第三讲主谓一致（二）
3.1 以并列结构作主语的主谓一致问题
（1）由“and / both…and”连接的并列主语
①如果意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。理解
②如果不是指两个或两个以上的人或物，而是表示单数意义，则动词用单数。（请给出更多的例子，如刀叉，黄油和面包之类）。
③省略结构形似单数，而意义为复数，随后的动词用复数。理解
④当“and”连接的并列名词词组带有“each , every , many a”等限定词时，随后的动词通常用单数。理解
（2）由“or , nor , either…or , neither…nor , not only…but also”连接的并列结构作主语，随后的动词形式通常按照“就近原则”处理。（小字部分的①不太懂，应该如何分辨什么时候是非正式语体）
（3）当主语后面有“as much as , rather than , more than , no less than”等引导的从属结构时，随后的动词形式依主语本身的单复数而定。理解
（4）当主语后面跟有由“as well as , in addition to , with , along with, together with , except”等引导的词组时，其后的动词形式也取决于主体本身的形式。理解
3.2 以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题
（1）以表示确定数量的名词词组作主语
①如果数量概念被看作整体，动词用单数，反之则复数。理解
②如果作主语的名词词组是由“分数或百分数+ of-词组”构成，其动词形式依“of-”词组中名词类别而定。理解
③两数相减或相除，动词用单数；相加或相乘，动词用单复数均可。理解
④如果主语由“one in / one out of + 复数名词”构成，在正式语体中动词用单数，在非正式语体中，动词也可按“就近原则”用复数。（什么时候是非正式语体）
（2）以表示非确定数量的名词词组作主语
①如果主语是“all of… , some of… , none of… , half of… , most of…”等表示非确定数量的名词词组，其后的动词形式依“of-”词组中的名词类别而定。理解
②如果主语是由“lots of . heaps of , loads of , scads of , plenty of + 名词”构成，表示“许许多多”等概念时，随后动词的单复数形式也以“of-”词组中名词类别定。理解
③如果主语是由“a portion of , a series of , a pile of , a panel of + 名词”构成，不管名词类别为何，动词通常用单数。理解
④如果主语是由“限定词+ kind / type / sort of + 名词”构成，随后的动词形式的三条规则。理解
⑤如果主语是由“many a + 名词”或“more than one + 名词”构成，其意义虽属多数，但随后的动词仍遵循“语法一致”原则，用单数。理解
⑥如果主语由“an average of / a majority of + 复数名词”构成，而且明确表示多数个体概念，随后的动词用复数，反之则用单数。（什么叫多数个体概念）
3.3 其他方面的主谓一致问题
（1）以名词性分句作主语的主谓一致问题
①由“wh-”词引导的名词性分句作主语，其后的动词通常用单数。理解
②两个由“and”连接的并列名词性分句作主语，如果主语表示两件事情，动词用复数。如何看其表示的是不是两件事情。
③在以“what-”分句作主语的SVC结构中，如果主句补语是复数名词，主句谓语动词可用复数。如果不是SVC结构，其余结构情况如何。
④如果“what-”分句本身明显表示复数意义，比如“what-”分句的动词和补语都是复数，那么主句动词也可用复数。理解
（2）以非限定分句作主语的主谓一致问题
以非限定分句作主语，随后的动词通常用单数；以两个由“and”连接的并列分限定分句作主语，如果指的是两件事，动词用复数，如果指的是一件事，动词用单数。理解
（3）关系分句中的主谓一致问题
①在“one of + 复数名词+ 关系分句”结构中，关系分句动词通常依照语法一致原则用复数形式。理解
②强调“one”的情况是怎么看出来的
③在这类结构之前有定冠词“the”或“the only”等限定词和强调句时，关系分句动词形式依“one”而定，用单数。理解
（4）分裂句中的主谓一问题
问题：①分裂句是不是中学学过的“强调句”？
②什么是分裂句中心成分？
③在“it is I + who-分句”中，who-分句动词现在时在人称和数的形式上应与“I”
保持一致，那“过去时”呢
（5）存在句中的主谓一致问题
在存在句中，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于随后的“实义主语”。当用作实义主语的名词词组是个并列结构时，只要第一个并列成分不是复数，谓语动词可用单数。理解
第三小组
刘芮廷张楚楚王辉
基本句型的转换与扩大 （1）基本句型都是陈述句、肯定句和主动句，这些句型可以转换为疑问句、否定句和被动句。 the tourists have arrived. Have the tourists arrived? The tourists have not arrived. She gave him some money. Did she give him any money? She didn’t give him any money? He was given some money. Some money was given to him （2）句型扩大的语法手段之一是分句的并列。Eg: He was a handicapped child, but he persevered in his studies, and later he become a well-known scholar. He didn’t like us, and everyone knew it, but no one admitted it. （3）句型扩大的另一种语法手段是增加修饰成分和使用从属分句。也就是说利用从属分句来使思想表达复杂化。 The African people have long been our class friends in fighting against hegemonism霸权主义and power politics. The janitor staggered down the stairway, stunned by the bizarre noises and gasping for air. （4）增加的修饰成分还可以再被其他结构（如从属分句）所修饰。 The janitor staggered down the stairway, stunned by the bizarre noises he had just heard upstairs and gasping for air as he hesitantly held on to the banister栏杆.. 注意；有时，分句的并列和从属还可以同时并用。并列与从属两种手段同时并用的结果，往往会产生更加复杂的句子。Eg; When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously, but, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar. 又例如： Furthermore , he is not only critical of the work of others, of his own, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments 科学仪表and that a number of factors tend to disturb impartial 不偏不倚的，公正的and objective investigation. 主谓一致（一） “一致”指句子成分之间或词语之间在语法形式上的协调一致关系。主谓一致指主语和谓语动词之间在人称和“数”的方面的一致关系。这又叫做“主动一致”（subject-verb concord）. 一、指导原则 主语和谓语动词一致的关系常为三种不同的原则所支配 1、语法一致主谓之间的一致关系主要表现在数的形式上，即用作主语的名词词组中心词 和谓语动词在单复数形式上的一致。
主谓一致 （一）单数名词与谓语动词的一致 1.表示集体的词： Army, class, audience, club, committee, company, crowd, family, group, government, organization, party, personnel, public, staff, team, union, crew. 2.表示成员的词： Cattle, folk, people, police, poultry Machinery, clothing, luggage, furniture, equipment, jewelry Clothes, works, goods, contents, the Olympics games Some of, plenty of, a lot of, lots of, most of, the rest of, all of, half of, part of, the remainder of 1.the public( )the best judge because the public always( )their thoughts.（B） A.are; express B.is;express C.is;expresses D.are;expresses
2.I think class one( ) to win because class one( )all football lovers.(A) A.is likely; are B. are likely; are C. is likely; is D. are likely; is 3.while my family( ) a small one, every one of us( ) different hobbies.(A) A.is; have B.are; has C.is; has D.are; have 4.cattle( )well in the country market at present, according to the evening news.（A） A. sell B. sells C. is being sold D. will be sold 5. people who( )peace( )seeing a steady situation to seeing an unrest state. A.love; prefers B. love; prefer C.loved; prefer D.love;prefers 6. all the furniture in my office( )made in Hong Kong. A. is B. are C.were D.had been 7.every means( ) to prevent the water from( ). A. are used; polluting B. get used; pllution C. is used; polluted D. has been used; being polluted 8. all possible means( )to save the wounded soldier. A. have been tired B. is to be tried C. has been tried D. are trying
专题十二主谓一致与倒装句测试过关 姓名：_________ 做题时间：45分钟得分：__________ I.单项选择。 ( ) 1..Everyone ______ I come from Sichuan. Actually, I come from Shandong. A. find B. think C. finds D. thinks ( ) 2. -David has been away for more than 25 days. -I miss him very much. You know, 25 days ____short. A. is B. isn't C. are D. aren't ( ) 3. Climbing hills ______of great help to our health. A. was B. were C. is D. are ( ) 4.Yao Ming works hard on his English and ________ A．so Liu Xiang does B．so is Liu Xiang C．so does Liu Xiang D．so Liu Xiang is ( ) 5. The reading room _____ very quiet. I enjoy reading books there. A. am B. is C. are D. be ( ) 6. There ___ some milk in the glass. A. is B. are C. be D. has ( ) 7.How time flies! Three years _____ really a short time. A. is B. are C. was D. were ( ) 8. In our school library, there ___ a number of books on science and the number of them _____ growing larger and larger. A. is; are B. are; is C. have; is D. is; have ( ) 9. Nobody but Li Hua ______ the secret. A. knows B. know C. have known D. is known ( ) 10. Three- fourths of the surface of the earth ______ sea. A. is B. are C. were D. has been ( ) 11 All but one ______ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were ( ) 12. When and where to build the school ____ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. hasn’t been decided D. have not decided ( ) 13. A fork and knife ______ on the table. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been ( ) 14 Where ________a will, there is a way. A. there has B. is C. there is D. there are ( ) 15. Each boy and each girl _______ an English dictionary yesterday. A. are given B. was given C. being given D. were given ( ) 16. The old ______ taken good care of in China. A. is B. has C. are D. have ( ) 17. Half of the students ____got the same suggestion. A. has B. have C. is D. are ( ) 18. She is the only one of all the students who _______ a chance to go abroad. A. have B. has C. is D. are ( ) 19. Something ______ wrong with my TV set.
助动词的形式与作用 概述：英语常用的助动词(auxiliary verb)有shall，will，should，would，be，have，do等。助动词一般无词义，不能单独作谓语动词。助动词在句中的作用，在于帮助（谓语动词）构成各种时态、语态、语气、否定和疑问结构等。如： China has entered a great new era. 中国已进入了一个伟大的新时期。(帮助构成完成时态) Some boys are playing on the grass. 一些男孩正在草地上玩。 (帮助构成进行时态) Mother is written by Gorky. 《母亲》是高尔基写的。 (帮助构成被动语态) We Shall have the football match if it does not rain.如果不下雨，我们就赛足球。(帮助构成将来时态和否定结构) Do you see my point? 你明白我的意思吗?(帮助构成疑问结构) [注]在否定结构中，not须放在助动词后面。 看完这段之后，希望各位记住一个概念，助动词的作用是：帮助谓语动词实现各种功能，这是核心中核心。 为了便于理解与记忆，个人认为可以把助动词分成两类： 1、专职助动词： shall(should), will(would),can(could),may(might),must, ought to等；（因这些动词只能作助动词使用，没有其它用途。）看见这些动词之后，就可以直接期待其后会出现“谓语动词”了。这也可用于我们判断句子结构，简单不出错。 2、兼职助动词：be, have, do, dare, need等。（这些动词既可以用作助动词，也可用作谓语动词，助动词并不是他们唯一的作用。） 先讲第一类，专职助动词（情态动词）的用法。 情态动词的用法很多都是相同的，不必一项项学，我们先把这些相同的作用归纳到一起。 1、shall、will可用于表达一般将来时；这个就不多作说明了； 2、都可忽略主语的人称和数，不必采取相应的变化。 3、一般情况下，后面都需加动词原形。 （2、3）例：I/He/She/They can swim. 4、表示推测，表可能：may, can, must。
第三讲主谓一致（二） 3.1 以并列结构作主语的主谓一致问题 （1）由“and / both…and”连接的并列主语 ①如果意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。理解 ②如果不是指两个或两个以上的人或物，而是表示单数意义，则动词用单数。（请给出更多的例子，如刀叉，黄油和面包之类）。 ③省略结构形似单数，而意义为复数，随后的动词用复数。理解 ④当“and”连接的并列名词词组带有“each , every , many a”等限定词时，随后的动词通常用单数。理解 （2）由“or , nor , either…or , neither…nor , not only…but also”连接的并列结构作主语，随后的动词形式通常按照“就近原则”处理。（小字部分的①不太懂，应该如何分辨什么时候是非正式语体） （3）当主语后面有“as much as , rather than , more than , no less than”等引导的从属结构时，随后的动词形式依主语本身的单复数而定。理解 （4）当主语后面跟有由“as well as , in addition to , with , along with, together with , except”等引导的词组时，其后的动词形式也取决于主体本身的形式。理解 3.2 以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题 （1）以表示确定数量的名词词组作主语 ①如果数量概念被看作整体，动词用单数，反之则复数。理解 ②如果作主语的名词词组是由“分数或百分数+ of-词组”构成，其动词形式依“of-”词组中名词类别而定。理解 ③两数相减或相除，动词用单数；相加或相乘，动词用单复数均可。理解 ④如果主语由“one in / one out of + 复数名词”构成，在正式语体中动词用单数，在非正式语体中，动词也可按“就近原则”用复数。（什么时候是非正式语体） （2）以表示非确定数量的名词词组作主语 ①如果主语是“all of… , some of… , none of… , half of… , most of…”等表示非确定数量的名词词组，其后的动词形式依“of-”词组中的名词类别而定。理解 ②如果主语是由“lots of . heaps of , loads of , scads of , plenty of + 名词”构成，表示“许许多多”等概念时，随后动词的单复数形式也以“of-”词组中名词类别定。理解 ③如果主语是由“a portion of , a series of , a pile of , a panel of + 名词”构成，不管名词类别为何，动词通常用单数。理解 ④如果主语是由“限定词+ kind / type / sort of + 名词”构成，随后的动词形式的三条规则。理解 ⑤如果主语是由“many a + 名词”或“more than one + 名词”构成，其意义虽属多数，但随后的动词仍遵循“语法一致”原则，用单数。理解 ⑥如果主语由“an average of / a majority of + 复数名词”构成，而且明确表示多数个体概念，随后的动词用复数，反之则用单数。（什么叫多数个体概念） 3.3 其他方面的主谓一致问题 （1）以名词性分句作主语的主谓一致问题 ①由“wh-”词引导的名词性分句作主语，其后的动词通常用单数。理解 ②两个由“and”连接的并列名词性分句作主语，如果主语表示两件事情，动词用复数。如何看其表示的是不是两件事情。 ③在以“what-”分句作主语的SVC结构中，如果主句补语是复数名词，主句谓语动词可用复数。如果不是SVC结构，其余结构情况如何。
温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。 第12专题There be句型和主谓一致 单项选择(共30小题；每小题1分，共30分) ( )1. (19铜仁中考) Mr. Wang together with his wife and children ________ in the countryside. A. enjoys living B. enjoy living C. enjoys to live D. enjoy to live ( )2. (19凉山中考)— What's in the picture on the wall? — There ________ a teacher and some students playing soccer on the playground. A. has B. are C. is D. have ( )3. (19福建中考改编) There ________ a large bowl of jiaozi on the table. A. is B. are C. be D. am ( )4. (19兰州中考)Peter with his classmates ________ for the bus when the earthquake happened. A. is waiting B. was waiting C. are waiting D. were waiting
( )5. (19郴州中考改编)— Lucy, there ________ too many things on the desk. What a mess! — Sorry, Mum. I'll put them away. A. have B. is C. are D. be ( )6. (19湘西中考改编)—There ________ a book sale in our school. Would you like to have a look with me? — Sure. I'd love to. A. is B. have C. are D. be ( )7. (18吉林中考改编) Let's save pandas! There ________ only about 2，000 pandas living in the forests now. A. am B. is C. are D. be ( )8. (17泰州中考)Neither Jim nor Tom ________ Australia before, but they know the country very well. A. has gone to B. has been to C. have gone to D. have been to ( )9. (17攀枝花中考)One great thing about Singapore, unlike most other Asian countries, ________ that the temperature is almost the same all year round. A. are B. is
专题十二 简单句和主谓一致 专题十二 简单句和主谓一致 专题十二 简单句和主谓一致 基本句型、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句与倒装句 考点 河南省近五年中考统计 题型 年份 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 高频考点 祈使句 单项选择 / / 34题 / 30题 ★★☆ 词语运用 / 66题 / / / 疑问句 补全对话 2问 2问 3问 2问 3问 完形填空 / / / 42题 / ★★☆ 下： 祈使句：主要在单项选择(5年2考)中考查； 疑问句：主要在补全对话(必考)中涉及，偶尔也会在完形填空中考查。 感叹句：最近几年很少考查。 预测2019年河南中考补全对话中还会出现2-3问疑问问，祈使句是轮考题，有可能考，有可能不考。 句子基本句型：主语＋不及物动词 主语＋及物动词＋宾语 知识梳理 学习内容 教学目标
主语＋系动词＋表语(主语补足语) 主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语 种类按使用目的分类陈述句 疑问句一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 选择疑问句 反意疑问句 祈使句 感叹句 按句子类别分：简单句、并列句、复合句 简单句 简单句是由单一独立句构成，只包含一个主谓结构，句子的各个成分都有单词或短语表示。 河南中考对五大基本句型结构的考查主要体现在补全对话和书面表达题型中。所以学生对这五大基本句型要熟练掌握并运用。
主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语She showed her friends all her pictures.她向她的朋友们展 示她所有的照片。 主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语We keep our classroom clean and tidy.我们保持教室干净 整洁。 考点陈述句(☆☆☆) 用以陈述事实或观点的句子叫陈述句。其分为肯定句和否定句。 基本结构否定形式 主语＋系动词＋表语主语＋系动词＋not＋表语 主语＋谓语动词＋其他主语＋助动词＋not＋谓语动词＋其他 She isn't our teacher. 她不是我们的老师。 (2)We meet again. 我们又见面了。 I don't like milk. 我不喜欢牛奶。 考点疑问句(★★☆) 用以提出问题的句子叫疑问句，其包括：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句等。 (1) 一般疑问句(用yes, no回答)：助动词/情态动词/be 动词＋主语＋谓语＋其他？ —Must I do it now? 我现在必须做吗？ —Yes, you must. 是的，你必须。 (2) 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词(组)＋一般疑问句？ How far is it from your home to the bus station？从你家到公交车站有多远？ 注意：常用的特殊疑问词(组)有：what, who, which, whose, why, where, when, how, how many, how much, how often, how long, how far等。 who询问身份 which询问特定的人或物 what询问职业或身份
主谓一致 Fill in the blanks 一、谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语一致 1．The results of the experiment______(show/shows) that you have all made good progress. 2．Between the two buildings______(stand/stands) a monument. 二、动名词，不定式或者从句做主语时，谓语动词一般要用单数 1．Growing vegetables ______(need/needs) constant watering. 2．That we have made brilliant achievements (is/are) an iron fact. 三、由and 并列的两个名词做主语时，如果表示的是一个同一概念或者单数概念，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数 1．The iron and steel industry_______(is/are) very important. 2．The teacher and poet often _______(give/gives) lectures around the city. 3. The teacher and the poet ______(is/are) good friends in the city. 如果主语是单数，即使后面跟着由with, together with, as well as, like, but, except等引起的短语，谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致(就前一致) 1．An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, （is/are) to be built here. 2．A scientist, together with some assistants, ______(was/were) sent to the flooded area to help in the work. 3．The teacher as well as the students________(is/are) going to visit the exhibition. 五、each 和由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词都看作单数 1．Each of us _______(has/have)something to say about the subject. （注意如果是we each 就不一样了） 2．Just a minute, someone______(is/are) talking with manager. 六、what, which, who, some, more, most, all等代词是单数或是复数要依据意思来定 1．Which_____(is/are) your rooms? 2．What we need______(is/are) more practice. 3．What he left me_______(is/are)but a few old books. 4．All but you_____(was/were) here just now. 七、none指不可数名词时为单数，指可数名词时为单复皆可，主要取决于说话人头脑中联想到的是单数还是复数 1．None of the books _______(is/are) easy for us. 2．None of the information______(is/are) useful.
专题12 主谓一致 本章节内容 1. 语法一致原则 2.意义一致原则 3.就近原则 一、语法一致原则 主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上取得一致,即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词也采用复数形式。 1.当and连接两个或多个名词或both...and...连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 Tom and Mike are good friends.Tom和Mike是好朋友。 Both Lucy and Lily are students.Lucy和Lily都是学生。 2.either,neither,each one,the other,another,anybody,anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone, everybody,everything,nobody,no one,nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Is there anything wrong with your bike?你的自行车有什么毛病吗? Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.大家都为运动会做好了准备。 3.each,each...and each...,every...and every...作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Each boy and each girl was given a new book.每个男孩和女孩都收到了一本新书。 4.在下列结构中,谓语动词的形式和前面的A部分保持一致。 A++B+谓语动词+... 1.The boy together with his parents goes to the museum once a week.那个男孩同他的父母一起每周去一次博物馆。 2.The captain,as well as the other players,was tired.队长还有其他运动员都感到累了。 3.The wallet,with the ID card and money,was lost.钱包,连同身份证和钱,都丢了。 5.“one,every one,each one,any one,each,either,neither等+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Every one of the students is studying hard.每个学生都在用功学习。
二、主谓一致( Subject-Verb Concord ) 主谓一致的问题看上去似乎很简单，其实使用起来却不是那么容易，有时候甚至很复杂。这是因为在不同情况下，处理这一问题所依据的原则各不相同。就其在现代语法中的基本原则而言，通常有三个不同角度的着眼点：1、语法一致2、意义一致3、就近原则。 主谓一致的原则是指，主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致：主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语亦采取复数形式。例如： A grammar book helps you learn something about the rules of a language.（主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式）语法书帮助你学习语言的某些规则。 Grammar books help you learn something about the rules of a language.（主语是复数形式，谓语也采取复数形式）语法书帮助你学习语言的某些规则。 主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致的问题远不只上述的那么简单，有许多方面的情况需要去具体地对待： #不定式、动名词、以及从句作主语时应看作单数，谓语动和不可数名词并不是一尘不变的。英文中的很多词都是一词多义，名词词用单数。例如： Reading often means learning .读书常意味是学习。 To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good.每天早晨朗读英语有许多好处。 What he said has been recorded .他说的话已被录音了。 ## 不定代词one, every, each, everybody, everyone, one of, no one, nothing, nobody, someone, somebody, either, neither, many a 等作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如： Neither of my sisters likes sports .我的妹妹中没人喜欢运动。 Many a student takes a walk on campus after dinner.许多学生晚饭后常在校园里散步。Every boy and girl shows great interest in extra-curriculum activities .每个男孩和女孩对课外活动都表现出很大的兴趣。 ### 表示国家、机构、事件、作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如： One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of mysterious bits of folklore .《一千零一夜》给人们讲了许多神秘的民间传说。 The United States is leading the world in science and technology .美国常在世界科技方面领先。 The United Nations play an important role in the international affairs .联合国在国际事务中起着重要作用。 #### a portion, a series of, a kind of, the number of等与名词构成名词短语作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如： A series of high technology products has been laid out in the exhibition. 一系列高科技产品已在展览上展出。 The number of printing mistakes in some recent books often surprises people even to death.近来一些书籍里印刷错误的数量让人吃惊得要命。 A substantial portion of the reports is missing .这些报告都没有提及实质问题。 A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant.这座花园里有一种玫瑰香气怡人。##### 由some, several, both, few, many, a number of 等词修饰主语、或是由它们自身作主语时应看作复数，谓语动词用复数。另外，由and连接两个主语时，谓语一般用复数。例如：
主谓一致 1．语法形式上的一致。主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。 如： Jane and Mary look healthy and strong. The number of mistakes was surprising. 2．意义上一致 1) 主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。单数形式表示复数意义的词有people, police, cattle, militia等。 如：The crowd were running for their lives. 2)主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。形复意单的单词有news, works(工厂)和一些以-ics 结尾的学科名称，如physics, politics, mathematics等。 如：The news was very exciting. 3．就近原则。即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or, either…or, neither...nor, not only…but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。 如：Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this. 4．应注意的几个问题 A) 名词作主语 1) 某些集体名词(如family, team等)作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果就其中一个个成员来说，谓语动词用复数形式。这类名词有：audience, class, club, committee, company, crew, crowd, enemy, government, group, party, public, team, etc. 如：The whole family are watching TV. His family is going to have a long journey. 名词population一词的使用情况跟上述类似。 如：The population in China is very large, and eighty percent of the population in China are farmers. “a group(crowd)of+复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数，前者强调整体，后者强调各个部分。 2) 某些集体名词(如people, police, cattle, militia等)只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。 如：The police are searching for him. 3) 单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。 如：A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there. 4) 名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。如：My Uncle\'s is not far from here. The doctor\'s is on the side of the street. 常见的省略名词有：the baker’s, the barber’s, the carpenter’s, the Zhang’s. 表示店铺的名词一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。 如：Richardson’s have a lot of leather goods to sell. 5) 当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往能够根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。 如：Five minutes is enough to do this exercise. The Selected Poems of Li Bai was published long ago. Three years has passed. 6)不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多个并列主语，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in the future.
专题(十二) 主谓一致 语法综合演练 1. of the land in that town covered with trees and grass. A.Two fifth; is B.Two fifth; are C.Two fifths; is D.Two fifths; are 2.Two months a long time. We can visit our grandparents during the vacation. A.am B.is C.are D.be 3.We all know that one of the world’s most popular sports football. A.am B.is C.are D.has 4.There a lot of trees here, but now it has become desert. A.is B.have https://www.doczj.com/doc/1918884452.html,ed to be https://www.doczj.com/doc/1918884452.html,ed to being 5.Neither Tom nor I interested in playing WeChat. A.am B.is C.are D.be 6.She with her mother often hills on Sundays. A.climbs B.climb C.climbed D.to climb 7.The number of the elderly(老人) increasing in China, and with the development of China’s economy, they better care of in the future. A.is; will take B.are; are taken C.is; will be taken D.are; will take 8.—2,000 dollars quite a lot of money.
英语主谓一致 一般说来，谓语必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致，即主谓一致。主谓一致涉及三个方面：语法上一致，意义上一致，就近一致。 一、语法上一致 1 不可数名词、动名词、不定式、从句等做主语时，谓语通常用单数。 Much milk is offered to him. Reading aloud is very important in learning English. To nod one’s head means agreement.What they said is true. 2 and连接主语时，注意以下几点： 1）由and, both…and 连接两个单数名词谓语用复数，但当and连接的两个名词指同一个人，同一物，同一事，同一概念时谓语用单数。 Both bread and butter were served for breakfast in this hotel. The teacher and writer is going to give us a talk. 2) 凡是由each…and each…,every…and every… ,no…and no…, many a… and many a…连接名词作主语时谓语用单数。 Each man and each woman has a chance to be raised in our company. No boy and no girl doesn’t go to school at the age of seven in this village. 3) 由and 连接的前置并列修饰语+不可数名词做主语时，谓语用复数。 Good and bad meat in the market are sold out. 4) 不可数名词+并列修饰语作主语时，谓语用单数。 Beer from the USA and Germany is much better that from Britain. 5) 凡由and连接两个带the(a或物主代词)的单数可数名词，谓语用复数，如果只有前一个名词带the(a 或物主代词)则谓语用单数。 The professor and the writer have published a few new books on radio. The tenth and last chapter is written by a young man. 6)由and 连接的第二个名词短语表示否定或带有状语时，谓语的单复数与第一个名词一致。 The teacher, and perhaps his students too, is likely to be present. 7)What 从句的并列式作主语时，并列完整式常用复数，缩略式常用单数。 What he says and what he thinks have nothing to do with me. What I say and do is my own affair. 8) 由and 连接的两个疑问代词、不定式、动名词作主语时，根据意义一致的原则确定单复数。 When and where to build the new factory ________yet.(MET1991) A is not decided B are not decided C has not decided D have not decided 3 主语+介词（短语）：with, except, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, over, besides, together with, like, including, in addition to等连接的名词时，谓语以介词（短语）前的主语为准，不受介词后的名词影响。 The man with hs daughters and sons is watching TV. The girls as well as the teacher are dancing. 考例：1）E-mail, as well as telephones,______ an important role in our daily life(1999上海) A playing B play C plays D have played 2) A library with five thousand books_______ to the nation as a gift.(MET 1990) A is offered B has offered C are offered D have offered 4 不定代词either, each, one, another, anyone, anybody , no one, nobody, some one, somebody, anything, nothing, something, everything, everyone, everybody, neither等作主语时，谓语用单数，none做主语时，谓语单复数均可。There is nothing wrong with the machine. Either of the shirts fits me very well. None of the farmers has (have)been abroad. 5 many a (an) +名词和more than one +名词做主语时谓语用单数。 Many an apple is in the basket. More than one stamp has been collected by her.