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职称英语考试辅导《综合类》第四部分讲义4
阅读理解
例6：Why do many Italians think that the score 0-0 has a glorious quality? （2007）
A.Because it makes no one lose face.
B.Because the Italian team is not very strong.
C.Because Italians are nice people.
D.Because that score is what their team could obtain.
原文：The Italians think differently. “To many Italians, the score 0-0 has a glorious quality, suggesting perfection”, says the British football writer Simon Kuper. In the Italian culture, the idea of face is very important. This is why Italian teams are traditionally built around strong defenses. The Dutch footballer Johan Cruyff once said that Italian teams never exactly beat you. It’s just that you often lose to them.
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【答案】A
例7：What is the requirement for attending the Mochiyori party?
A.You have to interview celebrities.
B.You have to buy drinks and snacks.
C.You have to get permission from the organizer.
D.You have to take to it a course you have cooked.
原文：Japanese students like to hold parties. We have two kinds of parties. One is the Mochiyori party. If you want to attend this party, you have to cook a course and take it to the party. The organizer buys drinks and snacks. （Life at Aichi University）
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【答案】D
例8：With the Food for Learning program, women get a large package of food as long as __________.
A.they attend free literacy classes every day.
B.they have no land of their own.
C.they bring up their families on their own.
D.they live in refugee camps.
原文：The Food for Training program helps the teenagers and women change their lives. If they agree to join the program, they receive a large package of food each month. In return, the women are required to attend free literate classes for two hours every day. When Food for Training classes in two regions of Eritrea, 5000 girls and women joined in the first two months. It is especially popular with teenage girls, aged fourteen to sixteen, who have never had a chance to go to school before.
老师手写内容：
as long as 只要
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【答案】A
职称英语阅读理解 文稿归稿存档编号：[KKUY-KKIO69-OTM243-OLUI129-G00I-FDQS58-MG129]
【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】 【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】 第二十七篇Driven to Distraction Joe Coyne slides into the driver’s seat, starts up the car and heads1 to town. The empty stretch of interstate gives way to urban congestion2, and Coyne hits the brakes as a pedestrian suddenly crosses the street in front of him. But even if he hadn’t stopped in time, the woman would have been safe. She isn’t real. Neither is the town. And Coyne isn’t really driving. Coyne is demonstrating a computerized driving simulator that is helping researchers at Old Dominion University3 (ODU) examine how in-vehicle guidance systems affect the person behind the wheel.4 The researchers want to know if such systems, which give audible or written directions, are too distracting — or whether any distractions are offset5 by the benefits drivers get from having help finding their way in unfamiliar locations.6 “We are looking at the performance and mental workload of drivers,” said Caryl Baldwin, the assistant psychology professor lending the research, which involves measuring drivers reaction time and brain activity as they respond to auditory and visual cues7. The researchers just completed a study of the mental workload8 involved in driving through different kinds of environments and heavy
全军职称英语考试应试技巧 一年一度的全军专业技术干部晋职考试又将举行，作为有着数年教学经验的英语教员，我们一直非常关注英语考试的进行。通过对考试大纲和近几年试题的分析研究，得出了一些心得体会，供应试者参考借鉴。 由中国人民解放军专业技术干部考试中心编写的《军队专业技术干部英语考试指南》（后称《指南》）一书中编入了我军现试行的军队职业技术干部晋职英语考试大纲。大纲明确指出：本考试重点考查应试者的阅读能力，同时考查其基本语法和词汇知识以及翻译能力。 从题型和分数的分配可以看出，考生成绩的好坏在很大程度上取决于阅读理解的成绩，而该部分试题的考试时间只有60分钟，即平均每12分钟阅读一篇文章并完成5道题，时间非常紧张，因此如何提高阅读理解水平是每一位应试者所关心的问题。成功地理解文章主要依靠两方面因素的相互作用，即阅读基础（词汇、语法结构和背景知识）和阅读技巧（充分利用语篇知识快速解决阅读理解问题）。 笔者认为应试者要做到以下几点： 首先要树立信心，调整阅读速度。阅读时一定要集中精力，但不能过分紧张。其次要培养良好的阅读习惯。阅读时不要一个词一个词地读，更不要小声地念。这样无论是从所花的时间上来讲，还是从取得的收益来讲都是不可取的。在做阅读理解时，先把文章粗略浏览一遍，大致了解作者所要传达的信息。然后把文章后面的题目仔细看一遍。接下来就要带着问题来阅读文章。考生应把自己的注意力放在索取文章所传达的信息上，不要过多地被文字所纠缠。这就要求考生在阅读过程中头脑积极地工作，主动与作者展开对话，一边读一边预测并不时得出结论。这一遍下来，可能还会有几个问题仍无法确定，这时要回过头去仔细阅读与问题有关的段落，以期找到答案。阅读是个积极主动的活动，充分利用自己的语言知识并辅之以对文章推理过程的把握可以使考生更迅速有效地获取文章内容。 在阅读过程中不可避免地要遇到生词，这时该怎么办？其实阅读中遇到的生词只要不影响对文章主要意思的理解，一般应该继续往下读。如果生词的确影响对内容的理解，查字典是一种办法，但很不方便，而且频繁地查字典不仅影响阅读速度，而且影响对文章内容的整体理解。在阅读中遇到的生词最好的办法是通过上下文中文字的提示来猜词。可以通过找同义词，分析生词的构成等来猜测词义。 当然，阅读理解能力是建立在具备基本的语法知识和一定词汇量的基础上的。因此除按大纲要求掌握《指南》中"语法项目表"所规定的语法项目和知识外，扩大词汇量更是应试者考前复习的重要任务。那么如何扩大词汇量呢？根据亲身体会及所教各年龄段学生的经验，我们认为扩大词汇量不能单纯地通过背生词表来记单词，而是应该去学习词组和句子，把单词放在句子中文章中来记。生词的含义只有在上下文中才能完全展现出来，并易于被识记、理解和掌握。此外应试者还应阅读各种体裁、题材的文章以开阔视野，增加背景知识。 翻译的过程是正确理解原文和创造性地用另一种语言再现原文的过程。和阅读理解一样，做翻译题时，切忌望文生义，一看到文章就逐字逐句翻译。考生首先应把文章从头到尾看一遍，掌握文章的大概意思。然后把自己从原文所理解的内容用汉语重新表达出来。英语和汉语在
阅读理解：第三篇Cooking Oil Fumes Tumor C级 The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking ,said medical experts after a five-year research study . Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. They said patients are younger, especially women. According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute, more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else .Following breast cancer ,it has the second-highest incidence rate. “An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer ,” said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center. He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years. Among them, 1,483 were male. Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke, according to the report. However, more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term, close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat. About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women’s bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchens. However , local women were adjacent to then cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer .come claimed they may change food preparation methods. “Unless my family and I don/t eat at home every day , I must stay in the kitchen to cook,” said Xu Li, a 45-year-old local woman. “I know the fumes are bad for the skin, but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less.” Doctors said women’s lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition, but was closely related to family cancer history, unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems. Other experts agreed with He. “Smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer for men,” said Dr Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University’s Medical College. “It’s true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women.” He’s research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used. The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time, experts said. 练习： 1.What a new tendency in lung cancer is concluded by the researchers? D A Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women. B Women are more likely to develop lung cancer than men. C Patients with lung cancer become older, especially males. D Patients with lung cancer become younger, especially females. 2. Which of the following diseases is the most common among the local residents in Shanghai? B A Heart disease. B Breast cancer. C Infectious diseases. D Lung cancer. 3. What symptoms may be complained of by most women with lung cancer after long term, close contact with cooking oil fumes? A
Stress Level Tied to Education Level 1.Stress level is closely related to. social status. 2.The1,031adults were interviewed. on a daily basis for 8 days. 3.Which group reported the biggest number of stressful days? People with college degrees. 4.The less advantaged people are, the greater. the impact of stress on their health is. 5.Less-educated people report fewer days of stress possibly because. Stress is too common a factor in their life. Medical Journals 1.The main readers of medical journals are. health professionals. 2.Which of the following statements is NOT true? Most medical journals publish only online. 3.How many major types of articls are mentioned in the passage? Five. 4.An article dealing with results from different studies on the same topic is called. A research article. 5.Letters to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments on. Articles published in that journal. Need for Emphasis on Treatment 1.Which is true of many AIDS sufferers in developing countries? They are not receiving any treatment. 2.The WHO publishes its World Health Report. Once a year. 3.According to Lee, our response to the AIDS disease is. A matter of great significance. 4.AIDS treatment programs may also result in. more effective prevention. 5.How many people have died of AIDS so far? More than 20 million. Heat and Health 1.More than 600 people died from heat in Chicago. In 1995. 2.What can piople learn from the Mean Heat Index? The average temperature of an extrem ely hot day. 3.A heat wave is a period of time during which. The weather is much hotter than usual. 4.Muscle pain in hot weather means that. Y our body needs more water. 5.For people who are not in good health,heat can. Be deadly. Losing W eight 1.The study showed that most of the girls. Had a healthy body weight. 2.What percentage of the girls considered themselves overweight? Nearly 30 percent. 3.The survey participants were girls. Who were 10 to 1 4. 4.What kind of institution does the lead researcher work with? A hospital. 5.Unhealthy attitudes about weight,body image and food may. Lead to an eating disorder. Pushbike Peril 1.According to the passage, some engineers are trying to improve the handlebars because. they are not noble enough. 2.In paragraph 2, the author mentions a study of serious abdominal iniuries. To tell us why Kristy Arbogast began the projict. 3.Paragraph 3 mainly discusses. how serious injuries occur. 4.The passage implies that. It is not easy to persuade manufacturers to adopt the new design. 5.In which of the following ways the handgrip work? It reduces the dangerous forces in bicycle accidents. Aate-night Erinking 1.The author mentions “pick-me-up”to indicate that. coffee is a stimulant. 2.Which of the following tells us how caffeine affects sleep? Caffeine halves the body’s levels of sleep hormone. 3.What does paragraph 3 mainly discuss? Different effects of caffeinated coffee and decaf on sleep. 4.What does the experiment mentioned in paragraph 4 prove? Caffeine drinkers produce less sleep hormone. 5.The author of this passage probably agrees that. we should not drink coffee after supper. Attitudes to AIDS Now 1.What do activists worry about? People may stop worrying about AIDS. 2.According to the passage, people’s attitude toward the cure of AIDS is. realistic. 3.The Gallup Poll shows that the number of people. Who think AIDS is the country’s top health killer has fallen. 4.According to the Kaiser Poll, which of the following is NOT correct? More and more people die of AIDS now.
职称英语考试心得 第一篇：职称英语考试心得职称英语考试在即，盼望各人考个好结果，下边的考试心得为转载 [url=space.php?uid=11762]太阳鸟[/url] 的，很有帮助（另附考试资料已经整理）：职称英语考试 心得 1、词汇选项（15分）。这类题根本是送分题，只要找到 一个好的英语词典 就可以了，最好是有近、反义词那种。还有一个要注意的问题是为了加速查词速率，词典最好体积不要太大（64k那种 就可以），如果字典太厚太大单纯拿字典都累得不可，查单词速率就显着得打折。 2、阅读判断。这类题一样平常较难，也就7分。记得哪 个老师说过，这类题花太多时间不值得，除非你有充足时间。正如谁人老师说的那样，这道题就蒙吧，一般选6对1错，或6错1对，也就是对对对错对对对或错错错对错错错。为什么，听说如果连着四道题答案一样，阅卷时大概以为你是蒙大概....，不给分。 3、概括大意与完成句子(8分)。这类题一样平常也比力难。记着老外写文章，经常全文中心是短文的 第一句，每段 第一句是该段的中央，把握住这个，好多题目根本就好办
理了，做这类题，同样也不要花太多时间。 4、阅读理解。这一部分分值45分。一般有当年课本上一道原题。做这类题，平常要多阅读，纷歧定要每个单词，每个句子都搞明确，老外写文章，经常用这样的结构：文章中心→举例→作者观点，正如第3题说的那样，全文中心是短文的第一句，但一定要注意转折词如but、allthowt等（呵呵，不要钻牛角尖）。考试时注意目的是拿分不是学习研究文章，我的方法是先看漫笔后的题目，然后带着题目去阅读，同时注意题后的问题在文章中的答案一样平常有次序，也就是第二题的答案一般在 第一题和 第三题答案在文章位置的中心。 5、补全短文(10分)。我做这道题的要领比较简单，也就 是看一些关键词（如前面有the first,那后面必有second,也就是雷同中文中一方面.... 另一方面，因为......所以，虽然....但是等等），另外还有许多老师经常说的合并同类项（从侯选答案中查找与该段有关系或相同的单词） 6、完型填空（15分）。这道题一般是教材中当年新增补 的原题，但不要记忆原文中的空白处的abcd，而肯定要记着 全文，由于虽说是原文，但填空的位置试题和原题一样平常会不一样。比如考a，最笨的办法为将教材中最后5篇文章全部 背下来，呵呵，15分比力靠谱。 从整个试题布局来看，一般第 1、6题的30分应该全部拿下，接着就是第4题，因为一 般有课本中一道原题，只要你能把教材中全部漫笔全阅读一次，其中的15分是拿定了，也就是说到现在45分是没题目了，阅
第十一篇When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach Our senses aren’t just delivering 汪strict view of what’s going on in the world；they’re affected by what’s going on in our heads. A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than people who’ve just eaten. Psychologists have known for decades that what’s going on,inside our head affects our senses. For example, poorer children think coins are larger than they are, and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter. Remi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis，France，wanted to investigate how this happens. Does it happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brain’s high-level thinking processes get involved.Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass index. On the day of his or her test, each student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating. Then theywere told there was a delay. Some were told to come back in 10 minutes; others were given an hour to get lunch first. So half the students were hungry when they did the experiment and the other half had just eaten. For the experiment, the participant looked at a computer screen. One by one, 80 words flashed on the screen for about l/300th of a second each. They flashed at so small a size that the students could only consciously perceive. A quarter of the words were food-related. After each word，each person was asked how bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words they’d seen —a food-related word like cake or a neutral word like boat. Each word appeared too briefly for the participant to really read it. Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food- related words. Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen, this means that the difference is in perception ,not in thinking processes, Radel says. “This is something great to me. Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for. From the experiment, I know that our brain can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs,” Radel says. 词汇： threshold n.起点，开端；门槛 disposal n.处理,处置;配置 neutral adj.中性的；中立的 motive n.动机，目的 strive v.努力，力求;斗争注释： 1. Our senses aren’t just delivering a strict view of ... in our heads:这个句子的大概意思是:我们的五官感觉不仅仅让我们感知世界;五官感觉还受大脑活动的影响。 2. University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis:法国尼斯?索菲亚?安提波利斯大学，简称尼斯大学，1965年经法国政令正式宣布成立。尼斯大学在尼斯市设有7处主校园，另外，还在索菲亚?安提波利斯市(Sophia Antipolis)、戛纳市（Cannes)和芒东市（Menton)设有校区。索菲亚?安提波利斯是位于尼斯市西南侧的科技园区，是许多髙等学府的所在地。 3. body mass index:身体质量指数 4. at the threshold of:当……快要开始时 5. in perception：感知 6. at the disposal of:受到……的控制 练习： 1. What does the new study mentioned in Paragraph 1 find? A Hungry people see every word more clearly than ordinary people. B Hungry people are always thinking of food-related words. C Hungry people are more sensitive to food-related words than stomach-full people. D Hungry people do not have lower-level of thinking process. 2. Why was there a delay on the day of the experiment? A Because hungry people needed time to fill their stomach. B Because Radel wanted to create two groups of testees, hungry and non-hungry. C Because noon was not the right time for any experiment. D Because Radel needed time to select participants in terms of body mass index. 3. What does the writer want to tell us? A Human9s senses aren’t just delivering a strict view of what’s going on in the world. B What’s perceived by our senses affects our way of thinking. C Human brains can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs. D Thinking processes guarantee the normal functions of our senses. 4. What did the results of the experiment indicate? A 80 words flashed on the screen too fast for the participant to intentionally perceive. B Hungry people were better at identifying neutral words. C People who had just eaten were better at identifying food-related words. D The participants could barely perceive what they needed or what they strived for. 5. What can we infer from the passage? A 42 participants are too small a number for a serious investigation. B An experiment with hungry and non-hungry participants is not reliable. C Our thinking processes are independent of our senses. D Humans can perceive what they need without involving high-level thinking processes. 答案与题解： 1. C第一段第二句是本题答案的依据。饥肠辘辘的人只是看food-related words比较清楚，选项C的句意与上述句子的意思完全一致，是答案。选项A说的是every word, 所以不是答案。选项B和D文章中没有提到。 2. B答案的根据可在第三段找到。Radel为了保证42名学生到达实验室时是空腹，所以要求他们中午到达。然后告诉一部分学生实验时间推迟了，请他们10分钟后再来。他又请另外一部分学生用午餐。Radel用推迟实验的方法造就了两组实验者，即饥饿组与饱食组。选项B是答案。 3. C 虽然A、B、D选项均可在文中找到对应部分，但只属于细节，而非主旨，因此不能选。本文最后一句给出了直接的答案。 4. A第四段第三行中consciously与A项中的intentionally是同义词。B项neutral意思为“中性的”，在本文中的意思是与food-related相对的，即“与食物不相关的”，因此是错误选择; C 项不符合课文原意; D项barely意为“仅仅，勉强，几乎没有”，因此也不符合句意。 5. D选项A所说的实验样本的大小与本题主旨无关，不是答案，而是干扰项;B、C内容也不能直接从短文中推断出来。选项D是答案。最后一段第二句的“Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for”为选择D 项提供了依据。 第十一篇我们的视觉服务于我们的胃口 我们的五官不仅仅让我们感知世界；还受大脑活动的影响。一项新研究发现：比起那些刚刚用过餐的人，饥饿的人能更清晰地看到与食品有关的词。 数十年以来，心理学家已经知道我们的心理活动直接影响到我们的视觉。例如，贫穷的孩子看到的硬币比实际的要大；饥饿的人看到的食物图片更明亮。法国的尼斯?索菲亚?安提波利斯大学试图调查这一现象：发生这种情况的时间是在大脑从眼睛接收到视觉信号的即时还是稍后些，这时高级思维活动已经介入了。 雷戴尔招募了健康指数正常的42位学生作为被试者。在测试的当天，每个学生被告知在中午到达实验室，这时距上一次的用餐时间有3?4个小时。等他们到达实验室时，他们被告知实验时间有延迟。一半学生被告知十分钟后再回来;其余的给1个小时的时间先吃午饭。所以一半学生饿着肚子，另一半学生饱腹参加了此次实验。 实验的步骤如下：要求被试者看电脑屏幕。屏幕上的80个字以1/300秒的频率闪动。由于字体非常之小，被试者只能凭感觉捕捉到字形。1/4的字是与食物有关的。每闪动一个字，被试者回答字体的亮度并选择看到的是哪类词：一类是和食物有关的词，比如“蛋糕”；一类是中性词，比如“船”。由于每个词的闪动在瞬间完成，被试者根本看不清楚那个词是什么。 饥饿的人看到与食物有关的词更明亮，且能更好地辨认出与食物有关的词。由于每个词的闪动太快，其实那些被试者根本不会确切地看到什么，这就说明：他们只是感觉不同，根本没经过思考。雷戴尔给出了这样的解释。 雷戴尔说：“这就是重点所在。人类可以真正感知到自身的需要或者为之奋斗的目标。该实验使我了解这样的事实，即我们的大脑是受我们的动机和需要所支配的。” 第十九篇Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience Shimi, a musical companion developed by Georgia Tech’s Center for Music Technology, recommends songs, dances to the beat and keeps the music pumping based on listener feedback. The smartphone-enabled, one-foot-tall robot is billed as an interactive “musical friend”. “Shimi is designed to change the way that people enjoy and think about their music，”said Professor Gil Weinberg, the robot’s creator. He will unveil the robot at the June 27th Google I/O conference in San Francisco. A band of three Shimi robots will perform for guests, dancing in sync with music created in the lab and composed according to its movements. Shimi is essentially a docking station with a “brain”powered by an Android phone. Once docked, the robot gains the sensing and musical generation capabilities of the user’s mobile device. In other words, if there’s an “app”for that, Shimi is ready. For instance, by using the phone’s camera and face-detecting software，Shimi can follow a listener around the room and position its “ears”，or speakers, for optimal sound. Another recognition feature is based on rhythm and tempo. If the user taps a beat, Shimi analyzes it, scans the phone’s musical library and immediately plays the song that best matches the suggestion. Once the music starts，Shimi dances to the rhythm. “Many people think that robots are limited by their programming instructions, said Music Technology Ph. D. candidate Mason Bretan. “Shimi shows us that robots can be creative and interactive. ’’Future apps in the works will allow the user to shake their head in disagreement or wave a hand in the air to alert Shimi to skip to the next song or increase/decrease the volume. The robot will also have the capability to recommend new music based on the user’s song choices and provide feedback on the music play list. Weinberg hopes other developers will be inspired to create more apps to expand Shimi’s creative and interactive capabilities. “I believe that our center is ahead of a revolution that will see more robots in homes.” Weinberg said. Weinberg is in the process of commercializing Shimi through an exclusive licensing agreement with Georgia Tech. Weinberg hopes to make the robot available to consumers by the 2013 holiday season. “If robots are going to arrive in homes, we think that they will be this kind of machines一small, entertaining and fun，，，Weinberg said. “They will enhance your life and pave the way for more intelligent service robots in our lives.” 词汇： pump v.用抽水机抽;不断播放（音乐） scan v.扫描;浏览 skip v.轻跳，跳跃 sync n.同步，同时;v.使同步 tempo n.速度;节奏 注释： 1. Georgia Tech:全称是Georgia Institute of Technology,佐治亚理工学院，建于1885 年，位于亚特兰大市中心。佐治亚理工学齒是美国南部最大的公立理工学院,也是全美最顶尖的理工学院之一，排名仅次于麻省理工学院(MIT)和加州理工学院(CalTech)。 2. pump:不断播放(音乐）。例如:This radio station recently pumps out pop music. (这家广播电台近来连续播放流行音乐。) 3. smartphone-enabled:由智能手机系统支持的 4. is billed as:相当于is advertised as，意为“被标榜为”。