基础GIS设计

2011年2月第9卷第1期地理空间信息ＧＥＯＳＰＡＴＩＡＬＩＮＦＯＲＭＡＴＩＯＮＦｅｂ．，２０１１Ｖｏｌ．９，Ｎｏ．１基于ArcEngine 的基础地理信息系统的设计与实现朱振华，侯敏（中国地质大学(北京)土地科学技术学院，北京100083）摘要：介绍了利用ArcEngine 技术开发基础GIS 软件的特点，重点讨论了在GIS 软件中查询功能、缓冲区功能和注记随地图缩放功能的实现。

关键词：组件GIS ；基础地理信息系统；第三方控件；ArcEngine ；.NET 中图分类号：P208文献标志码:B文章编号:1672-4623(2011)01-0088-03收稿日期：2009-08-07地理信息系统已经广泛应用于众多领域，为各行业提供了高效的空间信息处理能力和强大的决策支持服务[1]。

这就需要GIS 开发人员构建专业且易于使用的GIS 软件，不仅要有通用的GIS 功能和专业领域功能，还要有友好的交互式操作。

从底层开始构建这些专业系统，不仅耗费时间，而且增加软件的开发成本。

组件式GIS 把GIS 技术同嵌入式技术融合在一起，形成嵌入式地理空间集成平台，是GIS 研究的重要趋势和GIS 产业发展的方向之一[2]。

ArcEngine 是ArcGIS Engine 的简称，是ESRI 公司开发的一组完备且可以打包的嵌入式GIS 组件库。

开发人员可以在应用程序中创建或扩展GIS 的功能，自定义专业产品。

因此在通用的开发平台下嵌入GIS 功能，能很好地满足广大GIS 用户的需求。

1ArcEngine 简介ArcEngine 组件产品发布之前，ESRI 公司提供的是ArcObjects 公用组件库（以下简称AO ），它是基于Micro-soft COM 技术开发的一套COM 组件对象集，是专门为开发人员提供的二次开发组件。

该组件集提供了几乎全部的底层GIS 功能，就连ArcGIS 软件本身都是使用AO 的组件开发出来的[3]。

但使用AO 开发时，需要依附于ArcGIS 平台，开发人员只有在安装了ArcGIS 产品后，才能利用其提供的组件对象进行开发。

ArcEngine （以下简称AE ）提取了AO 组件库中的核心功能，对AO 中的大部分接口、类、库进行封装所构成嵌入式组件。

AE 中的组件接口、方法、属性与AO 是相同的。

AE 是独立的嵌入式开发平台，开发人员无须ArcGIS Desktop 支持；其具备灵活、快速的开发和功能扩展能力，功能完善，稳定性较好。

不论是AE 还是AO 都具有面向对象的特性，它们都支持类、对象、继承等面向对象的特性。

同时类下面还定义了不同的接口，接口中包含了不同的方法和属性，接口之间有接口查询（QueryInterface,简称QI ）和接口继承（Interface Inheritance ）。

例如接口查询（QI ）就是从对象的一个接口查询到另一个接口定义的属性和方法。

而要满足两个接口之间可以进行接口查询，条件是它们要同属于一个类。

本文以全国某一时期采集的基础地理数据为基础，采用.NET 为开发平台，实现了GIS 基础信息系统开发，探讨了基于AE 的基础地理信息系统的基本原理和系统功能的实现过程。

2基础地理信息系统总体设计2.1系统目标及功能系统的目标是开发出一个区域基础地理信息查询及制图的系统，系统的开发采用了C/S 模式。

.NET 平台下，C#是作为第一语言，集中了所有关于软件开发和软件工程的所有最新成果，且与AE 有很好的兼容性，因此本系统选择C#语言进行基于AE 的二次开发。

系统具有以下功能：1）地理数据的管理及显示；2）要素（Feature ）与元素（Element ）编辑功能；3）在版式视图（Layout ）添加制图元素，进行制图以及专题图；4）要素的空间查询功能和属性查询；5）空间分析功能，主要包括缓冲区分析和叠加分析；6）用户登陆，添加，操作权限等管理。

系统是在.NET 平台下开发的，系统框架图和主要功能模块如图1、2所示。

图1系统框架图第９卷第１期89 GIS基础信息系统制图功能空间分析用户管理用户信息添加删除属性编辑图形编辑SQL属性查询点击拉框邻域查询地理空间信息图7注记随地图缩放4结语基于基础地理信息系统的设计与开发实例，探讨了GIS以及AE组件技术在基础地理信息管理应用的实现方法。

AE作为基于AO构建的嵌入式开发产品，携带有很多控件，可以完全脱离ArcGIS环境，简化了开发难度，同时将AE组件技术同第三方控件结合进行系统开发，也使得系统界面美观，符合Windows界面风格，方便用户使用。

相对于底层开发而言，基于AE组件技术和第三方控件的开发技术大大提高了开发效率，降低了成本；提高了系统的可扩展性、灵活性，显示了组件GIS开发的优势。

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