬青歌一曲：
友交皆虚妄，恩爱痴人逐。
噫嘻乎冬青！
可乐惟此生。
The Flea John Donne (1572~1631)
Mark but this flea, and mark in this,
How little that which thou deniest me is;
Me is sucked first, and now sucks thee,
And in this flea our two bloods mingled be;
Thou know’st that this cannot be said
A sin, or a shame, or loss of maidenhead,
Yet this enjoys before it woo,
And pampered swells with one blood made of two,
And this ,alas, is more than we would do.
Oh stay, three lives in one flea spare,
Where we almost, nay more than married are.
This flea is you and I, and this
Our marriage bed and marriage temple is;
Though parents grudge, and you, we are met.
And cloistered in these living walls of jet.
Though use make you apt to kill me
Let not to that, self-murder added be,
And sacrilege, three sins in killing three.
Cruel and sudden, hast thou since
Purpled thy nail in blood of innocence?
Wherein could this flea guilty be,
Except in that drop which it sucked from thee?
Yet thou triumph’st and sy’st that thou
Find’st not thy self nor me the weaker now;
’Tis true; then learn how false fears be;
Just so much honor, when you yield’st to me.
Will waste, as this flea’s death took life from thee.
·注释
1.Mark: notice 注意
2.Me it sucked first: It sucked me first sucked: 吮吸
3.mingled: 混合，融合
4.woo: 求爱
5.pampered swells: Pregnancy 指怀孕
6.and this, a las, is more than we would do; we, alas, don’t dare to hope for this consummation of our love, nevertheless the flee accepts it.
7.nay more than married are: we enjoy greater pleasures than those we can after marriage. Nay: 不仅如此，而且
8.grudge: 嫉妒；不愿给
9.jet: 指他们现在滔滔不绝的谈话
https://www.doczj.com/doc/2f7687560.html,e: habit 习俗势力
11.apt: 有…倾向的
12.sacriledge: 亵渎；渎圣
13.three sins in killing three; the lover will commit three sins in killing his or her lover, the flea and their baby which was not yet born.
14.yields to me: 屈从于我，指诗中情人答应了―我‖的要求。
跳蚤约翰·邓恩
看呀，这只跳蚤，叮在这里，
你对我的拒绝多么微不足道；
它先叮我，现在又叮你，
我们的血液在它体内溶和；
你知道这是不能言说的
罪恶、羞耻、贞操的丢失，
它没有向我们请求就得到享受，
饱餐了我们的血滴后大腹便便，
这种享受我们无能企及。
住手，一只跳蚤，三条生命啊，
它的身体不只是见证我们的婚约。
还是你和我，我们的婚床，婚姻的殿堂；
父母怨恨，你不情愿，我们还是相遇，
并躲藏在黝黑的有生命的墙院里。
尽管你会习惯地拍死跳蚤，
千万别，这会杀了我，也增加你的自杀之罪，
杀害三条生命会亵渎神灵。
多么残忍，你毫无犹豫
用无辜的鲜血染红自己的指甲？
它不过吸了你一滴血
罪不至死啊？
你却以胜利者的口吻说
你我并没有因失血而有些虚弱；
的确，担心不过是虚惊一场：
接受我的爱，
你的名誉不会有丝毫损失，n
就象跳蚤之死不会让你的生命有所损失。
“Hope” is the Thing with Feathers by Emily Dickinson ―Hope" is the thing with feathers-- 希望是鸟儿，
That perches in the soul-- 在人们心灵栖居，
And sings the tune without the words-- 唱着无词的歌，
And never stop--at all-- 永无止息。
And sweetest--in the Gale--is heart-- 心灵是甜蜜的避风港，
And sore must be the storm-- 只有猛烈的风暴，
That could abash the little bird-- 才能威胁希望，
That kept so many warm-- 这慰藉心灵的小鸟。
I've heart it in the chilliest land-- 它歌唱在最寒冷的地方，
And on the strangest Sea-- 最陌生的海洋，
Yet, never, in extremity, 纵然身处绝境，
It asked a crumb--of me. 也不索取分毫。
Nobody knows this little Rose 无人关注的小蔷薇by Emily Dickinson Nobody knows this little Rose --
It might a pilgrim be
Did I not take it from the ways
And lift it up to thee.来源：考试大
Only a Bee will miss it --
Only a Butterfly,
Hastening from far journey --
On its breast to lie --
Only a Bird will wonder --
Only a Breeze will sigh --
Ah Little Rose -- how easy
For such as thee to die!
没有人知道这枝小小蔷薇——
若不是我把它摘下献给你
它依旧会在路边
象个朝圣者花开寂寂
仅有一只蜜蜂会思念它——
仅有一只蝴蝶
经过遥远的旅程匆匆飞来——
在它的花蕊中停歇——
仅有鸟儿会惊奇——
仅有微风会叹息——
唉这枝小小蔷薇同你一样
这么容易枯萎至死
When You Are Old William Butler Yeats (1865-1939) WHEN you are old and gray and full of sleep,
And nodding by the fire, take down this book,
And slowly read, and dream of the soft look
Your eyes had once, and of their shadows deep;
How many loved your moments of glad grace,
And loved your beauty with love false or true,
But one man loved the pilgrim soul in you,
And loved the sorrows of your changing face;
And bending down beside the glowing bars,
Murmur, a little sadly, how Love fled
And paced upon the mountains overhead
And hid his face among a crowd of stars.
当你老了（袁可嘉译）
当你老了，头白了，睡思昏沉，
炉火旁打盹，请取下这部诗歌，
慢慢读，回想你过去眼神的柔和，
回想它们昔日浓重的阴影；
多少人爱你青春欢畅的时辰，
爱慕你的美丽，假意或真心，
只有一个人爱你那朝圣者的灵魂，
爱你衰老了的脸上痛苦的皱纹；
垂下头来，在红光闪耀的炉子旁，
凄然地轻轻诉说那爱情的消逝，
在头顶的山上它缓缓踱着步子，
在一群星星中间隐藏着脸庞。
There is another sky （1850） -- Emily Dickinsonl
There is another sky,
Ever serene and fair,
And there is another sunshine,
Though it be darkness there;
Never mind faded forests, Austin, Never mind silent fields—
Here is a little forest,
Whose leaf is ever green;
Here is a brighter garden, Where not a frost has been;
In its unfading flowers
I hear the bright bee hum: Prithee, my brother,
Into my garden come!
总有另一片天空，
永远晴朗安宁，
总有另一束阳光，
虽然也有昏暗；
奥斯丁，怕什么凋败的树林，怕什么无声的大地–
这里有片小树林，
枝叶葱郁四季长青；
这里有更绚烂的花园，
从不曾有冰雪霜寒；
永不凋谢的花丛里
我听到蜜蜂欢快地哼唱：
来吧，我的弟弟，
到我的花园来！
（译：晚枫）
How Do I Love Thee? 我怎样爱你？By Elizabeth Barrett Browning 伊丽莎白·贝鲁特·勃朗宁How do I love thee? Let me count the ways.
I love thee to the depth and breadth and height
My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight
For the ends of Being and ideal Grace.
我怎样爱你？让我细细谈。
爱你深如海，情满天地间。
目力难及处，灵魂飞九天。
存在之尽头，神灵之恩典。
I love thee to the level of everyday's
Most quite need, by sun and candlelight.
I love thee freely, as men strive for Right;
I love thee purely, as they turn from Praise.
无论黑夜与白昼爱你不息，
犹如阳光与烛火点亮人生。
爱得自由像人们争取权利；
爱得纯洁像人们远离奉承。
I love thee with the passion put to use
In my old griefs, and with my childhood's faith.
I love thee with a love I seemed to lose
With my lost saints, I love thee with the breath,
Smiles, tears, of all my life! and, if God choose,
I shall but love thee better after death.
我爱你以昔日悲痛之激情，
我爱你以童年时代之忠诚，
我爱你犹如对先贤之仰慕，
耗尽我一生之欢笑与泪珠！
请为我作证，若上帝愿意，
魂归天国后我必将更爱你。
Dreams Langston Hughs
Hold fast to dreams，
For if dreams die
Life is a broken-winged bird
That can never fly.
Hold fast to dreams
For when dreams go
Life is a barren field
Frozen only with snow
紧紧抓住梦想，
梦想若是消亡
生命就象鸟儿折了翅膀
再也不能飞翔??紧紧抓住梦想，
梦想若是消丧?生命就象贫瘠的荒野，雪覆冰封，万物不再生长
英语诗歌是一个包含丰富社会生活内容和艺术内涵的世界 ,欣赏它 ,有多种方法 ,如对比法 ,背景分析法 ,艺术分析法等等。下面是由带来的关于英美诗歌名篇选读，欢迎阅读! 【篇一】关于英美诗歌名篇选读 A Musical Instrument Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806 - 1861) What was he doing, the great god Pan, Down in the reeds by the river? Spreading ruin and scattering ban, Splashing and paddling with hoofs of a goat, And breaking the golden lilies afloat With the dragon-fly on the river. He tore out a reed, the great god Pan, From the deep cool bed of the river; The limpid water turbidly ran, And the broken lilies a-dying lay, And the dragon-fly had fled away Ere he brought it out of the river. High on the shore sat the great god Pan, While turbidly flowed the river; And hacked and hewed as a great god can With his hard bleak steel at the patient reed, Till there was not a sign of a leaf indeed To prove it fresh from the river. He cut it short did the great god Pan
英国文学 一、古英语时期的英国文学（499-1066） 1、贝奥武夫 2、阿尔弗雷德大帝：英国散文之父 二、中古英语时期的英国文学 1、allegory体非常盛行 2、Romance开始上升到一定的高度 3、高文爵士和绿衣骑士 4、Willian Langlaud 《农夫皮尔斯的幻象》 5、乔叟坎特伯雷故事集（英雄双韵体） 6、托马斯.马洛礼《亚瑟王之死》 三、文艺复兴时期的英国文学（伊丽莎白时代）（14-16世纪） 1、托马斯.莫尔《乌托邦》 2、Thomas Wyatt 和Henry Howard引入sonnet 3、Philips Sidney 《The defense of Poesie》 《阿卡迪亚》描述田园生活；现代长篇小说的先驱 4、斯宾塞《仙后》诗人中的诗人；斯宾塞体诗节； 5、莎士比亚： 长篇叙事诗：《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》、《露克丝受辱记》 四大悲剧：哈姆雷特、李尔王、奥赛罗、麦克白 7、本.琼森风俗喜剧（comedy of manners）《人性互异》 8、约翰.多恩“玄学派”诗歌创始人
9、George Herbert 玄学派诗圣 10、弗朗西斯.培根现代科学和唯物主义哲学创始人之一 《Essays》英国发展史上的里程碑 《学术的推进》和《新工具》 四、启蒙时期（18世纪） 1、约翰、弥尔顿：《失乐园》、《为英国人民争辩》 2、约翰、班扬：《天路历程》religious allegory 3、约翰、德莱顿：英国新古典主义的杰出代表、桂冠诗人； 《论戏剧诗》 4、亚历山大.蒲柏：英国新古典主义诗歌的重要代表；英雄双韵体的使用达到登峰造极的使用；《田园组诗》是其最早田园诗歌代表作 5、托马斯、格雷：感伤主义中墓园诗派的代表人物《墓园挽歌》 6、威廉、布莱克：天真之歌、经验之歌； 7、罗伯特、彭斯：苏格兰最杰出的农民诗人； 8、Richard Steel和Joseph Addison合作创办《The tatler》和《the spectator》 9、Samuel defoe 英国现实主义小说的奠基人之一；《鲁滨逊漂流记》；《铲除非国教徒的捷径》，仪表达自己的不满； 10、Jonathan Swift 《一个小小的建议》；《格列佛游记》；《桶的故事》； 11、Samuel Richardson 英国现代小说的创始人；帕米拉；克拉丽莎；查尔斯.格蓝迪森爵士的历史； 12、Henry Fielding 英国现实主义小说理论的奠基人；《约瑟夫。安德鲁》；《汤姆.琼斯》，英国现实主义小说的最高成就； 13、劳伦斯、斯特恩：感伤主义小说的杰出代表，《项狄传》，第一部开创了意识流小说的先驱之作品；《感伤的旅行》
英文诗歌赏析方法 英诗的欣赏：诗的格律、诗的押韵、诗的体式、诗的评判。 诗以高度凝结的语言表达着人们的喜怒哀乐，用其特有的节奏与方式影响着人们的精神世界。诗讲究联想，运用象征、比喻、拟人等各种修辞手法，形成了独特的语言艺术。 一、诗的格律 “格律是指可以用脚打拍子的节奏”，是每个音步轻重音节排列的格式，也是朗读时轻重音的依据。而音步是由重读音节和非重读音节构成的诗的分析单位。重读音节为扬（重），在音节上用“－”或“?”标示，非重读音节为抑（轻），在音节上用“?”标示，音步之间可用“／”隔开。以下是五种常见格式： 1. 抑扬格（轻重格）Iambus：是最常见的一种格式，每个音步由一个非重读音节加一个重读音节构成。 As fair / art thou / my bon/nie lass， So deep / in luve / am I ： And I / will luve / thee still，/ my dear，Till a` / the seas / gang dry： Robert Burns（1759-1796）：My Luve Is like a Red，Red Rose 注；art=are luve=love bonnie=beautiful a`=all gang=go 上例中为四音步与三音步交叉，可标示为：?－／?－／?－／（?－） 2.扬抑格（重轻格）Trochee：每个音步由一个重读音节加一个非重读音节构成。 下例中为四音步扬抑格（少一个轻音节），可标示为：－?／－?／－?／－ Tyger！/ Tyger！/ burning / bright In the / forests / of the / night William Blake：The Tyger 3. 抑抑扬格（轻轻重格）Anapaestic foot：每个音步由两个非重读音节加一个重读音节构成。如：三音步抑抑扬格??－／??－／??－ Like a child / from the womb， Like a ghost / from the tomb， I arise / and unbuild / it again. 4. 扬抑抑格（重轻轻格）Dactylic foot：每个音步由一个重读音节加两个非重读音节构成。如：两音步扬抑抑格－??／－?? ?Touch her not / ?scornfully， ?Think of her / ?mournfully. - Thomas Hood 5. 抑扬抑格（轻重轻格）Amphibrach：每个音步由一个非重读音节加一个重读音节再加一个非重读音节构成。如：三音步抑扬抑格?－?／?－?／?－?下例中最后一个音步为抑扬格。 O ?hush thee / my ?babie / thy ?sire was / a knight. 在同一首诗中常会出现不同的格律，格律解析对朗读诗歌有一定参考价值。现代诗中常不遵守规范的格律。 二、诗的押韵
Part One：English Poetry 1.William Shakespeare Sonnet 18 ?Why does the poet compare `thee` to a summer?s day? And who could `thee` be? Because summer?s day and thee both represent beauty . thee could be beauty, love. ?What picture have you got of English summer, and could you explain why? Warm, beautiful, sunshine. Because summer is the best season of a year ,the most beautiful season. It is like our May. ?How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line? Thee is more beautiful than summer. ?What makes the poet think that “thou” can be more fair than summer and immortal? Because humanism is more eternal than summer and immortal. ?What figures of speech are used in this poem? Simile, metaphor, personification, oxymoron and so on . ?What is the theme of the poem? Love conquers all, Beauty lives on. 2. Thomas Nashe Spring ?Read the poem carefully, pay attention to those image- bearing words, and see how many images the poet created in the poem and what sense impressions you can get from those images. There is “Blooms each thing, maids dance in a ring, the pretty birds do sing, the palm and may make country houses gay, Lambs frisk' and play, the shepherds pipe all day, And we hear aye birds tune this merry lay, The fields breathe sweet, the daisies kiss our feet, Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit, In every street these tunes bur ears do greet!” The “Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit，”impressions me most because of the harmony of the people?s relationship. ?Can you point out and explain the sound and their musical effect in the poem? In the Poem, each section has four lines, each line has ten syllables ( five tone step ) . In order to give the reader a spring breeze , streams , flowers , winding , Song Xin texture of sound and light flavor, Naixi greater uses English word S , z , f , V , R , L , and θconsonants means. In Naixi's poem, the use of phonological is also very harmonious, very smooth , very mellow. Section I of the poetry has Three pairs [ ing ] , section II of the poem has three pairs [ ei ] and the third quarter has three pairs [ i : ]. 3.John Donne A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning ?What is a “valediction” any way? Is the speaker in the poem about to die? Why does the speaker forbid mourning? No, it is about the lover s?separation. As the poem metaphors, the poet believed he and his wife?s love is sacred, he didn?t hope they cry when separation comes, let their love be stained by the ordinary and mundane.
英国文学 1、T he Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066) 1)Beowulf 最早epic ( national epic 民族史诗) 隐喻（Metaphor）手法 2)Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法） 3)这个时期的文学英雄半人半兽（Half man and half beast） 4)Three tribes: Anglo、Saxons、Jutes 2、G eoffrey Chaucer ( 1343-1400) 1)the father of English peotry英国诗歌之父 2)代表作： ●the Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷 ●The House of Fame ●Troilus and Criseyde（Troilus and Cressida） ●《公爵夫人之书》（The Book of the Dutchess） 3)音步 ●the iamb (iambic)(抑扬格): ●the anapest (anapestic) (抑抑扬格) ●the trochee (trochaic) (扬抑格) ●the dactyl (dactylic) (扬抑抑格) ●Monometer，Dimeter ，Trimeter ，Tetrameter ●Pentameter: most commonly used ●Hexameter，Heptameter，Octameter 3、T he Renaissance (16世纪) 文艺复兴时期 1)(Greek and Roman) 戏剧drama 诗章canto 2)humanism 人文主义：admire human beauty and human achievement ●Humanism is based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things. ●Renaissance humanists found in the classics a justi-fication to exalte human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction pf perfection. ●They placed great emphasis on the dignity of man 3)代表人物： ●Thomas More 托马斯.莫尔Utopia 乌托邦 ●Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯.培根第一个散文家(essayist) ●Thomas Wyatt 托马斯.怀亚特引入十四行诗的第一人 sonnet(十四行诗)：form of poetry intricately rhymed(间隔押韵) in 14 lines iambic pentameter ●Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙.斯宾塞poet’s poet(诗人中的诗人) 作品：The Fairy Queen《仙后》(epic poem 史诗) ●Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗.马洛
英美诗歌鉴赏——T o H e l e n,致海伦
英美诗歌鉴赏——To Helen，致海伦 To Helen Helen, thy beauty is to me Like those Nicean barks1 of yore,2 That gently, o'er a perfumed3 sea, The weary4, wayworn5 wanderer6 bore To his own native shore. On desperate seas long wont to roam7, Thy hyacinth hair, thy classic face, Thy Naiad airs have brought me home To the glory that was Greece And the grandeur 8that was Rome. Lo! in yon brilliant window-niche9 1平底船 2很久以前 3芳香的 4疲倦的 5旅行累了的 6漫游者，旅行者 7漫步，漫游 8壮丽，宏伟
How statue-like10 I see thee stand, The agate11 lamp within thy hand! Ah, Psyche, from the regions which Are Holy Land! The writer Edgar Allen Poe was born in 1809. His father deserted the family, and his mother died when Poe was three. Poe was taken into the home of his uncle. In 1826, he entered the University of Virginia, only to drop out later . He was sent to West Point and dismissed, too. Then he turned to fiction writing to support himself. He worked as an editor throughout his life. His wife’s death in 1847, drove Poe to heavy drinking occasionally. One day in 1849, he was found unconscious on a Baltimore street and then died. Poe established himself as a successful short story writer and literary critic. He succeeded in formulating influential literary theories and in demonstrating mastery of the forms he favored_hinghly musical poems and short prose narratives. His theory of short fiction is best exemplified in Ligeia and The Fall of The House of Usher, which was to become one of his most famous stories. 10向雕像一样
《研究生英语英美文学欣赏》课程简介 课程编号： 课程名称：研究生英语英美文学欣赏 学时与学分：34学时/1学分 时间：2013-2 ---- 2013-7 教学对象：全日制非英语专业研究生 教师：刘晓燕等 课程描叙 一、课程性质和任务 本课程的目的是为培养理解和鉴赏英国和美国文学原著的能力而设置一门选修课程，旨在使学生掌握英国和美国文学源流和发展的基础上，通过阅读代表性的英国和美国文学作品，理解作品的内容，学会分析作品的艺术特色，并努力掌握正确评价文学作品的标准和方法，增强对作品中表现的社会生活和人物感情的理解，提高语言基本功和阅读文学作品的能力和鉴赏水平，提升整体人文素质。本课程的主要内容包括英国和美国文学史上代表作家的简要介绍和作品选读，结合英国和美国文学各个历史断代的主要历史背景，文学文化思潮和流派，社会政治、经济、文化等对英国和美国文学史上最具有影响、最具有代表性的作家的作品中的艺术特色、主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格和思想意义等进行深入地分析。 本课程主要为英美文学欣赏课，课堂讲授与研讨相结合。教师布置学生课前对作家生平、历史背景、和阅读材料进行研究，课堂上进行重点阅读和分析。本课程要求学生大量阅读，结合课堂上所讲授的英美文学的基本知识点和文学理论批评方法，体会经典文学作品的语言精妙之处、人物塑造方法、情节架构、文学修辞手法、写作技巧等等，并进而了解历史时代背景、文化知识、社会政经形势等。此外，本课程还要求学生能积极参与课堂讨论，鼓励新观点和新视角，能运用文学理论批评方法研究作品，学期中将不定期地布置相关作业，学期末将以学术论文的形式考查学习效果。 二、课程的教学内容及学时分配 第1学时英国文艺复兴时期简介 重点：文艺复兴；人文主义；主要作家和艺术特色 第2-3学时莎士比亚（I）（II） 重点：要重点理解莎士比亚思想和创作风格的变化，了解莎士比亚十四行诗的特点，品味莎士比亚作品的特色，能够对莎士比亚部分作品进行现代阐释。 第4学时弗朗西斯·培根和约翰·多恩 重点：理解培根的“论学习”的主要内容和修辞手法的运用；理解玄学派诗歌在16、17世纪的发展，其文艺宗旨与当时的文艺思潮的区别。
“英美诗歌选读”课程教学大纲 教研室主任：王莉执笔人：曹英慧 一、课程基本信息 开课单位：外国语学院 课程名称：英美诗歌选读 课程编号：04188043 英文名称：Selected Readings of British and American Poetry 课程类型：专业方向限选课 总学时：36 理论学时：实验学时： 学分：2 开设专业：英语专业 先修课程：英国文学史及选读（04102613） 二、课程任务目标 （一）课程任务 《英美诗歌赏析》是一门英语专业文学方向限选课程。对于英语专业学生来说，诗歌作为英语语言学习的重要组成部分，是英语知识结构的一个不可或缺的部分。诗歌所包含的语言特征、修辞手段和细腻的感情都是英语语言丰富表现能力的集中体现。另外，诗歌也是增进英语语言能力的重要途径。诗歌的字里行间都充满了意义，弦外之音、话外之语，它对语言的超常使用将使人们对英语的多种表现手法更加敏感，对英语的特殊表达习惯更加熟悉。总之，学习诗歌是英语专业学生提高英语水平、提高人文素养以及丰富自己的语言和思想的重要手段。 本课程按照诗歌主题为脉络，介绍诗歌基本知识，梳理英美诗歌的不同流派及其风格，使学生掌握相关韵律法则，引导学生品味诗歌之美，挖掘诗歌内涵，感受诗人寄托在诗中的思想和情愫，进而能够独立进行诗歌阅读、欣赏甚至诗歌翻译及创作。 （二）课程目标 具体来说，本课程的教学应达到以下目的和要求： 1. 基本诗歌阅读能力：使学生初步了解英、美诗歌的特点、常见修辞手法，英语诗歌的基本要素、相关知识； 2. 初步鉴赏能力：能读懂难度适中的英文诗歌，理解字面意思，并能指出主题、韵律形式等，帮助学生进一步感受诗歌中的象征、意象等，挖掘诗歌内涵，领会诗歌的奥妙。
英国浪漫主义诗人 威廉·布莱克（William Blake，1757---1827），英国第一位重要的浪漫主义诗人、版画家。主要诗作有诗集《天真之歌》、《经验之歌》等。早期作品简洁明快，中后期作品趋向玄妙晦涩，充满神秘色彩。 威廉·华兹华斯（William Wordsworth,1770-1850）与柯尔律治（Samuel Taylor Coleridge）、骚塞（Robert Southey）同被称为“湖畔派”诗人（Lake Poets）。他们也是英国文学中最早出现的浪漫主义作家。他们喜爱大自然，描写宗法制农村生活，厌恶资本主义的城市文明和冷酷的金钱关系，他们远离城市，隐居在昆布兰湖区和格拉斯米尔湖区，由此得名“湖畔派”。华兹华斯的主要作品有《抒情歌谣集》《丁登寺旁》《序曲》《革命与独立》《不朽颂》《远足》。 塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治（1772年10月21日－1834年7月25日），英国诗人、文评家，英国浪漫主义文学的奠基人之一。以〈古舟子咏〉(亦可称作〈古舟子之歌〉)(The Rime of the Ancient Mariner)一诗成为名家，其文评集《文学传记》(Biographia Literaria)以博大精深见称，书中对想像(imagination)与幻想(fancy)的区别尤其著名。一生作诗不缀，但中年时自称弃诗从哲，精研以康德、谢林为首的德国唯心论。 罗伯特·骚塞（1774—1843）是“湖畔派”三诗人中才气较差的一位。年青时代思想激进，饱读伏尔泰、卢梭的著作，在威斯敏斯特学校学习时曾因撰文反对校方体罚学生而被开除学籍。进牛津大学后，他更醉心法国大革命，写史诗《圣女贞德》歌颂革命，后来还与柯尔律治计划在美洲的森林里建立乌托邦社会。但中年后骚塞的政治态度却变得十分保守，还热衷于趋附权贵，成了统治者的御用文人，并因此获得“桂冠诗人”的称号。1821年他以桂冠诗人身份作颂诗《审判的幻景》颂扬去世不久的英王乔治三世，攻击拜伦、雪莱等进步诗人，称他们是“恶魔派”（撒旦派）。拜伦作同名讽刺长诗一首，对乔治三世和骚塞作了尽情的揶揄奚落。 乔治·戈登·拜伦（1788—1824），是英国19世纪初期伟大的浪漫主义诗人。其代表作品有《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》、《唐璜》等。在他的诗歌里塑造了一批“拜伦式英雄”。拜伦不仅是一位伟大的诗人，还是一个为理想战斗一生的勇士；他积极而勇敢地投身革命，参加了希腊民族解放运动，并成为领导人之一。拜伦是多产诗人。拜伦著名的诗还有《当初我们两分别》《给一位淑女》《雅典的女郎》《希腊战歌》《她走在美丽的光彩里》《我见过你哭》《我给你的项链》《写给奥古斯塔》《普罗米修斯》《锡雍的囚徒》《给托马斯·穆尔》
The commentary of The Passionate Shepherd to His Love This term, we took the English Poem course, in which Mr. Luo guided us fling in the poem world to appreciate the beauty of poems. In all of the poems we have learnt, I appreciate The Passionate Shepherd to His Love most. Yet I really don’t know how to appreciate a poem. Indeed, I haven’t got to the level to appreciate poems. So, I just write my own understanding to this beautiful poem. The Passionate Shepherd to His Love, was written by Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593○)who was an English dramatist and poet，translator of the Elizabethan area, born in Canterbury，England, died in Deptford, England. Marlowe was the foremost Elizabethan tragedian until his mysterious early death. Marlowe greatly influenced William Shakespeare, who was born in the same year as Marlowe and who rose to become the eminent Elizabethan playwright after Marlowe’s death. Marlowe’s plays are known for the use of blank verse, and their overreaching protagonists. Marlowe was the first great English Dramatist. He brought to the English stage a new concept of tragedy, one in which the drama centers around the struggles of a man overwhelmed by his passions and ambitions. ○2This short poem is considered to be one of the most beautiful lyrics in English literature. It derives from the pastoral tradition, in which the shepherd enjoys an ideal country life, cherishing a pastoral and pure affection for his love. Strong emotion is conveyed through the beauty of nature where lovers are not disturbed by worldly concern. The first time I read the poem, I just thought it was too directly for the shepherd to express his love to the girl he loved. For me, if I were the girl, I would not accept the shepherd’s love because his love was so intensely that I don’t know how to respond his love. But the second I read it carefully, almost word by word. I was deeply moved by the shepherd’s real and pure love. In the world he created for himself and his love, the girl lived an ease life like a princess. He showed a picture on what he would promise if she accepts to be his love. There was a heavenly like scene in the picture, he imagined them sitting upon the rocks, watching the other busy shepherd who had to work hard, and they relaxed themselves by listening to the birds' singing, and seeing the river falls. The shepherd also ensured her that he is willing to do whatever it takes to please her. He was so infatuated with the girl that I am a little jealous of her. The girl was so lucky to be loved by such a infatuated and romantic man. The structure of the poem is very clear. The poetry started out with a direct initiation. The speaker showed his purpose clearly, which is asking the woman he admired to be his lover. The following stanza showed a picture on what he would promise if she accepts to be his love. Then he drew different scenes when they were together. The shepherd also ensured her that he is willing to do whatever it takes to please her. This could be seen from the line 9~18. He made promises on difficult mission such as making bed of roses, thousand fragrant posies, and leaves of myrtle, coral clasps and amber studs…ext. From line 19, it responded to the idea of the first stanza that is to persuade the woman to be his love and to live with him. The repeating sentences "come live with me and be my love," may work as the function of emphasizing, and expression of eagerness. The style and writing type of the poem is very good. This poem is a typical pastoral, that is, a type of poem that deals in an idealized way with shepherds and rustic life. It sings
《英美诗歌赏析》课程教学大纲 课程代码：071032021 课程英文名称：Appreciation of English and American Poetry 课程总学时：24 讲课：24 实验：0 上机：0 适用专业：英语 大纲编写（修订）时间：2017. 10 一、大纲使用说明 （一）课程的地位及教学目标 《英美诗歌赏析》是为英语专业大二学生开设的专业基础选修课，旨在帮助学生了解英国和美国在不同历史时期所出现的有代表性的诗人与诗歌作品，通过对诗人的生平介绍和经典诗歌的分析，让学生能欣赏原作的思想内容、风格、语言等，了解英美文学史上各时期诗歌流派的特征，从而拓宽学生的知识面，帮助学生更好的理解英语语言的特点，培养学生高尚的审美品位。 （二）知识、能力及技能方面的基本要求 具备基本的阅读，欣赏能力，掌握诗歌用词、韵律的基本知识。对英语中的典故有基本的了解，能够在教师的指导下独立欣赏诗歌的各个基本要素。 （三）实施说明 根据教学计划，本课程是安排在第三学期进行，总学时24。教学以教师讲座为主，结合学生的讨论与问答。并采用多种教学手段，最大限度的调动学生的学习热情与积极性，培养学生独立分析问题思辨能力，并鼓励学生积极参与分析作品。辅助相关作家的影音材料。 （四）对先修课的要求 无 （五）对习题课、实践环节的要求 无 （六）课程考核方式 1.考核方式：考查 2.考核目标：在考核学生对本学期所学知识掌握程度的基础上，重点考核学生对诗歌赏析的能力。 3.成绩构成：平时成绩30%（包括考勤、课堂测验），期末测试成绩70%。 （七）参考书目 《英美诗歌名篇选读》，黄宗英编，高等教育出版社，2007.6 二、中文摘要 本课程主要选用英美各个时期代表诗人的名作，涉及对诗人生平、主要成就、创作风格以及英美诗歌史上的主要流派和运动。通过为学生介绍诗歌史上著名的诗歌名篇，希望学生能了解英美诗史的脉络，讲述格律与语言的运用，希望学生能够提高对英语语言的感受力和欣赏文学作品的鉴赏能力，从而拓展英语文学与文化常识，增强英语学习的文化意识，陶冶情操。 三、课程学时分配表
《墓园挽歌》简析 [摘要] 《墓园挽歌》被认为是英国文学史上最美的诗歌之一,是18世纪英国伤感主义诗歌的典范之作。全诗共128行,表达了作者对下层人民贫苦不公命运的深切同情和淳朴本质的赞扬。本文试图从其作者、创作背景、文学特点及诗词解读几个方面对其进行解析。期望能够更好地理解和欣赏这一经典之作。 [关键词] 墓园挽歌托马斯.格雷新古典主义浪漫主义 《墓园挽歌》是其作者托马斯.格雷历经了八年时间创造的经典之作。该诗创作于1742年,其时托马斯.格雷的好友理查德•韦斯特刚去世不久。因此,整个诗篇弥漫着伤感的愁绪,是伤感主义的代表之作。然而,作为一篇被世人传诵的经典之作,其对逝者的缅怀不仅仅限于某一人身上。诗中诗人流连于黄昏中的乡村墓园,所见的是一座座平民的墓穴。让诗人想要去缅怀的不是显赫的权贵,而是对权贵、虚荣、奢华的蔑视和对那些普普通通的社会底层平民的同情和赞扬,体现了托马斯.格雷的民主情怀。该诗以严谨的构思、精美的格式、老练且富于典故的风格、自选的措辞以及变形的词序广为传唱,堪称英国最著名的抒情诗。被认为是英国十八世纪乃至英国文学史上最好的诗歌之一。 《墓园挽歌》之所以在文学史上有着这样重要的地位,受到文学评论家的青睐,主要是因为“第一,它凝聚了一个时期中的某种社会情绪;其次,它有比较完整的形式表达了这种情绪,在一定程度上解决了如何革新旧传统的问题,具有较高的艺术成就”。 一、托马斯.格雷(Thomas Gray) 《墓园挽歌》的作者托马斯.格雷(1716～1771)是英国18世界重要诗人之一,也是十八世纪末十九世纪初西欧掀起的文学运动——浪漫主义运动的先驱人物。浪漫主义文学主要的特点之一就是描写及歌颂大自然,体现对自然同人与人之间的和谐关系的渴望。作为浪漫主义的先驱者,浪漫主义文学的这一主旨在格雷的《墓园挽歌》中得到了很好的体现。出生于伦敦一个普通经纪人家庭的格雷的一生可谓是中规中矩,曾就读于伊顿公学和剑桥大学,并于1768年开始在剑桥大学教授历史和当代语言。尽管格雷是18世纪享有盛名的诗人之一,但相对其他的诗人,格雷一生的诗词并不多,仅有十余首传世。格雷写作十分谨慎、极为斟酌用词,注重形式和诗句的完美,诗歌外观精美,诗意复杂间接,人工雕琢的迹象十分明显。也正是因为格雷的严谨和自律成就了《墓园挽歌》在结构、措辞、语音、意象、意境等方面都的完美体现和和谐统一,使《墓园挽歌》以严谨的构思,精美的格式,老练且富于典故的风格,自选的措辞和多变的词序成为广为传唱的佳作,堪称是英国18世纪乃至整个英国文学史上最精致,最著名的抒情诗之一。 二、创作背景及文学特点
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer's lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimm'd; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd; But thy eternal summer shall not fade Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest; Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou growest: So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. (莎士比亚的第十八首十四行诗，也是非常有名的一首。全诗诗意浓郁、音韵流畅，非常适合吟诵。这也是我能够背诵的为数不多的英文诗之一。我喜欢伴着轻柔的音乐轻轻念着这些经典的诗节，感受诗中所描述的那些亘古常新的主题：关于夏日之柔美，关于时间之流逝，关于诗篇之不朽，以及爱之永恒。 以上给出的译本一在意思上比较忠实于原作, 而译本二则显得更富有诗意。但跟莎翁的原作比起来都差得远。原作优美考究的韵律和音步实在无法在译作中加以体现。所以说，诗歌是不可翻译的，实在很有道理。) The Passionate Shepherd to His Love Array [ 2006-10-23 17:05:00 | By: chenshaolin ] The Passionate Shepherd to His Love by Christopher Marlowe（1564-1593） 热情的牧人对他的爱人 Come live with me and be my love, And we will all the pleasures prove That valleys, groves, hills, and fields, Woods, or steepy mountain yields. 请与我同栖，为我最爱 让我俩印证一切的欢悦—— 不论生於深谷之中，高峰之上 不论来自山涯水湄，林间效野 And we will sit upon rocks, Seeing the shepherds feed their flocks, By shallow rivers to whose falls Melodious birds sing madrigals.