主谓一致
1．语法形式上的一致。主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。
如：
Jane and Mary look healthy and strong.
The number of mistakes was surprising.
2．意义上一致
1) 主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。单数形式表示复数意义的词有people, police, cattle, militia等。
如：The crowd were running for their lives.
2)主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。形复意单的单词有news, works(工厂)和一些以-ics 结尾的学科名称，如physics, politics, mathematics等。
如：The news was very exciting.
3．就近原则。即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or, either…or, neither...nor, not only…but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。
如：Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this.
4．应注意的几个问题
A) 名词作主语
1) 某些集体名词(如family, team等)作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果就其中一个个成员来说，谓语动词用复数形式。这类名词有：audience, class, club, committee, company, crew, crowd, enemy, government, group, party, public, team, etc.
如：The whole family are watching TV.
His family is going to have a long journey.
名词population一词的使用情况跟上述类似。
如：The population in China is very large, and eighty percent of the population in China are farmers.
“a group(crowd)of+复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数，前者强调整体，后者强调各个部分。
2) 某些集体名词(如people, police, cattle, militia等)只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。
如：The police are searching for him.
3) 单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。
如：A sheep is over there.
Some sheep are over there.
4) 名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。如：My Uncle\'s is not far from here.
The doctor\'s is on the side of the street.
常见的省略名词有：the baker’s, the barber’s, the carpenter’s, the Zhang’s. 表示店铺的名词一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。
如：Richardson’s have a lot of leather goods to sell.
5) 当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往能够根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。
如：Five minutes is enough to do this exercise.
The Selected Poems of Li Bai was published long ago.
Three years has passed.
6)不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多个并列主语，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in the future.
7) 如果主语有more than one...或many a…构成，即使从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。
如：Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.
More than one student has seen the film.
在“more+复数名词+than one’结构之后，谓语词一般用复数形式。
如：More members than one are against your plan.
8) 一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具主语时；谓语通常用复数形式，如scissors, chopsticks, compasses, shoes, trousers, clothes, glasses等。但如果主语由“a kind of, a pair of, a series of等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
如：A pair of shoes was on the desk.
9) this kind of book=a book of this kind(这种书)，其谓语用单数；短语this kind of men=men of this kind=these kinds of men(口语)(这个类人)，但this kind of men的谓语用单数，men of this kind和these kinds of men的谓语用复数。all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语用复数形式。
如：Men of this kind are dangerous.
This kind of men is dangerous.
10) 复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则，作单数意义时，谓语用单数；反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有means(方法)，works(工厂)，species(种类)，Chinese，Japanese等。
如：The (This) glass works was set up in l970. (这家玻璃厂建于1970年。)
The (These) glass works are near the railway station. (这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。)
当它们前面有a, such a, this, that修饰时，谓语用单数；有all, such, these, those修饰时，谓语用复数。但“means", “no means", “the means"等词前没有以上修饰词时，可作单数，也可用作复数。
注：work作“工作”解时是不可数名词，作“著作”解时是可数名词，有单复数之分。
11) 如果名词词组中心词是all, most, half, rest, part等词语，表示的是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之，用单数。
如：All of the water is gone.
All of my classmates work hard.
12) 在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
如：Between the two windows hangs a picture.
B) 由连接词连接的名词作主语
13) 用and或both...and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。
如：Walking and riding are good exercises.
Plastics and rubber never rot.
但是，并列主语如果指的，是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用：单数形式，这时，and后面的名词没有冠词。
如：A knife and fork on the table.
Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.
The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor.
Truth and honesty is the best policy.
14) 当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。如：The room with its furniture was rented.
The teacher as well as the students was excited.
15) 以or, either..., neither...nor, not only…but also等连接的名词(代词)作主语，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。
如：Neither you nor I nor anybody else knows anything about it.
Either you or he is to go.
Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.
C) 代词作主语
16) 名词型物主代词后的动词，既能够用单数，也能够用复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。如：Ours (Our Party) is a great party.
Our shoes are black, mine (=my shoes) are brown.
17) such, the same起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。
如：Such are his words.
Such is our plan.
8)关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
如：Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.
Those who want to go please you’re your names here.
19) 疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单复数。
如：What produce(s) heat?
Which is (are) your book(s)?
Who live next door? It is Zhang and Liu.
Who lives next door? It is Xiao Liu.
20)不定代词any, either, neither, none, all some, more等作主语时，有以下两种情况：
①单读用作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词可用单数或复数形式。
如：All are present.
Let’s begin the meeting.
Now all has been changed.
either, neither单独作主语时，谓语通常用单数。
②后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词当然用单数形式；若of的宾语为复数名词或代词，动词能够是单数，也能够是复数；在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。
如：None of them has(have)seen the film.
Do(es) any of you know his address?
D) 分数、量词作主语
21) 某数词单纯表示数字作主语时，其谓语动词通常用单数形式，但是当基数词表示的不是数值而是数量时，谓语动词可用复数形式。
如：The billion is a large number.
Twelve were boys.
英语中算术式作主语时，若是减法或除法算术式，谓语通常用单数形式；若是加法和乘法，谓语动词有时也可用复数形式。
如：Three times five is/are fifteen.
Two and (plus) two is/are four.
Twelve divided by four is three.
Three taken from eight leaves five.
在提问加、减、乘、除得数时，如用how much，谓语动词多用单数形式；如用how many, 谓语动词多用复数形式。
如：How many are two times five?
How much is eight divided by two?
22)．“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成短语，以及由“some, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a(1arge)quantity of, the rest of, a heap of, heaps of+名词”构成短语时，其名词能够是可数名词或不可数名词。作主语时，采取就近一致的原则，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中of后面的名词是中心词，
而名词前面的量词是修饰语。
如：A quantity of blouses were on sale.
A large quantity of beer was sold.
Plenty of English books are on the shelf.
Lots of damage was caused by fire.
Three-fifths of the workers here are women.
About three-fourths of the earth\'s surface is covered with water.
23) A(great)number of, many, a few修饰可数复数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数；a little, much, a great deal of, a large amount of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
如：A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time.
A great deal of trouble lies before us.
A number of students have gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest.
24) (large)quantities of修饰可数复数名词或不可数名词其短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。
如：Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.
Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.
25)The number+可数复数名词，the amount of+不可数名词，the quantity of+可数复数名词或不可数名词构成的短语，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
如：The amount of money is great.
The quantity of heat in the office has not been increased.
The quantity of books in the library is amazing.
The number of students in our school is increasing.
26)表示数量的one and a half 后，名词要用复数形式。但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：One and a half bananas is left on the table.
27) half of, (a)part of修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数；修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数。
E) 名词化的形容词作主语
28) 如果主语由“the+形容词或过去分词)”结构充当时。谓语通常用复数。这类词有；the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等；但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别，则用单数。
如：The departed(死者) was a well-known engineer.
The blind study in special schools.
这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时，就要与名词man, person或表示人的单数连用。
如：all old man, a rich person, the(a)wounded soldier
F) 从句作主语
29)由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数；所指的具体内容若是复数意义，谓语动词一般用复数形式。
如：What we need are doctors.
What we need is more time.
30）在复数名词引导的从句结构中，关系代词的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是，所以，从句中的动词应该是复数形式。
如：This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.
但是，当之前有等修饰时，关系代词的先行词是，而不是靠近它的复数名词，所以从句的动词应是单数形式。
如；She was the only one of the girls who was late for the meeting.
基本句型的转换与扩大 （1）基本句型都是陈述句、肯定句和主动句，这些句型可以转换为疑问句、否定句和被动句。 the tourists have arrived. Have the tourists arrived? The tourists have not arrived. She gave him some money. Did she give him any money? She didn’t give him any money? He was given some money. Some money was given to him （2）句型扩大的语法手段之一是分句的并列。Eg: He was a handicapped child, but he persevered in his studies, and later he become a well-known scholar. He didn’t like us, and everyone knew it, but no one admitted it. （3）句型扩大的另一种语法手段是增加修饰成分和使用从属分句。也就是说利用从属分句来使思想表达复杂化。 The African people have long been our class friends in fighting against hegemonism霸权主义and power politics. The janitor staggered down the stairway, stunned by the bizarre noises and gasping for air. （4）增加的修饰成分还可以再被其他结构（如从属分句）所修饰。 The janitor staggered down the stairway, stunned by the bizarre noises he had just heard upstairs and gasping for air as he hesitantly held on to the banister栏杆.. 注意；有时，分句的并列和从属还可以同时并用。并列与从属两种手段同时并用的结果，往往会产生更加复杂的句子。Eg; When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously, but, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar. 又例如： Furthermore , he is not only critical of the work of others, of his own, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments 科学仪表and that a number of factors tend to disturb impartial 不偏不倚的，公正的and objective investigation. 主谓一致（一） “一致”指句子成分之间或词语之间在语法形式上的协调一致关系。主谓一致指主语和谓语动词之间在人称和“数”的方面的一致关系。这又叫做“主动一致”（subject-verb concord）. 一、指导原则 主语和谓语动词一致的关系常为三种不同的原则所支配 1、语法一致主谓之间的一致关系主要表现在数的形式上，即用作主语的名词词组中心词 和谓语动词在单复数形式上的一致。
主谓一致 （一）单数名词与谓语动词的一致 1.表示集体的词： Army, class, audience, club, committee, company, crowd, family, group, government, organization, party, personnel, public, staff, team, union, crew. 2.表示成员的词： Cattle, folk, people, police, poultry Machinery, clothing, luggage, furniture, equipment, jewelry Clothes, works, goods, contents, the Olympics games Some of, plenty of, a lot of, lots of, most of, the rest of, all of, half of, part of, the remainder of 1.the public( )the best judge because the public always( )their thoughts.（B） A.are; express B.is;express C.is;expresses D.are;expresses
2.I think class one( ) to win because class one( )all football lovers.(A) A.is likely; are B. are likely; are C. is likely; is D. are likely; is 3.while my family( ) a small one, every one of us( ) different hobbies.(A) A.is; have B.are; has C.is; has D.are; have 4.cattle( )well in the country market at present, according to the evening news.（A） A. sell B. sells C. is being sold D. will be sold 5. people who( )peace( )seeing a steady situation to seeing an unrest state. A.love; prefers B. love; prefer C.loved; prefer D.love;prefers 6. all the furniture in my office( )made in Hong Kong. A. is B. are C.were D.had been 7.every means( ) to prevent the water from( ). A. are used; polluting B. get used; pllution C. is used; polluted D. has been used; being polluted 8. all possible means( )to save the wounded soldier. A. have been tired B. is to be tried C. has been tried D. are trying
创作编号： GB8878185555334563BT9125XW 创作者：凤呜大王* 主谓一致和就近就远原则 就近一致原则 也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”，即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、人数”上一致。 一、在正式文体中： 1.由下列词语连接的并列主语：“there be+句型；or either...or;nor;neither...nor;whether...or;not...but;not only...but also”等。 Eg. (1)What he does or what he says does not concern me. 他的行为或言谈与我无关。 (2)Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都没错。 (3)Not you but your father is to blame. 不是你，而是你的父亲该受责备。
(4)Not only you but (also) he is wrong. 不仅你错了，他也错了。 2.在倒装句中，谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。 Eg.(1)In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people. 在远处，能听见鼓掌和人们的呼喊声。 (2)There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk. 桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。 非正式文体中： 有时依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则；但语法上，“no one”才是主语，谓语要改成“agrees”。“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。总结：英语就近原则短语 1.There be句型There is a book and some pencils on the desk. =There are some pencils and a book on the desk. 2.Neither...nor... Neither you nor he is right.=Neither he nor you are right. 3.either...or... Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday. =Either Jim or they are going to Shanghai next Saturday. 4.not only...but also... Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday. =Not only Ann’s parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.
助动词的形式与作用 概述：英语常用的助动词(auxiliary verb)有shall，will，should，would，be，have，do等。助动词一般无词义，不能单独作谓语动词。助动词在句中的作用，在于帮助（谓语动词）构成各种时态、语态、语气、否定和疑问结构等。如： China has entered a great new era. 中国已进入了一个伟大的新时期。(帮助构成完成时态) Some boys are playing on the grass. 一些男孩正在草地上玩。 (帮助构成进行时态) Mother is written by Gorky. 《母亲》是高尔基写的。 (帮助构成被动语态) We Shall have the football match if it does not rain.如果不下雨，我们就赛足球。(帮助构成将来时态和否定结构) Do you see my point? 你明白我的意思吗?(帮助构成疑问结构) [注]在否定结构中，not须放在助动词后面。 看完这段之后，希望各位记住一个概念，助动词的作用是：帮助谓语动词实现各种功能，这是核心中核心。 为了便于理解与记忆，个人认为可以把助动词分成两类： 1、专职助动词： shall(should), will(would),can(could),may(might),must, ought to等；（因这些动词只能作助动词使用，没有其它用途。）看见这些动词之后，就可以直接期待其后会出现“谓语动词”了。这也可用于我们判断句子结构，简单不出错。 2、兼职助动词：be, have, do, dare, need等。（这些动词既可以用作助动词，也可用作谓语动词，助动词并不是他们唯一的作用。） 先讲第一类，专职助动词（情态动词）的用法。 情态动词的用法很多都是相同的，不必一项项学，我们先把这些相同的作用归纳到一起。 1、shall、will可用于表达一般将来时；这个就不多作说明了； 2、都可忽略主语的人称和数，不必采取相应的变化。 3、一般情况下，后面都需加动词原形。 （2、3）例：I/He/She/They can swim. 4、表示推测，表可能：may, can, must。
第三讲主谓一致（二） 3.1 以并列结构作主语的主谓一致问题 （1）由“and / both…and”连接的并列主语 ①如果意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。理解 ②如果不是指两个或两个以上的人或物，而是表示单数意义，则动词用单数。（请给出更多的例子，如刀叉，黄油和面包之类）。 ③省略结构形似单数，而意义为复数，随后的动词用复数。理解 ④当“and”连接的并列名词词组带有“each , every , many a”等限定词时，随后的动词通常用单数。理解 （2）由“or , nor , either…or , neither…nor , not only…but also”连接的并列结构作主语，随后的动词形式通常按照“就近原则”处理。（小字部分的①不太懂，应该如何分辨什么时候是非正式语体） （3）当主语后面有“as much as , rather than , more than , no less than”等引导的从属结构时，随后的动词形式依主语本身的单复数而定。理解 （4）当主语后面跟有由“as well as , in addition to , with , along with, together with , except”等引导的词组时，其后的动词形式也取决于主体本身的形式。理解 3.2 以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题 （1）以表示确定数量的名词词组作主语 ①如果数量概念被看作整体，动词用单数，反之则复数。理解 ②如果作主语的名词词组是由“分数或百分数+ of-词组”构成，其动词形式依“of-”词组中名词类别而定。理解 ③两数相减或相除，动词用单数；相加或相乘，动词用单复数均可。理解 ④如果主语由“one in / one out of + 复数名词”构成，在正式语体中动词用单数，在非正式语体中，动词也可按“就近原则”用复数。（什么时候是非正式语体） （2）以表示非确定数量的名词词组作主语 ①如果主语是“all of… , some of… , none of… , half of… , most of…”等表示非确定数量的名词词组，其后的动词形式依“of-”词组中的名词类别而定。理解 ②如果主语是由“lots of . heaps of , loads of , scads of , plenty of + 名词”构成，表示“许许多多”等概念时，随后动词的单复数形式也以“of-”词组中名词类别定。理解 ③如果主语是由“a portion of , a series of , a pile of , a panel of + 名词”构成，不管名词类别为何，动词通常用单数。理解 ④如果主语是由“限定词+ kind / type / sort of + 名词”构成，随后的动词形式的三条规则。理解 ⑤如果主语是由“many a + 名词”或“more than one + 名词”构成，其意义虽属多数，但随后的动词仍遵循“语法一致”原则，用单数。理解 ⑥如果主语由“an average of / a majority of + 复数名词”构成，而且明确表示多数个体概念，随后的动词用复数，反之则用单数。（什么叫多数个体概念） 3.3 其他方面的主谓一致问题 （1）以名词性分句作主语的主谓一致问题 ①由“wh-”词引导的名词性分句作主语，其后的动词通常用单数。理解 ②两个由“and”连接的并列名词性分句作主语，如果主语表示两件事情，动词用复数。如何看其表示的是不是两件事情。 ③在以“what-”分句作主语的SVC结构中，如果主句补语是复数名词，主句谓语动词可用复数。如果不是SVC结构，其余结构情况如何。
主谓一致和就近就远原则 就近一致原则 也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”，即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、人数”上一致。 一、在正式文体中： 1.由下列词语连接的并列主语：“therebe+句型； oreither...or;nor;neither...nor;whether...or;not...but;notonly...but also”等。 Eg. (1)What he does or what he says does not concern me.他的行为或言谈与我无关。 (2)Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都没错。 (3)Not you but your father is to blame. 不是你，而是你的父亲该受责备。 (4)Not only you but (also) he is wrong. 不仅你错了，他也错了。 2.在倒装句中，谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。 Eg.(1)In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and theshouts of the people. 在远处，能听见鼓掌和人们的呼喊声。 (2)There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。非正式文体中： 有时依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则；但语法上，“noone”才是主语，谓语要改成“agrees”。“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。
总结：英语就近原则短语 1.Therebe句型 Thereisabookandsomepencilsonthedesk.=Therearesomepencilsandabookonthedesk. 2.Neither...nor... Neither you nor he is right.=Neither he nor you are right. 3.either...or... Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.=Either Jim or they are going to Shanghai next Saturday. 4.not only...but also... Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.=Notonly Ann’s parentsbut alsoshestays athome everySunday. 就远原则 谓语动词与前面主语一致 代表词汇：as well as;(together/along)with;Rather than;except;besides;but;including;in addition to;apart from例子：He rather than I is right. Nobody but two students is in the classroom. 主谓一致 一、当主语后面与with,aswellas,but,except,like,ratherthan,no less than,besides,including等+名词或代词连用时，谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。 1.Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,___visitinga museum when the earthquake struck. A.was B.were C.had been D.would be
主谓一致 ( )1.(2013年黑龙江黑河)Summer holiday is coming, Li Lei with his father________to go to Shanghai. A.want B.will want C.wants ( )2.(2013年黑龙江绥化)Not only my father but also my grandpa ________flying to Singapore this weekend. A.is B.are C.was ( )3.(2013年黑龙江绥化)—Which would you like, tea or coffee? —________is OK, I don't mind. A.Either B.Both C.Any ( )4.(2013年黑龙江绥化)A number of students ________ playing on the playground, and the number of students in our school ________ increasing. A.are; are B.is; are C.are; is ( )5.(2013年湖北黄石)________ that pair of ________ a little cheaper? A.Is; glass B.Are; glass C.Is; glasses D.Are; glasses ( )6.(2013年湖南常德)—What's on the desk? —There ________ some books. A.be B.are C.is ( )7.(2013年江苏南通)Each of the club members ________ready to help those who were in trouble. A.is B.are C.was D.were ( )8.(2013年江苏泰州)—Why are you late, Jim? —Because there ________ a lot of traffic when I came here. A.is B.are C.was D.were ( )9.(2012年上海)There ________ still some milk in the fridge.It's not necessary to go to the store today. A.am B.is C.are D.be ( )10.(2012年山东)—What can you see in the picture? —I can see a farm.And there ________ a lot of animals on it. A.is B.are C.will be D.be ( )11.(2012年黑龙江齐齐哈尔)This is my twin sister, Lucy.Not only she but also I ________ good at drawing. A.is B.am C.are ( )12.(2012年四川广安)—How much is the pair of shoes? —Twenty dollars ________ enough. A.is B.are C.am
主谓一致 Fill in the blanks 一、谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语一致 1．The results of the experiment______(show/shows) that you have all made good progress. 2．Between the two buildings______(stand/stands) a monument. 二、动名词，不定式或者从句做主语时，谓语动词一般要用单数 1．Growing vegetables ______(need/needs) constant watering. 2．That we have made brilliant achievements (is/are) an iron fact. 三、由and 并列的两个名词做主语时，如果表示的是一个同一概念或者单数概念，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数 1．The iron and steel industry_______(is/are) very important. 2．The teacher and poet often _______(give/gives) lectures around the city. 3. The teacher and the poet ______(is/are) good friends in the city. 如果主语是单数，即使后面跟着由with, together with, as well as, like, but, except等引起的短语，谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致(就前一致) 1．An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, （is/are) to be built here. 2．A scientist, together with some assistants, ______(was/were) sent to the flooded area to help in the work. 3．The teacher as well as the students________(is/are) going to visit the exhibition. 五、each 和由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词都看作单数 1．Each of us _______(has/have)something to say about the subject. （注意如果是we each 就不一样了） 2．Just a minute, someone______(is/are) talking with manager. 六、what, which, who, some, more, most, all等代词是单数或是复数要依据意思来定 1．Which_____(is/are) your rooms? 2．What we need______(is/are) more practice. 3．What he left me_______(is/are)but a few old books. 4．All but you_____(was/were) here just now. 七、none指不可数名词时为单数，指可数名词时为单复皆可，主要取决于说话人头脑中联想到的是单数还是复数 1．None of the books _______(is/are) easy for us. 2．None of the information______(is/are) useful.
主谓一致知识点总结（word） 一、主谓一致 1．—Mum,____ofthe apples____gone bad. —We'd better eat up the rest as soon as possible. A．one third; have B．one thirds; have C．one third; has D．first three; has 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：句意：-妈妈，三分之一的苹果已经坏了。-我们最好尽快吃了。在英语中的分数，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于一时，分母要用复数形式。所以选A。 考点：考查分数及主谓一致。 2．Not only his friends but also he ________ always interested in science fiction. A．show B．shows C．are D．is 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 句意：不仅他的朋友，而且他总是对科幻小说感兴趣。考查主谓一致。not only…but also连接两个主语的时候，谓语动词的数由离其最近的主语来决定，即就近原则，所以此处要根据he来确定谓语动词的形式；因为后面是interested in，所以用be interested in“对…感兴趣”，所以谓语动词用is；故答案选D。 3． students in our class going to the summer camp in Beijing next week. A．Two fifths; is B．Second fifths; are C．Second fifths; is D．Two fifths; are 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 句意：我们班五分之二的学生打算下周去北京参加夏令营。 表达分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，因此五分之二的表达应该是two fifths，排除B,C；分数后面的名词为复数名词students，根据主谓一致的原则，只能用are，故答案选D。 【点睛】
二、主谓一致( Subject-Verb Concord ) 主谓一致的问题看上去似乎很简单，其实使用起来却不是那么容易，有时候甚至很复杂。这是因为在不同情况下，处理这一问题所依据的原则各不相同。就其在现代语法中的基本原则而言，通常有三个不同角度的着眼点：1、语法一致2、意义一致3、就近原则。 主谓一致的原则是指，主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致：主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语亦采取复数形式。例如： A grammar book helps you learn something about the rules of a language.（主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式）语法书帮助你学习语言的某些规则。 Grammar books help you learn something about the rules of a language.（主语是复数形式，谓语也采取复数形式）语法书帮助你学习语言的某些规则。 主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致的问题远不只上述的那么简单，有许多方面的情况需要去具体地对待： #不定式、动名词、以及从句作主语时应看作单数，谓语动和不可数名词并不是一尘不变的。英文中的很多词都是一词多义，名词词用单数。例如： Reading often means learning .读书常意味是学习。 To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good.每天早晨朗读英语有许多好处。 What he said has been recorded .他说的话已被录音了。 ## 不定代词one, every, each, everybody, everyone, one of, no one, nothing, nobody, someone, somebody, either, neither, many a 等作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如： Neither of my sisters likes sports .我的妹妹中没人喜欢运动。 Many a student takes a walk on campus after dinner.许多学生晚饭后常在校园里散步。Every boy and girl shows great interest in extra-curriculum activities .每个男孩和女孩对课外活动都表现出很大的兴趣。 ### 表示国家、机构、事件、作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如： One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of mysterious bits of folklore .《一千零一夜》给人们讲了许多神秘的民间传说。 The United States is leading the world in science and technology .美国常在世界科技方面领先。 The United Nations play an important role in the international affairs .联合国在国际事务中起着重要作用。 #### a portion, a series of, a kind of, the number of等与名词构成名词短语作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如： A series of high technology products has been laid out in the exhibition. 一系列高科技产品已在展览上展出。 The number of printing mistakes in some recent books often surprises people even to death.近来一些书籍里印刷错误的数量让人吃惊得要命。 A substantial portion of the reports is missing .这些报告都没有提及实质问题。 A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant.这座花园里有一种玫瑰香气怡人。##### 由some, several, both, few, many, a number of 等词修饰主语、或是由它们自身作主语时应看作复数，谓语动词用复数。另外，由and连接两个主语时，谓语一般用复数。例如：
主谓一致 1．语法形式上的一致。主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。 如： Jane and Mary look healthy and strong. The number of mistakes was surprising. 2．意义上一致 1) 主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。单数形式表示复数意义的词有people, police, cattle, militia等。 如：The crowd were running for their lives. 2)主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。形复意单的单词有news, works(工厂)和一些以-ics 结尾的学科名称，如physics, politics, mathematics等。 如：The news was very exciting. 3．就近原则。即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or, either…or, neither...nor, not only…but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。 如：Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this. 4．应注意的几个问题 A) 名词作主语 1) 某些集体名词(如family, team等)作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果就其中一个个成员来说，谓语动词用复数形式。这类名词有：audience, class, club, committee, company, crew, crowd, enemy, government, group, party, public, team, etc. 如：The whole family are watching TV. His family is going to have a long journey. 名词population一词的使用情况跟上述类似。 如：The population in China is very large, and eighty percent of the population in China are farmers. “a group(crowd)of+复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数，前者强调整体，后者强调各个部分。 2) 某些集体名词(如people, police, cattle, militia等)只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。 如：The police are searching for him. 3) 单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。 如：A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there. 4) 名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。如：My Uncle\'s is not far from here. The doctor\'s is on the side of the street. 常见的省略名词有：the baker’s, the barber’s, the carpenter’s, the Zhang’s. 表示店铺的名词一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。 如：Richardson’s have a lot of leather goods to sell. 5) 当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往能够根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。 如：Five minutes is enough to do this exercise. The Selected Poems of Li Bai was published long ago. Three years has passed. 6)不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多个并列主语，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in the future.
英语主谓一致 一般说来，谓语必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致，即主谓一致。主谓一致涉及三个方面：语法上一致，意义上一致，就近一致。 一、语法上一致 1 不可数名词、动名词、不定式、从句等做主语时，谓语通常用单数。 Much milk is offered to him. Reading aloud is very important in learning English. To nod one’s head means agreement.What they said is true. 2 and连接主语时，注意以下几点： 1）由and, both…and 连接两个单数名词谓语用复数，但当and连接的两个名词指同一个人，同一物，同一事，同一概念时谓语用单数。 Both bread and butter were served for breakfast in this hotel. The teacher and writer is going to give us a talk. 2) 凡是由each…and each…,every…and every… ,no…and no…, many a… and many a…连接名词作主语时谓语用单数。 Each man and each woman has a chance to be raised in our company. No boy and no girl doesn’t go to school at the age of seven in this village. 3) 由and 连接的前置并列修饰语+不可数名词做主语时，谓语用复数。 Good and bad meat in the market are sold out. 4) 不可数名词+并列修饰语作主语时，谓语用单数。 Beer from the USA and Germany is much better that from Britain. 5) 凡由and连接两个带the(a或物主代词)的单数可数名词，谓语用复数，如果只有前一个名词带the(a 或物主代词)则谓语用单数。 The professor and the writer have published a few new books on radio. The tenth and last chapter is written by a young man. 6)由and 连接的第二个名词短语表示否定或带有状语时，谓语的单复数与第一个名词一致。 The teacher, and perhaps his students too, is likely to be present. 7)What 从句的并列式作主语时，并列完整式常用复数，缩略式常用单数。 What he says and what he thinks have nothing to do with me. What I say and do is my own affair. 8) 由and 连接的两个疑问代词、不定式、动名词作主语时，根据意义一致的原则确定单复数。 When and where to build the new factory ________yet.(MET1991) A is not decided B are not decided C has not decided D have not decided 3 主语+介词（短语）：with, except, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, over, besides, together with, like, including, in addition to等连接的名词时，谓语以介词（短语）前的主语为准，不受介词后的名词影响。 The man with hs daughters and sons is watching TV. The girls as well as the teacher are dancing. 考例：1）E-mail, as well as telephones,______ an important role in our daily life(1999上海) A playing B play C plays D have played 2) A library with five thousand books_______ to the nation as a gift.(MET 1990) A is offered B has offered C are offered D have offered 4 不定代词either, each, one, another, anyone, anybody , no one, nobody, some one, somebody, anything, nothing, something, everything, everyone, everybody, neither等作主语时，谓语用单数，none做主语时，谓语单复数均可。There is nothing wrong with the machine. Either of the shirts fits me very well. None of the farmers has (have)been abroad. 5 many a (an) +名词和more than one +名词做主语时谓语用单数。 Many an apple is in the basket. More than one stamp has been collected by her.